CN205045967U - Heavy metal device in mud is got rid of and retrieves to double -deck double anode electrochemistry - Google Patents
Heavy metal device in mud is got rid of and retrieves to double -deck double anode electrochemistry Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VONLASUMRVUZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir].[Ti].[Ta] Chemical compound [Ir].[Ti].[Ta] VONLASUMRVUZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种双层双阳极电化学去除并回收污泥中重金属装置。该装置包括双阳极电化学反应器、阴极电极、阳极电极和离子交换膜；所述双阳极电化学反应器由外圆柱筒、中圆柱筒、内圆柱筒、圆形下底板、圆形开口上底板和支架组成，内圆柱筒所围区域和外圆柱筒、中圆柱筒所围区域分别构成两个阳极室，阳极室之间互通，上层内圆柱筒、中圆柱筒及圆形开口上底板所构成区域为阴极室。所述的阴阳极室均设有电极，离子交换膜通过玻璃胶粘贴在内圆柱筒和中圆柱筒外表面。电化学反应器阴极室设有资源回收管，进料管与出料管对称位于外圆柱筒外侧。本实用新型具有经济性好，操作简单，处理效率高，可将重金属与废弃物分离并资源化回收等优点。
The utility model discloses a device for electrochemically removing and recovering heavy metals in sludge with double-layer double-anodes. The device comprises a double anode electrochemical reactor, a cathode electrode, an anode electrode and an ion exchange membrane; Composed of bottom plate and support, the area surrounded by the inner cylinder and the area surrounded by the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder respectively constitute two anode chambers, and the anode chambers communicate with each other. The constituting area is the cathode chamber. The cathode and anode chambers are all equipped with electrodes, and the ion exchange membrane is pasted on the outer surface of the inner cylinder and the middle cylinder by glass glue. The cathode chamber of the electrochemical reactor is provided with a resource recovery pipe, and the feed pipe and discharge pipe are located symmetrically outside the outer cylinder. The utility model has the advantages of good economy, simple operation, high treatment efficiency, and the ability to separate heavy metals from waste and recycle them as resources.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及废弃物处理及资源化技术领域，尤其涉及一种电化学去除并回收污泥中重金属装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of waste treatment and resource utilization, in particular to a device for electrochemically removing and recovering heavy metals in sludge.
背景技术Background technique
我国经济的快速发展和城市化进程的不断推进，增加了市政污水的处理量，相应的污泥产量也随之增大。据统计资料，90年代末英国和美国的污泥产量平均每年增长5％-10％，而我国每年的脱水城市污泥产量达3000万吨以上。部分工业废水的汇入与城市污水中金属离子的富集沉淀，造成污泥中含有较多的重金属，在污泥的后续处置和利用过程中会引起二次污染，并且从资源回收利用角度来看，城市污泥中重金属的开发潜力不容忽视。资料表明，我国城市污泥中Zn含量可达783.4-3096.3mg/kg(干重)，Cu可达131.2-394.5mg/kg(干重)，此外还有其它重金属，如Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb等，这些重金属的存在不仅严重影响污泥的后续安全处置和利用，也造成了这些金属资源的极大浪费。因此对于城市污泥中重金属去除和回收的研究具有非常现实的意义。The rapid development of my country's economy and the continuous advancement of the urbanization process have increased the amount of municipal sewage treatment, and the corresponding sludge production has also increased. According to statistics, in the late 1990s, the sludge production in Britain and the United States increased by an average of 5%-10% per year, while the annual dewatered municipal sludge production in my country reached more than 30 million tons. The influx of some industrial wastewater and the enrichment and precipitation of metal ions in urban sewage cause more heavy metals in the sludge, which will cause secondary pollution in the subsequent disposal and utilization of sludge, and from the perspective of resource recovery and utilization Look, the exploitation potential of heavy metals in municipal sludge cannot be ignored. The data show that the Zn content in my country's urban sludge can reach 783.4-3096.3mg/kg (dry weight), Cu can reach 131.2-394.5mg/kg (dry weight), in addition to other heavy metals, such as Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, etc. The existence of these heavy metals not only seriously affects the subsequent safe disposal and utilization of sludge, but also causes a great waste of these metal resources. Therefore, the research on the removal and recovery of heavy metals in municipal sludge has very practical significance.
国内外学者就如何处理固废中的重金属做了广泛的研究，归纳起来主要有以下几个方面：1)通过化学法来分离污泥中的重金属；2)利用微生物法来吸附和降低污泥中重金属的含量；3)利用植物的修复作用降解污泥中含有的重金属；4)采用电化学方法去除污泥中的重金属。由于电化学方法操作简单，运行稳定，不容易造成二次污染等诸多优势而备受关注，但传统的电化学处理装置要么将废弃物放置于阴阳级之间，在阴极室与阳极室内均加入电解液，无法充分利用电流效率；要么将废弃物放置于阳极，但电极与污泥接触不充分，导致电解效率低下。因此改进处理装置是电化学法去除并回收废弃物中重金属的关键。Scholars at home and abroad have done extensive research on how to deal with heavy metals in solid waste, which can be summarized as follows: 1) Separating heavy metals in sludge by chemical methods; 2) Using microbial methods to adsorb and reduce sludge 3) Degrading the heavy metals contained in the sludge by using the remediation effect of plants; 4) Removing the heavy metals in the sludge by electrochemical methods. Due to the advantages of simple operation, stable operation, and not easy to cause secondary pollution, the electrochemical method has attracted much attention. However, traditional electrochemical treatment devices either place the waste between the cathode and anode stages, and add The electrolyte cannot make full use of the current efficiency; or the waste is placed on the anode, but the electrode is not in sufficient contact with the sludge, resulting in low electrolysis efficiency. Therefore, improving the treatment device is the key to electrochemical removal and recovery of heavy metals in waste.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型针对现有处理装置的不足，提出了一种双层双阳极电化学去除并回收污泥中重金属装置。The utility model aims at the deficiency of the existing treatment device, and proposes a double-layer double-anode electrochemical removal and recycling heavy metal device in the sludge.
一种双层双阳极电化学去除并回收污泥中重金属装置，包括电源、双阳极电化学反应器、阴极电极、阳极电极和离子交换膜；A double-layer double-anode electrochemical removal and recovery of heavy metals in sludge device, including a power supply, double-anode electrochemical reactor, cathode electrode, anode electrode and ion exchange membrane;
所述双阳极电化学反应器整体分上下两层，由外圆柱筒、中圆柱筒、内圆柱筒、圆形下底板、圆形开口上底板和支架组成，且中圆柱筒、内圆柱筒和圆形开口上底板可拆卸组装，其中圆形开口的直径与内圆柱筒的内径相同；内圆柱筒、中圆柱筒和圆形开口上底板位于上层，被外圆柱筒环绕包围，通过支架支撑立于圆形下底板上，形成双层结构；三个圆柱筒底部均开放，中圆柱筒与内圆柱筒同轴固定在圆形开口上底板上，外圆柱筒同轴固定在圆形下底板上；内圆柱筒所围区域为一个阳极室，外圆柱筒与中圆柱筒所构成区域构成另一个阳极室，两个阳极室之间互通，上层内圆柱筒、中圆柱筒及圆形开口上底板所构成圆环形区域为阴极室，形成双阳极一阴极结构；所述的阴阳极室均设置有环形筒状电极，环形筒状电极包括两个环形筒状阳极电极和一个环形筒状阴极电极，两个环形筒状阳极电极和一个环形筒状阴极电极与电源连接，内圆柱筒和中圆柱筒表面开有多个对称的弧形通孔，离子交换膜设置在内圆柱筒和中圆柱筒外表面；电化学反应器阴极室资源回收管位于圆形开口上底板上，进料管与出料管对称位于外圆柱筒外侧，分别设有阀门并与加压泵相连接，所述的资源回收管上也设置有阀门。The double-anode electrochemical reactor is divided into upper and lower layers as a whole, and is composed of an outer cylindrical tube, a middle cylindrical tube, an inner cylindrical tube, a circular lower bottom plate, a circular opening upper bottom plate and a support, and the middle cylindrical tube, the inner cylindrical tube and the The upper bottom plate with circular opening can be disassembled and assembled. The diameter of the circular opening is the same as the inner diameter of the inner cylinder; On the circular lower bottom plate, a double-layer structure is formed; the bottoms of the three cylinders are all open, the middle cylinder and the inner cylinder are coaxially fixed on the circular opening upper bottom plate, and the outer cylinder is coaxially fixed on the circular lower bottom plate ; The area surrounded by the inner cylinder is an anode chamber, and the area formed by the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder forms another anode chamber. The two anode chambers communicate with each other. The formed annular area is a cathode chamber, forming a double anode-cathode structure; the cathode and anode chambers are all provided with annular cylindrical electrodes, and the annular cylindrical electrodes include two annular cylindrical anode electrodes and one annular cylindrical cathode electrode , two annular cylindrical anode electrodes and one annular cylindrical cathode electrode are connected to the power supply, there are multiple symmetrical arc-shaped through holes on the surface of the inner cylinder and the middle cylinder, and the ion exchange membrane is set in the inner cylinder and the middle cylinder The outer surface: the resource recovery pipe of the cathode chamber of the electrochemical reactor is located on the upper bottom plate of the circular opening, the feed pipe and the discharge pipe are symmetrically located outside the outer cylinder, and are respectively provided with valves and connected to the booster pump. The resources The recovery pipe is also provided with a valve.
所述电源为稳压直流电源；The power supply is a regulated DC power supply;
所述的环形筒状阴极电极为不锈钢电极；The annular cylindrical cathode electrode is a stainless steel electrode;
环形筒状阳极电极为环形铱钽钛合金电极；The annular cylindrical anode electrode is an annular iridium-tantalum-titanium alloy electrode;
离子交换膜直接通过玻璃胶粘贴在内圆柱筒和中圆柱筒外表面。The ion exchange membrane is directly pasted on the outer surface of the inner cylinder and the middle cylinder by glass glue.
装置使用过程中，离子交换膜可直接通过玻璃胶粘贴在内圆柱筒和中圆柱筒外表面，中圆柱筒、内圆柱筒和圆形开口上底板可直接拆卸组装，且两个阳极室之间互通。也可根据实际需求，通过电极位置的变化将双阳极一阴极电化学反应器变成双阴极一阳极电化学反应器，且电极材质可根据具体处理物质进行改变。During the use of the device, the ion exchange membrane can be directly pasted on the outer surface of the inner cylinder and the middle cylinder with glass glue, the middle cylinder, the inner cylinder and the upper bottom plate with the circular opening can be directly disassembled and assembled, and the two anode chambers intercommunication. It is also possible to change the double anode-cathode electrochemical reactor into a double-cathode-anode electrochemical reactor by changing the electrode position according to actual needs, and the electrode material can be changed according to the specific treatment substance.
有益效果：双环筒阳极的设计增加了污泥与电极的有效接触面积，双阳极室的设计使得整个电解过程始终有两个稳定的外加电源提供电能，双阳极室的互通保证了电解过程中污泥电解的均一性，有效利用了阴阳极电化学反应的作用，增加了污泥与电解液之间的膜交换面积，减少了离子迁移距离，重金属去除率高，电能利用率高，同时改善了重金属回收的问题，可以达到降低污染和资源回收的双重目的，兼具环境价值及经济效益。Beneficial effects: the design of the double-ring cylindrical anode increases the effective contact area between the sludge and the electrode, the design of the double anode chamber makes the whole electrolysis process always have two stable external power supplies to provide electric energy, and the interconnection of the double anode chamber ensures that the sewage in the electrolysis process The uniformity of sludge electrolysis makes effective use of the electrochemical reaction of cathode and anode, increases the membrane exchange area between sludge and electrolyte, reduces the ion migration distance, has high removal rate of heavy metals, high utilization rate of electric energy, and improves The problem of heavy metal recycling can achieve the dual goals of reducing pollution and recycling resources, and has both environmental value and economic benefits.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的装置示意图；Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of the present utility model;
图2为本实用新型的反应器主体三维示意图1；Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram 1 of the reactor main body of the present utility model;
图3为本实用新型的反应器主体三维示意图2；Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram 2 of the reactor main body of the present invention;
图4为本实用新型的反应器主体二维示意图。Fig. 4 is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the main body of the reactor of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1所示，一种双层双阳极电化学去除并回收污泥中重金属装置，包括电化学反应器、稳压直流电源1、阴极电极12、阳极电极4和14、机械搅拌器7和离子交换膜；As shown in Figure 1, a double-layer dual-anode electrochemical removal and recovery of heavy metals in sludge device, including electrochemical reactor, regulated DC power supply 1, cathode electrode 12, anode electrodes 4 and 14, mechanical stirrer 7 and ion exchange membrane;
如图2、3、4所示，所述的电化学反应器，由外圆柱筒3、中圆筒2、内圆柱筒13、圆形下底板9、圆形开口上底板8和支架6组成；中圆柱筒、内圆柱筒和圆形开口上底板可拆卸组装。其中内圆柱筒和中圆柱筒位于上层，被外圆柱筒环绕包围，通过支架支撑立于圆形下底板上，形成双层结构。三个圆柱筒底部均开放，中圆柱筒与内圆柱筒同轴固定在圆形开口上底板上，外圆柱筒同轴固定在圆形下底板上。内圆柱筒所围区域和外圆柱筒、中圆柱筒所构成区域分别为两个阳极室，阳极室之间互通，上层内圆柱筒、中圆柱筒及圆形开口上底板所构成圆环形区域为阴极室，形成双阳极一阴极结构。内圆柱筒和中圆柱筒表面开有多个对称的弧形通孔，离子交换膜通过玻璃胶粘贴在内圆柱筒和中圆柱筒外表面。电化学反应器阴极室资源回收管位于圆形开口上底板上，进料管与出料管5对称位于外圆柱筒外侧，分别设有阀门10并与加压泵11相连接，所述的资源回收管上也设置有阀门。As shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, the electrochemical reactor is composed of an outer cylinder 3, a middle cylinder 2, an inner cylinder 13, a circular lower bottom plate 9, a circular opening upper bottom plate 8 and a support 6. ; The middle cylinder, the inner cylinder and the upper bottom plate with the circular opening can be disassembled and assembled. Among them, the inner cylinder and the middle cylinder are located on the upper layer, surrounded by the outer cylinder, and supported by supports to stand on the circular lower bottom plate, forming a double-layer structure. The bottoms of the three cylinders are all open, the middle cylinder and the inner cylinder are coaxially fixed on the circular opening upper base, and the outer cylinder is coaxially fixed on the circular lower base. The area surrounded by the inner cylinder and the area formed by the outer cylinder and the middle cylinder are respectively two anode chambers, the anode chambers communicate with each other, and the upper inner cylinder, the middle cylinder and the upper bottom plate with a circular opening form a ring-shaped area For the cathode chamber, a double anode-cathode structure is formed. There are a plurality of symmetrical arc-shaped through holes on the surface of the inner cylinder and the middle cylinder, and the ion exchange membrane is pasted on the outer surface of the inner cylinder and the middle cylinder by glass glue. The resource recovery pipe in the cathode chamber of the electrochemical reactor is located on the upper bottom plate of the circular opening, and the feed pipe and the discharge pipe 5 are symmetrically located outside the outer cylinder, and are respectively provided with valves 10 and connected to a booster pump 11. The resources The recovery pipe is also provided with a valve.
在实验过程中，将污泥放置于两个阳极室中，阴极室加入电解液(视具体情况确定)，将圆筒状阳极板及不锈钢阴极板按要求放置于阴阳极室，并按图1所示连接电源及其他装置。通电进行电解即可。During the experiment, the sludge was placed in two anode chambers, and the cathode chamber was filled with electrolyte (depending on the specific situation), and the cylindrical anode plate and stainless steel cathode plate were placed in the cathode and anode chambers as required, and according to Figure 1 Connect power and other devices as shown. Electricity can be electrolyzed.
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