CN204832143U - Earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu - Google Patents
Earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu Download PDFInfo
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- CN204832143U CN204832143U CN201520554549.5U CN201520554549U CN204832143U CN 204832143 U CN204832143 U CN 204832143U CN 201520554549 U CN201520554549 U CN 201520554549U CN 204832143 U CN204832143 U CN 204832143U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu, including soil reservoir capacity measuring apparatu and water yield pipe, soil reservoir capacity measuring apparatu is located below the ground surface, water yield pipe is located the top tube more than the ground surface and one is located the low tube below the ground surface including one, top tube and low tube juncture be equipped with can with the communicating pipe no. 1 of external world's intercommunication, top tube, low tube and communicate each other between communicating pipe, water yield pipe lower intraductal is equipped with one and can follows the gliding piston of pipe wall, and a traction motor promotes piston intraductal up -and -down motion under, traction motor and soil reservoir capacity measuring apparatu signal connection. This measuring apparatu has been realized earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity and has been evaporated the jointly monitoring of interface change processes such as oozing.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to hydrology fields of measurement, in particular to a kind of measuring instrument being applicable to the over-wet land table environmental monitorings such as wetland, this measuring instrument achieves the water interface of to ooze etc. under the over-wet land table environment such as the combined monitoring, particularly wetland of interface change procedure in earth's surface and soil storage and steaming thereof and transforms and combined measurement.
Background technology
The change in time and space of earth's surface and soil storage is the important monitoring index of the natural ecological environments such as wetland, the change in time and space of surface water and the holard, and the conversion between interface different from soil, earth's surface also affects ecological process and the succession pattern of land natural ecosystems.In order to the hydrology fluctuation characteristic of Quantitative Monitoring regional nature ground surface environment, so need to detect conversion process between interface different from soil, earth's surface of earth's surface and soil storage and moisture key element and fluctuation characteristic, as a part for terrestrial water circulation, a surface water sub-element part become underground water by soil bacterial diversity or flowed away by interflow, a part run off by evapotranspiration, a part is along with the loss of surface runoff.So earth's surface and soil storage and moisture change procedure are as the important indicator of terrestrial ecosystems environmental process, its combined measurement and quantitative expression seem particularly important.
In the table environment of over-wet land, as various types of wetland, provisional flooding of rivers area and river, water-level fluctuation significant lake etc., a water part in ground surface environment is kept in soil, a part remains in ground surface, and constantly carries out space-time and change alternately.The fluctuation monitoring of its near surface single-point moisture storage capacity, contain the detection of soil storage and earth's surface moisture storage capacity, existence form and the feature of this two parts water key element are significant for terrestrial ecosystems.At present, traditional earth's surface and the observed pattern of soil storage, because the difference of interface feature, all the holard and surface water from, do not carry out combined measurement, height of water level is generally only measured in the large-scale pools zone such as reservoir, river, and soil storage is generally only measured in Deng Fei pools zone, field.But in general sense, in any ground surface environment, the existence of water key element is all constantly carry out Spatial-temporal Transformation, water key element space-time dividing between underground, earth's surface not on Presence of an interface, therefore the water key element fluctuation characteristic simultaneously measured under the situation of space and time continuous in this two media is needed, particularly table environment in over-wet land is due to the hydrological characteristics of its uniqueness, soil storage and earth's surface moisture storage capacity all can not be ignored, therefore need to improve traditional surveying instrument, measure these two kinds of moisture storage capacitys to obtain near surface environment moisture storage capacity simultaneously.
Evaporation and under to ooze be the important content of hydrologic monitoring, evaporation mainly comprises soil water evaporation and evaporation from water surface, under ooze be divided into soil saturation under blend unsaturation under ooze.
Traditional small-size water surface evaporator is owing to being often placed in liftoff more than 70cm in the air, and depart from the true environment of ground surface, measuring accuracy is not high, traditional large-scale water surface evaporator, due to bulky, arranges particularly inconvenience.
Traditional soil lysimeter device mostly can only measure soil in unsaturation situation under blend soil water evaporation amount, saturated in soil moisture content, during surface pond, under just cannot measuring soil, blend water surface evaporation.So the measurement that surveying instrument is not suitable for ponding region is oozed in traditional steaming, be only applicable to field measurement.
The steaming of over-wet land table environment ooze measure to steam from field soil ooze measure, pools zone steams that to ooze measurement all different, over-wet land table environment, as various types of wetland, provisional flooding of rivers area and the water yield increase and decrease river, significant lake etc., there is its unique distinction, namely same measurement point is not had by water logging sometimes, sometimes there is no ponding.So want the steaming of measuring over-wet land table environment to ooze situation, the steaming that measurement and surface water are oozed in the steaming taking into account soil is needed to ooze measurement.Therefore need to improve traditional observation instrument, to reach the effect showing in over-wet land to use in environment.
Utility model content
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the purpose of this utility model is: provide a kind of earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, moisture storage capacity measuring instrument and lysimeter integrate by this measuring instrument, achieve the combined monitoring that the change procedure such as to be oozed in earth's surface and soil storage and steaming thereof, and be specially adapted to the monitoring of the over-wet land table environment such as wetland.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the utility model adopts is:
A kind of earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, comprise Soil-stored water flowmeter and water yield pipe; Described Soil-stored water flowmeter is positioned at below earth's surface, described water yield pipe comprises the lower pipe that a upper pipe and being positioned at more than earth's surface is positioned at below earth's surface, described upper pipe and lower pipe intersection are provided with the communicating pipe one that can be in communication with the outside, described upper pipe, lower pipe and be interconnected between communicating pipe, a piston that can slide along tube wall is provided with in the lower pipe of described water yield pipe, one traction electric machine promotes described piston and moves up and down in lower pipe, and described traction electric machine is connected with Soil-stored water flowmeter signal.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, described piston is provided with the pressure transducer for measuring the water yield in water yield pipe.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, be provided with the electric control valve one for controlling extraneous water Inlet and outlet water buret described communicating pipe one.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, described water yield pipe also comprises the induction tube being positioned at more than earth's surface, the bottom of described induction tube is provided with a hydraulic pressure transducer, the position that bottom and the earth's surface of described induction tube connect is provided with the communicating pipe two communicated with the external world, described communicating pipe two is provided with electric control valve two, described upper pipe and induction tube are formed with communicating pipe three and are communicated with, and described communicating pipe three is concordant with communicating pipe two, and described communicating pipe three is provided with an electric control valve three.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, also be provided with a vertical through media slot, described media slot have parallel two cell walls relatively, the bottom of described two cell walls is vertically equipped with multiple slot electrode arranged at equal intervals, wherein the slot electrode of a cell wall is embedded with positive electrode plate, the slot electrode of another cell wall is embedded with negative electrode plate, and described positive electrode plate is parallel with negative electrode plate relatively and form an electric capacity space; Described battery lead plate connects central processing module.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, also have multiple equally spaced media slot mesospore in the middle of two cell walls of this media slot, the middle position of each media slot mesospore is equipped with temperature sensor.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, also be provided with multiple moisture reservoir being in different depth, wherein at least one moisture reservoir is provided with lower infiltration collecting tab, one Level Promoting device can make this moisture reservoir horizontal slip relative of this lower infiltration collecting tab and stretch out from this housing side, and this moisture reservoir is connected with central processing module realizing circuit with Level Promoting device.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, the inside filling sponge of described moisture reservoir and be provided with electric heating evaporation sheet outside chamber wall, the bottom of described moisture reservoir is provided with Weighing type water sensor.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, described lower infiltration collecting tab has a metallic channel, the bottom of this metallic channel side is extended with the gutter of an inclination, this Level Promoting device can make the contact of this moisture reservoir or the isolation relatively of this drinking trough, this metallic channel and gutter are equipped with thieving paper, and the top of this metallic channel is equipped with iron sand.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, also comprise the evaporation tub being positioned at more than earth's surface, the inside of described evaporation tub is provided with a level sensor, and described evaporation tub is provided with electric control valve four and controls extraneous water and flow to described evaporation tub apart from the bucket wall place of 15cm at the bottom of bucket.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, described instrument also comprises hydrofuge air interchanger, it comprises a ventilation duct, and described ventilation duct is positioned at more than earth's surface between pipe on upper pipe and first, the top of ventilation duct is provided with scavenger fan, and the bottom of ventilation duct is provided with absorption of air mouth.
Described earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, also comprise superposed vertical flattening device, be positioned at middle part fixed flat planar and be positioned at the taper arrangement head of lower end, this vertical flattening device comprises Weight type vertical reference, circle leveling bubble formula level meter.
Compared with prior art, adopt the utility model has the advantage of of technique scheme: moisture storage capacity measuring instrument and lysimeter integrate by this integrated measuring instrument, achieve the combined monitoring that the change procedure such as to be oozed in earth's surface and soil storage and steaming thereof, and compact conformation, easy to use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is perspective view of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is decomposition texture schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is that the utility model removes inner structure schematic diagram after housing;
Fig. 4 is the utility model Weight type flattening device perspective view;
Fig. 5 is the utility model Weight type flattening device cut-open view;
Fig. 6 is the utility model evaporation tub structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the utility model water yield pipe unit structural drawing;
Fig. 8 is the utility model water yield pipe unit partial enlarged drawing;
Fig. 9 is the utility model water yield pipe unit inner piston structure view;
Figure 10 is that the utility model piston is positioned at water yield pipe unit angle schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is the collection module diagrammatic cross-section that seeps water under the utility model;
Figure 12 is that seep water under the utility model collection module and thrust unit combines schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is the structural representation of the utility model fixed flat planar.
Description of reference numerals: 1-housing; 11-media slot; 111-cell wall; 1111-battery lead plate; 112-mesospore; 1121-measured hole; 1122-dust plug; 113-temperature sensor; 2-evaporation tub; 21-level sensor; 22-electric control valve; The vertical flattening device of 3-; 31-Weight type vertical reference; 311-weight ball; 312-electrode tube; 313-alarm; 32-circle leveling bubble formula level meter; Head is settled in 4-taper; 5-fixed flat planar; 51-locking pin; 6-Level Promoting device; 61-stepper motor; 62-Thin type hydraulic jack; 63-slurcam; Seep water under 7-collecting tab; 71-metallic channel; 711-gutter; 72-thieving paper; 73-iron sand; 74-plug; 8-moisture reservoir; 81-sponge; 82-electric heating evaporation sheet; 83-Weighing type water sensor; 9-central processing module; 91-central processing element; 92-power supply; 93-data-carrier store; 94-electric current and voltage controller; 95-moisture storage capacity measuring unit; 951-electric capacity water interactions device; 952-piston mobile controller; 953-piston traction electric machine; 10-hydrofuge air interchanger; 101-induction tube; The upper pipe of 102-; 103-communicating pipe one; 104-electric control valve one; 105-communicating pipe two; 106-electric control valve two; 107-communicating pipe three; 108-electric control valve three; 109-piston; 1091-pressure transducer; 1092-scale strip; 1093-T type chute.
Embodiment
Further describe the utility model below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, advantage and disadvantage of the present utility model will be more clear along with description.
As Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a kind of earth's surface provided for the utility model and Soil-stored water flowmeter, it comprises a housing 1, the side of described housing 1 has the rectangular cylindrical media slot 11 of vertical through housing 1 upper and lower side, evaporation tub 2 is fixed with away from the top of putting groove opposite side that is situated between at housing 1, the bottom of described housing 1 is connected with taper and settles 4, being provided with in the middle part of housing 1 can two fixed flat planar 5 of rotary folding, the end of described fixed flat planar 5 is provided with can the locking pin 51 of folding storage, to reduce strong runoff, animals etc. cause inclination to surveying instrument.
The top of housing 1 is provided with Weight type vertical reference 31 and circle leveling bubble formula 32.
In the present embodiment, central processing module 9 is in vertical flattening device 3 and obtains bottom, and be positioned at the housing 1 on the top of fixed flat planar 5, described central processing module 9 comprises central processing element 91, intelligent power 92, data-carrier store 93, electric current and voltage controller 94, moisture storage capacity measuring unit 95, wherein, moisture storage capacity measuring unit 95 comprises: electric capacity water interactions device 951, piston mobile controller 952 and piston traction electric machine 953, described central processing module 9 is electrically connected with moisture storage capacity measuring instrument and moisture lysimeter respectively, described central processing element 91 can according to user need realize the sampling period setting and error correction is carried out to measurement data.
Wherein, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, described round leveling bubble formula 32 is placed in the top of Weight type vertical reference 31, when instrument is set, remains that bubble is in centre position, vertically instrument can be set, described Weight type vertical reference 31 comprises weight ball 311, electrode tube 312 and alarm 313, described weight ball 311 connects negative pole by wire, and described electrode tube 312 surrounds wire and weight ball 311, and described electrode tube 312 connects positive pole; When instrument out of plumb, weight ball 311 contacts with electrode tube 312, alarm 313 is reported to the police, when instrument vertical, weight ball 311 is separated with electrode tube 312, and alarm 313 terminates to report to the police, in error allowed band, the eccentricity value measured is sent to central processing module 9 by electric signal by 32, and central processing module 9 carries out error correction according to eccentricity value to corresponding measurement data.
As shown in figures 1 to 6, described evaporation tub 2 inside is provided with level sensor 21 (being capacitor type liquid level sensor in the present embodiment), the side of evaporation tub 2 instrument is dorsad provided with an electric control valve 22 for controlling extraneous current turnover evaporation tub 2, wherein, the electric control valve 22 of the present embodiment is apart from being 15cm at the bottom of bucket, described electric control valve 22 and level sensor 21 are connected with the central processing element 91 of the central processing module 9 of instrument by the electronic circuit board at the bottom of being built in barrel, with transmission measurement data and electric signal.Evaporation tub 2 is for measuring evaporation capacity and the evaporation rate of surface water.
The measurement use procedure of described evaporation tub 2 is as follows:
1) measure before in evaporation tub 2 topped up with water.
2) by the level sensor 21 bottom evaporation tub 2, the central processing element 91 in central processing module 9 judges whether the external world has surface water.If without surface water, then close evaporation tub 2; If there is surface water, then judge whether earth's surface water level is greater than 15cm.
3) if be less than 15cm, then do not open the electric control valve 22 of evaporation tub 2, the capacitor type liquid level sensor 21 directly begun through in evaporation tub 2 measures evaporation capacity; If be greater than 15cm, open evaporation tub 2 electric control valve 22, allow moisture free in and out evaporation tub 2, until inside and outside water level is consistent, then close electric control valve 22.Open the level sensor 21 in evaporation tub 2 afterwards, measure.
4) under surface water is greater than 15cm situation, electric control valve 22 is opened once every 1-24 hours (according to evaporation capacity setting), carries out a water level balance.Evaporation capacity is measured by accumulate mode, ensure that the accuracy of evaporation data.
As shown in figure 13, when housing 1 is arranged in the soil to be measured of insertion over-wet land, bottom table environment of fixed flat planar 5, be situated between to put in groove and be full of soil and aqueous medium, institute gives an account of and puts groove is rectangular cylindrical, described media slot 11 has parallel relative two cell walls 111 and is positioned at the mesospore 112 in the middle of two parallel cell walls 111, described mesospore 112 is rearranged at equal intervals by multiple media slot 11 mesospore 112, forming a measured hole 1121 between each media slot 11 mesospore 112, in each measured hole 1121 is equal when not working, being plugged with dust plug 1122; The cell wall 111 of described media slot 11 is made by silastic material, not by media slot 11 inductive interferences when ensureing to measure; Described two cell walls 111 are vertically equipped with and multiplely arrange dismountable slot electrode at equal intervals, can regularly replace because soil wearing and tearing cause the battery lead plate that damages.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, wherein a row slot electrode is embedded with positive electrode plate, and another row slot electrode is embedded with negative electrode plate, and described positive electrode plate is parallel with negative electrode plate relatively and form an electric capacity space; Positive-negative electrode plate all realizes being electrically connected with the electric capacity water interactions device 951 in the moisture storage capacity measuring unit 95 in central processing module 9, in the present embodiment, described slot electrode often arranges all has 10, the height of each battery lead plate is 10cm, interval (i.e. measured hole 1121) between each battery lead plate is 1mm, and the height of each mesospore 112 is consistent with the height of battery lead plate; The middle position of each media slot 11 mesospore 112 is equipped with a temperature sensor 113 (namely the utility model has 10), the temperature signal that temperature sensor 113 obtains is transferred to the multiple electric capacity water interactions devices 951 in central processing module 9, for correcting the accuracy of water interactions.
As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7 to Figure 10, water yield pipe is also provided with in the housing 1 of earth's surface and Soil-stored water flowmeter, water yield pipe comprises: induction tube 101 and upper pipe 102 and lower pipe, described induction tube 101 and upper pipe 102 are positioned at more than earth's surface, described lower pipe is positioned at below earth's surface, the bottom of described induction tube 101, the bottom of upper pipe 102 is positioned at soil interphase place and is provided with and horizontal is equipped with communicating pipe and electric control valve, also communicating pipe and electrically-controlled valve valve is provided with between induction tube 101 and upper pipe 102, wherein, in the utility model, what name connected induction tube 101 is communicating pipe 2 105 (inside arranging screen pack) and electric control valve 2 106, in connection, pipe 102 place is communicating pipe 1 and electric control valve 1, between induction tube 101 and upper pipe 102 is communicating pipe 3 107 and electric control valve 3 108.Described integrated measuring instrument also comprises hydrofuge air interchanger 10, comprises ventilation duct, and described ventilation duct is between induction tube 101 and upper pipe 102 and be positioned at more than earth's surface, and the top of ventilation duct is provided with scavenger fan, and the bottom of ventilation duct is provided with absorption of air mouth.
The bottom of described induction tube 101 is provided with hydraulic pressure transducer, being provided with in the pipe of described lower pipe can along a piston 109 of tube wall slide, it is T-shaped chute 1093 in the present embodiment, to place concordant with ground on T-shaped chute 1093, down to the bottom of lower pipe, lower pipe is provided with traction spool (built-in pulley and draught line at concordant place, ground and bottom (in the scope that namely piston 109 moves), do not show in figure), promote piston traction electric machine 953 by described piston mobile controller 952 to move, thus drive the piston 109 in lower pipe to move downward, the initial position of piston 109 is positioned at the concordant place on lower pipe and ground, the middle part of described piston 109 is provided with pressure transducer 1091, in the present embodiment, described pressure transducer 1091 is that pressure transducer or laser measurement sensor are for measuring the volume of overall water in water yield pipe, the side of described piston 109 is also embedded with vertical scale strip 1092, scale strip 1092 adopts light plastic to make, and 0 scale on scale strip 1092 is positioned at piston 109 top, scale becomes large from bottom to top gradually.
Described electric capacity water interactions device 951 and water yield pipe as follows in the measurement use procedure of moisture storage capacity:
1) positive-negative electrode plate on media slot 11 liang of cell walls 111 forms electric capacity space (capacitor cell), adopt dielectric and capacitance principle, sectional type is from top to bottom measured, first capacitance measurement is carried out to first capacitor cell, the capacitance signal recorded is sent to electric capacity water interactions device 951 by signal transmitter, capacitance signal is changed into water yield signal by electric capacity water interactions device 951, promote piston traction electric machine 953 by piston mobile controller 952 to move, thus drive the piston 109 in lower pipe to move downward, namely the measurement of first capacitor cell is completed, carry out the measurement of next measuring unit afterwards, the electric capacity of each capacitor cell is measured in portion from top to down successively, until measure complete.
2), after measuring, piston 109 position is fixed, and recording and analyses 109 moves down distance, and the distance of slip is the water yield of measured zone.Electric control valve 2 106 is opened, and after water balance, described central processing element 91 has judged whether surface water by the hydraulic pressure transducer bottom induction tube 101, if do not have surface water, measures and terminates.If there is surface water, then electric control valve 1 is opened, and surface water flows in water yield pipe, and after liquid level is steady, liquid level sensor wherein measures the water yield in water yield pipe, unit mm, and record.
3) described central processing element 91 calculates soils remediation technolgy, and in surface storage, near surface pondage, shows in electronic console, and in real time stored in data-carrier store 93.The pondage of near surface also directly can read in instrument water yield pipe, and the data of reading are checked meter to detect for field and corrected.
4), when next measuring period starts, first piston 109 automatically returns to initial position.
As is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12, there is in described housing 1 multiple moisture reservoir 8 being in different depth, described moisture reservoir 8 is rectangular cylindrical container, and the opening on the top of container keeps level consistent with the measured hole 1121 on media slot 11 mesospore 112, the water-absorbing sponge 81 of fixed mass when the inside of described moisture reservoir 8 is filled dry, water-absorbing sponge 81 and moisture reservoir 8 are not close to, and outside chamber wall, be provided with electric heating evaporation sheet 82, for moisture in quick evaporate to dryness sponge 81, the bottom of this moisture reservoir 8 is provided with Weighing type water sensor 83 and is electrically connected with this central processing module 9.
Wherein at least one moisture reservoir 8 is provided with lower infiltration collecting tab 7, described lower infiltration collecting tab 7 is for promoting plug-in type collecting tab and can moving and dismantle, be hidden in surveying instrument inside under normal circumstances, described lower infiltration collecting tab 7 can this moisture reservoir 8 horizontal slip relatively, described lower infiltration collecting tab 7 is reached media slot 11 adduction by Level Promoting device 6 and to catchment point in the measured hole 1121 of media slot 11 mesospore 112 of this housing 1, described lower infiltration collecting tab 7 has a metallic channel 71, and the bottom of this metallic channel 71 side is extended with the gutter 711 of an inclination; This metallic channel 71 and gutter 711 are equipped with thieving paper 72, and it is that the iron sand 73 of 0.2mm-1mm leads infiltration layer and suction barrier layer as moisture that the top of this metallic channel 71 is equipped with radius.
Described Level Promoting device 6 is connected with central processing module 9 realizing circuit.In the present embodiment, Level Promoting device 6 is step motor type thrust unit 6, comprise stepper motor 61, Thin type hydraulic jack 62 and slurcam 63, this stepper motor 61 drives this Thin type hydraulic jack 62 to promote this slurcam 63 in this housing 1, described slurcam 63 has multiple promotion bar, promotes the position of bar and the position of measured hole 1121 and highly corresponding; Described slurcam 63 arranges flip-over type draw-in groove, the plug 74 of lower infiltration collecting tab 7 end and the draw-in groove clamping of slurcam 63.
When not measuring, thieving paper 72 and this moisture reservoir 8 of described lower infiltration collecting tab 7 gutter 711 are isolated; Before measurement, height is collected in the lower infiltration of setting, inserts in the measured hole 1121 of setting height, during measurement by lower infiltration collecting tab 7, this Level Promoting device 6 promotes this lower infiltration collecting tab 7 and stretches out from this housing 1 side and enter in this media slot 11, and this gutter 711 contacts with this moisture reservoir 8.When measuring the withdrawal of complete instrument, press lower infiltration collecting tab 7 automatic spring.
The measurement use procedure of described water yield reservoir and lower infiltration collecting tab 7 is as follows:
1) positive-negative electrode plate in media slot 11 carries out initial value measurement, from ground floor capacitor cell, successively soil storage is measured by sensor, and measurement result is transferred to the moisture storage capacity measuring unit 95 of central processing module 9, measure last one deck from ground floor, the time is no more than 10s; From initial measurement, measure once every the set time, and the central processing element 91 data being passed to central processing module 9 calculates, and obtain the data such as soil bacterial diversity and soil evaporativeness, and store data in data storage.
2) before measuring, height is collected in the lower infiltration of setting, lower infiltration collecting tab 7 is inserted in the measured hole 1121 of setting height, lower infiltration collection module carries out initial measurement, first the initial weight in water yield reservoir in Weighing type sensor measurement water yield reservoir, is sent to central processing element 91 by initial measurement; Moisture in soil, by lower infiltration collecting tab 7, enters into water yield reservoir, measures once, and data is passed to central processing unit and carry out calculating lower infiltration collecting amount data, and store every the set time.
3) during water saturation in water yield reservoir, suspend and measure, open the electric heating evaporation sheet 82 of water yield reservoir outer wall, moisture in rapid evaporated water reservoir, after moisture is reduced to fixed value, close heating arrangement, continue the measurement of lower infiltration, the final water yield measured adds up and is total lower infiltration collecting amount.
According to above content, the measurement procedure of a kind of earth's surface of the utility model and Soil-stored water flowmeter is as follows:
One, the arrangement of instrument
1) height of the lower infiltration collection of setting, inserts lower infiltration collecting tab 7 in the measured hole 1121 of setting height.
2) open fixed flat planar 5, instrument is inserted point of fixity position, during insertion, the moment keeps instrument tip leveling bubble to be in the center of circular bubble, insertion depth reaches fixing stopping at ordinary times and inserts, open fixing flat folding locking pin 51, insert both sides soil, be fixed.
Two, the automatic calibration of instrument
Start instrument, instrument self checking is surveyed, first detecting instrument vertical condition, record eccentric angle, can start to measure, if exceed error range, report to the police, until adjust to plumbness in error range.
Three, the initialization process of instrument
1) after placing instrument, topped up with water in instrument evaporation tub 2.
2) by the basic parameter required for data recorder input apparatus measures and survey frequency, automatic measurement pattern is entered.
3) lower infiltration collecting tab 7 is ejected media slot 11 inside by instrument automatic control step motor 61 formula thrust unit 6.
Four, beginning is measured
1, central processing unit, by level sensor 21 in evaporation tub 2, judges whether now whether rainfall;
1) if there is no rainfall:
Central processing unit controls electric control valve 2 106 and opens, and in induction tube 101, whether liquid level sensor detection earth's surface has water.
2) if there is no surface water:
Close evaporation tub 2 measurement mechanism, no longer carry out the measurement of surface evaporation;
Close water yield reservoir and lower infiltration collecting tab 7 device, do not carry out soil bacterial diversity water collection measurement;
Close all electric control valves of water yield pipe, no longer open all communicating pipes;
Open capacitor cell in media slot 11 and carry out the measurement that the holard steams milliosmolarity and soil storage;
3) if having rainfall or surface water, measuring process is as follows;
Described evaporation, evaporation rate measuring process:
1, judge whether earth's surface water level is greater than 15cm.
If 2 are less than 15cm, then do not open the electric control valve 22 of evaporation tub 2, the capacitor type liquid level sensor 21 directly begun through in evaporation tub 2 measures evaporation capacity; If be greater than 15cm, open evaporation tub 2 electric control valve 22, moisture is allowed to free in and out evaporation tub 2, until inside and outside water level is consistent, then close electric control valve 22, open the liquid level sensor in evaporation tub 2 afterwards, from initial value, open once every (according to evaporation capacity setting) measurement in 1-24 hours and electric control valve 22, carry out a water level balance, and data are passed to central processing unit and carry out calculating the data such as evaporation capacity, evaporation rate, and store; Evaporation capacity is measured by accumulate mode, ensure that the accuracy of evaporation data.
The measuring process of described soil bacterial diversity, evaporation and moisture storage capacity is as follows:
1, segmented capacitive unit carries out capacitance measurement from top to bottom, and the capacitance signal recorded is by being sent to electric capacity water interactions device 951 and central processing element 91 calculates; Wherein,
Capacitance signal is changed into water yield signal by electric capacity water interactions device 951, promote piston traction electric machine 953 by piston mobile controller 952 to move, thus drive the piston in lower pipe to move downward, namely the measurement of first capacitor cell is completed, carry out the measurement of next measuring unit afterwards, the electric capacity of each capacitor cell is measured in portion from top to down successively, until measure complete;
Capacitance signal is changed into the data such as soil bacterial diversity and soil evaporativeness by central processing element 91, and stores data in data storage.
2, after measuring, piston 109 position is fixed, and recording and analyses 109 moves down distance, and the distance of slip is the water yield of measured zone.Electric control valve 2 106 is opened, and surface water flows into lower pipe, and after liquid level is steady, liquid level sensor wherein measures the water yield in water yield pipe, unit mm, and record.
3, described central processing element 91 calculates soils remediation technolgy, and in surface storage, near surface pondage, shows in electronic console, and in real time stored in data-carrier store 93.The pondage of near surface also directly can read in pipe under instrument, and the data of reading are checked meter to detect for field and corrected.
4, when next measuring period starts, first piston 109 automatically returns to initial position.From initial measurement, measure once every the set time.
5, simultaneously, the initial weight in water yield reservoir in Weighing type sensor measurement water yield reservoir, is sent to central processing element 91 by initial measurement; Moisture in soil, by lower infiltration collecting tab 7, enters into water yield reservoir, measures once, and data is passed to central processing unit and carry out calculating lower infiltration collecting amount data, and store every the set time.
During water saturation 6, in water yield reservoir, suspend and measure, open the electric heating evaporation sheet 82 of water yield reservoir outer wall, moisture in rapid evaporated water reservoir, after moisture is reduced to fixed value, close heating arrangement, continue the measurement of lower infiltration, the final water yield measured adds up and is total lower infiltration collecting amount.
Five, the process of central processing module 9 data and output
1., according to the data that evaporation tub 2 inner sensor is measured, calculate the data such as surface water moisture storage capacity, evaporation capacity, evaporation rate;
2., according to the data that capacitor cell is measured, calculate soil evaporation of water, lower milliosmolarity and moisture storage capacity;
3., according to the data of the sensor measurement of water yield reservoir, calculate the leakage of the holard through soil layer.
Calculate according to above data, earth's surface and soil storage are with the variable quantity of rainwash:
Computing formula:
Earth's surface and soil storage number of dropouts
=(front moment earth's surface and soil storage-rear moment earth's surface and soil storage)+evaporation+soil steams milliosmolarity
If on the occasion of then illustrating that earth's surface and soil storage lost.
If negative value then illustrates that earth's surface and soil storage add.
4. the data measured are transferred to by bluetooth module and measure on data recorder.
Above explanation and embodiment are only exemplary, do not form any restriction to scope of the present utility model.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and do not departing under spirit and scope of the present utility model and can modify to the details of technical solutions of the utility model and form or replace, but these amendments and replacement all fall in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (12)
1. earth's surface and a soil storage integrated measuring instrument, is characterized in that, comprises Soil-stored water flowmeter and water yield pipe; Described Soil-stored water flowmeter is positioned at below earth's surface, described water yield pipe comprises the lower pipe that a upper pipe and being positioned at more than earth's surface is positioned at below earth's surface, described upper pipe and lower pipe intersection are provided with the communicating pipe one that can be in communication with the outside, described upper pipe, lower pipe and be interconnected between communicating pipe, a piston that can slide along tube wall is provided with in the lower pipe of described water yield pipe, one traction electric machine promotes described piston and moves up and down in lower pipe, and described traction electric machine is connected with Soil-stored water flowmeter signal.
2. earth's surface according to claim 1 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, is characterized in that, described piston is provided with the pressure transducer for measuring the water yield in water yield pipe.
3. earth's surface according to claim 1 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, is characterized in that, is provided with the electric control valve one for controlling extraneous water Inlet and outlet water buret described communicating pipe one.
4. earth's surface according to claim 1 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, it is characterized in that, described water yield pipe also comprises the induction tube being positioned at more than earth's surface, the bottom of described induction tube is provided with a hydraulic pressure transducer, the position that bottom and the earth's surface of described induction tube connect is provided with the communicating pipe two communicated with the external world, described communicating pipe two is provided with electric control valve two, described upper pipe and induction tube are formed with communicating pipe three and are communicated with, described communicating pipe three is concordant with communicating pipe two, and described communicating pipe three is provided with an electric control valve three.
5. earth's surface according to claim 1 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, it is characterized in that, also be provided with a vertical through media slot, described media slot have parallel two cell walls relatively, the bottom of described two cell walls is vertically equipped with multiple slot electrode arranged at equal intervals, wherein the slot electrode of a cell wall is embedded with positive electrode plate, and the slot electrode of another cell wall is embedded with negative electrode plate, and described positive electrode plate is parallel with negative electrode plate relatively and form an electric capacity space; Described battery lead plate connects central processing module.
6. earth's surface according to claim 5 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, is characterized in that, also have multiple equally spaced media slot mesospore in the middle of two cell walls of this media slot, the middle position of each media slot mesospore is equipped with temperature sensor.
7. earth's surface according to claim 1 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, it is characterized in that, also be provided with multiple moisture reservoir being in different depth, wherein at least one moisture reservoir is provided with lower infiltration collecting tab, one Level Promoting device can make this moisture reservoir horizontal slip relative of this lower infiltration collecting tab and stretch out from this housing side, and this moisture reservoir is connected with central processing module realizing circuit with Level Promoting device.
8. earth's surface according to claim 7 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, is characterized in that, the inside filling sponge of described moisture reservoir and be provided with electric heating evaporation sheet outside chamber wall, and the bottom of described moisture reservoir is provided with Weighing type water sensor.
9. earth's surface according to claim 7 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, it is characterized in that, described lower infiltration collecting tab has a metallic channel, the bottom of this metallic channel side is extended with the gutter of an inclination, this Level Promoting device can make the contact of this moisture reservoir or the isolation relatively of this drinking trough, this metallic channel and gutter are equipped with thieving paper, and the top of this metallic channel is equipped with iron sand.
10. earth's surface according to claim 1 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, it is characterized in that, also comprise the evaporation tub being positioned at more than earth's surface, the inside of described evaporation tub is provided with a level sensor, and described evaporation tub is provided with electric control valve four and controls extraneous water and flow to described evaporation tub apart from the bucket wall place of 15cm at the bottom of bucket.
11. earth's surfaces according to claim 1 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, it is characterized in that, described instrument also comprises hydrofuge air interchanger, it comprises a ventilation duct, described ventilation duct is positioned at more than earth's surface between pipe on upper pipe and first, the top of ventilation duct is provided with scavenger fan, and the bottom of ventilation duct is provided with absorption of air mouth.
12. earth's surfaces according to claim 1 and soil storage integrated measuring instrument, it is characterized in that, also comprise superposed vertical flattening device, be positioned at middle part fixed flat planar and be positioned at the taper arrangement head of lower end, this vertical flattening device comprises Weight type vertical reference, circle leveling bubble formula level meter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520554549.5U CN204832143U (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2015-07-28 | Earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520554549.5U CN204832143U (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2015-07-28 | Earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu |
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| CN204832143U true CN204832143U (en) | 2015-12-02 |
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| CN201520554549.5U Withdrawn - After Issue CN204832143U (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2015-07-28 | Earth's surface and soil reservoir capacity integration measuring apparatu |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105044287A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-11 | 首都师范大学 | Surface and soil water storage capacity integrated measuring instrument |
| CN106544999A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-29 | 广西大学 | Plummet can survey drift angle device |
| CN106813717A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-09 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of soil real-time detection apparatus |
-
2015
- 2015-07-28 CN CN201520554549.5U patent/CN204832143U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105044287A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-11 | 首都师范大学 | Surface and soil water storage capacity integrated measuring instrument |
| CN105044287B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-03-08 | 首都师范大学 | Earth's surface and soil storage integrated measuring instrument |
| CN106544999A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-29 | 广西大学 | Plummet can survey drift angle device |
| CN106544999B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-01-18 | 广西大学 | Plummet can survey drift angle device |
| CN106813717A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-09 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of soil real-time detection apparatus |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20151202 Effective date of abandoning: 20171114 |