CN205170974U - Laser molten bath protection device - Google Patents
Laser molten bath protection device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205170974U CN205170974U CN201520831618.2U CN201520831618U CN205170974U CN 205170974 U CN205170974 U CN 205170974U CN 201520831618 U CN201520831618 U CN 201520831618U CN 205170974 U CN205170974 U CN 205170974U
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- Prior art keywords
- laser
- stainless steel
- window
- steel casing
- specimen holder
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- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 25
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000051 modifying effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003062 neural network model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a laser molten bath protection device belongs to laser cladding surface modification field. Laser molten bath protection device's stainless steel box's top is equipped with glass laser window, and glass laser window is just to the laser gun head of laser instrument, last observation window, laying -out sample window and the relief valve of being equipped with of stainless steel box, stainless steel box's bottom is equipped with the sample anchor clamps, and the sample anchor clamps lie in glass laser window and under, are equipped with the temperature -sensing component on the sample anchor clamps, and temperature -sensing component and moisture recorder are connected, the sample anchor clamps are connected with step motor, and step motor is connected with the singlechip, protection gas cylinder and stainless steel box sealing connection. The device have compact structure, with low costs, the gas tightness good, can reduce the inside gas pocket of coating by a wide margin and effectively restrain the plasma that the laser cladding in -process produced, improves the laser cladding coating performance.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of laser molten pool protector, belongs to laser melting coating field of surface modification.
Background technology
Laser melting coating utilizes high energy laser beam to prepare coating as thermal source at substrate material surface, to improve body material in a certain respect or the technology of certain several respects performance.Along with the fast development of high power laser, automatic control technology, computer technology and material science and technology, laser melting coating demonstrates its obvious technical superiority gradually.In the material surface modifyings such as solidity to corrosion, wear resistance, oxidation-resistance and strengthening, laser melting coating fundamental research and engineer applied all achieve substantial progress.With traditional material process for modifying surface (as built-up welding, spraying (cold spraying/plasma spraying), coating etc. are compared, laser melting coating has that thinning ratio is little, little, the interface cohesion of heat input is metallurgical binding, flexibility degree advantages of higher, material surface strengthening and inefficacy metallic element again manufacture view there is wide application prospect.
Laser melting coating selects tiny powder particle as raw material usually, is melted then be deposited on substrate material surface formation coating by laser beam irradiation.(surface area/volume far away higher than reguline metal, this just makes powder particle and air contact surfaces sum surface energy far away higher than the contact area of reguline metal and air for the specific surface area of fine powder particles.Under the high temperature conditions, powder particle shows very high activity, and the chemical metallurgy process of this complexity can cause obvious impact to coating structure and performance.
The solidification rate that laser melting coating is higher, larger thermograde gives the excellent properties that coating rapid solidification brings on the one hand, also make coating thermal stresses increase sharply on the other hand, gas cannot fully be separated out from bath and cause pore, distortion and cracking to become topmost defect coating.Find by contrasting a lot of laser melting coating experimental studies results, pore, distortion and cracking are the most typical defects in laser melting coating surface modification, are also gordian technique difficult problems for restriction laser melting coating process for modifying surface engineer applied.When high energy laser beam acts on alloy material and powdered alloy, high energy density can make material temperature sharply raise.Laser beam stops heating rear molten bath small volume, and rate of cooling is exceedingly fast.The heating rate of laser melting coating and rate of cooling, far above the heating rate in metal smelting process in traditional moulding process and process of setting and rate of cooling, are typical nonequilibrium solidification process.In molten metal, gas has little time effusion and remains in coat inside is the major reason that there is pore.The input of single track individual layer laser melting coating heat is smaller, and thermal stresses is also relatively little.Along with the stacking number of plies and cladding area increase, thermal stresses can accumulate gradually and cause workpiece deformation even to ftracture.
Found by the pertinent literature retrieval published both at home and abroad, at present in laser melting coating surface modification powder injection molding field, domestic scholars has all done much fruitful work, serves very large pushing effect to the development of laser melting coating process for modifying surface.The people such as ten thousand bright, the Kou Zhaojun of Shandong University propose to adopt the temperature head reducing laser melting coating cured portion and fusing point in patent CN103785835A " prevents the preparation method of the large complicated titanium alloy component distortion of 3 D-printing and cracking ", limit laser melting coating solidification limit annealing, the method reducing unrelieved stress generation prevents the large complicated titanium alloy component distortion of 3 D-printing and cracking, restrained effectively the distortion of laser melting coating large titanium alloy component and cracking.The Wang Huaming of BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, the people such as Zhang Shuquan, Wang Xiangming propose original " the discrete control of thermal stresses " method, efficiently solve a difficult problem for the titanium alloy primary load bearing component laser fast shaping serious warpage of process part and cracking.This achievement makes China's rapid laser-shaping technique research and through engineering approaches application be in rank first.In the laser welding field close with laser melting coating surface modification, the Tang Xinhua of Shanghai Communications University, Lu Fenggui, the people such as Luo Yan propose to arrange negative pressure cavity above component to be welded in patent CN103658984A " laser welding plasma body side draught negative pressure device and laser welding system ", being connected with described extraction pipe by air extractor makes laser weld pools form subnormal ambient, effectively improve laser weld pools vacuum tightness, and improve the effect suppressing laser welding plasma body.
From above-mentioned document and and other correlative study achievements can find, in the protector of present laser molten bath, for oxidization burning loss under alloying element hot conditions mainly through:
synchronously shielding gas is sent into when laser melting coating prepares coating;
laser cladding equipment entirety is placed in encloses container, and in this encloses container, passes into shielding gas two approach laser molten pool is protected.Method
can not efficiency utilization shielding gas, and protected effect is poor.Shielding gas flows fast also can produce disturbance to bath process of setting, takes away molten bath heat, accelerates solidification rate thus the defects such as crackle are increased.Method
can form available protecting to molten bath, and can experimentally need to adjust shielding gas composition easily, but excessive volume reduces the service efficiency of shielding gas and improves equipment cost.
For distortion and the defect such as crackle, reduce thermograde by preheating and to be out of shape and crackle is practices well to reduce to reduce thermal stresses in workpiece.The method that the people such as the woods of Northwestern Polytechnical University is prosperous, Wang Xinghua propose " application BP neural network prediction laser melting alloy crack ", and more adequately predict the crackle in K465 superalloy laser melting by this neural network model." the discrete control of thermal stresses " method successful that the people such as Wang Huaming, Zhang Shuquan of BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics propose, but also obtain non-widespread adoption from the document the method published at present.
And have little time to overflow for gas in coating and remaining pore, the shielding gas of being formed in the coating produces plasma body on the shielding effect of laser beam and thus on the impact that the impact of laser cladding coating structure and properties, different ratio mixed gas are prepared coating under high energy laser beam irradiates, research is also fewer at present.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide the laser molten pool protector that a kind of compact construction, volume are little, cost is low, and this equipment significantly can reduce pore in coating, effectively suppress in laser cladding process plasma body to adjust composition and the pressure of protective atmosphere flexibly to the shielding effect of laser beam and for not laser melting and coating process condition.
Laser molten pool protector described in the utility model, comprise glass laser window 1, stainless steel casing 2, view port 3, setting-out and sampling window 4, temperature sensitive member 5, specimen holder 6, stepper-motor 7, micro-chip 8, moisture recorder 9, safety valve 10, the top of stainless steel casing 2 is provided with glass laser window 1, and glass laser window 1 is just to the laser gun head of laser apparatus 13; Stainless steel casing 2 is provided with view port 3, setting-out sampling window 4 and safety valve 10; The bottom of stainless steel casing 2 is provided with specimen holder 6, and specimen holder 6 is positioned at immediately below glass laser window 1, and specimen holder 6 is provided with temperature sensitive member 5, and temperature sensitive member 5 is connected with moisture recorder 9; Specimen holder 6 is connected with stepper-motor 7, and stepper-motor 7 is connected with micro-chip 8, and protection gas cylinder 16 is tightly connected with stainless steel casing 2.
Connecting pipe between described protection gas cylinder 16 and stainless steel casing 2 is provided with weather gauge 11, gas meter 12, gas valve 14 and vacuum pump 15.
Described protection gas cylinder 16 is provided with three, and three protection gas cylinders 16 are tightly connected by Y-tube and stainless steel casing 2.
Described stainless steel casing 2 is sealing.
Glass laser window (1) prepares for GaAs material.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) glass laser window 1 is arranged on stainless steel casing top center, specimen holder 4 aligns with gallium arsenide (GaAs) glass laser window 1, specimen holder 6 is connected with stepper-motor 7, and stepper-motor 7 is connected with micro-chip 8, according to the step angle increment of stepper-motor
Δ φand the angle on fixture between sample arranges pulsed current width in micro-chip 8
τ, pulsed current number
n, input pulse frequency
fthe angle of revolution of each action of control step motor
αand rotating speed
rwith make specimen holder 6 replacing sample after can with gallium arsenide (GaAs) glass laser window 1 on same straight line.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
(1) gallium arsenide (GaAs) glass is the CO of 10.6 μm to wavelength
2laser beam has extremely low specific absorption and high transmitance, its specific absorption
η<0.5%, i.e. transmitance
χ>99.5%; Can ensure at high energy CO
2laser beam completes laser melting coating experiment before causing the larger temperature variation of gallium arsenide (GaAs) glass laser window generation.
(2) the utility model considerably reduces equipment volume, thus reduces equipment cost (purchase cost and use cost); Effectively can check and ensure casing resistance to air loss, and by the monitoring of gas meter, shielding gas composition can be adjusted exactly for different laser melting coating conditions, thus research shielding gas composition and gas pressure intensity are to laser cladding coating quality shadow;
(3) immediately below gallium arsenide (GaAs) glass laser window, install specimen holder, this specimen holder is connected with stepper-motor, micro-chip; By setting Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program adjustment pulse width, thus the angle of rotation of each action of control step motor makes specimen holder accurately align with laser window; In body side perforate, setting-out and sampling window are installed, and by forming with the stainless steel tube of annular rubber ring, flanged dish and the parts that match with it passage that sample passes in and out casing, had both ensured the resistance to air loss of casing, and having facilitated experimental implementation again.
(4) this device overcomes the shortcoming with flowing gas protection laser molten pool, namely flowing gas to the disturbance of laser molten pool, flowing gas takes away laser molten pool heat and shielding gas utilizes insufficient; By composition and the pressure of the shielding gas of adjustment stainless steel box house, can effectively to suppress in laser cladding process plasma body to the shielding effect of high energy laser beam; Significant for the laser melting coating surface modified coat quality improving refractory metal; Refractory metal needs high-energy-density to make the temperature of laser molten pool enough high, and the too high plasma shield laser apparatus that very easily produces above laser molten pool of high-energy-density, thus affect coating structure and molding effect.
(5) shielding gas composition and pressure comparatively significantly affect the quality existence that laser melting coating prepares coating; Traditional laser molten pool protector is mainly protected laser molten pool by flowing gas, but this protected mode exists larger difficulty for research mixed gas and shielding gas pressure to the protected effect of laser molten pool; The mode that this device adopts Y-tube or Y-tube, gas meter, weather gauge and protection gas cylinder to interknit specially, preferably resolves the defect existing for the protector of conventional laser molten bath.
(6) stepper-motor under micro-chip control accurately can adjust sample position under program control, its pulsed current width
τ, pulsed current number
n, input pulse frequency
fthen can arrange flexibly according to practical situation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 the utility model structural representation.
In figure: 1-glass laser window, 2-stainless steel casing, 3-view port, 4-setting-out and sampling window, 5-temperature sensitive member, 6-specimen holder, 7-stepper-motor, 8-micro-chip, 9-moisture recorder, 10-safety valve, 11-weather gauge, 12-gas meter, 13-laser apparatus, 14-gas valve, 15-vacuum pump, 16-protect gas cylinder.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in further detail, but protection domain of the present utility model is not limited to described content.
Embodiment 1
Laser molten pool protector described in the present embodiment, comprise glass laser window 1, stainless steel casing 2, view port 3, setting-out and sampling window 4, temperature sensitive member 5, specimen holder 6, stepper-motor 7, micro-chip 8, moisture recorder 9, safety valve 10, the top of stainless steel casing 2 is provided with glass laser window 1, and glass laser window 1 is just to the laser gun head of laser apparatus 13; Stainless steel casing 2 is provided with view port 3, setting-out sampling window 4 and safety valve 10; The bottom of stainless steel casing 2 is provided with specimen holder 6, and specimen holder 6 is positioned at immediately below glass laser window 1, and specimen holder 6 is provided with temperature sensitive member 5, and temperature sensitive member 5 is connected with moisture recorder 9; Specimen holder 6 is connected with stepper-motor 7, and stepper-motor 7 is connected with micro-chip 8, and protection gas cylinder 16 is tightly connected with stainless steel casing 2.
Connecting pipe between described protection gas cylinder 16 and stainless steel casing 2 is provided with weather gauge 11, gas meter 12, gas valve 14 and vacuum pump 15.Described protection gas cylinder 16 is provided with three, and three protection gas cylinders 16 are tightly connected by Y-tube and stainless steel casing 2.Described stainless steel casing 2 is sealing.Glass laser window 1 prepares for GaAs material.
The present embodiment installs stepper-motor 7 below laser window, and stepper-motor 7 and micro-chip 8 communicate to connect; Stepper-motor 7 rotation axis installs outer rotor, installs internal wheel below specimen holder 6, and internal wheel internal diameter is identical with outer rotor external diameter, the parameters such as module of gear are identical, thus internal-external gear is closely engaged; Make itself and gallium arsenide (GaAs) glass laser window 1 on same straight line by the position of adjustment stepper-motor 7, specimen holder 6; In stainless steel casing 2 side, correct position drives two manholes, and weather gauge 11 and temperature sensitive member 5 are installed on this manhole, and with glass cement sealing with the resistance to air loss ensureing casing; Temperature sensitive member 5 is connected with moisture recorder 9 by wire; At stainless steel casing 2 right side opening manhole, stainless steel tube identical for internal diameter is weldingly fixed on this manhole; Many siphunculus and protection gas cylinder 12 is connected, the correct position installing gas under meter 9 between many siphunculus and protection gas cylinder 15 by gas duct; At stainless steel tube appropriate location installing gas valve 14, and the correct position between gas valve 14 with many siphunculus is opened circular hole and is connected vacuum pump by gas duct.
Embodiment 2
Laser molten pool protector described in the present embodiment, comprise glass laser window 1, stainless steel casing 2, view port 3, setting-out and sampling window 4, temperature sensitive member 5, specimen holder 6, stepper-motor 7, micro-chip 8, moisture recorder 9, safety valve 10, the top of stainless steel casing 2 is provided with glass laser window 1, and glass laser window 1 is just to the laser gun head of laser apparatus 13; Stainless steel casing 2 is provided with view port 3, setting-out sampling window 4 and safety valve 10; The bottom of stainless steel casing 2 is provided with specimen holder 6, and specimen holder 6 is positioned at immediately below glass laser window 1, and specimen holder 6 is provided with temperature sensitive member 5, and temperature sensitive member 5 is connected with moisture recorder 9; Specimen holder 6 is connected with stepper-motor 7, and stepper-motor 7 is connected with micro-chip 8, and protection gas cylinder 16 is tightly connected with stainless steel casing 2.
Claims (5)
1. a laser molten pool protector, it is characterized in that: comprise glass laser window (1), stainless steel casing (2), view port (3), setting-out and sampling window (4), temperature sensitive member (5), specimen holder (6), stepper-motor (7), micro-chip (8), moisture recorder (9), safety valve (10), the top of stainless steel casing (2) is provided with glass laser window (1), and glass laser window (1) is just to the laser gun head of laser apparatus (13); Stainless steel casing (2) is provided with view port (3), setting-out sampling window (4) and safety valve (10); The bottom of stainless steel casing (2) is provided with specimen holder (6), and specimen holder (6) is positioned at immediately below glass laser window (1), and specimen holder (6) is provided with temperature sensitive member (5), and temperature sensitive member (5) is connected with moisture recorder (9); Specimen holder (6) is connected with stepper-motor (7), and stepper-motor (7) is connected with micro-chip (8), and protection gas cylinder (16) and stainless steel casing (2) are tightly connected.
2. laser molten pool protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the connecting pipe between protection gas cylinder (16) and stainless steel casing (2) is provided with weather gauge (11), gas meter (12), gas valve (14) and vacuum pump (15).
3. laser molten pool protector according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: protection gas cylinder (16) is provided with three, and three protections gas cylinder (16) are tightly connected by Y-tube and stainless steel casing (2).
4. laser molten pool protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that: stainless steel casing (2) is sealing.
5. laser molten pool protector according to claim 1, is characterized in that: glass laser window (1) prepares for GaAs material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520831618.2U CN205170974U (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2015-10-26 | Laser molten bath protection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520831618.2U CN205170974U (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2015-10-26 | Laser molten bath protection device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205170974U true CN205170974U (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520831618.2U Expired - Fee Related CN205170974U (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2015-10-26 | Laser molten bath protection device |
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| CN (1) | CN205170974U (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109023357A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-18 | 福建工程学院 | A kind of preset laser melting coating performance box |
| CN110186570A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-30 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing laser 3D printing temperature gradient detection method |
| CN110779634A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 江苏科技大学 | Controllable and fast-switching laser ablation molten metal bath temperature measuring device and using method |
| CN113652684A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-11-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Follow-up shape-following laser molten pool protection method |
-
2015
- 2015-10-26 CN CN201520831618.2U patent/CN205170974U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109023357A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-18 | 福建工程学院 | A kind of preset laser melting coating performance box |
| CN110186570A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-30 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of increasing material manufacturing laser 3D printing temperature gradient detection method |
| CN110779634A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-11 | 江苏科技大学 | Controllable and fast-switching laser ablation molten metal bath temperature measuring device and using method |
| CN110779634B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-08-10 | 江苏科技大学 | Controllable and fast-switching laser ablation molten metal bath temperature measuring device and using method |
| CN113652684A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-11-16 | 武汉理工大学 | Follow-up shape-following laser molten pool protection method |
| CN113652684B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-08-05 | 武汉理工大学 | Follow-up shape-following laser molten pool protection method |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160420 Termination date: 20171026 |