CN205175807U - COD opening microtubule digestion instrument - Google Patents
COD opening microtubule digestion instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN205175807U CN205175807U CN201520971976.3U CN201520971976U CN205175807U CN 205175807 U CN205175807 U CN 205175807U CN 201520971976 U CN201520971976 U CN 201520971976U CN 205175807 U CN205175807 U CN 205175807U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a COD opening microtubule digestion instrument, the device can be used to the COD automated inspection appearance, realize the COD automated inspection analysis under the ordinary pressure. The outside of tubes wall of clearing up of digestion instrument is equipped with the dot interlace, and the winding of the heating wire of being convenient for is heated, spiral condensation inner tube and atmosphere communicate with each other, have realized the ordinary pressure and have cleared up, break through the sealed limitation of clearing up among the prior art, to reducing because to clear up the error that the condition nonconformity arouses significant, gas -liquid separation ball and the unexpected grow of junction internal diameter of clearing up the pipe help clearing up the bubble that produces and break in here in the pipe, adding thermogenetic steam and following the opening entering condenser pipe condensing reflux of gas -liquid separation pipe olecranon portion, because this opening makes progress, even if the bumping appears in clearing up the pipe, the liquid of bumping also is difficult for rushing in the condenser pipe simultaneously. The utility model discloses the COD opening microtubule under the ordinary pressure condition can be realized and the process is cleared up.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to digestion instrument, and be specifically related to a kind of COD opening microtubule digestion instrument, this device may be used for COD automatic tester.
Background technology
COD is conventional environment measuring index, is also the important Con trolling index of environmental protection work.In the lab, adopt conical flask heating, inside put zeolite defervescence, there is condensing unit on top, and condensing unit opening connects air.Whole device volume is large, need amount of reagent many.
In COD detects automatically, sealed tube is usually adopted to clear up, i.e. heating and decompose in the quartz ampoule of one section of sealing, condition of clearing up in pipe in digestion process is obviously different from the condition in laboratory, as pressure, temperature and time etc., various organic rate of clearing up all there occurs change, the difference on the data theory therefore obtained just and in laboratory.
When liquid is in fine quartz pipe (diameter≤2cm) during ebuillition of heated, the liquid in pipe can the higher generation bumping of frequency, and liquid when bumping occurs in pipe goes out along the strong eruption of tubule along with steam.Because the liquid of heating in test is usually containing various chemical reagent, the chemical reagent of this high temperature is abnormally dangerous, and the reliability as ebuillition of heated is not known where to begin especially.Now conventional is adopt heated sealed to clear up, and the heating condition in this and laboratory is inconsistent; Often add zeolite in the lab and prevent bumping, the method is inoperative in tubule.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the utility model provides a kind of COD opening microtubule digestion instrument, is intended to realize the small size digestion process under normal pressure, and prevents from liquid bumping from spraying outside digestion instrument causing danger and sample loss.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of COD opening microtubule digestion instrument, comprises digestion tube, condenser pipe and gas-liquid separation ball; Described digestion tube is provided with lower end interface, and lower end interface is provided with transition tubule, and digestion tube inwall is provided with feature concaveconvex structure, and digestion tube outer wall is provided with dot interlace and is wrapped in the heating wire between dot interlace; The outer tube lower end of described condenser pipe is provided with water inlet, and upper end is provided with water delivering orifice, and inside is provided with pipe in spiral condensation, and in spiral condensation, pipe upper end is communicated with air; Described gas-liquid separation ball bottom is communicated with digestion tube, and top is provided with olecranoid gas-liquid separation pipe, and gas-liquid separation pipe upper end is communicated with the lower end of pipe in spiral condensation; Described gas-liquid separation pipe is provided with olecranoid olecranon portion, and olecranon portion comprises opening and curved surface, and opening upwards is also positioned at the top of curved surface, and curved surface hooks curved one-tenth olecranon tip obliquely, and olecranon tip is attached on gas-liquid separation ball inwall.
Further, described feature concaveconvex structure is groove or depression, and the groove width of described groove or the diameter of described depression are between 0.1 ~ 100 μm, and it is 1 ~ 1000/square centimeter that described feature concaveconvex structure clears up unit inwall distribution density at microtubule.
Further, the internal diameter 0.5 ~ 3mm of described transition tubule.
Further, the internal diameter of described digestion tube is 0.5 ~ 5cm.
Further, this digestion instrument is quartzy material.
Further, the angle between opening place plane and surface level is 20 ° ~ 45 °.
When utilizing above-mentioned COD opening microtubule digestion instrument to clear up, digestion solution enters in digestion tube by the transition tubule in end interface under digestion tube, is heated digestion tube by the heating wire being wrapped in digestion tube outer wall dot interlace; The feature concaveconvex structure of digestion tube inwall contacts with digestion solution, carries out disturbance stir anti-bumping by the bubble produced to digestion solution; The digestion solution adding thermogenetic steam and boiling gas-liquid separation ball and gas-liquid separator tube olecranon part from, steam is entered in spiral condensation by the opening in olecranon portion and manages, and is back in digestion tube after condensate water condensation.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
(1) the COD opening microtubule digestion instrument that the utility model provides can be used for COD automatic tester, realizes the COD automatic detection analysis under normal pressure, contributes to the automatic detection realizing COD under the condition of clearing up identical with national standard method (laboratory).
(2) the digestion tube outer wall of digestion instrument is provided with dot interlace, is convenient to the winding heating of heating wire; In spiral condensation, pipe communicates with air, achieves normal pressure and clears up, and breaks through the limitation of sealed digestion in prior art, great owing to clearing up the inconsistent error sense caused of condition for minimizing; The junction internal diameter of gas-liquid separation ball and digestion tube becomes suddenly large, and the bubble contributing to producing in digestion tube breaks herein; Add thermogenetic steam and enter condensing tube condensation backflow from the opening in gas-liquid separation pipe olecranon portion, simultaneously due to this opening upwards, even if there is bumping in digestion tube, the liquid of bumping also not easily rushes in condenser pipe; The feature concaveconvex structure of heating tube inwall can prevent bumping.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is COD opening microtubule digestion instrument structural representation;
Fig. 2 is digestion tube inboard wall groove structural representation;
Fig. 3 is digestion tube inwall cave structure schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1, lower end interface; 2, joint nut; 3, transition tubule; 4, dot interlace; 5, digestion tube inwall; 6, gas-liquid separation ball; 7, gas-liquid separation pipe; 8, water inlet; 9, pipe in spiral condensation; 10, condenser pipe; 11, water delivering orifice; 12, pipe air interface in spiral condensation; 13, digestion tube; 14, the opening in olecranon portion; 15, the curved surface in olecranon portion.
Embodiment
The technical solution of the utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Fig. 1 is a kind of COD opening microtubule digestion instrument, and comprise digestion tube 13, condenser pipe 10 and gas-liquid separation ball 6, digestion tube 13 is provided with lower end interface 1, and lower end interface 1 is provided with transition tubule 3(caliber between 0.5 ~ 3mm).Digestion tube 13 diameter is between 0.5 ~ 5cm, and digestion tube inwall 5 is provided with feature concaveconvex structure, and feature concaveconvex structure is groove (as shown in Figure 2) or depression (as shown in Figure 3).The heating wire that digestion tube outer wall 5 is provided with dot interlace 4 and is wrapped between dot interlace.The outer tube lower end of condenser pipe 10 is provided with water inlet 8, and upper end is provided with water delivering orifice 11, and inside is provided with pipe 9 in spiral condensation, and in spiral condensation, pipe 9 upper end is communicated with air, and lower end connects gas-liquid separation pipe 7.Gas-liquid separation ball 6 bottom is communicated with digestion tube 13, and top is provided with olecranoid gas-liquid separation pipe 7, and gas-liquid separation pipe 7 upper end is communicated with pipe 9 lower end in spiral condensation.Gas-liquid separation pipe 7 is provided with olecranoid olecranon portion, olecranon portion is provided with opening 14 and curved surface 15, opening 14 upwards and be positioned at the top of curved surface 15, angle between opening place plane and surface level is 20 ° ~ 45 °, curved surface 15 hooks curved one-tenth olecranon tip obliquely, and olecranon tip is attached on the inwall of gas-liquid separation ball 6.This digestion instrument is quartzy material, and decay resistance is high.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 2 ~ Figure 3 shows that digestion tube inwall 5 feature concaveconvex structure, Figure 2 shows that groove structure schematic diagram, Figure 3 shows that cave structure schematic diagram.The groove width of groove or the diameter of described depression are between 1 ~ 100 μm, and the degree of depth is 3-300 μm, are 1 ~ 1000/square centimeter in digestion tube inwall distribution density.It should be noted that, the groove shown in Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 3 and depression are only two kinds of concrete conditions of feature concaveconvex structure, and feature concaveconvex structure is not limited to groove and depression.The groove shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 or depression comparison rule, in fact most cases is irregular, and effect of the present utility model and groove or depression whether rule onrelevant.
This example is cleared up for water sample in COD detection, the digestion solution cleared up according to the needs obtained in national standard test.
Water sample, oxygenant and catalyzer etc. during COD detects enter in digestion tube 13 from lower end interface 1 through transition tubule 3, form digestion solution after mixing.Be wound around heating wire at the quartzy dot interlace 4 of digestion tube 13 outside surface, want relative rarity at the heating wire at transition tubule 3 place.Digestion solution liquid level is apart from olecranon portion 10mm, digestion tube internal diameter 15mm, and digestion tube length is 80mm; Transition capillary inside diameter 1mm, transition capillary length 20mm; Gas-liquid separation ball diameter 40mm; Condensation pipe range 150mm, diameter 35mm; Spiral condensation inner tube diameter 3mm, wall thickness 1mm, pitch 6mm.Except joint nut 2, digestion instrument entire body adopts quartz material.After digestion solution enters digestion tube 13, heating wire electrified regulation, heating process is: heating wire length 1.8m, initial heating voltage 25V, and after coming to life, voltage is down to 17V, and also can directly heat by 17V, the time just reaching boiling needs is longer; Adopt water condensation, logical condensate water is just started before heating, the digestion solution adding thermogenetic steam and splashing gas-liquid separation ball and gas-liquid separator tube olecranon part from, steam is entered in spiral condensation by gas-liquid separation pipe and manages, and is back in digestion tube after condensate water condensation; After constantly boiling 2h, stop heating, be cooled to 45 DEG C, again digestion solution is taken out in measuring unit from end interface digestion tube 1, adopting uses the same method again gets appropriate distilled water cleaning, and cleaning process can produce a large amount of steam by heating, then by condensed fluid backflow clean cycle condenser pipe, general cleaning 2 times, finally carries out next step measurement operation.
only sudden and violent principle of the present utility model:
According to some basic characteristics of the utility model (COD opening microtubule digestion instrument), do the following hypothesis: (1) digestion tube caliber is thin, outer wall heating wire winding comparatively dense, can suppose that clearing up liquid in pipe can both be heated fully, namely not because heating is insufficient occur that fluid temperature is uneven; (2) digestion tube is perpendicular to surface level; (3) clearing up liquid in pipe is uniform liquid; (4) digestion tube temperature almost identical (macroscopically show as identical, microcosmic upper part has small difference) is everywhere supposed.
The feature that feature concaveconvex structure need possess and function: the liquid in feature concaveconvex structure is not easy convection heat transfer, digestion solution that is relative and other parts is more easily vaporized and is produced bubble, and be conducive to the growth of bubble, namely feature concaveconvex structure local heating is higher relative to other part digestion solution local heatings, heat flow density is larger.In order to realize these functions, require that feature uneven structure possesses following features: recess width or depression diameter (should be near 10 μm between 0.1 ~ 100 μm, the possibility of 1-10 is larger), validity feature structure is 1 ~ 1000/square centimeter in digestion tube inwall distribution density.The concrete structure of certain feature concaveconvex structure and digestion solution character (viscosity, specific heat capacity, vapourizing temperature and wetting angle etc.) and type of heating and intensity influence each other, and cooperatively interacting only have these three in real work in, it is sudden and violent effectively to stop.
The generation of bubble: be full of in (1) digestion tube after clearing up liquid and start heating, just start due to reasons such as surface tension, part inconduc is had in some feature concaveconvex structures, using these inconduces as nucleate points, reach around in the liquid of boiling point and constantly have vaporizing liquid generation steam to be combined with nucleate points, promote that bubble is progressively grown in nucleate points, on the other hand owing to contacting with gas bottom depression, rate of heat transfer is lower than periphery, heat accumulation makes the high and periphery of temperature, thus promote that bubble expands further, bubble is grown in final nucleate points, and depart from feature depression and enter in digestion solution, (2) along with the generation of first bubble, because the inconduc of surface tension in depression is all replaced by digestion solution, simultaneously owing to having isolated the liquid with top bottom part depression in the process of bubble growth, thus make the temperature opposing perimeter temperature bottom feature depression higher, form focus, after bubble parameters leaves, the digestion solution of bubble roof replaces bubble, these are close, reach boiling temperature or even overheated digestion solution directly contacts with focus, more easily vaporization produces nucleate points, the same then with (1) of Bubble Formation Process after nucleate points produce, (3) for the situation not having inconduc in some feature concaveconvex structure, as the feature concaveconvex structure of groove-like, residual cleaning liquid etc. is had in the situation that aperture is larger etc. makes surface tension be not enough to support and feature concaveconvex structure, due to the digestion solution in feature concaveconvex structure relative to the digestion solution of other parts and the contact area of digestion tube larger, therefore local heat flux density is produced larger, again because convection heat transfer is less likely to occur the liquid of clearing up in feature concaveconvex structure, thus make the digestion solution thermal accumlation in feature concaveconvex structure, temperature raises, thus reach evaporation conditions prior to other parts of digestion solution and vaporize that (state before boiling can be assumed to be: macroscopically digestion solution entirety all reaches boiling temperature, microcosmic has small temperature contrast: create some superheated liquid groups clearing up in fluid column, and superheated liquid group constantly changes under thermal convection and heat exchange action---merge, division, grow up, reduce, digestion solution in feature concaveconvex structure has heat interchange and without thermal convection, therefore the superheated liquid group of this part is relatively stable, and temperature is the highest relative to other portion temperature in digestion solution, therefore this part digestion solution is vaporized at first and is produced minimum gas), produce a small amount of bog, simultaneously owing to having isolated bottom part depression in the process of bubble growth and overhead-liquid, thus make the temperature opposing perimeter temperature bottom feature depression higher, form focus, after bubble parameters leaves, the digestion solution of bubble roof replaces bubble, these are close, reach boiling temperature or even overheated digestion solution directly contacts with focus, more easily vaporization produces nucleate points, the same then with (2) of Bubble Formation Process after nucleate points produce.
The motion process of bubble is with only sudden and violent: the state when seething with excitement can be assumed to be: macroscopically digestion solution entirety all reaches boiling temperature, microcosmic has small temperature contrast: create some superheated liquid groups clearing up in fluid column, and superheated liquid group constantly changes-merges, divides, grows up, reduces under thermal convection and heat exchange action.When the excessive or superheated liquid group quantity that superheated liquid group grows up is too much, under small perturbation action, the all right violent vaporization of superheated liquid group produces a large amount of minute bubbles, minute bubbles Fast Growth expands (merging, further vaporization, expanded by heating etc.), final formation bumping, digestion solution enters condenser pipe and even sputters outside pipe under the effect of bumping.When the digestion solution vaporization in feature concaveconvex structure produces bubble, although the liquid cleared up in fluid column has superheated liquid group, but quantity is insufficient, a large amount of minute bubbles can't be formed, at this moment move upward under the effect of buoyancy from the minute bubbles of the disengaging in feature concaveconvex structure, to the liquid around bubble by obviously perturbation action, thus make the superheated liquid group vaporization around bubble, discharge overheated heat, the gas that vaporization produces further promotes the growth of bubble, and when continuing heating and pressure reduces, bubble Fast Growth, because digestion tube internal diameter is little, bubble can produce effective disturbance to the fluid column cross section of process very soon, thus eliminate superheated liquid through cross section, thus effectively suppress the accumulation of superheated liquid group in liquid column, the generation of effective suppression bumping, thus realize only sudden and violent.In heating process, continuous heating makes superheated liquid group continue to produce and grow up change, disinthibites so will constantly produce bubble, and wants inhibiting effect to be greater than growth change, can ensure bumping not to occur in whole digestion process.Because the inhibiting effect of bubble to fluid column upper end is greater than lower end, make the accumulation of lower end superheated liquid group stronger, relatively more easily produce bubble simultaneously, so bubble point is also finally be stabilized in digestion tube lower end, the accumulation that finally can effectively suppress the superheated liquid in whole liquid column to be rolled into a ball and growth.
the principle of porous surface augmentation of heat transfer and with difference of the present utility model
Porous surface augmentation of heat transfer is mainly used in strengthening the rate of heat transfer between well heater and inside liquid to be heated.The ultimate principle of porous surface augmentation of heat transfer: increase solid-liquid contact area, promotes convective heat transfer liquid near solid-liquid contact face, increases solid-liquid contact face heat transfer efficiency, is usually used in heating, field of radiating.
Similitude: be all that there is surface relief structure, and worked by this structure.
Difference: (1) target is different, porous surface augmentation of heat transfer is to increase heat exchange efficiency, and aperture can not be too small simultaneously, to prevent bubble, and the topmost object of feature concaveconvex structure of the present utility model produces bubble, thus disturbance digestion solution avoids bumping; (2) structure is different, and the method, in order to increase heat exchange efficiency, increases surperficial convection heat transfer, usually suppress the generation of bubble, therefore concaveconvex structure size is usually comparatively large, and in order to reduce surperficial convection heat transfer in the utility model, promote the generation of bubble, therefore concaveconvex structure size is usually less; (3) principle is different, and the method is by concaveconvex structure, increases solid-liquid contact face, thus increases heat exchange efficiency, and the utility model is by concaveconvex structure, and first the liquid in concaveconvex structure vaporized generation bubble; (4) difference of material, the method generally adopts metal material, and generally adopts quartz in the utility model, and it is also variant that the difference of material determines concaveconvex structure job operation.
zeolite only sudden and violent principle and with difference of the present utility model
In laboratory is cleared up, usually adopt and add zeolite to suppress bumping, zeolite only sudden and violent ultimate principle is, much natural space is had in zeolite, and wherein have a lot of inconduc, zeolite in beaker bottom, in ebuillition of heated process, inconduc expands in the form of bubbles out, enter in digestion solution, because zeolite is on hot face, after zeolite is heated, temperature is also very high, liquid in space is also vaporized generation bubble, and bubble motion suppresses bumping.
Similitude: bubble motion produces disturbance, suppresses a large amount of liquid superheat, thus only sudden and violent.
Difference: (1) heating means are different, the method adopts bottom-heated, and zeolite is also sink to bottom, thus can work, and be heat on microtubule tube wall in the utility model, microtubule is vertically placed; (2) generation of bubble is different, and in the method, bubble has zeolite to produce, and in heater base, and is produce on microtubule tube wall in the utility model; (3) principle of bubble that produces of vaporizing liquid is different, and in the method, mainly superheated liquid enters in gap and vaporizes, and is that liquid enters in concaveconvex structure in the utility model, heat vaporized.Because zeolite sinks to bottom, can not the sudden and violent effect of start-stop in the utility model, because hot face is tube wall instead of bottom in the utility model.
the job operation of feature concaveconvex structure in the utility model
(1) depression type feature structure.Direct employing quartz glass inside pipe wall frosting technology, forms a large amount of silica sand at inside surface protruding, forms depression by projection.Certainly, the inwall that in this, way is worked it out, the depression ratio really worked is lower.When surfaceness is higher, effect is relatively better.
(2) fluted body feature structure.Adjustment heating voltage, makes heating wire micro-red, passes into cold water fast after milky white pipe is heated to high temperature in milky white pipe, making the tracheal wall near inwall break, forming fluted body feature structure by expanding with heat and contract with cold.Tracheal wall near inwall is fully broken, will ensure that there is violent difference variation milky white pipe inside.Repeat 2 ~ 5 times.
The effect of above-described embodiment is essentiality content of the present utility model is described, but does not limit protection domain of the present utility model with this.Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can modify to the technical solution of the utility model or equivalent replacement, and does not depart from essence and the protection domain of technical solutions of the utility model.
Claims (6)
1. a COD opening microtubule digestion instrument, is characterized in that: comprise digestion tube, condenser pipe and gas-liquid separation ball; Described digestion tube is provided with lower end interface, and lower end interface is provided with transition tubule, and digestion tube inwall is provided with feature concaveconvex structure, and digestion tube outer wall is provided with dot interlace and is wrapped in the heating wire between dot interlace; The outer tube lower end of described condenser pipe is provided with water inlet, and upper end is provided with water delivering orifice, and inside is provided with pipe in spiral condensation, and in spiral condensation, pipe upper end is communicated with air; Described gas-liquid separation ball bottom is communicated with digestion tube, and top is provided with olecranoid gas-liquid separation pipe, and gas-liquid separation pipe upper end is communicated with the lower end of pipe in spiral condensation; Described gas-liquid separation pipe is provided with olecranoid olecranon portion, and olecranon portion comprises opening and curved surface, and opening upwards is also positioned at the top of curved surface, and curved surface hooks curved one-tenth olecranon tip obliquely, and olecranon tip is attached on gas-liquid separation ball inwall.
2. COD opening microtubule digestion instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feature concaveconvex structure is groove or depression, the groove width of described groove or the diameter of described depression are between 0.1 ~ 100 μm, and it is 1 ~ 1000/square centimeter that described feature concaveconvex structure clears up unit inwall distribution density at microtubule.
3. opening microtubule digestion instrument according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the internal diameter 0.5 ~ 3mm of described transition tubule.
4. opening microtubule digestion instrument according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the internal diameter of described digestion tube is 0.5 ~ 5cm.
5. opening microtubule digestion instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this digestion instrument is quartzy material.
6. opening microtubule digestion instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the angle between the opening place plane in olecranon portion and surface level is 20 ° ~ 45 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520971976.3U CN205175807U (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | COD opening microtubule digestion instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520971976.3U CN205175807U (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | COD opening microtubule digestion instrument |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN205175807U true CN205175807U (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520971976.3U Withdrawn - After Issue CN205175807U (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | COD opening microtubule digestion instrument |
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| CN (1) | CN205175807U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105403448A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-16 | 江苏德林环保技术有限公司 | COD open microtube digestion method and device |
| CN108444562A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-08-24 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | A kind of liquid-volume measurement apparatus |
-
2015
- 2015-11-30 CN CN201520971976.3U patent/CN205175807U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105403448A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-16 | 江苏德林环保技术有限公司 | COD open microtube digestion method and device |
| CN105403448B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-10-19 | 江苏德林环保技术有限公司 | A kind of COD opening micro-pipe digestion procedure and device |
| CN108444562A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-08-24 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | A kind of liquid-volume measurement apparatus |
| CN108444562B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2023-12-05 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Liquid volume metering device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20160420 Effective date of abandoning: 20181019 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |