CN204959051U - Aluminium electroloysis solid waste material's device is handled and retrieved - Google Patents
Aluminium electroloysis solid waste material's device is handled and retrieved Download PDFInfo
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- CN204959051U CN204959051U CN201520637590.9U CN201520637590U CN204959051U CN 204959051 U CN204959051 U CN 204959051U CN 201520637590 U CN201520637590 U CN 201520637590U CN 204959051 U CN204959051 U CN 204959051U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an aluminium electroloysis solid waste material's device is handled and retrieved, includes refractory material wall body, alkali metal crystallizer, thermal -insulated apron, metal covering, electrode and vice material room, electrolyte crystallization chamber and the alkali metal crystallization chamber at stove outer covering, bell, stove inside lining, oven refractory material wall body, stove bottom refractory material liner, the resistance heating body, the interior middle part of stove, the resistance heating body constitute by the fragment that the particle diameter is less than 10cm's useless negative pole charcoal piece. The utility model discloses a thorough separation of charcoal, alkali metal and electrolyte in useless negative pole charcoal piece and the charcoal inside lining can be realized to the device, is an energy -concerving and environment -protective aluminium electroloysis solid waste material processing apparatus, and is especially adapted in industrial extensive popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to metallurgy environment technical field, particularly the device of a kind of process and recovery electrolysis of aluminum solid waste.
Background technology
In industry, aluminium adopts cryolite-alumina electrolyte system, electrolysis production under the temperature condition of 950 ~ 980 DEG C, in Aluminium Electrolysis process, produces following 4 kinds of solid wastes:
1, waste cathode carbon block.Waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell charcoal block refers to that aluminium cell is through electrolysis after a while, after there is bottom land breakage, the bottom land cathode carbon pieces taken out from the electrolyzer of breakage and side wall carbon block, wherein also comprise the charcoal block formed by ramming paste between side wall carbon block and bottom cathode charcoal block, and the charcoal block that the ramming paste between cathode carbon pieces is formed under electrolysis temperature condition.In Aluminium Electrolysis process, small part Sodium Fluoride also can be reduced electrochemically as sodium Metal 99.5.In the whole life cycle of electrolyzer, ionogen and sodium Metal 99.5 can permeate always in carbonaceous cathode material.Therefore, at the electrolysis of aluminum waste cathode carbon block gone out from damaged plow generally containing the ionogen of about 30% and the sodium Metal 99.5 of about about 10% of having an appointment.The mean lifetime of the electrolyzer that current China electrolytic aluminium factory uses was at about 5 years, the electrolytic aluminium factory of 1,000,000 tons/year is produced per year for one, the annual waste cathode carbon block produced is about about 10,000 tons, that is electrolytic aluminium factory often produces 100 tons of electrolytic aluminums, will produce the waste cathode carbon block of 1 ton.
2, useless electrolyzer refractory lining.Useless electrolyzer refractory lining is that the crack that ionogen is formed by the hole of cathode carbon pieces and the crack of cathode bottom block and the ramming paste between cathode bottom block and sole piece in electrolytic process penetrates in the refractory materials of charcoal cathode bottom block bottom, and react with refractory materials and formed.Therefore, useless electrolyzer refractory lining reacts the compound generated primarily of ionogen, ionogen and refractory materials, and unreacted refractory materials forms, and wherein ionogen and refractory materials react the compound generated and be mainly by Na
2o, Al
2o
3and SiO
2the compound formed.In aluminium electrolytic refractory lining, also comprise a kind of carborundum refractory liner by silicon nitride bonded silicon, this carborundum refractory liner by silicon nitride bonded silicon, is only applied in the sidepiece of large scale electrolytic cell.
3, anode breeze.Refinery coke after the anode of cryolite-alumina electrolyte system uses calcining is broken into that different grades mixes with coal-tar pitch, kneading and compacting, then makes after roasting.In the production process of electrolysis of aluminum, carbon anode constantly consumes, every electrolysis production one ton of metallic aluminium needs consumption 0.334 ton of carbon anode in theory, and in fact often produce one ton of metallic aluminium, carbon anode consumes more than 0.4 ton, namely actual carbon anode consumption consumes many about 70kg/t-Al than theoretical carbon anode, have up to more than 100kg/t-Al, the CO of this 70 ~ 100kg/t-Al consumed mainly in air and electrolyzer more
2carbon anode be oxidized and lose, also having sizable part consumption to be that in electrolytic process, part charcoal comes off to enter in electrolyzer from anode and becomes breeze.This breeze has finely powdered and particulate state, consolute in or be suspended in the physical and chemical performance that not only can affect aluminium electrolyte in ionogen, as specific conductivity, viscosity etc., also the working order of electrolyzer and the current efficiency of electrolyzer are impacted.Thus electrolysis workman is needed regularly to be pulled out from electrolyzer by these breezes, and in the breeze pulled out, adhered to a large amount of ionogen, ratio accounts for 70%, this breeze is given it up by electrolytic aluminium factory, also have by bulk containing after the too high breeze carbon block smashing of electrolyte ingredient, turn back in electrolyzer, and tiny breeze is still discarded, and then caused charcoal and electrolytical loss and to environment.Often produce 1 ton of aluminium in usual industrial cell and about produce 3 ~ 5kg breeze, the electrolytic aluminium factory of an annual output 500000 tons of metallic aluminiums, the breeze amount of a year is about 1500 ~ 2000 tons.
4, aluminium ash.Usually the aluminium slag will clawed in the aluminum holding furnace from electrolytic aluminum molding floor, and lay the slag come in aluminium ingot (rod or plate) castingprocesses, and the slag charge that pouring aluminium ladle liner adheres to is referred to as aluminium slag.The main component of aluminium slag is the powdery aluminum that formed after aluminum oxidation and the coated a small amount of reunion shape metallic aluminium of powdery aluminum.Aluminium slag sieves after ball milling, can sift out the metallic aluminium of reunion shape, and the powder under sieve is called as aluminium ash.Aluminium ash is made up of tiny granular metallic aluminium and aluminum oxide, and the ionogen fluorochemical wherein also inevitably having trace exists.No matter be that electrolytic aluminium factory or aluminium slag reclaim individual workship at present, all this part " aluminium ash " abandoned it as rubbish, environment is affected greatly.
Except the solid waste that above-mentioned 4 kinds of Aluminium Electrolysis produce, the Al-Fe alloy produced by bottom of electrolytic tank breakage leakage aluminium fusing cathode steel bar, although do not belong to solid waste in principle, but because its amount is little, alloying constituent is not fixed again, is thus often used as rubbish by electrolytic aluminium factory and abandons in company with the liner of electrolyzer.
At present, there is no one technically electrolysis of aluminum solid waste is effectively processed with method all feasible economically and reclaims.But explore process and reclaim aluminium cell and produce the method for solid waste produced, being turned waste into wealth is hope and the research topic of people always.This wherein, enjoy people pay close attention to most study be process and the recycling of waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell charcoal block and anode breeze, this is because the compound component of charcoal, electrolyte components and charcoal in waste cathode carbon block and anode breeze is all the components with very large recovery value, and amount is large, if abandon it, not only valuable component wherein can not get recycling, and fluoride components wherein can cause very large impact to environment.Comparatively speaking, to the recycling of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer then study few.As far back as the fifties in last century, how people processes and recycles waste cathode carbon block and the breeze that generation produced by aluminium cell if just beginning one's study, these methods are as the additive in other chemical process nothing more than three kinds: 1, as using the additive of waste cathode carbon block grinds as manufacture of cement, but this part consumption is little, because too many, the fluorochemical in its waste cathode carbon block can affect the quality of cement, therefore not welcome by cement producer; 2 is as fuel, but also there is secondary pollution problem as fuel; 3 is the ionogen reclaimed wherein, this wherein most study be adopt the method for flotation to be separated with electrolyte components with the charcoal in waste cathode carbon block by anode breeze, but up to now, this method is not yet successfully applied in industrial, because adopt flotation process fully not separated from waste cathode carbon block by ionogen, and the waste water that floatation process produces also easily causes secondary pollution.1958, a kind of method adopting distillation method to be separated electrolyte components in waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell charcoal block is proposed in the patent of US2858198, but the device that this method adopts is tower structure, heating means are external heat, probably because device complexity, operational difficulty, the more high reason of energy consumption also fail industrially to be applied up to now.
Utility model content
For the problems referred to above, the utility model provides a kind of process and reclaims the device of electrolysis of aluminum solid waste, utilizes the conduction property of waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell charcoal block solid parts to make high temperature vacuum resistance furnace using waste cathode carbon block fragment as resistance heater; the resistance heat of waste cathode carbon block fragment is utilized to produce high temperature, the chunky shape material of waste cathode carbon block is made to be heated to 1000-1400 DEG C under vacuum, electrolyte ingredient in waste cathode carbon block fragment is evaporated and condenses in ionogen crystallisation chamber, on basic metal (Na or Na-K alloy) in waste cathode carbon block fragment is evaporated and is agglomerated in basic metal crystallisation chamber basic metal crystallizer, utilize simultaneously and thisly by the heat of high temperature of waste cathode carbon block fragment that heats, the pressure that the levigate material of the anode breeze material of the pair material indoor adjacent with resistance heater or useless electrolyzer refractory lining abrasive dust material and aluminium ash or Al-Fe alloy is mixed is rolled into a ball material and be heated to 900-1200 DEG C, electrolyte components in anode breeze or waste refractory materials is evaporated, condense in ionogen crystallisation chamber, the pressure that electrolyzer waste refractory materials liner abrasive dust material and aluminium ash or the levigate material of Al-Fe alloy are mixed rolls into a ball the basic metal (sodium or Na-K alloy etc.) of expecting to react generation under elevated temperature in vacuo by the basic metal crystallizer that is agglomerated to after being evaporated in basic metal crystallisation chamber.
Refractory materials body of wall, basic metal crystallizer, heat insulation cover plate, metal cap, electrode and pair that the device of process of the present utility model and recovery electrolysis of aluminum solid waste comprises in the middle part of in furnace shell, bell, inner lining of furnace, furnace wall refractory body of wall, bottom refractory lining body, resistance heater, stove expect room, ionogen crystallisation chamber and basic metal crystallisation chamber;
Described furnace shell is a box metal shell, is made up of sheet metal material; The outer, top of furnace shell has flange arrangement, and the outer wall of the primary reformer shell under flange arrangement is provided with watercooling jacket, and the furnace shell of flange arrangement bottom is welded with vacuum exhaust pipe; Also be welded with the vacuum pressure gauge of gas-filled valve and display furnace pressure and the vacuum condition that can be filled with argon gas or other rare gas element in stove along place under furnace shell top flange structure;
Described bell steel metallic substance is made, and furnace shell is provided with vacuum packing ring between the flange arrangement on edge and bell;
Described inner lining of furnace is made up of stove lateral lining and bottom lining, the inwall of stove lateral lining is the body of wall that refractory materials is made, be called furnace wall refractory body of wall, the internal layer of bottom lining is the lining body be made up of refractory materials, be called bottom refractory lining body, be the lining body be made up of lagging material between furnace wall refractory body of wall and sidewall furnace shell, be called furnace wall lagging material lining body; Lining body for being made up of lagging material between bottom refractory lining body and furnace bottom furnace shell, is called bottom heat insulation material lining body;
Described furnace wall refractory body of wall is higher than furnace wall lagging material lining body, and slot-type openings is arranged at the top of furnace wall refractory body of wall, by this slot-type openings, ionogen crystallisation chamber is communicated with basic metal crystallisation chamber;
The refractory materials body of wall at middle part is seated on bottom refractory lining body in described stove, and to serve as a contrast body vertical with bottom refractory, and near the medial surface body of wall vertically upward of resistance heater; In stove, the height of middle part refractory materials body of wall is equal to or less than the height of furnace wall refractory body of wall, when in stove, the height of middle part refractory materials body of wall equals the height of furnace wall refractory body of wall, in stove, the top of middle part refractory materials body of wall is provided with slot-type openings, by this slot-type openings, pair is expected that the ionogen crystallisation chamber on top, room is communicated with the ionogen crystallisation chamber above resistance heater;
Described heat insulation cover plate refractory materials makes, and is positioned at the top of furnace wall refractory body of wall; The outer of heat insulation cover plate is greater than the outer of furnace wall refractory body of wall;
Described metal cap is a rectangle bucket having end uncovered, and left-hand thread on thermal baffle, and makes the bucket wall of metal cap be inserted in basic metal crystallizer; On metal cap, bell be arranged with warming plate;
Described basic metal crystallizer is made up of stainless steel plate, and basic metal crystallizer outer wall is close to the inwall of the furnace shell with watercooling jacket, and the bottom of basic metal crystallizer is a groove-shaped design; Basic metal crystalliser feet is positioned at the upper surface of furnace wall lagging material lining body;
Described resistance heater is less than the waste cathode carbon block of 10cm fragment by particle diameter forms; The fragment of waste cathode carbon block is placed in by the space of the long strip shape surrounded between the refractory materials body of wall at middle part in furnace wall refractory body of wall, stove and the graphite body of two electrodes, forms resistance heater; Resistance heater is higher than graphite body 0 ~ 30cm;
Described electrode is made up of two portions electrical conductor, and the electrical conductor of the part that contacts with resistance heater inside stove is graphite body; The section form of graphite body is rectangle; The electrical conductor be connected with graphite body is metallic conductor, is called metal electrode, and its section is circular; The cross-sectional area of metal electrode is less than the cross-sectional area of graphite body, is connected with water coolant in metal electrode; Insulation seal device is had between metal electrode and furnace shell;
Described pair material room is its highly identical with the resistance heating height space surrounded with two interelectrode furnace wall refractory bodies of wall by the refractory materials body of wall at stove middle part be positioned on bottom refractory lining body.
Described ionogen crystallisation chamber has two kinds, and one is positioned on resistance heater, under heat insulation cover plate by the space surrounded higher than the refractory materials body of wall at middle part in the furnace wall refractory body of wall of resistance heater and stove; Another kind of ionogen crystallisation chamber is positioned on secondary material charge level position, room, under heat insulation cover plate by the space formed higher than the furnace wall refractory body of wall between the refractory materials body of wall at middle part in the stove of resistance heater and two electrodes;
Described basic metal crystallisation chamber is positioned on furnace wall lagging material lining body, by higher than the space surrounded between the furnace wall refractory body of wall of resistance heater and basic metal crystallizer; In basic metal crystallization chamber, the bucket wall of the metal cap of left-hand thread on heat insulation cover plate extend in basic metal crystallisation chamber from the top down.
In said apparatus, there is an electrode at the two ends of each individual resistors heating element, and one of them is for entering electrode, and another is for going out electric electrode; When resistance heater is U-shaped design or П type arranges, two electrodes of resistance heater are in the same side of furnace shell; When resistance heater be two be parallel to each other and separate straight line body design time, two electrodes of each individual resistors heating element lay respectively on side corresponding to two of furnace shell, now, two electrodes of same side are connected with power supply, connect with metallic conductor between two electrodes of another side, make heating current flow into another resistance heater in same stove from a resistance heater; Also, after two of an opposite side electrode can being connected with metallic conductor, the heating current of this device is input in another device identical with its structure; Namely the resistance heater made by waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell charcoal block is the heat source body making to produce in stove resistance heat, is again a kind of aluminium cell solid waste being processed and will reclaiming.
Above-mentioned pair material room is rolled into a ball for the pressure of loading the anode breeze or the levigate material of electrolyzer waste refractory materials that will process and reclaim and aluminium ash or the levigate material of Al-Fe alloy and being mixed and is expected.
The distance of the bucket wall of above-mentioned metal cap and the bottom of basic metal crystallizer is at 5 ~ 30cm.
The using method of the device of a kind of process of the present utility model and recovery electrolysis of aluminum solid waste is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) particle diameter is become to be less than the fragment of 10cm waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell carbon block smashing, be placed on bottom refractory lining body, in the space formed by the graphite body of the refractory materials body of wall in the middle part of furnace wall refractory body of wall, stove and two electrodes, form resistance heater;
(2) pressure group material is placed in secondary material room; The height of pressure group material is identical with the height of resistance heater; Described pressure group material is suppressed by anode breeze and is formed, or mixes compacting form by abrasive dust material and the aluminium of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer are grey, or is formed with Al-Fe alloy powder mixing compacting by the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer;
(3) be placed into basic metal crystallizer, cover heat insulation cover plate, put metal cap, then put warming plate, cover bell afterwards;
(4) be evacuated down to below 100Pa by body of heater, in watercooling jacket, pass into water coolant, then pass into water coolant to metal electrode, be then energized, make the temperature of resistance heater rise to 1000 ~ 1400 DEG C, make the temperature of secondary material intraventricular pressure group material reach 900 ~ 1200 DEG C; Electrolyte components in the abrasive dust material of the electrolyte components in the electrolyte components at this temperature and vacuum condition in resistance heater, the indoor anode breeze of secondary material or the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer is evaporated, and condenses in ionogen crystallization chamber; And after the basic metal in resistance heater is distilled out, the slot-type openings through furnace wall refractory body of wall top enters basic metal crystallisation chamber, then at basic metal crystallizer condensed on inner walls; And after the basic metal that generates of reactive aluminum in the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer and aluminium ash or Al-Fe alloy powder is distilled out, slot-type openings via the gap in the middle part slot-type openings at refractory materials body of wall top in stove or stove between refractory materials body of wall top, middle part and heat insulation cover plate and furnace wall refractory body of wall top enters basic metal crystallisation chamber, then at basic metal crystallizer condensed on inner walls.
(5) this temperature is maintained and vacuum condition is greater than 0.5 hour, power-off after metallurgical processes whole in device is completed, close vacuum, then in device, pass into argon gas, positive pressure in holding device, be down to after room temperature until temperature, open bell, in stove, take out ionogen, condensation has alkali-metal basic metal crystallizer, and isolated ionogen, alkali-metal waste cathode carbon block fragment, isolate ionogen or remove basic metal and electrolytical pressure group material.
Described basic metal is sodium or Na-K alloy, or is the sodium containing lithium or Na-K alloy.
The abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials of electrolyzer and the blending ratio of aluminium ash, depending on the content of alkalimetal oxide in the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials of the aluminium content in aluminium ash and useless electrolyzer, will allow the aluminium in allocated into aluminium ash the alkalimetal oxide in the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials of electrolyzer is all reduced into basic metal for batching criterion in principle; The proportioning of electrolyzer waste refractory materials pulverized powder and Al-Fe alloy powder is also prepared burden by this criterion, and wherein the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials of electrolyzer, aluminium ash and the granularity of Al-Fe alloy powder are all less than 100 orders.
When pressure group material or other material are not loaded in pair material indoor, in step (4), the Heating temperature of resistance heater is 1000 ~ 1300 DEG C.
The device of a kind of process of the present utility model and recovery electrolysis of aluminum solid waste, waste cathode carbon block and the charcoal in charcoal liner can be realized, basic metal to be thoroughly separated with electrolytical, and ionogen, basic metal are thoroughly separated with refractory materials component in useless cathode inner lining refractory materials, and being separated of ionogen and charcoal in anode breeze, also make aluminium ash and the cathode steel bar that melted by aluminium the Al-Fe alloy that formed be utilized effectively.Whole process produces without waste residue, waste gas, waste water, is a kind of electrolysis of aluminum solid waste treatment device of energy-conserving and environment-protective, is highly suitable for industrial large-scale promotion application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is A-A face sectional view when resistance heater is the design of П type in the utility model example 1;
Fig. 2 is B-B face sectional view when resistance heater is the design of П type in the utility model example 1;
Fig. 3 is resistance heater when resistance heater is the design of П type in the utility model example 1 and the C-C face sectional view of electrode structure;
Fig. 4 is U-shaped resistance heater when resistance heater is U-shaped design in the utility model example 2 and the C-C face sectional view of electrode structure;
Fig. 5 be in the utility model example 3 resistance heater be two independences and straight line body parallel to each other design time C-C face sectional view;
Fig. 6 is A-A face sectional view when only having single resistance heater to design in the utility model example 4;
Fig. 7 is B-B face sectional view when only having single resistance heater to design in the utility model example 4;
Fig. 8 is C-C face sectional view when only having single resistance heater to design in the utility model example 4;
In figure, 1-furnace shell, 2-bell, 3-resistance heater, 4-furnace wall refractory body of wall, the refractory materials body of wall at middle part in 5-stove, 6-furnace wall lagging material lining body, the slot-type openings at 7-furnace wall refractory body of wall top, the heat insulation cover plate of 8-, 9-metal cap, 10-warming plate, 11-basic metal crystallizer, 12-pair material room, 13-basic metal crystallisation chamber, the ionogen crystallisation chamber on 14-resistance heater top, the ionogen crystallisation chamber on 15-pair material top, room, 16-vacuum exhaust pipe, 17-gas-filled valve, 18-vacuum pressure gauge, 19-graphite body, 20-metal electrode, 21-insulation seal device, 22-cooling of electrode water water inlet pipe, 23-cooling of electrode water rising pipe, the slot-type openings at the refractory materials body of wall top at middle part in 24-stove, 25-vacuum packing ring, 26-metallic conductor, 27-watercooling jacket, 28-bottom refractory lining body, 29-bottom heat insulation material lining body.
Embodiment
The device embodiments of a kind of process of the present utility model and recovery electrolysis of aluminum solid waste illustrates with following example.
Furnace shell of the present utility model is a box metal shell, is made up of sheet metal material; Bell steel metallic substance is made.
Heat insulation cover plate refractory materials of the present utility model makes.
Refractory concrete selected by refractory materials of the present utility model.
Basic metal crystallizer of the present utility model is made up of stainless steel plate.
embodiment 1
The apparatus structure of process and recovery aluminium cell solid waste as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3; Resistance heater is the design of П type;
Comprise the refractory materials body of wall 5 at middle part in furnace shell 1, bell 2, inner lining of furnace, furnace wall refractory body of wall 4, resistance heater 3, stove, basic metal crystallizer 11, heat insulation cover plate 8, metal cap 9, electrode, secondary material room 12, ionogen crystallisation chamber and basic metal crystallisation chamber 13;
Furnace shell 1 is a box metal shell, is made up of sheet metal material; The outer, top of furnace shell 1 has flange arrangement, and the outer wall of the primary reformer shell 1 under flange arrangement is provided with watercooling jacket 27, and the furnace shell 1 of flange arrangement bottom is welded with vacuum exhaust pipe 16; Also be welded with along place under furnace shell 1 top flange structure and can be filled with the gas-filled valve 17 of argon gas or other rare gas element and the vacuum pressure gauge 18 of display furnace pressure and vacuum condition in stove;
Bell 2 steel metallic substance is made, and furnace shell 1 is provided with vacuum packing ring 25 between the flange arrangement on edge and bell 2;
Described inner lining of furnace is made up of stove lateral lining and bottom lining, the inwall of stove lateral lining is furnace wall refractory body of wall 4, the internal layer of bottom lining is bottom refractory lining body 28, for furnace wall lagging material serves as a contrast body 6 between furnace wall refractory body of wall 4 and furnace wall furnace shell 1, for bottom heat insulation material serves as a contrast body 29 between bottom refractory lining body 28 and furnace bottom furnace shell;
Described furnace wall refractory body of wall 4 is higher than furnace wall lagging material lining body 6, and slot-type openings 7 is arranged at the top of furnace wall refractory body of wall 4, by this slot-type openings, ionogen crystallisation chamber 14 is communicated with basic metal crystallisation chamber 13;
The refractory materials body of wall 5 at middle part is seated on bottom refractory lining body in described stove, and to serve as a contrast body vertical with bottom refractory, and near the medial surface body of wall vertically upward of resistance heater 3; In stove, slot-type openings 24 is also arranged at the top of the refractory materials body of wall 5 at middle part, and has the height identical with furnace wall refractory body of wall 4; In stove, pair is expected that the ionogen crystallizer room 15 on top, room 12 is communicated with the ionogen crystallisation chamber 14 above resistance heater 3 by the slot-type openings 24 at refractory materials body of wall 5 top at middle part;
Described heat insulation cover plate 8 refractory materials makes, and is positioned at the top of the refractory materials body of wall 5 at furnace wall refractory body of wall 4 and stove middle part; The outer of heat insulation cover plate 8 is greater than the outer of furnace wall refractory body of wall 4;
Described metal cap 9 is a rectangle bucket having end uncovered, and left-hand thread on heat insulation cover plate 8, and makes the bucket wall of metal cap 9 be inserted in basic metal crystallizer 11; On metal cap 9, bell 2 be arranged with warming plate 10;
Described basic metal crystallizer 11 is made up of stainless steel plate, and basic metal crystallizer 11 outer wall is close to the inwall of the furnace shell 1 with watercooling jacket 27, and the bottom of basic metal crystallizer 11 is a groove-shaped design; The groove of basic metal crystallizer 11 bottom is positioned at the upper surface of furnace wall lagging material lining body 6;
Described resistance heater 3 is less than the waste cathode carbon block of 10cm fragment by particle diameter forms; The fragment of waste cathode carbon block is placed in the space surrounded by the refractory materials body of wall 5 at middle part in furnace wall refractory body of wall 4, stove and the graphite body 19 of two electrodes, forms resistance heater 3; Resistance heater 3 exceeds 10cm than graphite body 19;
Described electrode is made up of two portions electrical conductor, and the electrical conductor of the part that contacts with resistance heater 3 inside stove is graphite body 19, and the section of graphite body is rectangle; The electrical conductor be connected with graphite body 19 is metallic conductor, is called metal electrode 20, and its section is circular; The cross-sectional area of metal electrode 20 is less than the cross-sectional area of graphite body 19, is connected with water coolant in metal electrode 20; Insulation seal device 21 is had between metal electrode 20 and furnace shell 1;
Described pair material room 12 is the spaces highly identical with resistance heater 3 with its spatial altitude of surrounding of two interelectrode furnace wall refractory bodies of wall 4 by the refractory materials body of wall 5 at stove middle part be positioned on bottom refractory lining body;
Described ionogen crystallisation chamber has two kinds, and a kind of ionogen crystallisation chamber 14 is positioned on resistance heater, under heat insulation cover plate by the space surrounded higher than the refractory materials body of wall 5 at middle part in the furnace wall refractory body of wall 4 of resistance heater 3 and stove; Another kind of ionogen crystallisation chamber 15 is positioned on secondary material charge level position, room, under heat insulation cover plate by the space formed higher than the furnace wall refractory body of wall 4 in the stove of resistance heater between middle part refractory materials body of wall 5 and two electrodes;
Described basic metal crystallisation chamber 13 is positioned on furnace wall lagging material lining body 6, by higher than the space surrounded between the furnace wall refractory body of wall 4 of resistance heater 3 and basic metal crystallizer 11; In basic metal crystallisation chamber 13, the bucket wall of the metal cap 9 of left-hand thread on heat insulation cover plate 8 extend in basic metal crystallisation chamber 13 from the top down;
There is an electrode at the two ends of resistance heater 3, and one of them is for entering electrode, and another is for going out electric electrode; Resistance heater 3 is the setting of П type, and two electrodes are in the same side of furnace shell 1;
The distance of the bucket wall of metal cap 9 and the bottom of basic metal crystallizer 11 is at 15cm;
Using method is:
(1) particle diameter is become to be less than the fragment of 10cm waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell carbon block smashing, be placed on bottom refractory lining body, in the space formed by the graphite body of the refractory materials body of wall in the middle part of furnace wall refractory body of wall, stove and two electrodes, form resistance heater;
(2) pressure group material is placed in secondary material room; The height of pressure group material is identical with the height of resistance heater; Described pressure group material is suppressed by anode breeze and is formed;
(3) be placed into basic metal crystallizer, cover heat insulation cover plate, put metal cap, then put warming plate, cover bell afterwards;
(4) be evacuated down to below 100Pa by body of heater, in watercooling jacket, pass into water coolant, then pass into water coolant to metal electrode, be then energized, make the temperature of resistance heater rise to 1350 DEG C, make the temperature of secondary material intraventricular pressure group material reach 1100 DEG C; Electrolyte components in electrolyte components at this temperature and vacuum condition in resistance heater, the indoor anode breeze of secondary material is evaporated, and condenses in ionogen crystallization chamber; And after the basic metal in resistance heater is distilled out, the slot-type openings through furnace wall refractory body of wall top enters basic metal crystallisation chamber, at basic metal crystallizer condensed on inner walls;
(5) this temperature is maintained and vacuum condition is greater than 0.5 hour, power-off after metallurgical processes whole in device is completed, close vacuum, then in device, pass into argon gas, positive pressure in holding device, be down to after room temperature until temperature, open bell, in stove, take out ionogen, condensation has alkali-metal basic metal crystallizer, and isolated ionogen, alkali-metal waste cathode carbon block fragment, isolate electrolytical pressure group material;
The XRD analysis of the waste cathode carbon block reclaimed after utilizing the present embodiment device and working method distillation does not find that there is electrolyte components and sodium Metal 99.5, only remaining pure charcoal, and sodium and the electrolytical rate of recovery reach 100%; Ionogen in anode breeze is all separated, and in anode breeze, the electrolytical rate of recovery reaches 100%.
embodiment 2
U-shaped resistance heater during Fig. 4 to be resistance heater of the present utility model be U-shaped design and electrode structure C-C sectional view;
The difference of apparatus structure and embodiment 1 is:
(1) resistance heater is U-shaped structure design;
(2) resistance heater goes out 10cm than graphite height;
The difference of method and embodiment 1 is:
(1) pressure group expects that mixing compacting by the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer with aluminium ash forms; Na in the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer
2o component is 5%, and electrolyte components is 10%; In aluminium ash, pure aluminum is 15%, and preparing burden can by the Na in waste refractory materials liner with the aluminium in aluminium ash by added aluminium ash
2o is reduced to batching criterion completely; The abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer and the granularity of aluminium ash are less than 100 orders;
(2) temperature of resistance heater rises to 1400 DEG C, the temperature 1200 DEG C of the indoor reaction material of secondary material; Na in the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer and aluminium ash
2o component is sodium Metal 99.5 by the aluminium reducing in aluminium ash, and is distilled out and enters after the slot-type openings at the refractory materials body of wall top in the middle part of stove and the slot-type openings at furnace wall refractory body of wall top after basic metal crystallisation chamber at basic metal crystallizer condensed on inner walls;
(3) this temperature is maintained and vacuum condition is greater than 2 hours;
The XRD analysis of the waste cathode carbon block reclaimed after utilizing the present embodiment device and working method distillation does not find that there is electrolyte components and sodium Metal 99.5, only remaining pure charcoal, and sodium and the electrolytical rate of recovery reach 100%; Ionogen and the basic metal of the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer are all separated, and sodium and the electrolytical rate of recovery reach 100%.
embodiment 3
Fig. 5 be the resistance heater of the present embodiment be two independences and the straight line Dam Configuration Design be parallel to each other time C-C sectional view;
Be with embodiment 2 difference:
(1) resistance heater is two independences and the straight line three dimensional structure be parallel to each other design, and two electrodes of each independently resistance heater lay respectively on two sides of electric furnace; Now two electrodes of same side, are connected with power supply, and two electrode metallic conductors of another side connect;
(2) resistance heater goes out 20cm than graphite height;
The difference of method and embodiment 2 is:
(1) pressure group material is formed with Al-Fe alloy powder mixing compacting by the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer, and wherein in Al-Fe alloy, metal aluminum content is 67%, and granularity is below 100 orders, Na in the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer
2o component is 5%, and fluorochemical is 8%, in batching add Al-Fe alloy amount can by the Na in waste refractory materials liner with the aluminium in Al-Fe alloy
2o is reduced to batching criterion completely;
(2) temperature of resistance heater rises to 1400 DEG C, the temperature 1250 DEG C of the indoor reaction material of secondary material; Na in the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer
2o component is sodium Metal 99.5 by the aluminium reducing in Al-Fe alloy;
The XRD analysis of the waste cathode carbon block reclaimed after utilizing the present embodiment device and working method distillation does not find that there is electrolyte components and sodium Metal 99.5, only remaining pure charcoal, and sodium and the electrolytical rate of recovery reach 100%; Ionogen in the abrasive dust material of the waste refractory materials liner of electrolyzer and basic metal are all separated, and sodium and the electrolytical rate of recovery reach 100%.
embodiment 4
Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 be the present embodiment only have single resistance heater to design time A-A sectional view, B-B sectional view and C-C sectional view;
The difference of apparatus structure and embodiment 1 is:
(1) resistance heater is the design of single resistance heater, and do not have secondary material room in stove, two electrodes of resistance heater are arranged on two corresponding surfaces of body of heater length direction;
(2) waste cathode carbon block is containing the electrolysis of fluorides matter of sodium, potassium metal and sodium potassium;
(3) resistance heater is identical with graphite height;
(4) distance of the bucket wall of metal cap and the bottom of basic metal crystallizer is at 20cm;
The difference of method and embodiment 1 is:
(1) pressure group material is not used;
(2) temperature of resistance heater rises to 1200 DEG C;
The XRD analysis of the waste cathode carbon block reclaimed after utilizing the present embodiment device and working method distillation does not find that there is electrolyte components, sodium Metal 99.5 and potassium, charcoal after distillation in cathode carbon pieces is pure charcoal, the basic metal distilled is Na-K alloy, and the ionogen rate of recovery containing sodium potassium fluorochemical is 100%.
embodiment 5
A kind of process of the present embodiment and reclaim the device of electrolysis of aluminum solid waste and working method substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is:
(1) in stove, the top of the refractory materials body of wall at middle part does not have slot-type openings, and its height is lower than the height 10cm of furnace wall refractory body of wall;
(2) when operating, pressure group material or other any reaction mass are not loaded in secondary material room;
Method is with being with the difference of embodiment 1:
(1) using waste cathode carbon block as the warming temperature of resistance heater be 1200 DEG C;
Find through XRD material phase analysis, utilize waste cathode carbon block that the apparatus and method of the present embodiment reclaim except charcoal, only containing a small amount of CaF
2.
Claims (4)
1. process and reclaim a device for electrolysis of aluminum solid waste, it is characterized in that comprising the refractory materials body of wall in the middle part of in furnace shell, bell, inner lining of furnace, furnace wall refractory body of wall, bottom refractory lining body, resistance heater, stove, basic metal crystallizer, heat insulation cover plate, metal cap, electrode and pair material room, ionogen crystallisation chamber and basic metal crystallisation chamber;
Described furnace shell is a box metal shell, is made up of sheet metal material; The outer, top of furnace shell has flange arrangement, and the outer wall of the primary reformer shell under flange arrangement is provided with watercooling jacket, and the furnace shell of flange arrangement bottom is welded with vacuum exhaust pipe; Also be welded with the vacuum pressure gauge of gas-filled valve and display furnace pressure and the vacuum condition that can be filled with argon gas or other rare gas element in stove along place under furnace shell top flange structure;
Described bell steel metallic substance is made, and furnace shell is provided with vacuum packing ring between the flange arrangement on edge and bell;
Described inner lining of furnace is made up of stove lateral lining and bottom lining, the inwall of stove lateral lining is the body of wall that refractory materials is made, be called furnace wall refractory body of wall, the internal layer of bottom lining is the lining body be made up of refractory materials, be called bottom refractory lining body, be the lining body be made up of lagging material between furnace wall refractory body of wall and sidewall furnace shell, be called furnace wall lagging material lining body; Lining body for being made up of lagging material between bottom refractory lining body and furnace bottom furnace shell, is called bottom heat insulation material lining body;
Described furnace wall refractory body of wall is higher than furnace wall lagging material lining body, and slot-type openings is arranged at the top of furnace wall refractory body of wall, by this slot-type openings, ionogen crystallisation chamber is communicated with basic metal crystallisation chamber;
The refractory materials body of wall at middle part is seated on bottom refractory lining body in described stove, and to serve as a contrast body vertical with bottom refractory, and near the medial surface body of wall vertically upward of resistance heater; In stove, the height of middle part refractory materials body of wall is equal to or less than the height of furnace wall refractory body of wall, when in stove, the height of middle part refractory materials body of wall equals the height of furnace wall refractory body of wall, in stove, refractory materials body of wall top, middle part is provided with slot-type openings, by this slot-type openings, pair is expected that the ionogen crystallisation chamber on top, room is communicated with the ionogen crystallisation chamber above resistance heater;
Described heat insulation cover plate refractory materials makes, and is positioned at the top of furnace wall refractory body of wall; The outer of heat insulation cover plate is greater than the outer of furnace wall refractory body of wall;
Described metal cap is a rectangle bucket having end uncovered, and left-hand thread on thermal baffle, and makes the bucket wall of metal cap be inserted in basic metal crystallizer; On metal cap, bell be arranged with warming plate;
Described basic metal crystallizer is made up of stainless steel plate, and basic metal crystallizer outer wall is close to the inwall of the furnace shell with watercooling jacket, and the bottom of basic metal crystallizer is a groove-shaped design; Basic metal crystalliser feet is positioned at the upper surface of furnace wall lagging material lining body;
Described resistance heater is less than the waste cathode carbon block of 10cm fragment by particle diameter forms; The fragment of waste cathode carbon block is placed in by the space of the long strip shape surrounded between the refractory materials body of wall at middle part in furnace wall refractory body of wall, stove and the graphite body of two electrodes, forms resistance heater; Resistance heater is higher than graphite body 0 ~ 30cm;
Described electrode is made up of two portions electrical conductor, and the electrical conductor of the part that contacts with resistance heater inside stove is graphite body; The section form of graphite body is rectangle; The electrical conductor be connected with graphite body is metallic conductor, is called metal electrode, and its section is circular; The cross-sectional area of metal electrode is less than the cross-sectional area of graphite body, is connected with water coolant in metal electrode; Insulation seal device is had between metal electrode and furnace shell;
Described pair material room is positioned on bottom refractory lining body, is surrounded, its highly identical with resistance heating height space by refractory materials body of wall and the two interelectrode furnace wall refractory bodies of wall at middle part in stove;
Described ionogen crystallisation chamber has two kinds, and one is positioned on resistance heater, under heat insulation cover plate by the space surrounded higher than the refractory materials body of wall at middle part in the furnace wall refractory body of wall of resistance heater and stove; Another kind of ionogen crystallisation chamber is positioned on secondary material charge level position, room, under heat insulation cover plate by the space formed higher than the furnace wall refractory body of wall between the refractory materials body of wall at middle part in the stove of resistance heater and two electrodes;
Described basic metal crystallisation chamber is positioned on furnace wall lagging material lining body, by higher than the space surrounded between the furnace wall refractory body of wall of resistance heater and basic metal crystallizer; In basic metal crystallization chamber, the bucket wall of the metal cap of left-hand thread on heat insulation cover plate extend in basic metal crystallisation chamber from the top down.
2. the device of a kind of process according to claim 1 and recovery electrolysis of aluminum solid waste, it is characterized in that there is an electrode at the two ends of each individual resistors heating element, one of them is for entering electrode, and another is for going out electric electrode; When resistance heater is U-shaped design or П type arranges, two electrodes of resistance heater are in the same side of furnace shell; When resistance heater be two be parallel to each other and separate straight line body design time, two electrodes of each individual resistors heating element lay respectively on side corresponding to two of furnace shell, now, two electrodes of same side are connected with power supply, connect with metallic conductor between two electrodes of another side, make heating current flow into another resistance heater in same stove from a resistance heater; Also, after two of an opposite side electrode can being connected with metallic conductor, the heating current of this device is input in another device identical with its structure; Namely the resistance heater made by waste cathode of aluminum electrolytic cell charcoal block is the heat source body making to produce in stove resistance heat, is again a kind of aluminium cell solid waste being processed and will reclaiming.
3. the device of a kind of process according to claim 1 and recovery electrolysis of aluminum solid waste, it is characterized in that the pressure group material of described pair material room for loading anode breeze and making, or the levigate material of the electrolyzer waste refractory materials pressure that the grey or levigate material of Al-Fe alloy is mixed with aluminium is rolled into a ball and is expected.
4. the device of a kind of process according to claim 1 and recovery electrolysis of aluminum solid waste, is characterized in that the distance of the bucket wall of described metal cap and the bottom of basic metal crystallizer is at 5 ~ 30cm.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520637590.9U CN204959051U (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2015-08-24 | Aluminium electroloysis solid waste material's device is handled and retrieved |
| PCT/CN2015/089836 WO2017031798A1 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2015-09-17 | Apparatus for treating and recycling aluminum electrolysis solid waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520637590.9U CN204959051U (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2015-08-24 | Aluminium electroloysis solid waste material's device is handled and retrieved |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN204959051U true CN204959051U (en) | 2016-01-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520637590.9U Withdrawn - After Issue CN204959051U (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2015-08-24 | Aluminium electroloysis solid waste material's device is handled and retrieved |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105088274A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-25 | 沈阳北冶冶金科技有限公司 | Device for treating and recycling aluminum electrolysis solid waste |
| CN106269787A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | High-temperature continuous treatment method for disposing electrolytic aluminum waste cathode |
| CN113249576A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-13 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Waste cathode carbon block, fluoride and metal sodium recovery processing equipment and use method |
-
2015
- 2015-08-24 CN CN201520637590.9U patent/CN204959051U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105088274A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-25 | 沈阳北冶冶金科技有限公司 | Device for treating and recycling aluminum electrolysis solid waste |
| CN106269787A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | High-temperature continuous treatment method for disposing electrolytic aluminum waste cathode |
| CN106269787B (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-12-21 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | High-temperature continuous treatment method for disposing electrolytic aluminum waste cathode |
| CN113249576A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-13 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Waste cathode carbon block, fluoride and metal sodium recovery processing equipment and use method |
| CN113249576B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-11-11 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Waste cathode carbon block, fluoride and metal sodium recovery processing equipment and use method |
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