CN204991471U - Explosion -proof combination condenser - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an explosion -proof combination condenser, which comprises a metal housing, the position sleeve, core subassembly and crown cap subassembly, the metal casing is the open tube structure in upper end, the core subassembly passes through the position sleeve and fixes at the metal -back internally, and it is insulating between core subassembly and the metal casing, crown cap subassembly fixed mounting holds at metal shell opening, and make the metal -back bodily form become sealed chamber, the internal packing of metal -back has dip -mix, two lead -out wires that are equipped with on the core subassembly pass that to extend to the metal -back behind the crown cap subassembly external, the core subassembly is the capacity cell and the inductance of series connection each other. The utility model discloses simple structure is compact, small, inductance is more stable, and the loss is little, and insulation resistance is high, and the self -healing ability is good, the stable performance, and resistant impulse current is strong, and overload capacity is strong, fire and explosion protection, the security is high, and long service life is applicable to in the electrical apparatus such as washing machine, air conditioner, refrigerator.

Description

A kind of explosion-proof combined capacitor

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of capacitor, particularly the explosion-proof combined capacitor of one.

Background technology

Capacitor is a kind of element can storing electric charge, is also one of the most frequently used electronic component.In DC circuit, capacitor is equivalent to open circuit; In alternating current circuit, because sense of current becomes certain functional relation to change in time, and the process of capacitor charging/discharging is free, this time, the electric field of formation and modification between pole plate, and this electric field is also time dependent function, in fact, electric current is passed through between capacitor by the form of electric field.Capacitor has following effect:

Coupling: the electric capacity be used in coupling circuit is called coupling capacitance, this condenser network of a large amount of use in resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier and other capacitance coupling circuits, plays a stopping direct current and leads to alternating current function.

Filtering: the capacitor be used in filter circuit is called filter capacitor, in power filter and various filter circuit, use this condenser network, the signal in certain frequency range is removed by filter capacitor from resultant signal.

Decoupling: the capacitor be used in decoupling circuit is called decoupling capacitance, uses this condenser network in the direct voltage supply circuit of casacade multi-amplifier, and decoupling capacitance eliminates the harmful low frequency commissure between every grade of amplifier.

High frequency weakening: the electric capacity be used in high frequency shock absorbing circuit is called high frequency weakening electric capacity, in audio frequency negative feedback amplifier, in order to the high-frequency self-excitation that weakening may occur, adopts this condenser network, utters long and high-pitched sounds with the high frequency that erase amplifier may occur.

Resonance: the capacitor be used in LC resonant circuit is called resonant capacitance, all needs this condenser network in LC parallel connection and series resonant circuit.

Bypass: the capacitor be used in bypass circuit is called shunt capacitance, if need the signal removing a certain frequency range from signal in circuit, shunt capacitance circuit can be used, according to removed signal frequency difference, there are full frequency-domain (all AC signal) shunt capacitance circuit and high-frequency bypass capacitor circuit.

Neutralization: the capacitor be used in neutralizing circuit is called neutralizing capacitance.At broadcast receiver high frequency and intermediate frequency amplifier, in television set high-frequency amplifier, adopt this neutralizing capacitance circuit, to eliminate self-excitation.

Regularly: the capacitor be used in timing circuit is called timing capacitor.Needing to be undertaken using timing capacitor circuit in the circuit of time controling by capacitor charging, electric discharge, electric capacity plays a part to control time constant size.

Integration: the capacitor be used in integrating circuit is called integrating capacitor.In the synchronizing separator circuit of electric potential field scanning, adopt this integrating capacitor circuit, field sync signal can be taken out from the composite synchronizing signal of field.

Differential: the capacitor be used in differential circuit is called differential capacitance.In order to obtain pinnacle triggering signal in flip-flop circuit, adopt this differential capacitance circuit, to obtain pointed peaky pulse triggering signal from all kinds of (mainly rectangular pulse) signal.

Compensate: the capacitor be used in compensating circuit is called building-out capacitor, in the bass compensation of deck, uses this low-frequency compensation condenser network, to promote the low frequency signal in playback signal, in addition, also have high frequency compensation condenser network.

Bootstrapping: the capacitor be used in boostrap circuit is called bootstrap capacitor, and conventional OTL power amplifier output-stage circuit adopts this bootstrap capacitor circuit, with the positive half cycle amplitude of a small amount of promotion signal of mode by positive feedback.

Frequency division: the capacitor in frequency dividing circuit is called frequency division electric capacity, in the loud speaker frequency dividing circuit of audio amplifier, use frequency division condenser network, to make tweeter be operated in high band, mid frequency ludspeaker is operated in Mid Frequency, and woofer is operated in low-frequency range.

Load capacitance: refer to the effective extraneous electric capacity determining load resonant frequency together with quartz-crystal resonator.The standard value that load capacitance is commonly used has 16pF, 20pF, 30pF, 50pF and 100pF.Load capacitance can do suitable adjustment as the case may be, generally the operating frequency of resonator can be transferred to nominal value by adjusting.

In prior art, be applied to the non-series inductance of explosion prevention capacitor in the electrical equipment such as washing machine, air-conditioning, refrigerator, or adopt external, its shock-resistant current capacity is little, and external inductance type explosion prevention capacitor small product size is large, burdensome; External inductance coil easily damages when using, and there is hidden danger; Lead-in wire waste is serious, and cost is high; And the exoskeletal support of inductance coil, yielding, inductance parameters is unstable; By easily electric leakage after high pressure blast.

Summary of the invention

(1) technical problem that will solve

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be to provide a kind of simple and compact for structure, volume is little, inductance parameters is more stable, loss is little, and insulation resistance is high, and self-healing ability is good, stable performance, shock-resistant electric current is strong, and overload capacity is strong, fire-proof and explosion-proof, fail safe is high, the explosion-proof combined capacitor of long service life.

(2) technical scheme

The invention provides a kind of explosion-proof combined capacitor, it comprises metal shell 1, positioning sleeve, core component and crown cap assembly, described metal shell 1 is the uncovered tube structure in upper end, described core component is fixed in described metal shell 1 by positioning sleeve, and insulate between described core component and described metal shell 1, described crown cap assembly is fixedly mounted on described metal shell 1 openend, and make described metal shell 1 form annular seal space, impregnating agent is filled with in described metal shell 1, two lead-out wires that described core component is provided with extend to outside described metal shell 1 through after described crown cap assembly, described core component is capacity cell and the inductance 3 of series connection mutually.

Further, described inductance 3 is made up of plastic skeleton 31 and the enamelled wire be wrapped on described plastic skeleton 31.

Further, described plastic skeleton 31 comprises a cylinder, and the two ends of described cylinder extend radially outwardly and form stopper section, and form winding section between stopper section described in described cylinder sidewall and two, described enamelled wire is wrapped on described winding section.

Further, described inductance 3 is coaxially arranged on upper end or the lower end of described capacity cell.

Further, described positioning sleeve comprises the upper positioning sleeve 201 being set in described core component upper end and the lower positioning sleeve 202 being set in described core component lower end.

Further, it is annular capacitor element 21 and the core 22 being set in described capacitor element 21 center that described capacity cell comprises cross section, and the both ends of the surface of described capacitor element 21 are provided with electrode end surface 23, and described in two, electrode end surface is provided with lead-out wire.

Further, described lead-out wire comprises the first lead-out wire 41 being welded on lower end electrode end face and the second lead-out wire 42 being welded on upper end electrode end face, described first lead-out wire 41 extends to outside described metal shell 1 through after described core 22 centre bore, described upper positioning sleeve and described crown cap assembly successively, and described inductance 3 is connected on described first lead-out wire 41.

Further, described crown cap assembly comprises metal cap body 51 and is fixed on the explosion-proof block 52 of described metal cap body 51 lower end, two rivets are from bottom to top successively through extending to outside described crown cap assembly after described explosion-proof block 52 and metal cap body 51, the bottom surface of described explosion-proof block is provided with electric connecting sheet 58, described electric connecting sheet 58 is by connecting line 57 and described rivet interlacement, and the distance between the tie point at described connecting line two ends and the difference between described connecting line length are less than bulging deformation amount during described metal cap body pressurized.

Further, the connecting line of tension is connected with between described electric connecting sheet and described rivet.

Further, the inner chamber lower end of described metal shell 1 is provided with division board 102, the arc of described division board 102 for raising up, the inner chamber of described metal shell is divided into epicoele and cavity of resorption by described division board 102, described positioning sleeve and described core component are arranged in described epicoele, the inwall of described epicoele is provided with the annular protrusion 103 for placing described positioning sleeve, is filled with nitrogen or carbon dioxide in described cavity of resorption.

(3) beneficial effect

The explosion-proof combined capacitor of the present invention, simple and compact for structure, volume is little, inductance parameters is more stable, loss is little, and insulation resistance is high, and self-healing ability is good, stable performance, and shock-resistant electric current is strong, and overload capacity is strong, fire-proof and explosion-proof, long service life; Capacitor does not explode, not on fire, be disconnected from the circuit after capacitor breaks down; When capacitor failure lost efficacy, produce a large amount of gas, interior pressure increases, and make crown cap deformation protruding, break connecting line, thus electric wire and crown cap are disconnected, form open circuit, protective circuit, fail safe is high, is applicable in the electrical equipment such as washing machine, air-conditioning, refrigerator.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the explosion-proof combined capacitor of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the broken circuit protecting equipment in the crown cap assembly of the explosion-proof combined capacitor of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the division board of the explosion-proof combined capacitor of the present invention.

Embodiment

Consult Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of explosion-proof combined capacitor, it comprises metal shell 1, positioning sleeve, core component and crown cap assembly, metal shell 1 is the uncovered tube structure in upper end, in the present embodiment, this metal shell is made of aluminum and overall cylindrical, core component is fixed in metal shell 1 by positioning sleeve, and insulate between core component and metal shell 1, namely core component is set in positioning sleeve, positioning sleeve is set in metal shell again, owing to being separated with the positioning sleeve of insulation between core component and metal shell, therefore the insulation between metal shell and core component is achieved, crown cap assembly is fixedly mounted on metal shell 1 openend, this crown cap assembly makes metal shell 1 inside form an annular seal space, impregnating agent is filled with in metal shell 1 (annular seal space), i.e. capacitor oil, capacitor oil is a kind of lubricating oil, usually add antioxidant modulation by the lube base oil of deep refining to form, main performance is cryogenic property, oxidation stability and dielectric loss, cryogenic property refers under cryogenic, oil is energy convection current automatically in electric equipment, derive heat and the necessary mobility of instantaneous trip arc current, generally all require that pour point is low less with viscosity during low temperature, in electric equipment, oil is subject to the effect of heat under electric field action and oxygen for a long time and is oxidized, and add the oil product of antioxidant and matal deactivator, its oxidation stability is better, (dielectric loss is the degree of reflection oil product its dielectric loss under AC field, generally represents with the tangent value of dielectric loss angle (δ) (tan δ)), capacitor oil is the oil product for playing insulation impregnating or damp proof insulation effect in capacitor (mainly power capacitor or electrostatic condenser), at present, following three kinds: PXE (1,1-phenyl xylyl ethane), PEPE (phenyl ethylbenzene ethane), M/DBT (benzyl toluene class alloyd oil) is had for high field intensity, jumbo capacitor oil both at home and abroad, core component is provided with two lead-out wires, and this two lead-out wire extends to outside metal shell 1 through after crown cap assembly, and in the present embodiment, this core component is capacity cell and the inductance 3 of series connection mutually, conveniently install fixing, be provided with connecting portion 101 at the bottom surface of metal shell 1, be provided with external screw thread at the sidewall of connecting portion 101, during installation, to be inserted in installing hole and to be fixed by nut.

Below all parts structure is described in detail;

Inductance 3 is coaxially arranged on upper end or the lower end of capacity cell, and in the present embodiment, inductance 3 is positioned at the lower end of capacity cell, and is set in lower positioning sleeve; This inductance 3 is made up of plastic skeleton 31 and the enamelled wire be wrapped on plastic skeleton 31; Concrete, this plastic skeleton 31 comprises a cylinder, the two ends radial direction (perpendicular to axis direction) of cylinder stretches out and forms stopper section, and between cylinder sidewall and two stopper sections, form winding section, enamelled wire is wrapped on this winding section, and winding section makes the winding width of enamelled wire and finite thickness and uses; Enamelled wire is made up of conductor and insulating barrier two parts, and bare wire after annealing softening, then through repeatedly painting, curing and forming.

Positioning sleeve comprises the upper positioning sleeve 201 being set in core component upper end and the lower positioning sleeve 202 being set in core component lower end, in the present embodiment, inductance is positioned at lower positioning sleeve, and positioning sleeve is made up of insulating material, core component and metal shell separate by it, and both realizations are insulated.

Capacity cell comprises cross section for the capacitor element 21 of (circle) annular and the core (plug) 22 being set in capacitor element 21 center, be equipped with the electrode end surface 23 for conducting electricity in the both ends of the surface of capacitor element 21, two electrode end surfaces are welded with lead-out wire; Concrete, this lead-out wire comprises the first lead-out wire 41 being welded on lower end electrode end face and the second lead-out wire 42 being welded on upper end electrode end face, first lead-out wire 41 extends to outside metal shell 1 through after core 22 centre bore, upper positioning sleeve and crown cap assembly successively, and inductance 3 is connected on this first lead-out wire 41; Second lead-out wire is successively through extending to outside metal shell 1 after upper positioning sleeve and crown cap assembly; Capacitor element 21 in the present embodiment is made up of high temperature resistant MPP, because MPP is current material, is therefore not described in detail in the present embodiment; MPP has good electric insulating quality, excellent electric insulating quality, tension compressive property is good and have higher heat distortion temperature and low temperature impact properties;

The electrode end surface at capacitor element two ends is formed by metal spraying, and metal spraying is method, and it is EFI or gas blowout, and effect is drawn by electrode by metal spraying coating by the coat of metal, is convenient to welding; In the present embodiment, the metal sprayed is zinc; In order to the weld strength of counter electrode end face, conductivity and cost, the thickness of electrode end surface is more than or equal to 0.3mm and is less than or equal to 1mm; Preferably, the thickness of electrode end surface is 0.6mm, and under this thickness, the intensity of electrode end surface is high, and be beneficial to welding and conduction, resistance to overturning is good, and production cost is low.

Crown cap assembly is arranged on the openend of metal shell by sealed, and metal shell is divided into a seal chamber by it, this crown cap assembly comprises metal cap body 51, explosion-proof block 52 and insulation board 53, the edge of metal cap body 51 is fixed on the openend of metal shell 1 by sealed, binding agent is provided with between metal cap body and the crimping of metal shell, this binding agent not only increases both bonding strength, also there is good sealing, improve integral sealing effect, when annular seal space inside produces high pressure, this metal-back knows from experience the plastic deformation producing and upwards heave, explosion-proof block 52 is arranged on the lower surface of metal cap body 51, the upper surface of explosion-proof block 52 concaves formation installation cavity, insulation board 53 is between metal cap body 51 and explosion-proof block, and be positioned at installation cavity, two rivets 54 are from bottom to top successively through extending to outside metal cap body 51 after explosion-proof block 52 and insulation board 53, circular orientation block is provided with at the sidewall of this rivet, this circular orientation block end face is pressed together on the bottom surface of insulation board, insulation board is tightly fixed on metal shell bottom surface, the head of two rivets 54 respectively with two lead-out wires of core component by being welded to connect, the afterbody of rivet is welded with electric wire,

In order to improve overall tightness and stability, rivet is arranged with sealing ring 55, sealing circle is between metal cap body and insulation board; Be provided with two insulated columns 56 at metal cap body end face, the end face of insulated column 56 is provided with cavity, and rivet is through insulated column and be fixedly connected with the metallic gasket being fitted in cavity bottom surface, and wire welding is on this metallic gasket; In order to improve overall security, improve waterproof and dust-proof effect, insulating material is filled with in the cavity of insulated column, in the present embodiment, this insulating material is epoxy resin, solder joint between electric wire and metallic gasket buries also and air insulated by the insulating material of this filling, improve the bonding strength between electric wire and metallic gasket, electric wire is avoided to make it depart from from metallic gasket by pulling force, and good insulation effect can be reached, and it is outer and cause and get rusty and corrode to prevent solder joint to be exposed to air, which raises bulk strength, job stability extend useful life.

Annular protrusion is provided with at the bottom surface of explosion-proof block, protection chamber is formed between annular protrusion, explosion-proof block bottom surface and positioning sleeve upper surface, rivet is positioned at protection chamber, namely the solder joint of lead-out wire and rivet head is positioned at this protection chamber, when the long-time high voltage of capacitor is overheated, make inner generation high pressure, under high pressure, crown cap component integration is upwards heaved, and lead-out wire and rivet depart under the effect of pulling force, realize power-off protection, meanwhile, the lead-out wire the end of a thread after disengaging, in protection chamber, can not contact with metal shell, avoid electric leakage, improve overall security; In order to improve fail safe further, the edge of upper positioning sleeve axially upwards extends to form ring jacket, and annular protrusion is positioned at this ring jacket, and it can better avoid the lead-out wire disconnected to contact with metal shell.

Consult Fig. 2, lead-out wire is realized and rivet departs from and power-off in order to ensure when crown cap assembly is upwards heaved by high pressure, electric connecting sheet 58 is provided with in the bottom surface of explosion-proof block, the upper surface of this electric connecting sheet 58 and have gap between the rivet lower surface of upper end, a connecting line is provided with in this gap, copper wire is adopted in the present embodiment, the two ends of connecting line are connected on electric connecting sheet and rivet, and the distance (tie point of connecting line and rivet between two tie points, the tie point of connecting line and electric connecting sheet) and connecting line length between difference be less than the bulging deformation amount of capacitor by metal cap body when pressing in high,

Such as: the tie point between rivet and connecting line is a1, tie point between electric connecting sheet and connecting line is a2, distance then between two tie points is a, and the length being connected to the connecting line between this rivet and this electric connecting sheet is b, then both differences are H, H=b-a, and difference H is less than capacitor by pressing (when capacitor failure lost efficacy in height, produce a large amount of gas, interior pressure increases, and makes crown cap deformation protruding) time the metal cap body deflection upwards heaved.Owing to having two rivets and two electric connecting sheets, therefore there are two difference H, only need a difference to meet above-mentioned condition and can realize auto-cutout.In order to improve power-off stability, in the present embodiment, the length of connecting line is equal with the distance between two tie points, and therefore difference H is zero, and namely connecting line adopts the form of tension.

Groove is provided with at the bottom surface of explosion-proof block, the upper end of groove is communicated with the installation cavity of upper end by an aperture, rivet be positioned at installation cavity and rivet from bottom to top successively through insulation board with to extend to crown cap assembly after metal cap body outer and be connected with the inserted sheet of metal cap body upper end, inserted sheet is used for being electrically connected with extraneous carrier, electric connecting sheet is arranged in groove, can fix or kink, be welded to connect line in the upper end of electric connecting sheet, the other end of connecting line welds together with rivet through after this aperture.

In order to can meet loading demands and can realize smooth open circuit, the diameter of this connecting line is more than or equal to 0.2mm and is less than or equal to 1mm, and usual gap is junction (namely near solder joint).

In order to improve fail safe further, in the present embodiment, also be provided with division board 102, consult Fig. 3, this division board is sealedly connected on the inner chamber of metal shell 1, preferably, be arranged on inner chamber lower end, metal shell inner chamber is divided into epicoele and cavity of resorption by it, the arc of this division board 102 for raising up, its thickness is less than the wall thickness of metal shell, and its height of projection is less than 1cm;

The annular protrusion 103 for placement positioning cover is provided with at the inwall of epicoele, during installation, the bottom surface of positioning sleeve contacts with the upper surface of this annular protrusion and realizes axial location, is filled with nitrogen or carbon dioxide in cavity of resorption, and it is 1.3-1.8Mpa that nitrogen or carbon dioxide fill pressure; In order to improve integrated explosion proof system, fail safe further, in metal shell, being provided with interlayer, in this interlayer, being filled with nitrogen or carbon dioxide;

Above-mentioned interlayer can realize in the following ways: the cavity arranging bar shaped in the sidewall of metal shell; the length direction of this cavity is parallel to the axis direction of metal shell; and this cavity circumference is distributed in metal shell sidewall; and in cavity fill on nitrogen or carbon dioxide, it forms a protective cover.

The explosion-proof combined capacitor of the present invention, compact conformation, volume are little, inductance parameters is more stable, and loss is little, and insulation resistance is high, and self-healing ability is good, stable performance, and shock-resistant electric current is strong, and overload capacity is strong, fire-proof and explosion-proof, long service life; Capacitor does not explode, not on fire, be disconnected from the circuit after capacitor breaks down; When capacitor failure lost efficacy, produce a large amount of gas, interior pressure increases, and make crown cap deformation protruding, break connecting line, thus electric wire and crown cap are disconnected, form open circuit, protective circuit, fail safe is high, is applicable in the electrical equipment such as washing machine, air-conditioning, refrigerator.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. an explosion-proof combined capacitor, it is characterized in that: comprise metal shell (1), positioning sleeve, core component and crown cap assembly, described metal shell (1) is the uncovered tube structure in upper end, described core component is fixed in described metal shell (1) by positioning sleeve, and insulate between described core component and described metal shell (1), described crown cap assembly is fixedly mounted on described metal shell (1) openend, and make described metal shell (1) form annular seal space, described metal shell is filled with impregnating agent in (1), two lead-out wires that described core component is provided with extend to described metal shell (1) outward through after described crown cap assembly, described core component is capacity cell and the inductance (3) of series connection mutually.

2. explosion-proof combined capacitor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described inductance (3) is made up of plastic skeleton (31) and the enamelled wire be wrapped on described plastic skeleton (31).

3. explosion-proof combined capacitor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described plastic skeleton (31) comprises a cylinder, the two ends of described cylinder extend radially outwardly and form stopper section, form winding section between stopper section described in described cylinder sidewall and two, described enamelled wire is wrapped on described winding section.

4. explosion-proof combined capacitor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described inductance (3) is coaxially arranged on upper end or the lower end of described capacity cell.

5. explosion-proof combined capacitor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described positioning sleeve comprises the upper positioning sleeve (201) being set in described core component upper end and the lower positioning sleeve (202) being set in described core component lower end.

6. explosion-proof combined capacitor as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: it is annular capacitor element (21) and the core (22) being set in described capacitor element (21) center that described capacity cell comprises cross section, the both ends of the surface of described capacitor element (21) are provided with electrode end surface (23), and described in two, electrode end surface is provided with lead-out wire.

7. explosion-proof combined capacitor as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described lead-out wire comprises the first lead-out wire (41) being welded on lower end electrode end face and the second lead-out wire (42) being welded on upper end electrode end face, described first lead-out wire (41) extends to described metal shell (1) outward through after described core (22) centre bore, described upper positioning sleeve and described crown cap assembly successively, and described inductance (3) is connected on described first lead-out wire (41).

8. the explosion-proof combined capacitor as described in any one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that: described crown cap assembly comprises metal cap body (51) and is fixed on the explosion-proof block (52) of described metal cap body (51) lower end, two rivets are from bottom to top successively through extending to outside described crown cap assembly after described explosion-proof block (52) and metal cap body (51), the bottom surface of described explosion-proof block is provided with electric connecting sheet (58), described electric connecting sheet (58) is by connecting line (57) and described rivet interlacement, distance between the tie point at described connecting line two ends and the difference between described connecting line length are less than bulging deformation amount during described metal cap body pressurized.

9. explosion-proof combined capacitor as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: the connecting line being connected with tension between described electric connecting sheet and described rivet.

10. explosion-proof combined capacitor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inner chamber lower end of described metal shell (1) is provided with division board (102), described division board (102) arc for raising up, the inner chamber of described metal shell is divided into epicoele and cavity of resorption by described division board (102), described positioning sleeve and described core component are arranged in described epicoele, the inwall of described epicoele is provided with the annular protrusion (103) for placing described positioning sleeve, is filled with nitrogen or carbon dioxide in described cavity of resorption.