CN205261968U - 热泵型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组 - Google Patents
热泵型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组 Download PDFInfo
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- CN205261968U CN205261968U CN201520927287.2U CN201520927287U CN205261968U CN 205261968 U CN205261968 U CN 205261968U CN 201520927287 U CN201520927287 U CN 201520927287U CN 205261968 U CN205261968 U CN 205261968U
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- heat exchanger
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound 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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 229940084430 Four-Way Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型提供热泵型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，包括制冷系统、太阳能供热系统，所述的制冷系统包括压缩机、四通换向阀、第一换热器、太阳能换热器、布水器、冷凝风机、蒸发式冷凝器、热力膨胀阀、第二换热器；太阳能供热系统包括太阳能集热器、太阳能贮热装置、太阳能热水循环泵，采用平面液膜蒸发式冷凝技术和太阳能供热技术相结合，提供一种能同时提供冷热源，并具有热泵功能的蒸发式冷凝空调机组，即解决了蒸发式空调不能作为热泵用的问题，又解决了空气源热泵在低温环境下的效率低、易结霜的问题。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本实用新型涉及制冷空调设备，尤其涉及适用于四管制系统的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，本实用新型属于暖通空调领域。
背景技术
[0002]由于蒸发式冷凝空调设备具有节能、节水、制冷效果好、结构紧凑、容易安装维护和运行费用低等特点；应用蒸发式冷凝技术的中央空调与目前广泛应用的风冷空调系统、水冷空调系统相比，能够节能15%_35%;其技术原理采用平面液膜蒸发式冷凝技术，通过将冷凝器置于冷却塔箱体中，直接获得接近于湿球温度的冷却水温度，节省了大功率的冷却水系统功耗，实现了水冷式机组的高制冷效率和风冷式冷水机组的无需冷却水系统的优点;蒸发式冷凝空调设备在夏季利用蒸发冷凝技术具有上述优点，但在寒冷的冬季，其不能作为热栗制热使用。
[0003]然而，空气源热栗机组作为一种清洁、高效的能源，在我国得到了大范围的应用；空气源热栗机组要求在室外温度较宽的范围内都能稳定的运行，空气源热栗机组的室外换热器，受环境影响特别大，尤其是在低温环境下，影响制热工况的制热量，无法达到室内环境的舒适性要求;传统的处理方法是在室内机侧加装电加热补充热量来实现的，其缺点是没有从制冷系统上解决效率问题，低温工况能耗特别大，空气源热栗机组设计的初衷就是在满足舒适应要求的前提下达到节能减排，所以实现系统的安全稳定运行才是问题的关键。
[0004]因空气源热栗机组的四管制空调系统需要两套独立的冷热源，系统复杂；同时存在冷热抵消，系统效率低，是对能源的粗放式利用，能耗浪费严重，成本增加。
[0005] 目前，我国建筑供暖的主要能量来源仍然是煤炭、石油、天然气等，而传统矿物能源的储量已经非常有限；另一方面，我国拥有丰富的太阳能资源，超过2/3的国土面积上的太阳能年日照时数都在2200小时以上，具有较好的利用价值。
[0006]为了更好的解决上述蒸发式冷凝空调机组的问题，设计具有热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，解决蒸发冷凝技术与空气源热栗低温补充两者之间的矛盾问题，降低能耗和材料的成本是可行之举。
发明内容
[0007]本技术方案目的在于，基于现有空调机组的结构做进一步改进，采用平面液膜蒸发式冷凝技术和太阳能供热技术结合，提供一种能同时提供冷热源，并具有热栗功能的蒸发式冷凝空调机组，解决空气源热栗在低温环境下的效率低、易结霜的问题。
[0008]本实用新型的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:
[0009] —种热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，包括制冷系统、太阳能供热系统，所述的制冷系统包括压缩机、四通换向阀、第一换热器、太阳能换热器、布水器、冷凝风机、蒸发式冷凝器、热力膨胀阀、第二换热器;所述的压缩机的排气口和吸气口连接四通换向阀，所述的四通换向阀还连接有第一换热器、第二换热器，所述的第一换热器连接太阳能换热器与蒸发式冷凝器，其中太阳能换热器、蒸发式冷凝器并联后再连接热力膨胀阀，热力膨胀阀再连接第二换热器，第二换热器再连接四通换向阀;其特征在于:太阳能供热系统包括太阳能集热器、太阳能贮热装置、太阳能热水循环栗，太阳能热水循环栗出口连接太阳能换热器的进口、太阳能换热器出口连接太阳能贮热装置的进口，太阳能贮热装置的出口连接太阳能热水循环栗的进口，太阳能贮热装置连接太阳能集热器，太阳能集热器将太阳的辐射能转化为热能贮存在太阳能贮热装置中。
[0010]所述的蒸发式冷凝器上部设置布水器，侧面设置冷凝风机，所述的蒸发式冷凝器具有换热管及翅片。
[0011]所述的第一换热器、第二换热器是板式换热器或壳管式换热器或套管式换热器。
[0012]所述的蒸发式冷凝器是翅片管式或板管式或盘管式的蒸发式冷凝器。
[0013]所述的第一换热器、第二换热器提供的载冷剂是水或乙二醇或氯化钙形式的载冷剂。
[0014]本实用新型具有独特的优点和有益效果如下:
[0015] (1)、本技术方案热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，采用蒸发式冷凝器，取消了制冷主机外配的冷却塔、冷却水栗及冷却水管道及其附件等，将传统冷却水的外循环方式改为内循环方式，大大简化了冷却水系统，同时降低了冷却水的飘水损失，从而大大提高了空调系统的能效比；
[0016] (2)、采用平面液膜蒸发式冷凝技术，充分利用外层管外及翅片表面水膜的蒸发，只需较小的风量及较少的冷却水量通过传质和传热即可实现管内制冷剂的降温冷凝，无需冷却塔和大功率的冷却水栗、冷凝风机、水栗的配电动力及工程初期投资明显降低；
[0017] (3)、本技术方案与现有技术方案比较，还具有的优势在于，利用太阳能热水辅助溶液，即解决了蒸发式空调不能作为热栗用的问题，又解决了空气源热栗在低温环境下的效率低、易结霜的问题;不论是在制冷工况，还是在制热工况，都能同时提供热水、冷水，实现能源利用的最大化，解决全年冷、热需求;(4)、本技术方案系统能效比高:标准工况下整机能效比达3.5-4.5，比水冷式机组节能20%以上，更比一般风冷式机组节能35%以上。
附图说明
[0018]图1为热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组制冷工况的原理示意图；
[0019]图2为热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组制热工况的原理示意图；
[0020]图中附图标记的含义为:
[0021] I—压缩机、2 —四通换向阀、3 —第一换热器、4 一太阳能集热器、5 —太阳能贮热装置、6 —太阳能热水循环栗、7—太阳能换热器、8—布水器、9 一冷凝风机、10—蒸发式冷凝器、11 一热力膨胀阀、12 —第二换热器、201 —制冷系统、301 —太阳能供热系统。
具体实施方式
[0022]下面结合说明书附图详述本实用新型技术方案:
[0023]由图1、图2所示，热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，包括制冷系统(201)、太阳能供热系统(301)，所述的制冷系统(201)包括压缩机(1)、四通换向阀(2)、第一换热器(3)、太阳能换热器(7)、布水器(8)、冷凝风机(9)、蒸发式冷凝器(10)、热力膨胀阀(11)、第二换热器(12);所述的压缩机(I)的排气口和吸气口连接四通换向阀(2)，所述的四通换向阀(2)还连接有第一换热器(3)、第二换热器(12)，所述的第一换热器(3)连接太阳能换热器(7)与蒸发式冷凝器(10)，其中太阳能换热器(7)、蒸发式冷凝器(10)并联后再连接热力膨胀阀
(11)，热力膨胀阀(11)再连接第二换热器(12)，第二换热器(12)再连接四通换向阀(2);其特征在于:太阳能供热系统(301)包括太阳能集热器(4)、太阳能贮热装置(5)、太阳能热水循环栗(6)，太阳能热水循环栗(6)出口连接太阳能换热器(7)的进口、太阳能换热器(7)出口连接太阳能贮热装置(5)的进口，太阳能贮热装置(5)的出口连接太阳能热水循环栗(6)的进口，太阳能贮热装置(5)连接太阳能集热器(4)，太阳能集热器(4)将太阳的辐射能转化为热能贮存在太阳能贮热装置(5)中。
[0024]当制冷工况时，通过第一换热器(3)提供热水，通过第二换热器(12)提供冷水；当制热工况时，通过第一换热器(3)提供冷水，通过第二换热器(12)提供热水。
[0025]进一步地，制冷工况时，所述的压缩机(I)排出的高温高压的气态制冷剂经四通换向阀(2)进入第一换热器(3)，放出部分热量，再进入蒸发式冷凝器(10)，放出剩余的冷凝热，变成高压的制冷剂液体;高压的制冷剂液体经过热力膨胀阀(11)变成低压的制冷剂液体，进入第二换热器(12)，吸收热量变成低压的制冷剂气体，再经过四通换向阀(2)进入压缩机。
[0026]进一步地，所述的第一换热器(3)中的水吸收制冷剂放出的热量变成高温的热水，供用户使用；剩余的冷凝热被蒸发式冷凝器(10)外的空气及冷却水带走;所述的第二换热器(12)中的水被制冷剂吸收热量，变成低温的冷水，供用户使用。
[0027]当冷却水通过布水器(8)均匀的被喷淋在蒸发式冷凝器(10)热管及翅片表面，在换热管及翅片表面形成一层很薄的水膜，从上至下流动，同时，冷凝风机(9)带动空气掠过换热管及翅片表面促使水膜蒸发，利用冷却水的蒸发带走冷凝热量。
[0028]进一步地，当制热工况时，压缩机(I)排出的高温高压的气态制冷剂经四通换向阀
(2)进入第二换热器(12)，放出热量，变成高压的制冷剂液体，高压的制冷剂液体经过热力膨胀阀(11)变成低压的制冷剂液体，当室外空气温度较高时，低压的制冷剂液体进入蒸发式冷凝器(10)，当室外空气较低存在结霜或换热效率过低时，低压的制冷剂液体进入太阳能换热器(7)，吸收热量变成低压的制冷剂气液混合体，再经过第一换热器(3)，再吸收热量变成低压的制冷剂气体，再经过四通换向阀(2)进入压缩机(I)。
[0029]所述的第二换热器(12 )中的水吸收制冷剂放出的热量，变成高温的热水，供用户使用;所述的第一换热器(3)中的水被制冷剂吸收热量，变成低温的冷水，供用户使用;所述的太阳能贮热装置(5)中的热水被制冷剂吸收热量，温度逐渐降低，第二天再次吸收太阳能热量，变成热水IC存热量。
[0030]进一步地，当制热工况时，制冷剂反向循环，布水器(8)停止喷水，蒸发式冷凝器
(10)作为蒸发器，吸收空气中的热量，当空气温度较低可能导致蒸发器结霜时，太阳能热水循环栗(6)启动，太阳能热水作为辅助热源进入太阳能换热器(7)，太阳能换热器(7)作为蒸发器吸收太阳能贮热装置(5)中水的热量，解决空气源热栗在低温环境下的效率低、易结霜的问题。
[0031]综上所述，以上实施例仅是本实用新型的优选实施方式之一，并未对此技术方案做进一步地限制，在本领域内对该技术方案进行的常规变化和非实质性的替换都应包括在本专利申请的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，包括制冷系统(201)、太阳能供热系统(301)，所述的制冷系统(201)包括压缩机(1)、四通换向阀(2)、第一换热器(3)、太阳能换热器(7)、布水器(8)、冷凝风机(9)、蒸发式冷凝器(10)、热力膨胀阀(11)、第二换热器(12);所述的压缩机(I)的排气口和吸气口连接四通换向阀(2)，所述的四通换向阀(2)还连接有第一换热器(3)、第二换热器(12)，所述的第一换热器(3)连接太阳能换热器(7)与蒸发式冷凝器(10)，其中太阳能换热器(7)、蒸发式冷凝器(10)并联后再连接热力膨胀阀(11)，热力膨胀阀(11)再连接第二换热器(12)，第二换热器(12)再连接四通换向阀(2);其特征在于:太阳能供热系统(301)包括太阳能集热器(4)、太阳能贮热装置(5)、太阳能热水循环栗(6)，太阳能热水循环栗(6)出口连接太阳能换热器(7)的进口、太阳能换热器(7)出口连接太阳能贮热装置(5)的进口，太阳能贮热装置(5)的出口连接太阳能热水循环栗(6)的进口，太阳能贮热装置(5)连接太阳能集热器(4)，太阳能集热器(4)将太阳的福射能转化为热能IC存在太阳能IC热装置(5)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:所述的蒸发式冷凝器(10)上部设置布水器(8)，侧面设置冷凝风机(9)，所述的蒸发式冷凝器(10)具有换热管及翅片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:所述的第一换热器(3)、第二换热器(12)是板式换热器或壳管式换热器或套管式换热器。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:所述的蒸发式冷凝器(10)是翅片管式或板管式或盘管式的蒸发式冷凝器。
5.根据权利要求1和3所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:所述的第一换热器(3)、第二换热器(12)提供的载冷剂是水或乙二醇或氯化钙形式的载冷剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:当制冷工况时，通过第一换热器(3)提供热水，通过第二换热器(12)提供冷水；当制热工况时，通过第一换热器(3)提供冷水，通过第二换热器(12)提供热水。
7.根据权利要求1所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:制冷工况时，所述的压缩机(I)排出的高温高压的气态制冷剂经四通换向阀(2)进入第一换热器(3)，放出部分热量，再进入蒸发式冷凝器(10)，放出剩余的冷凝热，变成高压的制冷剂液体;高压的制冷剂液体经过热力膨胀阀(11)变成低压的制冷剂液体，进入第二换热器(12)，吸收热量变成低压的制冷剂气体，再经过四通换向阀(2)进入压缩机。
8.根据权利要求1所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:冷却水通过布水器(8)均匀的被喷淋在蒸发式冷凝器(10)热管及翅片表面，在换热管及翅片表面形成一层很薄的水膜，从上至下流动，同时，冷凝风机(9)带动空气掠过换热管及翅片表面促使水膜蒸发，利用冷却水的蒸发带走冷凝热量。
9.根据权利要求1所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:当制热工况时，压缩机(I)排出的高温高压的气态制冷剂经四通换向阀(2)进入第二换热器(12)，放出热量，变成高压的制冷剂液体，高压的制冷剂液体经过热力膨胀阀(11)变成低压的制冷剂液体，当室外空气温度较高时，低压的制冷剂液体进入蒸发式冷凝器(10)，当室外空气较低存在结霜或换热效率过低时，低压的制冷剂液体进入太阳能换热器(7)，吸收热量变成低压的制冷剂气液混合体，再经过第一换热器(3)，再吸收热量变成低压的制冷剂气体，再经过四通换向阀(2)进入压缩机(I)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的热栗型太阳能蒸发式冷凝空调机组，其特征在于:当制热工况时，制冷剂反向循环，布水器(8)停止喷水，蒸发式冷凝器(10)作为蒸发器，吸收空气中的热量，当空气温度较低可能导致蒸发器结霜时，太阳能热水循环栗(6)启动，太阳能热水作为辅助热源进入太阳能换热器(7)，太阳能换热器(7)作为蒸发器吸收太阳能贮热装置(5)中水的热量。
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