CN205333549U - Compound phase change material latent heat survey device - Google Patents
Compound phase change material latent heat survey device Download PDFInfo
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- CN205333549U CN205333549U CN201521096533.0U CN201521096533U CN205333549U CN 205333549 U CN205333549 U CN 205333549U CN 201521096533 U CN201521096533 U CN 201521096533U CN 205333549 U CN205333549 U CN 205333549U
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a close phase change material latent heat survey device, the structural style who adopts the sandwich cliies with two dull and stereotyped heat flow meters of the same area respectively on the both sides of compound phase change material's sample, two outer reuses constant temperature aluminum plate that the area is bigger of dull and stereotyped heat flow meter hugs closely fixedly, can set up out a recess on the constant temperature aluminum plate, dull and stereotyped heat flow meter embeds in the recess, dull and stereotyped heat flow meter and test block use thermal insulation material to seal all around, fix at constant temperature aluminum plate central zone, the temperature of sample is by constant temperature aluminum plate accurate control, constant temperature aluminum plate's temperature is by the constant temperature equipment accurate control, the size of the heat discharge of test block lift temperature in -process business turn over is measured to dull and stereotyped heat flow meter, measure the absolute heat that the compound phase change material sample of a series of by a small margins liter / cooling in -process absorbs / emits through using dull and stereotyped heat flow meter, simple sensible heat and the latent heat that obtains the sample that calculates of rethread formula.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a latent heat survey technical field especially relates to a composite phase change material latent heat survey device.
Background
Phase Change Materials (PCM) can change their physical states (vapor-liquid, solid-liquid, etc.) by taking the temperature difference between the environment and the material as a driving force within a certain temperature range, thereby realizing heat storage or heat release. By utilizing the energy storage characteristic, the PCM is combined with the traditional building materials (such as cement mortar, gypsum wallboard and the like) and applied to the building, so that the cold energy of the night environment can be stored for refrigerating rooms in the daytime or the solar energy in the daytime can be stored for heating at night, the energy-saving effect of the building is achieved, the peak power consumption is reduced, the peak clipping and valley filling are realized, and the urban electric power shortage condition is relieved; the phase-change material can also improve the heat storage capacity of the building envelope structure, reduce the fluctuation of indoor temperature and improve the comfort of the building. Therefore, the application of the composite material in building energy conservation aspects such as building envelope structures, heating and heat storage systems, air-conditioning and cold storage systems and the like has wide prospect.
The phase change material is often in a non-solid state form in the phase change process, has poor durability and cannot be directly used as a building material, so the composite phase change material is generally prepared by the means of microcapsule encapsulation, porous medium solidification and the like, and then is prepared by the method of doping the composite phase change material into building materials such as cement mortar or gypsum and the like. In practical engineering applications, a suitable phase change material must be selected according to the overall thermophysical properties of the composite phase change material. The phase transition temperature and the latent heat of phase transition are two main thermophysical properties which are first considered for measuring the application range and the energy storage performance of the phase transition material. A commonly used analytical test method is Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), which is based on the principle of using a compensation method to establish a curve of heat flow as a function of temperature or time. However, the DSC method has very small sampling amount (<50mg), and the composite phase change material should be regarded as a heterogeneous material when the sampling amount is small, so the test result does not well reflect the overall thermophysical properties of the material, and therefore, the method is not suitable for analyzing the phase change temperature and latent heat of the composite phase change material, and is only suitable for analyzing the thermophysical properties of a single component substance. Other methods, such as a method (T-History method) of measuring a curve of temperature changes with time when the phase change material and the reference are heated or cooled in air, calculate latent heat of phase change of the phase change material, but since the temperature of the composite phase change material changes to a certain extent during the phase change process, the judgment of the phase change starting point during the calculation process is influenced by the subjectivity of an experimenter, resulting in a certain deviation of the measurement result. Besides the above methods, there are also research reports on measuring the latent heat of phase change of the composite phase change material by using a water bath heating method, but because the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material is small, the uniform heating of the phase change material cannot be ensured, and the accuracy of the measurement result is questioned.
That is to say, there is a detection method for the main performance index of a single phase change material, but in practical application, the phase change material needs to be made into a composite phase change material to be used as a building material in engineering, and the performance index of the single phase change material cannot sufficiently represent the performance of the composite phase change material, for example, the latent heat of the composite phase change material cannot be completely calculated according to the proportion of the phase change material in the product description, and some manufacturers do not strictly add the component of the expensive phase change material according to the formula. The main performance indexes of the composite phase-change material are required to be provided for building designers, and the composite phase-change material used in actual engineering has a method for detection. At present, no device for scientifically and accurately measuring the phase change latent heat of the composite phase change material exists at home and abroad.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model aims at providing a composite phase change material latent heat measuring device to realize:
1) by directly measuring a large composite phase change material sample, the error caused by too small sampling amount of a DSC method is reduced, and the thermophysical property of the composite phase change material is truly reflected;
2) The method is suitable for testing the heat storage performance of most composite phase change materials, wherein the composite phase change materials comprise composite phase change materials which are encapsulated by microcapsules and solidified by porous media, and building envelope materials made of doped composite phase change materials such as cement mortar and gypsum;
3) the phase change temperature, the latent heat and the specific heat of the solid-liquid state of the composite phase change material can be obtained through measurement and calculation.
4) The composite phase change material sample can be directly tested without a reference;
5) the device is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, the operation is convenient, and the automation degree is high.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining latent heat of composite phase change material based on the above device for determining latent heat of composite phase change material.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a following technical scheme:
a composite phase change material latent heat determining device, comprising: unable adjustment base, dull and stereotyped heat flow meter, heat preservation frame, thermostated construction, constant temperature equipment, data acquisition appearance, clamping device and computational device, wherein, dull and stereotyped heat flow meter the heat preservation frame with the thermostated construction is all built-in to be fixed in the unable adjustment base, the thermostated construction includes first thermostated construction and second thermostated construction, first thermostated construction with second thermostated construction interval sets up, dull and stereotyped heat flow meter includes the same first flat board heat flow meter of area and second flat board heat flow meter, first flat board heat flow meter with second flat board heat flow meter interval sets up first thermostated construction with between the second thermostated construction, the sample sets up first flat board heat flow meter with between the second flat board heat flow meter, first thermostated construction, first flat board heat flow meter, the sample, The second flat plate heat flow meter and the second constant temperature plate are sequentially attached, contacted and clamped and fixed by the clamping device, the sample is sealed with the peripheries of the first flat plate heat flow meter and the second flat plate heat flow meter by the heat preservation frame, first fluid channels used for constant temperature fluid flowing are arranged in the first constant temperature plate and the second constant temperature plate, the first fluid channels are communicated with the constant temperature device to extract the constant temperature fluid from the constant temperature device, a plurality of groups of thermocouples are arranged on the surface of the sample, the data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring data of the thermocouples, the first flat plate heat flow meter and the second flat plate heat flow meter, and the calculation device receives the data acquired by the data acquisition instrument and calculates to obtain a test result.
Preferably, the first fluid channel includes a first sub-fluid channel disposed in the first thermostatic plate and a second sub-fluid channel disposed in the second thermostatic plate, the first sub-fluid channel and the second sub-fluid channel are U-shaped channels, W-shaped channels, or serpentine channels, and the constant temperature fluid flows out of the thermostatic device, flows through the first sub-fluid channel and the second sub-fluid channel, and then flows back into the thermostatic device.
Preferably, the constant temperature fluid is constant temperature water, and a water tank for containing water, a cold source device for controlling a temperature of the water, and a temperature control device are built in the constant temperature device.
Preferably, the cold source device comprises a top cover, a refrigerator and an ice-water mixed water tank, the ice-water mixed water tank is arranged at the bottom of the refrigerator, the water tank is arranged above the ice-water mixed water tank, a heat exchange pipe is arranged between the water tank and the ice-water mixed water tank, the top cover covers an opening above the refrigerator, and water in the water tank flows through the heat exchange pipe immersed in an ice-water mixture in the ice-water mixed water tank and then returns to the water tank.
Preferably, the water tank is supported above the ice-water mixed water tank by two U-shaped stainless steel pipes, four vertical pipes of the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes penetrate through the bottom of the water tank, the length of the vertical pipes exposed out of the water tank is equal to the height of water in the water tank, the vertical pipes are welded and sealed with the bottom of the water tank, two horizontal pipes of the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes are immersed and supported at the bottom of the ice-water mixed water tank, and the heat exchange pipes are the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes.
Preferably, a water inlet and a first water outlet are arranged on one vertical pipe of each U-shaped stainless steel pipe, the height of the first water outlet is higher than that of the water inlet, a second water outlet is arranged on the other vertical pipe, one part of the water entering the water inlet is sprayed into the water tank from the first water outlet, the other part of the water passes through the bottom of the U-shaped stainless steel pipe and then is sprayed back into the water tank from the second water outlet arranged on the other vertical pipe, the water outlet directions of the four water outlets on the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes are vertically arranged in pairs, and the water outlets are sprayed out in the horizontal direction to stir the water in the water tank to form a circular flow.
Preferably, the temperature control device comprises a temperature controller, a heating pipe and a temperature sensor, the heating pipe is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, and the temperature controller receives a signal of the temperature sensor and controls the heating pipe to heat according to the signal.
Preferably, the outer wall of the water tank is coated with a heat insulating material layer.
Preferably, the top cover is made of a polyphenyl material.
Preferably, the fixing base clamps and fixes the first thermostatic plate, the first plate heat flow meter, the sample, the second plate heat flow meter, and the second thermostatic plate by the clamping device.
The utility model also provides a composite phase change material latent heat measuring method, include: step 1) preparing a sample, wherein the butt joint area of the sample and a flat plate heat flow meter is the same as the working area of the flat plate heat flow meter; step 2), calibrating a flat plate heat flow meter; step 3) clamping the sample by using two flat plate heat flow meters, clamping the two flat plate heat flow meters by using two constant temperature plates, controlling the temperature of constant temperature water by using a constant temperature device, and realizing constant temperature by using the constant temperature water flowing through a first fluid channel in the constant temperature plates; step 4), a testing step: setting the temperature of fluid in the water tank controlled by a temperature controller in a constant temperature device, and ensuring that the temperature in the water tank can be stabilized within the range of +/-0.05 ℃ of each test temperature; secondly, in the temperature rise test process, the initial temperature is at least reduced by 10 ℃ from the melting temperature of the sample; in the cooling test process, the initial temperature at least starts from the solidification temperature plus 10 ℃ of the sample; thirdly, determining a composite phase change material with a nominal phase change temperature of A ℃, and determining a test temperature range of M-N ℃ and a heating interval of L ℃ so as to determine a series of test temperatures, such as M ℃, M + L ℃, M +2L ℃, then. Controlling the water temperature of the circulating water tank at M ℃, and recording to obtain a horizontal line with an ordinate value close to zero when the total heat entering the sample through the two flat plate heat flow meters is zero after the temperature of the constant temperature plate, the flat plate heat flow meters and the sample is balanced; setting the temperature of the water tank at M + L ℃, immediately starting to measure and record the total heat entering the sample through the two flat plate heat flow meters, and when the three of the constant temperature plate, the flat plate heat flow meter and the sample reach new balance again at new temperature, the measured total heat is the total heat required when the temperature of the sample and the flat plate heat flow meter is increased from M ℃ to M + L ℃; sixthly, measuring and recording the total heat entering the sample through two flat plate heat flow meters in each temperature rise process of M + L-M +2L ℃, M + 2L-M +3L ℃, N-2L-N-L ℃, N-L-N ℃ by using the same method, and obtaining the heat absorption condition of the composite phase change material in each temperature rise process by calculating, wherein the heat absorption condition comprises sensible heat before and after phase change of the material and latent heat in the phase change process; after the temperature rise test process is finished, setting the temperature of the circulating water tank at N ℃, keeping the temperature balance among a constant temperature plate, a flat plate heat flow meter and the sample, then starting to measure the temperature reduction and heat release conditions of the composite phase change material, reducing the temperature by L ℃, measuring the total heat of the sample flowing out through the two flat plate heat flow meters in each temperature reduction process of M + 2L-M + L ℃, M + L-M ℃ and M + L-M ℃, and calculating the sensible heat and latent heat of the composite phase change material; step 5) the calculation method comprises the following steps: the total heat absorbed/released by the composite phase change material in each temperature rise/fall process can be calculated by the following formula:
Or
In the formula:
h is heat absorbed/released by the composite phase change material in the temperature rising/reducing process, kJ/kg;
qi,1,qi,2measurement readings of two plate heat flow meters, W/m2；
qeq,1,qeq,2Baseline reading when two plate heat flow meters are temperature balanced, W/m2；
Δ t — time interval, s, recorded by flat plate heat flow meter measurements;
a-area of the plate heat flow meter, m2；
m is the mass of the sample, kg;
rho-density of the sample, kg/m3；
d-thickness of the sample, m;
Cp,1,Cp,2the specific heat capacity of the plate heat flow meter, kJ/kg;
Δ T-temperature difference of temperature rise/fall at each stage, ° C;
Cothother auxiliary materials, such as the specific heat capacity of the sample container, the insulating frame material, kJ/kg;
n-number of measurements recorded;
and (4) plotting the calculated total heat h of each temperature rise/fall and the corresponding temperature difference delta T to obtain the heat absorption/release condition of the sample in the whole process, namely measuring the latent heat of the composite phase change material.
Preferably, the step 1) further comprises, when preparing the sample, for the solid composite sample, cutting the sample into a plate with the same size as the area of the flat plate heat flow meter and the thickness of 10-20mm, and directly testing; for the sample with solid-liquid phase change, a thin-wall box-shaped container with the same external dimension as the plate is prepared, and the sample is melted and poured into the container for testing.
The utility model provides a composite phase change material latent heat survey device's improvement point lies in, in the uniform temperature range, use dull and stereotyped heat flow meter to measure the absolute heat that a series of small-range liter/cooling in-process composite phase change material test blocks absorbed/emitted, the temperature of composite phase change material test blocks is controlled by circulating fluid and thermostated plate in the thermostatic bath among the measurement process, the heat through the test block is measured by the dull and stereotyped heat flow meter that two areas equal, the sample adopts thermal insulation material to seal all around with dull and stereotyped heat flow meter, prevent the heat exchange with the surrounding air, the test result is gathered and calculation processing through data acquisition device and computer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a latent heat measuring device for composite phase change materials according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a fixing base, a flat heat flow meter and a thermostatic plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic two-dimensional structure diagram of a thermostat device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a thermostat device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram of the enthalpy value of a sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the above FIGS. 1-5:
the device comprises a fixed base 1, a thermostatic plate 2, a heat preservation frame 3, a flat plate heat flow meter 4, a sample 5, a first fluid channel 6, an ice-water mixed water tank 7, a water tank 8, a temperature control device 9, a data acquisition instrument 10, a computing device 11, a three-way valve 12, a first sub-fluid channel 13, a clamping device 14, a temperature sensor 21, an ice-water mixture 22, a heat exchange tube 23, a water inlet 24, a heat preservation material layer 25, a heating tube 26, a first water outlet 27, a top cover 28, a water inlet tube 29, a water outlet tube 30, a second water outlet 31, water 32, a refrigerator 33, an aluminum net 34 and a U-shaped stainless.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a latent heat measuring device for composite phase change materials according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a fixing base, a flat heat flow meter and a thermostatic plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic two-dimensional structure diagram of a thermostat device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a thermostat device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is a diagram of the enthalpy value of a sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a composite phase change material latent heat survey device, include: the device comprises a fixed base 1, a flat plate heat flow meter 4, a heat preservation frame 3, a thermostatic plate 2, a thermostatic device, a data acquisition instrument 10, a clamping device 14 and a calculation device 11, wherein the flat plate heat flow meter 4, the heat preservation frame 3 and the thermostatic plate 2 are all fixed in the fixed base 1 in a built-in mode, the thermostatic plate 2 is preferably a thermostatic aluminum plate with better use effect, the fixed base 1 plays a role of fixing the thermostatic plate 2, the flat plate heat flow meter 4 and a tested sample 5, the thermostatic plate 2 comprises a first thermostatic plate and a second thermostatic plate, the first thermostatic plate and the second thermostatic plate are arranged at intervals, the flat plate heat flow meter 4 comprises a first flat plate heat flow meter and a second flat plate heat flow meter with the same area, the same area means that the working areas of the first flat plate heat flow meter and the second flat plate heat flow meter are arranged at intervals, the first flat plate heat flow meter and the second flat plate heat flow meter are arranged between the first thermostatic plate and the second thermostatic plate, the sample 5 is arranged between a first flat plate heat flow meter and a second flat plate heat flow meter, the first constant temperature plate, the first flat plate heat flow meter, the sample 5, the second flat plate heat flow meter and the second constant temperature plate are sequentially attached and contacted and clamped and fixed by a clamping device 14, the first constant temperature plate, the first flat plate heat flow meter, the sample 5, the second flat plate heat flow meter and the second constant temperature plate are clamped and fixed by the clamping device 14 by a fixing base 1, the sample 5 and the second flat plate heat flow meter are sealed by a heat preservation frame 3, the periphery of the contact surface of the sample 5 and the first flat plate heat flow meter and the periphery of the contact surface of the second flat plate heat flow meter are sealed by the heat preservation frame 3, so as to ensure that heat is mainly exchanged from the contact surface of the flat plate heat flow meter 4 and the sample 5, a first fluid channel 6 for flowing of constant temperature fluid is arranged in each of the first constant temperature plate and the second constant temperature plate, the first fluid channel 6 is communicated with the constant temperature device to extract the constant temperature fluid, the surface of the sample 5 is provided with a plurality of groups of thermocouples, the data acquisition instrument 10 is used for acquiring data of the thermocouples, the first flat plate heat flow meter and the second flat plate heat flow meter, and the computing device 11 receives the data acquired by the data acquisition instrument and computes to obtain latent heat of the composite phase-change material. The computing means 11 may be a computer with multiple sets of thermocouples embedded in each surface of the sample 5 to measure the temperature uniformity of the sample. The test readings of the two flat-plate heat flow meters 4 and the multiple groups of thermocouples are automatically acquired by a data acquisition instrument and are processed by a computer, and the change curves of heat flow and temperature along with time are drawn.
The first fluid channel 6 may be a pipeline, or may be formed in other manners, for example, when the first thermostatic plate is formed by butting and splicing two plates in the thickness direction, the inner sides of the two plates are respectively provided with a groove, the first fluid channel 6 is formed when the two grooves are butted, and the second thermostatic plate is similar to the first thermostatic plate.
Wherein, two dull and stereotyped heat flow meters 4 are two identical, its area is unanimous with being tested the piece, can press from both sides sample 5 between two dull and stereotyped heat flow meters 4, the hole size of heat preservation frame 3 is unanimous with sample 5 and dull and stereotyped heat flow meter 4, can make the dull and stereotyped heat flow meter 4 combination that accompanies sample 5 can inlay in the hole of heat preservation frame 3, thermostated plate 2 is two identical cavity metal sheets, its size is unanimous with the external dimension of heat preservation frame 3, when cliping heat preservation frame 3 of inlaying sample 5/dull and stereotyped heat flow meter 4 combination with two thermostated plates 2, its common combination presents as a six cubic, this cubic is fixed in unable adjustment base 1 by clamping device.
The flowing condition of water between the thermostatic device and the thermostatic plate is specifically that the water enters the thermostatic plate 2 through the water inlet pipe 29 by means of power provided by the water pump from the thermostatic device, flows out of the thermostatic plate 2 after sequentially passing through the three-way valve 12, the first connecting hose, the first fluid channel 6, the second connecting hose and the three-way valve 12 when entering the thermostatic plate 2, and then returns to the water tank 8 of the thermostatic device through the water outlet pipe 30.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a composite phase change material latent heat survey device mainly is that the structural style that adopts sandwich is cliied with two flat heat flow meter 4 of the same area respectively on the both sides of composite phase change material's sample, two blocks of the bigger constant temperature aluminum plate of area of outer reuse of flat heat flow meter 4 are hugged closely fixedly, can set up a recess on the constant temperature aluminum plate, flat heat flow meter 4 is built-in the recess, flat heat flow meter 4 and sample 5 use heat preservation thermal insulation material to seal all around, fix at constant temperature aluminum plate central zone, sample 5's temperature is by constant temperature aluminum plate accurate control, constant temperature aluminum plate's temperature is by constant temperature equipment accurate control, flat heat flow meter 4 measures the size of the heat flow volume of sample 5 lift temperature in-process business turn over.
By applying the same temperature to both sides of the sample 5 through the constant temperature plates 2, after the entire temperature reaches equilibrium, the temperature of both sides of the sample 5 is simultaneously raised/lowered by the same temperature (1-2 ℃), and the total heat flux passing through the surface of the sample 5 in the entire process of re-reaching the temperature equilibrium is measured using the flat plate heat flow meter 4. The temperature of two sides of the sample 5 is changed for multiple times, the corresponding total heat flux under a series of temperatures is sequentially measured in the range of the phase change temperature +/-10 ℃, the heat absorbed (or released) by the temperature rise (or temperature drop) of each stage of the test block is calculated according to the heat flux, and then the heat absorbed (or released) by the flat heat flow meter 4 and other materials (such as packaging materials and heat insulation materials) in the process is deducted, so that the sensible heat and the latent heat of the sample 5 can be calculated. And then, the temperature rise (or decrease) stage of the sample in which the absorbed (or released) heat value changes suddenly is found by observing the heat quantity absorbed (or released) by the test block in each temperature rise (or decrease) stage, so that the phase change temperature range of the sample can be judged, the absolute heat quantity absorbed/released by the composite phase change material sample in a series of small-amplitude temperature rise/decrease processes is measured by using a flat heat flow meter 4, and the sensible heat and the latent heat of the sample are obtained by simple calculation through a formula.
The two flat plate heat flow meters 4 and the sample 5 have the same area, and here, the areas of the surfaces of the sample 5 in contact with the flat plate heat flow meters 4 are the same and are both in the specification of 100mm × 100mm, and the thickness of the sample 5 is controlled to be 10 to 20mm and sandwiched between the two flat plate heat flow meters 4.
In order to further optimize the above solution, the first fluid channel 6 includes a first sub fluid channel disposed in the first thermostatic plate and a second sub fluid channel disposed in the second thermostatic plate, the first sub fluid channel and the second sub fluid channel are U-shaped channels or W-shaped channels or serpentine channels, the thermostatic fluid circulates from the first sub fluid channel and the second sub fluid channel and flows back to the thermostatic device, further energy saving and pollution reduction are achieved by using a circulating system, wherein the first sub fluid channel and the second sub fluid channel are both multi-curved, the flow stroke of the thermostatic fluid in the thermostatic plate 2 is increased, the thermostatic effect is improved, specifically, the thermostatic fluid can be extracted from the thermostatic device through a water inlet pipe 29 and then supplied to the first sub fluid channel 13 and the second sub fluid channel through a three-way valve 12, and similarly, when the thermostatic fluid has been circulated out, it is also collected in a water outlet pipe 30 via a three-way valve and flows back into the thermostatic device.
In order to further optimize the above scheme, the constant temperature fluid is constant temperature water, the water with high specific heat is used as the cold/heat source of the constant temperature plate 2, the temperature of the constant temperature plate 2 can be accurately controlled (the error is within ± 0.05 ℃), and the water tank 8 for holding the water 32 and the cold source device and the temperature control device for controlling the water temperature to change the water 32 into the constant temperature water are arranged in the constant temperature device. The water tank 8 can also be called as a circulating water tank, wherein the outer wall of the water tank 8 is coated with a heat insulation material layer 25, the water tank 8 is made of stainless steel, the cold source device comprises a top cover 28, a refrigerator 33 and an ice-water mixed water tank 7, the top cover 28 is made of polyphenyl materials and is used for isolating heat exchange between constant-temperature circulating water and the outside, the ice-water mixed water tank 7 is placed at the bottom of the refrigerator 33, the water tank 8 is placed above the ice-water mixed water tank 7, a heat exchange pipe is arranged between the water tank 8 and the ice-water mixed water tank 7, the top cover 28 covers an opening above the refrigerator 33, water 32 in the water tank 8 flows through the heat exchange pipe 23 from water in the ice-water mixed water tank 7, flows through the heat exchange pipe 23 immersed in an ice-water mixture in the ice-water mixed water tank 7 and then. The refrigerator 33 mainly supplies cold for the ice water in the ice-water mixed water tank 7, can keep the state of ice-water blending for a long time, and mainly functions to cool the water 32, the temperature control device 9 mainly functions to heat the water 32, and the water 32 in the water tank 8 is changed into constant-temperature water through the cold source device and the temperature control device 9. Wherein, temperature control device 9 includes temperature controller, heating pipe 26 and temperature sensor 21, and heating pipe 26 sets up the top at the bottom of basin 8, and the temperature controller receives the signal of temperature sensor 21 and heats according to signal control heating pipe 26, and the outside of heating pipe 26 is covered with aluminium net 34 that is used for the filtration. The temperature sensor 21 is a PT100 temperature sensor, the PT100 temperature sensor is an existing product, and a temperature rise program is built in the temperature controller to control temperature rise. The ice-water mixture 22 in the ice-water mixed water tank 7 is used as a cold source of the water tank 8, and controls the temperature of the water 32 in the water tank 8 together with the heating pipe 26, and the precision is controlled within +/-0.05 ℃.
Wherein, the water tank 8 is supported above the ice water mixing water tank 7 by two U-shaped stainless steel pipes 35, four vertical pipes of the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes 35 penetrate through the bottom of the water tank 8, the length of the vertical pipes exposed in the water tank 8 is the same as the height of water in the water tank 8, the vertical pipes are welded and sealed with the bottom of the water tank 8, two horizontal pipes of the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes 35 are immersed and supported at the bottom of the ice water mixing water tank 7, the heat exchange pipe 23 is two U-shaped stainless steel pipes 35, the U-shaped stainless steel pipes 35 are made of stainless steel, the cross section of the U-shaped stainless steel pipes is rectangular, the bottom of the U-shaped stainless steel pipes is placed in the ice water, the supporting effect is good, the special heat exchanger 23 can be omitted by using the part of the U-shaped stainless steel pipes 35 which support the water tank 8 and are immersed in the ice water mixture 22 as a heat, moreover, a vertical pipe of each U-shaped stainless steel pipe 35 is provided with a water inlet 24 and a first water outlet 27, the height of the first water outlet 27 is higher than that of the water inlet 24, the other vertical pipe is provided with a second water outlet 31, the water 32 entering the water inlet 24 is divided into two paths, one part of the water 32 is sprayed out from the first water outlet 27 to the water tank 8, the other part of the water 32 passes through the bottom of the U-shaped stainless steel pipe 35 and then is sprayed back to the water tank 8 through the second water outlet 31 arranged on the other vertical pipe, the water outlet directions of the four water outlets on the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes 35 are vertically arranged in pairs and are sprayed out along the horizontal direction, the water in the water tank 8 is stirred to form circulation, for example, the water outlets rotate in the counterclockwise direction, the first water outlet sprays water to the west, the second water outlet sprays water to the south, the third water outlet, this forms a circular flow, which results in a more uniform mixing of the water in the circulating water bath 8, without the need for stirring means. The power of the water in the heat exchange tubes 23 is provided by a cooling pump.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a still provide a composite phase change material latent heat measuring method, include: step 1) preparing a sample 5, wherein the butt joint area of the sample 5 and a flat plate heat flow meter 4 is the same as the working area of the flat plate heat flow meter 4; step 2), calibrating a flat plate heat flow meter 4; step 3) clamping a sample 5 by using two flat plate heat flow meters 4, clamping the two flat plate heat flow meters 4 by using two constant temperature plates 2, controlling the temperature of constant temperature water by using a constant temperature device, and realizing constant temperature of the constant temperature plates 2 through the constant temperature water in a first fluid channel 6 inside; step 4), a testing step: firstly, the temperature of the fluid in the water tank 8 controlled by a temperature controller in the constant temperature device is set, so that the temperature in the water tank 8 can be ensured to be stabilized within the range of +/-0.05 ℃ of each test temperature; secondly, in the temperature rise test process, the initial temperature is at least reduced by 10 ℃ from the melting temperature of the sample 5; in the cooling test process, the initial temperature is at least from the solidification temperature plus 10 ℃ of the sample 5; taking the composite phase change material with the measured nominal phase change temperature of A ℃ as an example, firstly determining a test temperature range of M-N ℃ and a temperature rise interval L ℃, and determining a series of test temperatures such as M ℃, M + L ℃, M +2L ℃, etc., wherein M ℃ is less than A ℃ and N ℃ is less than N ℃; controlling the water temperature of the circulating water tank 8 at M ℃, and recording to obtain a horizontal line with an ordinate value close to zero when the total heat entering the sample 5 through the two flat plate heat flow meters 4 is zero after the temperature of the thermostatic plate 2, the flat plate heat flow meter 4 and the sample 5 is balanced; setting the temperature of the water tank 8 at M + L ℃, immediately starting to measure and record the total heat entering the sample 5 through the two flat plate heat flow meters 4, and when the three of the constant temperature plate 2, the flat plate heat flow meter 4 and the sample 5 reach new balance again at new temperature, the measured total heat is the total heat required when the temperature of the sample 5 and the flat plate heat flow meter 4 is increased from M ℃ to M + L ℃; sixthly, measuring and recording the total heat entering the sample through two flat heat flow meters 4 in each temperature rise process of M + L-M +2L ℃, M + 2L-M +3L ℃, N-2L-N-L ℃, and N-L-N ℃ by using the same method, and obtaining the heat absorption condition of the composite phase change material in each temperature rise process by calculation, wherein the heat absorption condition comprises sensible heat before and after phase change of the material and latent heat in the phase change process; 7. after the temperature rise test process is finished, setting the temperature of the circulating water tank 8 at N ℃, keeping the temperature balance among the constant temperature plate 2, the flat plate heat flow meter 4 and the sample 5, then starting to measure the temperature reduction and heat release conditions of the composite phase change material, reducing the temperature by L ℃, measuring the total heat of the sample flowing out through the two flat plate heat flow meters 4 in each temperature reduction process of M + 2L-M + L ℃, M + L-M ℃ and M + L-M ℃ every time, and calculating the sensible heat and latent heat of the composite phase change material; step 5) the calculation method comprises the following steps: the total heat absorbed/released by the composite phase change material in each temperature rise/fall process can be calculated by the following formula:
Or
In the formula:
h is heat absorbed/released by the composite phase change material in the temperature rising/reducing process, kJ/kg;
qi,1,qi,2measurement reading of two plate heat flow meters 4, W/m2；
qeq,1,qeq,2Baseline reading at temperature equilibrium of two plate heat flow meters 4, W/m2；
Δ t — time interval, s, recorded by flat plate heat flow meter 4 measurements;
a-area of the plate heat flow meter 4, m2；
m is the mass of the sample, kg;
rho-density of the sample, kg/m3；
d-thickness of the sample, m;
Cp,1,Cp,2the specific heat capacity of the plate heat flow meter 4, kJ/kg;
Δ T-temperature difference of temperature rise/fall at each stage, ° C;
Cothother auxiliary materials, such as the specific heat capacity of the sample container, the insulating frame material, kJ/kg;
n-number of measurements recorded;
and (4) plotting the calculated total heat h of each temperature rise/fall and the corresponding temperature difference delta T to obtain the heat absorption/release condition of the sample in the whole process, namely measuring the latent heat of the composite phase change material.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a compound phase change material latent heat determination method mainly is that the structural style that adopts sandwich is cliied with two flat heat flow meter 4 of the same area respectively on the both sides of compound phase change material's sample, two blocks of the bigger constant temperature aluminum plate of area of outer reuse of flat heat flow meter 4 are hugged closely fixedly, can set up a recess on the constant temperature aluminum plate, flat heat flow meter 4 is built-in the recess, flat heat flow meter 4 and sample 5 use heat preservation thermal insulation material to seal all around, fix at constant temperature aluminum plate central zone, the temperature of sample 5 is by constant temperature aluminum plate accurate control, constant temperature aluminum plate's temperature is by constant temperature equipment accurate control, the size of the heat flow of dull and stereotyped heat flow meter 4 measurement sample 5 lift temperature in-process business turn over, gather flat heat flow meter 4 measuring data and can obtain compound phase change material latent heat through calculating, accomplish. The embodiment of the utility model provides a composite phase change material latent heat survey method can realize: 1) by directly measuring a large composite phase change material sample, the error caused by too small sampling amount of a DSC method is reduced, and the thermophysical property of the composite phase change material is truly reflected; 2) the method is suitable for testing the heat storage performance of most composite phase change materials, wherein the composite phase change materials comprise composite phase change materials which are encapsulated by microcapsules and solidified by porous media, and building envelope materials made of doped composite phase change materials such as cement mortar and gypsum; 3) the phase change temperature, the latent heat and the specific heat of the solid-liquid state of the composite phase change material can be obtained through measurement and calculation. 4) The composite phase change material sample can be directly tested without a reference; 5) the device is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, the operation is convenient, and the automation degree is high.
In order to further optimize the scheme, different types of samples are measured, and the step 1) also comprises the steps that when the sample 5 is prepared, the sample 5 can be cut into a plate with the same size as the area of the flat-plate heat flow meter 4 and the thickness of 10-20mm for a solid-state composite sample, and the solid-state composite sample is directly tested; for the sample with solid-liquid phase change, a thin-wall box-shaped container with the same external dimension as the plate is prepared, and the sample is melted and poured into the container for testing.
In the specific implementation, taking a certain sample as an example, the specific use process is as follows:
(1) preparation of sample 5: for a solid composite sample, such as a gypsum board or a concrete test block doped with a microcapsule phase change material, a sample 5 can be cut into a plate with the same size as the area of a flat heat flow meter 4 and the thickness of 10-20mm, and the test can be directly carried out; for samples which generate solid-liquid phase change, such as paraffin or biomass phase change materials, a thin-wall box-shaped container with the same appearance size as the plate needs to be prepared, and the samples 5 are melted and poured into the container for testing;
(2) calibrating a heat flow meter: calibrating the coefficients of the heat flow meter according to the use instruction of the flat-plate heat flow meter 4;
(3) the testing steps are as follows:
1. Before the composite phase change material latent heat measuring device is used, the control temperature of a temperature controller is set well, and the water temperature in the circulating water tank 8 is ensured to be stabilized within the range of +/-0.05 ℃ of each test temperature;
2. during the temperature rise test, the initial temperature starts at least from the melting temperature of the sample 5 minus 10 ℃; in the cooling test process, the initial temperature is at least from the solidification temperature plus 10 ℃ of the sample 5;
3. taking the example of measuring the composite phase change material with the nominal phase change temperature of 25 ℃, firstly, a test temperature range (such as 15-35 ℃) and a temperature rise interval (such as 2 ℃) are determined, and then a series of test temperatures are determined, such as 15, 17, 19.
4. Controlling the water temperature of the circulating water tank 8 at 15 ℃, and recording to obtain a horizontal line with an ordinate value close to zero when the total heat entering the sample 5 through the two flat plate heat flow meters 4 is zero after the constant temperature aluminum plate, the flat plate heat flow meter 4 and the sample 5 reach a balance temperature;
5. setting the temperature of the circulating water tank 8 at 17 ℃, immediately starting to measure and record the total heat entering the sample 5 through the two flat plate heat flow meters 4, and when the constant temperature aluminum plate, the flat plate heat flow meters 4 and the sample 5 reach new balance again at new temperature, the measured total heat is the total heat required when the temperature of the sample 5 and the flat plate heat flow meters 4 is increased from 15 ℃ to 17 ℃;
6. Measuring and recording the total heat entering the sample 5 through the two flat plate heat flow meters 4 in each section of temperature rise process at 33-35 ℃ by using the same method, wherein the total heat enters the sample 5 through 17-19, 19-21,. once.;
7. after the temperature rise test process is finished, setting the temperature of the circulating water tank 8 at 35 ℃, keeping the temperature balance among the constant-temperature aluminum plate, the flat plate heat flow meter 4 and the sample 5, then starting to measure the temperature reduction and heat release conditions of the composite phase-change material, reducing the temperature by 2 ℃ every time, measuring the total heat of the sample flowing out through the two flat plate heat flow meters 4 in each cooling process of 17-15 ℃, and calculating the sensible heat and the latent heat of the composite phase-change material;
(4) the calculation method comprises the following steps:
the total heat absorbed/released by the composite phase change material in each temperature rise/fall process can be calculated by the following formula:
or
In the formula:
h is heat absorbed/released by the composite phase change material in the temperature rising/reducing process, kJ/kg;
qi,1,qi,2measurement reading of two plate heat flow meters 4, W/m2；
qeq,1,qeq,2Baseline reading at temperature equilibrium of two plate heat flow meters 4, W/m 2；
Δ t — time interval, s, recorded by flat plate heat flow meter 4 measurements;
a-plateArea of heat flow meter 4, m2；
m is the mass of sample 5, kg;
rho-density of sample 5, kg/m3；
d-thickness of sample 5, m;
Cp,1,Cp,2the specific heat capacity of the plate heat flow meter 4, kJ/kg;
Δ T-temperature difference of temperature rise/fall at each stage, ° C;
Cothother auxiliary materials, such as the specific heat capacity of the container holding the sample 5, the material of the heat-insulating frame 3, kJ/kg;
n-number of measurements recorded.
The total heat h of each section of temperature rise/drop obtained through calculation is plotted with the corresponding temperature difference delta T, and the heat absorption/release condition of the sample in the whole process can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a test result diagram of the enthalpy value of a certain sample measured by the composite phase-change material latent heat measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention, in fig. 5, the temperature rise process is arranged above the 0 scale mark of the X axis, the temperature drop process is arranged below the 0 scale mark of the X axis, the melting temperature of the sample can be seen from 26-28 ℃, the solidification temperature is 25-27 ℃, and the sensible heat of the sample can be calculated to be about 2.0kJ/kg, and the latent heat is 219 kJ/kg.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A latent heat measuring device for a composite phase change material, comprising:
a fixed base (1), a flat-plate heat flow meter (4), a heat preservation frame (3), a thermostatic plate (2), a thermostatic device, a data acquisition instrument (10), a clamping device (14) and a calculating device (11),
wherein,
the flat heat flow meter (4), the heat preservation frame (3) and the thermostatic plate (2) are all fixed in the fixed base (1) in a built-in mode,
the thermostatic plate (2) comprises a first thermostatic plate and a second thermostatic plate which are arranged at intervals, the flat-plate heat flow meter (4) comprises a first flat-plate heat flow meter and a second flat-plate heat flow meter which have the same area and are arranged at intervals, the first flat-plate heat flow meter and the second flat-plate heat flow meter are arranged between the first thermostatic plate and the second thermostatic plate, a sample (5) is arranged between the first flat-plate heat flow meter and the second flat-plate heat flow meter, and the first thermostatic plate, the first flat-plate heat flow meter, the sample (5), the second flat-plate heat flow meter and the second thermostatic plate are sequentially attached to contact and are clamped and fixed by the clamping device (14),
the heat preservation frame (3) seals the periphery of the sample (5) and the first flat plate heat flow meter and the second flat plate heat flow meter,
The first thermostatic plate and the second thermostatic plate are respectively provided with a first fluid channel (6) used for flowing of thermostatic fluid, the first fluid channel (6) is communicated with the thermostatic device to extract the thermostatic fluid from the thermostatic device,
a plurality of groups of thermocouples are arranged on the surface of the sample (5),
the data acquisition instrument (10) is used for acquiring data of the thermocouple, the first flat plate heat flow meter and the second flat plate heat flow meter, and the computing device (11) receives the data acquired by the data acquisition instrument (10) and computes a test result.
2. The latent heat measuring apparatus of a composite phase change material according to claim 1, wherein the first fluid channel (6) includes a first sub fluid channel (13) provided in the first thermostatic plate and a second sub fluid channel provided in the second thermostatic plate,
the first sub-fluid channel (13) and the second sub-fluid channel are U-shaped channels or W-shaped channels or serpentine channels,
the constant temperature fluid flows out of the constant temperature device, flows through the first sub fluid channel (13) and the second sub fluid channel and then flows back into the constant temperature device.
3. The latent heat measuring apparatus for a composite phase change material according to claim 1, wherein the constant temperature fluid is constant temperature water, and a water tank (8) for containing water and a cooling source apparatus and a temperature control apparatus (9) for controlling water temperature are built in the constant temperature apparatus.
4. The device for determining the latent heat of the composite phase change material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cold source device comprises a top cover (28), a refrigerator (33) and an ice-water mixed water tank (7), the ice-water mixed water tank (7) is placed at the bottom of the refrigerator (33), the water tank (8) is placed above the ice-water mixed water tank (7), a heat exchange tube (23) is arranged between the water tank (8) and the ice-water mixed water tank (7), the top cover (28) covers an opening above the refrigerator (33), and water in the water tank (8) flows through the heat exchange tube (23) immersed in the ice-water mixture in the ice-water mixed water tank (7) and then returns to the water tank (8).
5. The device for determining the latent heat of the composite phase change material according to claim 4, wherein the water tank (8) is supported above the ice-water mixed water tank (7) by using two U-shaped stainless steel pipes (35), four vertical pipes of the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes (35) penetrate through the bottom of the water tank (8), the length of the vertical pipes exposed in the water tank (8) is equal to the height of water in the water tank (8), the vertical pipes are welded and sealed with the bottom of the water tank (8), two horizontal pipes of the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes (35) are immersed and supported at the bottom of the ice-water mixed water tank (7), and the heat exchange pipes (23) are the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes (35).
6. The latent heat measuring device of claim 5, wherein a water inlet (24) and a first water outlet (27) are provided on one vertical pipe of each U-shaped stainless steel pipe (35), the height of the first water outlet (27) is higher than that of the water inlet (24), a second water outlet (31) is provided on the other vertical pipe, a part of the water entering the water inlet (24) is sprayed into the water tank (8) from the first water outlet (27), the other part of the water passes through the bottom of the U-shaped stainless steel pipe (35) and then is sprayed back into the water tank (8) from the second water outlet (31) provided on the other vertical pipe, the water outlet directions of the four water outlets on the two U-shaped stainless steel pipes (35) are vertically arranged in pairs and are sprayed out in the horizontal direction, and the water in the water tank (8) is stirred, a circulating current is formed.
7. The device for determining latent heat of composite phase change material according to claim 3, wherein the temperature control device (9) comprises a temperature controller, a heating pipe (26) and a temperature sensor (21), the heating pipe (26) is disposed at the bottom of the water tank (8), and the temperature controller receives the signal of the temperature sensor (21) and controls the heating pipe (26) to heat according to the signal.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105372289A (en) * | 2015-11-21 | 2016-03-02 | 中国人民解放军第二炮兵工程大学 | Apparent specific heat capacity measurement correction method for energetic material |
| CN105424741A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-23 | 深圳市建筑科学研究院股份有限公司 | Test device and test method for latent heat of composite phase-change material |
| CN106595907A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 西安交通大学 | Heat exchange amount measurement device used in pool boiling experiment research and measurement method thereof |
| CN109507224A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-22 | 谭丽娟 | A kind of building materials volatility detection method |
| CN115372409A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-22 | 中南大学 | Device and method for simultaneously measuring solid-liquid two-phase temperature-change thermal conductivity of phase-change material |
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2015
- 2015-12-24 CN CN201521096533.0U patent/CN205333549U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105372289A (en) * | 2015-11-21 | 2016-03-02 | 中国人民解放军第二炮兵工程大学 | Apparent specific heat capacity measurement correction method for energetic material |
| CN105372289B (en) * | 2015-11-21 | 2018-06-08 | 中国人民解放军第二炮兵工程大学 | The measurement modification method that a kind of energetic material apparent specific heat holds |
| CN105424741A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-23 | 深圳市建筑科学研究院股份有限公司 | Test device and test method for latent heat of composite phase-change material |
| CN105424741B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-11-20 | 深圳市建筑科学研究院股份有限公司 | A kind of composite phase-change material latent heat measurement device and measuring method |
| CN106595907A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 西安交通大学 | Heat exchange amount measurement device used in pool boiling experiment research and measurement method thereof |
| CN106595907B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-09-20 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of heat exchange amount measuring device and measuring method in pool boiling experimental study |
| CN109507224A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-22 | 谭丽娟 | A kind of building materials volatility detection method |
| CN109507224B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-04-02 | 苏州市相城检测股份有限公司 | Building material volatility detection method |
| CN115372409A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-22 | 中南大学 | Device and method for simultaneously measuring solid-liquid two-phase temperature-change thermal conductivity of phase-change material |
| CN115372409B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-08-25 | 中南大学 | Device and method for simultaneously measuring solid-liquid phase temperature thermal conductivity of phase change material |
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