CN205252907U

CN205252907U - Permeation separation system

Info

Publication number: CN205252907U
Application number: CN201520781722.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 内森·T·汉考克; 克里斯托弗·德劳尔
Original assignee: Oasys Water Inc
Current assignee: Oasys Water Inc
Priority date: 2014-10-10
Filing date: 2015-10-10
Publication date: 2016-05-25
Anticipated expiration: 2025-10-10
Also published as: WO2016057764A1

Abstract

The utility model discloses relate to permeation separation system by and large. More specifically, the utility model discloses a system that the aqueous solution separates the solute and is used for making solvent and/or solute rate of recovery maximize is followed to the infiltration drive membrane process that relates to the infiltration of use such as forward in the aspect of the one or more. The utility model discloses a permeation separation system includes: forward infiltration unit, it is including having first side at least one membrane with the second side, source that this first side flow sports association received first solution, and this second side flow sports association receives the source of drawing solution of concentration, and the piece -rate system, it is used for acceptting the rare solution that draws that comes from forward infiltration unit with forward infiltration unit fluid intercommunication and the quilt is constructed, and it includes: pressure driven's membrane device, it is including entry, first export and second export, and permeating auxiliary pressure driven's membrane device, it is with membrane device fluid intercommunication of pressure driven and including first entry, the second entrance, first export and second export.

Description

Permeability and separation system

Technical field

One or more aspects relate generally to permeability and separation. More particularly, one or more aspects relate to using such as the osmotic drive membrane process of forward osmosis and separate solute and for making solvent and/or the maximized system and method for the solute rate of recovery from the aqueous solution.

Background technology

Forward osmosis has been used to desalination. Conventionally, forward osmosis desalination processes relates to the container with two chambers that separated by pellicle. A chamber comprises seawater. Another chamber comprises concentrated solution, and this solution produces concentration gradient between seawater and concentrated solution. This gradient will be drawn by film from the water of seawater, described film optionally allow water (but not allowing salt) by and enter in concentrated solution. Gradually, the water that enters concentrated solution dilutes this solution. Then, solute is removed to generate drinking water from weak solution.

Utility model content

Aspect of the present utility model relates generally to the film system and method for osmotic drive, comprises that forward osmosis separates (FO), directly infiltration concentrated (DOC), the auxiliary forward osmosis (PAFO) of pressure and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO).

In one aspect, the utility model relates to a kind of for extract the system (method step corresponding with it) of solvent from the first solution infiltration. This system comprises multiple forward osmosis unit, and each forward osmosis unit has: the first Room, and it has fluid and is connected to the entrance in the source of the first solution; The second Room, it has fluid and is connected to the entrance in the concentrated source of drawing solution; And pellicle system, it separates and is configured to the first Room and the second Room from the first solution permeability and separation solvent, thereby is formed on the second solution in the first Room and the rare solution that draws in the second Room. This system also comprises piece-rate system, and this piece-rate system is communicated with described multiple forward osmosis unit fluid and is configured to rare solution that draws is separated into concentrated solution and the solvent streams drawn.

In various embodiments aspect aforementioned, concentrated draw ammonia and the carbon dioxide that solution comprises the required mol ratio in being greater than 1:1. But, in scope of the present utility model, imagine and consider that other draws solution, comprise for example NaCl or announce disclosed various alternative any in solution of drawing in No. WO2014/078415 (' 415 announce) in PCT patent, the disclosure of this patent is incorporated herein in full with way of reference. In addition imagination and consider for separating of drawing other system and method for solute and solvent with recovery for example disclosed those system and methods in ' 415 announce in scope of the present utility model. In addition various pretreatment and after-treatment system can be incorporated in aforementioned aspect of the present utility model. Pretreatment system can comprise at least one in following: for the thermal source of preheating the first solution, be used for the device of adjusting the first solution or drawing the pH value of solution, for sterilization (for example, chemistry or ultraviolet ray), separate and clarification device, for example, for filtering the filter of the first solution or other (installs, carbon or sandstone filter or counter-infiltration), for the device of polymer interpolation, ion-exchange, or for example, for softening the device of (, lime is softening) the first solution. After-treatment system can comprise at least one in following: counter-infiltration system, ion exchange system, the second forward osmosis system, Distallation systm, pervaporation device, mechanical steam recompression system, heat-exchange system or filtration system (for example, nanofiltration, micron filter or ultrafiltration). In additional embodiment, this system also can comprise cyclic utilization system, and it comprises absorber, and this absorber is configured to be conducive to be reintroduced to the second Room to maintain the required mol ratio of drawing solution by drawing solute.

Aspect another, the utility model relates to a kind of for permeate the maximized system of the rate of recovery of extracting solvent and making to draw solute from the first solution. This system comprises the forward osmosis unit with at least one film, and described at least one film has the first side and the second side. Described one or more film can be arranged to series connection, in parallel or both combination. The first side liquid of described at least one film is connected to the source of the first solution, and the second side liquid of described at least one film is connected to the concentrated source of drawing solution. Described at least one film is configured to from the first solution permeability and separation solvent, thereby is formed on the first more concentrated solution in the first side of described at least one film and the rare solution that draws in the second side of described at least one film. This system also comprises piece-rate system, and this piece-rate system is communicated with forward osmosis unit fluid and is configured to receives from rare solution that draws of forward osmosis unit. Piece-rate system comprises pressure-actuated film device, for example, one or more reverse osmosis units (for example, be arranged to series connection, in parallel or both combination), it is for independently or with other pressure-actuated film device being combined, and for example nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and/or micron filter to be applicable to specific application. Pressure-actuated film device comprises entrance, and this entrance is configured to receive rare Part I that draws solution. The auxiliary film device of pressure also comprises: the first outlet, and it is configured to export rare retentate part (the rare part of drawing solution, being retained by film) of drawing solution; With the second outlet, it is configured to export rare penetrant part (, passing rare part (solvent) of drawing solution of film under pressure) of drawing solution. Piece-rate system also comprises auxiliary pressure drive membrane (OAPDM) device of infiltration being communicated with pressure-actuated film device fluid. OAPDM device comprises: the first entrance, and it is configured to receive rare Part II that draws solution; The second entrance, it is configured to receive rare retentate part of drawing solution; The first outlet, it is configured to export rare solution that draws of further dilution; And second outlet, it is configured to export rare more concentrated retentate part of drawing solution (or the more concentrated solution that draws). Conventionally, Part I will be rare major part of drawing solution; But, this can change (to be for example applicable to specific application, the character of piece-rate system, the quantity of device etc.), and can be nearly all available rare solution that draws in some embodiments, wherein alternative solutions is used to provide infiltration booster action.

In various embodiments aspect aforementioned, second outlet of permeating auxiliary pressure-driven film device is communicated with the second side liquid of forward osmosis membranes, for the concentrated solution that draws is provided to forward osmosis unit. Piece-rate system also can comprise that valve is arranged and (for example, one or more valves, its with or without is for necessary sensor and the controller of operating valve) turn back to rare source of solvent of drawing for the solution that draws that makes further dilution. In some embodiments, further the drawing solution and can be directed to additional or alternative removal process of dilution. In other embodiments, rare Part II that draws solution is replaced by the alternative solution that draws, and the composition of this solution can customize for application-specific (the required pressure reduction of for example, offsetting on OAPDM device). In some embodiments, draw solution and can be directed to additional process/device from the concentrated again of OAPDM device output, for example evaporimeter or film salt solution inspissator, for further concentrated and/or solvent recovery.

In additional embodiment, piece-rate system also comprises one or more booster pumps and/or other pressure transfer device, and it is arranged between forward osmosis unit and pressure-actuated film device so that rare solution that draws is pressurizeed. Piece-rate system also can comprise one or more booster pumps and/or pressure transfer device, it is arranged on the first outlet of pressure-actuated film device and permeates between the second entrance of auxiliary pressure-driven film device, for improving the pressure of rare retentate part of drawing solution. In one or more embodiments, pressure-actuated film device comprises at least one RO unit. In some embodiments, multiple RO cell layouts become series connection, in parallel or their combination. In some embodiments, pressure-actuated film device comprises dissimilar pressure-actuated film device (for example, at least one nanofiltration unit of series connection and at least one reverse osmosis units). Conventionally be not basically contain any product solvent that draws solute from the penetrant part of pressure-actuated film device output. In various embodiments, rare solution and/or alternative saline solution of drawing can be customized or otherwise revise to produce concrete permeable pressure head on the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration with regard to rare drawing with regard to solution, this can allow again device to operate under higher hydraulic pressure, thereby obtains the retentate stream of higher concentration. In some embodiments, the ideal infiltration pressure reduction (Δ π) on the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration is zero, and this can realize the maximum net driving force that is applied to retentate stream. But actual Δ π will for example, change according to being incorporated into the total osmotic pressure of the saline solution that draws side (, film bag) that permeates auxiliary pressure-driven film device. In addition, this system can comprise multiple forward osmosis unit of arranged in series, and wherein the first solution is incorporated into each forward osmosis unit upstream with the concentrated solution that draws. In some embodiments, the concentrated charging of leaving last forward osmosis unit can be directed to additional process/device, and for example, crystallizer or spray dryer, for further concentrated.

On the other hand, the utility model relates to and a kind ofly extracts solvent and make to draw the maximized method of the rate of recovery of solute from the first solution. The method comprises provides forward osmosis unit, and it has all such at least one films as described above. Each in described one or more films in system has the first side and the second side, and wherein (multiple) film is configured to from the first solution permeability and separation solvent. The method is further comprising the steps of: the first side that the first solution is incorporated into forward osmosis membranes; To comprise draw solute concentrated and draw solution and be incorporated into the second side of forward osmosis membranes; Make to flow out to concentrated drawing in solution from a part for the solvent of the first solution across described at least one film, thereby be formed on the first more concentrated solution in the first side of described at least one film and the rare solution that draws in the second side of described at least one film; Rare Part I that draws solution is directed to pressure-actuated film device; The feed side of the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration will be incorporated into from rare retentate part of drawing solution of pressure-actuated film device under pressure; What rare Part II that draws solution was incorporated into the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration draws side to offset the total pressure head on the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration; And by the retentate export orientation from the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration to forward osmosis unit, wherein retentate output packet is containing drawing solute.

The various embodiments of the method comprise the following steps: rarely draw the Part II of solution and be back to rare source of solvent of drawing from the penetrant of the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration being output as product solvent from rare penetrant part of drawing solution of pressure-actuated film device and/or making. In some embodiments, the permeable pressure head on the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration can be conditioned to control the concentration level from the retentate of pressure-actuated film device, thereby controls the concentrated concentration of drawing solution that is directed to forward osmosis unit. In general, (maximum draws net pressure that the extra rate of recovery (byextensionrecovery) of solution concentration and solvent can be applied to retentate concentrated in the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration by increase, total driving force) to control, this can pass through J_w=A (Δ P-Δ π) represents wherein J_wBe illustrated in the flux on film, A represents membranous permeation rate (substantial constant), and Δ P is illustrated in the hydrostatic pressing on film, and Δ π is illustrated in the clean osmotic pressure on film. Δ π reduces by increasing rare salinity of drawing solution or alternative solutions, thereby can realize J_wIncrease and the extra recovery of solvent.

The advantage of other aspect, embodiment and these illustrative aspects and embodiment discusses in detail hereinafter. In addition, should be appreciated that above-mentioned information and following detailed description are all only the illustrative examples of various aspects and embodiment, and aim to provide summary or framework, for understanding essence and the feature of claimed aspect and embodiment. Therefore, by with reference to the following description and drawings, these and other objects and advantage of the present utility model disclosed herein and feature will become apparent. In addition, the feature that should be appreciated that various embodiments described herein is not mutually exclusive, and can various combination and permutation exist.

Brief description of the drawings

In the accompanying drawings, run through different views, similarly Reference numeral typically refers to identical part. In addition, accompanying drawing may not be drawn in proportion, and on the contrary, emphasis is conventionally principle of the present utility model is described, and is not intended to as the definition to boundary of the present utility model. For simple and clear object, not that each parts all carry out mark in every accompanying drawing. In the following description, describe various embodiment of the present utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is according to the schematic diagram of the system of the extraction of the infiltration for solvent of one or more embodiments of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is according to the schematic diagram of the alternative system of the extraction of the infiltration for solvent of one or more embodiments of the present utility model;

Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic representation that reduces the effect of the permeable pressure head on the auxiliary pressure-driven film device of infiltration;

Fig. 4 is according to the schematic diagram of another alternative system of the extraction of the infiltration for solvent of one or more embodiments of the present utility model; And

Fig. 5 is according to the schematic diagram of another alternative system of the extraction of the infiltration for solvent of one or more embodiments of the present utility model.

Detailed description of the invention

According to one or more embodiments, a kind of first surface that makes the aqueous solution be exposed to forward osmosis membranes that conventionally can relate to for the permeating method from extraction with aqueous solution water. There is the second solution of the concentration increasing with respect to the concentration of this aqueous solution or draws solution the second-phase effects on surface that can be exposed to forward osmosis membranes. Water can then be drawn by forward osmosis membranes and be entered the second solution by forward osmosis from the aqueous solution, thereby generates the rich aqueous solution, and forward osmosis utilization relates to the fluid hereditary property from the lower solution of concentration to the movement of the higher solution of concentration. The rich aqueous solution (also referred to as rare solution that draws) can be collected and experience further separation process to produce purified water in the first exit. The second product stream (that, exhaust or concentrated moisture Process liquor) can be collected in the second exit for discharge or further process. Alternatively, various system and method as herein described can be realized with non-aqueous solution.

According to one or more embodiments, forward osmosis film module can comprise one or more forward osmosis membranes. Forward osmosis membranes can be for example semi permeable conventionally, to allow water to pass through, but gets rid of the solute being dissolved in wherein, for example sodium chloride, ammonium carbonate, carbonic hydroammonium and aminoquinoxaline. Permitted eurypalynous pellicle and be applicable to this object, precondition is that they can allow solvent (for example water) to pass through, and stops passing through of solute simultaneously, and does not react with the solute in solution. In some embodiments, (multiple) film can have high selectivity penetration property, thereby allows above-mentioned solute to pass through film; But can maximize for charging chemistry such as, draw the performance of the system of the application-specific of solution chemistry, environmental condition etc. with the film of alternative types.

According to one or more embodiments, at least one forward osmosis membranes can be positioned in shell or housing. The size and dimension of shell can be set as adapting to be positioned at film wherein conventionally. For example, if shell screw winding forward osmosis membranes, shell can be substantially columniform. The shell of module can comprise for by charging with draw solution and provide to the entrance of module and the outlet for product stream is withdrawn from module. In some embodiments, shell can provide at least one reservoir or chamber, for keeping or storing the fluid that is introduced in module or withdraws from module. In at least one embodiment, shell can insulate.

According to one or more embodiments, forward osmosis film module conventionally can be constructed and arranged to make the first solution and the second solution respectively with the first side and second side contacts of pellicle. Although the first and second solution can keep not flowing, preferably, the first and second solution are all introduced by cross-current, that is, flow in the surface that is parallel to pellicle. This can increase the film contact surface area along one or more fluid flow path conventionally, thereby increases the efficiency of forward osmosis process. In some embodiments, the first and second solution can flow in the same direction. In other embodiments, the first and second solution can flow in the opposite direction. In at least some embodiments, on the both sides on film surface, can there is similar hydrodynamics. This can be by being strategically integrated in described one or more forward osmosis membranes in module or shell and realizing.

According to one or more embodiments, draw solute and can be recovered to reuse. Piece-rate system can be from rare solution reextraction solute that draws to produce the product water that does not basically contain described solute. In some embodiments, piece-rate system can comprise destilling tower or other calorifics or mechanical recovering mechanism. Drawing solute for example can follow and turn back to the concentrated solution that draws by cyclic utilization system. Gas solute can be concentrated or absorb to form the concentrated solution that draws. Absorber can use rare solution that draws as absorbent. In other embodiments, product water can be as all or part of absorbent of the absorption from the gas flow of solute cyclic utilization system. The example that comprises the different osmotic drive system of separation/recovery system is described to some extent in following patent: United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 391, No. 205, the 8th, 002, No. 989, the 9th, 039, No. 899 and the 9th, 044, No. 711; And U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0203994, No. 2012/0273417, No. 2012/0267306 and No. 2014/0224718; No. PCT/US15/45059th, the PCT patent application of submitting in No. PCT/US15/23542nd, the PCT patent application that on March 31st, 2015 submits to and on August 13rd, 2015; And the U.S. Provisional Patent Application the 62/163rd of submission on May 19th, 2015, No. 781, the disclosure of these patents is incorporated herein in full with way of reference.

Fig. 1 has described the system 200 of extracting for the infiltration of solvent, and this system is configured to improve maximum brine strength. The exemplary of system shown in Figure 1 200 generally includes one or more FO modules 212 (its description is incorporated herein), the one or more pressure-actuated film module 242 that each module 212 comprises one or more FO films 213, comprise film 243 (for example, RO) and one or more infiltration (, FO) auxiliary pressure-actuated film module 246, each module 246 comprises one or more FO films 247. This layout conventionally by be of value to utilize pressure-driven membrane process to receive back and forth to draw the system of solute and/or wherein maximum brine strength be other required industry.

In general, be typically confined to about 1500psi (more typically about 1000psi), and only can produce approximately 75 such as the pressure-actuated film device of RO unit, 000mg/l is to approximately 105, salt solution/concentrate of 000mg/l. Utilizing RO (or other pressure-actuated membrane process) to concentrate in the FO system of drawing solution, this has limited maximum and has drawn solution concentration again. By operation FO film under pressure-driven pattern (wherein saline solution is through the solution chamber of drawing of FO module/film) (for example, screw winding film, but in scope of the present utility model, also can imagine and consider other configuration such as plate and frame and doughnut), the osmotic pressure that clean driving force on the solution of the feedstock solution chamber through FO module/film is offset on feed side due to the osmotic pressure drawing in side increases, thereby reduce Δ π and allow the higher hydrostatic pressure on feed side, as discussed herein.

Again referring to Fig. 1, charging or the first solution are introduced in described one or more FO unit 212, and concentrated (multiple) FO unit 212 drawing on (multiple) opposite side that solution 216 is introduced in (multiple) film 213. The concentrated solution 216 that draws has the osmotic pressure higher than feedstock solution 214, thereby causes solvent 248 to flow out across (multiple) film 213. Obtained concentrated incoming flow (for example, salt solution) 214 ' and rare solution 216 ' that draws are exported in (multiple) FO unit 212. Concentrated charging 214 ' can be transmitted further to process or perhaps abandon. Rare solution 216 ' that draws is transmitted to reclaim solvent 248 and concentrates and draw solution 216 again.

As shown in Figure 1, rare Part I 216a ' that draws solution 216 ' via one or more valves arrange 257 and booster pump 259b or other pressure transfer device be directed to pressure-actuated film device 242, and rare Part II 216b ' that draws solution via valve arrange 257a and alternatively pressure transfer device 259a be directed to and permeate auxiliary pressure-driven film device 246. In general, valve arranges that 257 can manually or automatically activate as required, to regulate rare solution 216 ' flowing to various film devices of drawing. In some embodiments, valve arranges that 257 (are for example configured to isolate rare the first and second parts of drawing solution, via multiple changeover valve 257a, 257b), prevent from rarely by OAPDM device (for example drawing solution, check-valves 257d) " short circuit ", and/or control the mixing of drawing flow of solution of variable concentrations.

More specifically, further dilution rare draw solution 215 (this be with further dilution from OAPDM246 draw solution 216 " rare Part I 216a ' that draws solution of mixing) under pressure, be incorporated into pressure-actuated film device 242 via pump 259b. In one or more embodiments, solution 215, is introduced under preferably about 1500psi to 2000psi to about 3000psi at about 1000psi. In general, in the limit of system unit operational capacity, wish to introduce solution 215 under high as far as possible pressure. Required solvent 248 will be served as penetrant through film, and there, solvent can be used or transmit and further process. In the case of the major part of solvent is removed, retentate part 215 ' (in the middle of being essentially concentrated draw solution) is now or by carrying out the residual pressure of self-pumping 259b or being directed to the auxiliary pressure-driven film device 246 of infiltration by additional pump 259c, with the pressure that draws solution 215 ' concentrated in the middle of further improving. In some embodiments, counterbalance valve 257c is used for maintaining the required pressure through on the retentate of OAPDM device 246. Simultaneously, rare Part II 216b ' that draws solution 216 ' arranges 257a via valve as required and low-lift pump or other pressure transfer device 259a are directed to the opposite side (for example, in screw winding film module draw side or film bag side) of the film 247 in OAPDM device 246 alternatively. Be pushed through film 247 and enter from the extra solvent 248 of retentate 215 ' and rarely draw solution 216b ', thereby further dilute rare solution that draws. This is rare solution 216 that draws of dilution further " be then directed to get back to via valve and arrange that 257b is directed to the rare of pressure-actuated film device 242 and draws the Part I of solution 216a ' and mix with this Part I. This layout can realize separately by the continuous recovery substantially of expendable extra solvent originally of pressure-actuated membrane process, and this also causes the maximization of the concentration of drawing solution or any other saline source. In some embodiments, system 200 comprises by-pass line 231 and valve layout 257e, and it can be used to all or a part of retentate 215 ' from pressure-actuated film device 242 to be directly directed to (multiple) FO unit 212. In some cases, bypass can be used for as required maintaining and have drawing solution or being delivered to (multiple) FO unit 212 of desired concn. For example, a part for retentate can walk around OAPDM device 246 and with mix from the output of OAPDM device 246, with for the rare concentration of drawing solution of specific feedstock solution composition customization. In other example, bypass can be used to make OAPDM device 246 to depart from pipeline, for maintenance purpose.

In an alternative embodiment, rare Part II of solution that draws is replaced by the independent source 261 of saline solution (361 in Fig. 2). In this arrangement, whole or substantially all rare solution 216 ' that draws be directed to pressure-actuated film device 242. The independent source of saline solution can be selected the osmotic pressure (π in Fig. 2 that provides required_E), this osmotic pressure is enough to offset the osmotic pressure (π in Fig. 2 of retentate 215 '_F), thereby can realize the concentration of the increase of retentate 215 '. Ideally, the independent source of saline solution have enough osmotic pressure with offset retentate 215 ' osmotic pressure approximately 100%; But, in most of embodiments, π_ETo offset π_FApproximately 25% to approximately 75% and preferably at least 50%. In some embodiments, independently saline solution can be by forming with a rare part and/or product solvent 248 (if desired) that draws the retentate 215 ' that solution 216 ' mixes, to realize required osmotic pressure.

Fig. 2 has described the alternative embodiment of the system 300 of the system that is similar to Fig. 1, and this system is for extracting solvent and concentrated logistics is maximized from the first solution infiltration. As shown in Figure 2, exist for extracting the above-mentioned fundamental system 310 of solvent and also reclaim for extracting solvent 348 piece-rate system 339 of drawing solute from the first solution by one or more FO unit. Piece-rate system 339 comprises one or more pressure-actuated film devices 342 and the auxiliary pressure-driven film device 346 of one or more infiltration and arranges 357 for various pumps 359 and the valve of its operation if desired.

In an exemplary, various stream has the characteristic providing in table 1. Above-mentioned concentration can change according to incoming flow and the character of drawing liquid composite.

Table 1

During operation, stream A is by with approximately 30, the concentration of 000mg/l be fed into pressure-actuated film device 342 and OAPDM device 346 both. At pressure-actuated film device 342 places, stream A is concentrated into up to approximately 100, and 000mg/l becomes stream D. Stream A (being directed to the stream F of OAPDM device 346) is diluted to approximately 20 by OAPDM device 346, the concentration (stream G) of 000mg/l, and it is directed to the power-actuated film device 342 of back pressure. In the time starting, may be this situation, but along with system reaches stable state, the stream A of auto levelizer 342 is flowed B and replaces, stream B be the mixture of stream A and stream G. The stream D that leaves pressure-actuated film device 342 is then directed to the OAPDM device 346 on the feed side of film 347, and there, it is further concentrated until approximately 125, and 000mg/l (stream E), to form the concentrated solution 316 that draws.

Fig. 3 is that layout of the present utility model is for the diagrammatic representation of reclaiming the effect of solvent via OAPDM device 246,346. Particularly, Fig. 3 has described the length at device 246,346The upper rate of recovery to solvent improve (, the flux J of increase_w), as by J_w=A (Δ P-Δ π) represents. As shown in the figure, in the time flowing through OAPDM device, it is relatively constant that hydrostatic pressure reduction (Δ P) keeps, and permeable pressure head (Δ π) increases. This is because become rarer in the brine stream of drawing in side or film bag side of device at least in part, thereby reduces π_E; And retentate stream on feed side becomes denseer, thereby increase π_FAnd cause the overall increase of Δ π. Again referring to J_w=A (Δ P-Δ π), along with Δ π increases, flux reduces; In the time that passing film device, incoming flow approaches zero (the some A in Fig. 3, wherein Δ P=Δ π; J_w=0). In typical pressure-actuated film device, do not have brine stream to be introduced in opposite side (, the π of film_E=0), therefore Δ π starts highlyer, and reaches rapidly Δ P. By brine stream being incorporated into opposite side (, the π of pressure drive membrane_E> 0), when relative stream is through device 246,346 time, Δ π reduces and reaches Δ P (the some B in Fig. 3) with the long period, and this has improved significantly by the total solvent rate of recovery of film device 246,346. As shown in Figure 3, this extra recovery is represented by the shadow region of defining by line Δ π (A) and Δ π (B). Reduce Δ π and cause the solvent recovering rate and the solute concentration that increase.

Fig. 4 has described another alternative embodiment of the system 400 that is similar to previously described system, and this system is for extracting solvent and the concentration of the second solution is maximized from the first solution infiltration. In general, whole system 400 comprises the basic FO module/system 212,310 being communicated with piece-rate system 439 fluids, and it as previously mentioned and for the sake of clarity and not shown in Figure 4. The piece-rate system 439 of describing in Fig. 4 comprises one or more pressure-actuated film devices 442, and it is communicated with fluids such as the pump of one or more OAPDM devices 446 and any necessity, valve, sensor, pipe fittings.

As shown in Figure 4, rare flow of solution 416 ' of drawing is directed to piece-rate system 439, is particularly directed to the first pressure-actuated film device 442a. In some embodiments, rare only a part of 416a ' that draws solution is directed to the first pressure-actuated film device 442a, and rare common less part 416b ' that draws solution is directed to OAPDM device 446. Alternatively or additionally, the independent source 461 of saline solution can be directed to OAPDM device 446. Be similar to the system of describing in Fig. 2, can be directed to OAPDM device 446 from the retentate 415 ' of device 442a. But all or part of of retentate 415 ' can be directed to the second pressure-actuated film device 442b, for drawing the further concentrated of solution. Penetrant 448a from device 442a can be outputted as product solvent, is transmitted further to process or abandon. Retentate 429 from the second device 442b can be directed to OAPDM device 446, reuses for the solution 416 that draws that further concentrated and conduct concentrates. In some embodiments, the multiple pressure-actuated film device 442 of series connection can be used to be applicable to application-specific, for example, to realize the certain concentration of drawing solution. The penetrant 448b of the second device 442b can be outputted as product solvent, is transmitted further to process or abandon. In some embodiments, all or part of of penetrant 448b is directed to the entrance of first device 442a, to form rarer rate of recovery of drawing solution 415 and increasing by the first pressure-actuated film device 442a. Additionally or alternatively, all or part of of the penetrant 448b of the second device 442b (or most end person) in a series of device can be combined with the penetrant 448a of first device 442a. In some cases, may be useful especially be the penetrant 448b of the second device 442b is combined with the penetrant 448a of first device and/or at least a portion of penetrant 448b is back to the entrance of first device 442a, be compared to because penetrant 448b can have the TDS concentration that the acceptable concentration of some purposes is higher.

In general, OAPDM device 446 operates substantially as described in conjunction with Fig. 2 and 3. Especially, the retentate 415a ' of first device 442a independently or with independent saline source 461 in conjunction with and be directed to FO film 447 draw side (stream 421), and the retentate 429 of second (or most end) device 442b is directed to the feed side of film 447 for further concentrated under pressure. The output 416 of dilution " be directed to back the entrance of first device 442a, and concentrated output 416 is directed to back (multiple) FO module to reuse as the solution that draws concentrating.

Fig. 5 has described another alternative embodiment of the system 500 that is similar to previously described system, and this system is for extracting solvent and the concentration of the second solution is maximized from the first solution infiltration. In general, whole system 500 comprises the subsystem 510 of one or more forward osmosis modules 512 and associated components, and it is similar to those that describe before this or be incorporated herein, and is communicated with piece-rate system 539 fluids. The piece-rate system 539 of describing in Fig. 5 comprises one or more pressure-actuated film devices 540,542, and it is communicated with fluids such as the pump of one or more OAPDM devices 546 and any necessity, valve, sensor, pipe fittings. In addition, system 500 shown in Fig. 5 comprises that optional subsystem/device for further concentrated incoming flow 514 ' (for example, crystallizer or spray dryer 564) and/or (for example further reclaim solvent from rare solution 516 ' that draws, evaporimeter or FO subsystem 566), as mentioned below. System 500 for example also can be included in each position that spreads all over system 500, for the device 550 of chemicals interpolation, those that describe before this or be incorporated herein. For example, device 550 can be used for adding acidity or the corrodent pH value with the one or more streams in adjustment System 500, for example, and reduction charging or the concentrated pH value of drawing solution 514,516 or rare pH value of drawing solution 516 ' that raises.

As shown in Fig. 5 substantially, rare solution 516 ' that draws is directed to NF/UF unit 540 and relevant circuit and the one or more pressure-actuated film device 542 with one or more OAPDM device 546 combinations, be similar in conjunction with Fig. 1,2 and 4 described those. In some embodiments, unit 540 can be ion-exchange or similar processing unit. As shown in Figure 5, the concentrated solution 554 that draws again that leaves OAPDM device 546 was directed to additional process before turning back to (multiple) FO module 512. In various embodiments, additional process comprises use calorifics and/or mechanical device 566, for example evaporimeter or film salt solution inspissator are (for example, one or more FO modules 512), wherein install final concentrated solution 516 and one or more product solvent streams 548 drawn of 566 outputs " (in the situation of evaporimeter), 549 (in situation of FO module). System 500 also can comprise heat and the power supply 568 (for example, combustion gas turbine) of combination, for necessary heat and/or electric energy 569 are supplied to device 566 and salt solution maker 556, as previously mentioned. In an optional embodiment, replace or except salt solution maker 556, system 500 combines electrodialysis reversal unit (EDR) 567 so that the solute that draws of supply to be provided.

As shown in Figure 5, EDR567 is arranged between incoming flow 514 (before FO module 512) and piece-rate system 539, and operates serially or as required. Particularly, EDR567 (for example receives the part of incoming flow 514 and a rare part of drawing solution, infiltration is through the rare part of drawing solution 552 of NF/UF film unit 540) and by a part that is dissolved in the salt in charging 514 be passed to rare draw solution with replenish lost any solute (for example, NaCl) that draws to other places in NF/UF film unit 540 or system 500. The retentate 537 of exporting from NF/UF unit 540 can recycle gets back to incoming flow 514. Compare continuously and add and newly draw solute, the comparatively cheap mode of drawing solute (for example, the cost of EDR567 is compared salt solution maker 556 and raw-material cost) that EDR567 provides a kind of displacement to lose in system.

Piece-rate system 539 shown in Fig. 5 is different from previously described system to a certain extent, and reason is the 3rd pressure-actuated film device 542c that it comprises precision processing reverse osmosis unit form. Device 542c is configured to receive any one penetrant and/or product solvent 548,549 and the output of drinking water 548 ' from other device in system 539. In some embodiments, if output 548 ' has enough quality, this output 548 ' can with the product solvents 548 by device 566 outputs " combination; Otherwise the product solvent 549 of device 566 can be processed by the 3rd pressure-actuated film device 542c. The retentate 529b of the 3rd device 542c can be directed to back through piece-rate system 539, to reclaim additional solute and/or the solvent of drawing.

In addition, system 500 shown in Fig. 5 can comprise that above-mentioned additional systems/devices 564 concentrates for the further of feedstock solution, and this is crystallizer in one embodiment, for output solid waste product 514 ". As shown in Figure 5, device 564 is configured to receive from the concentrated charging 514 ' of (multiple) FO module and/or from any overflow substance 528 in hydrocyclone loop 523, hydrocyclone loop comprises one or more hydrocyclones 524, and it is communicated with forward osmosis module 512 fluids via underflow pipeline 527, overflow line 528 and feeding line 526. In general, hydrocyclone 524 is used for controlling solid granularity and the residence time in specific forward osmosis module 512. Hydrocyclone loop 523 can be used to solid (conventionally having a certain amount of transparent solvent or a part of incoming flow) feeding of the correct amount generating in each stage/the be transported to follow-up phase in system 500. Also as shown in the figure, device 564 is configured to receive heat and/or electric energy 569 from heat and the power supply 568 of combination.

According to one or more embodiments, device described herein, system and method can comprise controller conventionally, it is for adjusting or regulate at least one operating parameter of the parts of described device or system, such as but not limited to, activated valve and pump, and adjust by character or the characteristic of one or more fluid streams of other module in osmotic drive film module or particular system. Controller can be communicated with at least one sensor electrical, and this sensor is configured at least one operating parameter of detection system, for example, and concentration, flow, pH level or temperature. Controller can be configured to generate in response to the signal being generated by sensor control signal substantially, to adjust one or more operating parameters. For example, controller can be configured to the expression of condition, character or the state of any stream, parts or the subsystem that receive osmotic drive film system and the pretreatment system being associated and after-treatment system. Controller generally includes algorithm, and this algorithm is conducive to generate at least one output signal, and this signal is conventionally based on representing and such as one or more in any one in target or the desirable value of set point. According to one or more particular aspects, controller can be configured to the expression of any measurement character that receives any stream, and generates to any control, driving or the output signal in system unit, to reduce to measure any deviation of character and desired value.

According to one or more embodiments, Process Control System and method can be monitored various concentration levels, detected parameter that for example can be based on comprising pH and electrical conductivity. In the flow of process material stream and tank, liquid level also can be controlled. Temperature and pressure can be monitored. Can utilize ion selectivity probe, pH meter, the interior liquid level of tank and stream flow to detect film leaks. Also can be by the drawing solution side pressurization and utilizing ultrasonic detector and/or detect leakage in the visual observation of the leakage of feedwater side film with gas. Other operating parameter and maintenance issues can be monitored. Can for example monitor various process efficiencies by measuring product water flow and quality, hot-fluid and power consumption. Can be for example decline to control by measuring flux for alleviating the cleaning solution of biological pollution, described flux declines and is determined by the charging at the specified point place in film system and the flow that draws solution. When sensor in brine stream needs to process if can being indicated, for example, utilize distillation, ion-exchange, breakpoint chlorination processing or similar scheme to process. This can utilize pH probe, ion selectivity probe, FFIR (FTIR) or sensing to draw other means of solute concentration. Drawing solution condition can monitoredly add and/or change with following the tracks of for the supply thing of solute. Equally, product water quality can or be utilized such as the probe of ammonium or ammonia probe and monitor by conventional means. FTIR can be implemented as and detect the material existing, and can be used for for example guaranteeing correct facility operations and for identifying the information such as the behavior of film ion-exchange effect to provide.

It will be understood by those of skill in the art that parameter described herein and be configured as exemplaryly, and actual parameter and/or configuration will depend on the concrete application that uses therein system of the present utility model and technology. Those skilled in the art also will be appreciated that or can only use routine experiment to determine the equivalent of specific embodiments of the present utility model. Therefore, should be appreciated that embodiment described herein only provides in the mode of example, and in the scope of claims and equivalent thereof, the utility model can be put into practice by the mode except specifically describing.

In addition, it should also be understood that, the utility model relates to any combination of each feature described herein, system, subsystem or technology and two or more features described herein, system, subsystem or technology, and within any combination of two or more features, system, subsystem and/or method (if such feature, system, subsystem and technology are not mutual inconsistent words) is considered to be in claims the scope of the present utility model of specializing. In addition, be only not intended to get rid of in the similar effect from other embodiment in conjunction with action, element and the feature of an embodiment discussion.

Claims

1. a permeability and separation system, described permeability and separation system is used for extracting solvent from the first solution infiltration, it is characterized in that, and described permeability and separation system comprises:

Forward osmosis unit, it comprises at least one film with the first side and the second side, described first side liquid of described at least one film is connected to the source of described the first solution, and described second side liquid of described at least one film is connected to the concentrated source of drawing solution, wherein said at least one film is configured to from solvent described in described the first solution permeability and separation, thereby is formed on the first more concentrated solution in described first side of described at least one film and the rare solution that draws in described second side of described at least one film; And

Piece-rate system, it is communicated with described forward osmosis unit fluid and is configured to receives the described rare solution that draws from described forward osmosis unit, and described piece-rate system comprises:

Pressure-actuated film device, it comprises: entrance, it is configured to receive described rare Part I that draws solution; The first outlet, it is configured to export described rare retentate part of drawing solution; With the second outlet, it is configured to export described rare penetrant part of drawing solution; And

The pressure-actuated film device that infiltration is auxiliary, it is communicated with and comprises with described pressure-actuated film device fluid: the first entrance, it is configured to receive described rare Part II that draws solution; The second entrance, it is configured to receive described rare described retentate part of drawing solution; The first outlet, it is configured to export rare solution that draws of further dilution; With the second outlet, it is configured to export described rare more concentrated retentate part of drawing solution.

2. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described second outlet of the pressure-actuated film device that described infiltration is assisted is communicated with described second side liquid of described forward osmosis membranes for the described concentrated solution that draws is provided to described forward osmosis unit.

3. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described piece-rate system also comprises valve layout, is back to described rare source of solvent of drawing for the solution that draws that makes described further dilution.

4. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described piece-rate system also comprises booster pump, and described booster pump is arranged between described at least one forward osmosis unit and described pressure-actuated film device and is configured to described rare solution pressurization of drawing.

5. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described piece-rate system also comprises booster pump, and described booster pump is arranged between described first outlet of described pressure-actuated film device and described second entrance of the pressure-actuated film device that described infiltration is assisted for improving the pressure of described rare described retentate part of drawing solution.

6. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressure-actuated film device comprises at least one RO unit.

7. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressure-actuated film device comprises at least one nanofiltration unit and at least one reverse osmosis units.

8. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described penetrant part is not containing any product solvent that draws solute.

9. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the permeable pressure head on the auxiliary pressure-actuated film device of described infiltration is zero.

10. permeability and separation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises multiple forward osmosis unit of arranged in series, and wherein said the first solution and the described concentrated solution that draws are incorporated into each forward osmosis unit upstream.