CN2047091U - Small incubator with constant temp. - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a small-sized incubator with constant temperature, which is a family type incubator and combines the voltage reduction, the automatic control, and the electric heater together. The 220V alternating current voltage is reduced to 16.5V through a transformer and used as the working power supply of a complete machine, and the electric shock accident is avoided. The temperature is controlled between 35.5 DEG C and 40 DEG C and is adjustable through the automatic control circuit of an electronic switch, and the automatic control circuit of an electronic switch comprises the A555 and elements on the periphery of the A555, is used for measuring the temperature, and has non-contact; the sensitivity is +-0.2 DEG C; a luminous diode for indicating the temperature increasing and reducing is also controlled. An electric heater made by adopting the core thread of an electric underblanket is adopted; the power consumption for the incubation of 350 eggs is less than 2 DEG; the electric heater made by adopting the core thread of an electric underblanket can also be used on beds to heat.

Description

Small incubator with constant temp.

The utility model is the temperature automatically controlled incubator of a kind of family hatching poultry.

According to the incubation condition of birds, beasts and eggs, carry out artificial hatching poultry, aviculture is developed, the hatching m that adopts has artificial incubation method and machine hatch method usually.

Machine hatch is big in batches, can only adapt to the hatchery, and this just needs from market purchase kind of egg.Fowl feeder from lay eggs → accumulate → go on the market sell → accumulate → transport → hatchery → young fowl goes on the market → purchase and transport fowl feeder production cycle and bring these problems so, the one, kind of egg breakage rate height back; The 2nd, turnover period is long, influences chickling-surviving rate; The 3rd, the young bird of listing grows still unsound, is round transported to jolt and causes survival rate low; The 4th, the young bird commercial value is higher, has limited the purchase volume of fowl feeder; The 5th, be unfavorable for the ectogenesis improved seeds; The 6th, kind of an egg various plague virus that lie dormant when the young bird that most fowl feeders are bought is raised 0.2～0.5 kilogram, are just died from pestilence, even infect and give the fowl that grows up.

It is the aviculture of grass-roots unit that artificial incubation helps developing with the family.Artificial incubation method has a heatable brick bed to incubate method, greenhouse to incubate method, flat case and incubate method, electric heating ground temperature and incubate that method, water temperature are incubated method, basin is incubated method etc., and the problem that these hatching methods exist has: power consumption is high, and temperature is difficult for realizing control automatically, is difficult to management, manages and easily causes disaster when careless.

The incubator that the measure of taking manual interlocking's machine to combine is made into can address these problems.Still do not have this class approved product at present, " CYBERSPACE " nineteen eighty-three the 9th periodical " the miniature constant temperature device " stepped on can enter family's hatching.But when this thermostat is done family's hatching, some problems are like this arranged: utilize transistorized ICBO as temperature element, because the transistorized non-linear temperature measurement error that causes easily; When the puncture short fault took place switching tube 3DD15, the big electric current of nearly 2A can produce the overheated fire incident that causes when φ 0.8mm galvanized wire; Consumed power of whole machine is bigger, more than 20W; Its thermostatic control need be regulated the temperature control that three potentiometers could be realized certain certain value repeatedly, and this is difficult to implement this operation concerning general fowl feeder.

The purpose of this utility model is that a kind of miniature constant temperature incubator that is applicable to family hatching poultry will be provided, and it has low in energy consumption, and operation is easy to use easily, the generation of the accident that can prevent disasters effectively, and the natural of desirable godmother chicken sits on eggs.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that thermistor R ₃In incubator box, examine the egg temperature change information of picking, pass to the 6. pin of time base circuit μ A555 and 2. pin, and the temperature value that sets according to potentiometer W detects comparison, makes its upset during variations in temperature ± 0.2 ℃, with 3. pin and with its joining BG of instruction contactless electronic beam switch ₁, BG ₂And BG ₃To the break-make control of electric heater electric current, 7. pin and BG ₄To the intensification indication LED ₁With the cooling indication LED ₂Switch control; With the electric heater that the under blanket heart yearn is made, only 300mA and the highest heating temp are in 50 ℃ for the single heart yearn electric current during the electronic switch short circuit, and the power consumption in the time of at full capacity is 15W; Have the egg temperature that the electric heating incubator box of appropriate heat-insulation layer had a power failure 2 hours and only descend 1 ℃,, avoided electric shock accidents and the overheated fire incident that causes in the operation so guaranteed to realize the miniaturization of complete machine and temperature automatically controlled.

Rectifier power source and temperature automatically controlled composition thermostat, one is contained in the aluminum casing of 135 * 7 * 8mm, aluminium plate thickness is intended being advisable greater than 0.4mm, machine shell panel is provided with the potentiometer knob of a regulating and controlling temperature scope, make controlled adjustment on arbitrary value between 35.5～40 ℃, two light emitting diodes are as heat up (ruddiness), lower the temperature (green glow) double (extinguishing entirely) indication that has a power failure, and the casing side is provided with electric heater binding post and temperature sensing device thermistor jack; Electric heater is a under blanket of making 44.5 * 28cm with the under blanket heart yearn, can be layered in the incubator box, also can be layered in the dishware container, thermistor is placed in the middle of the birds, beasts and eggs above the electric heater, incubator box inner liner heat-insulation layer with the plank making, electric heater is layered on the heat-insulation layer of case bottom, hatching chicken, duck's egg periodic quantity are optional in 350 pieces, after going into to incubate setting egg(s), cover the cotton cotton-padded mattress, the connecting line of electric heater and thermistor is patched respectively on the binding post and jack of thermostat casing, and connecting power supply can hatch.

The circuit theory of miniature constant temperature incubator is seen Fig. 1.Temperature automatically controlled by μ A555 time base circuit and on every side element form that information detects and the contactless electronic beam switch circuit.

Information detection is by R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, W, μ A555 6. pin and 2. pin form, adjusting potentiometer W, to make t ° of steady temperature value be 38 ℃, when 37.8 ℃ 〉=t ° 〉=38.2 ℃, thermistor R ₃This high and low temperature information of picking of inspection passes to the 6. pin of μ A555 and 2. pin, overturns when relatively reaching roll over condition through inner detection of μ A555, carries out break-make with the instruction electronic switch and controls.

Contactless electronic beam switch is by the 3. pin of μ A555 and with its BG that is connected ₁, BG ₂And BG ₃Form control electric heater RX ₁, RX ₂Current switch, 7. pin and BG ₄Form control intensification, cooling indicator cock.When 3. pin is output as high level, BG ₁, BG ₂And BG ₃End electric heater RX ₁, RX ₂Power supply be cut off and heating up not; 7. the pin current potential should be high level mutually, the intensification indication LED ₁Not luminous, BG ₄Base stage because of the 7. high potential conducting of pin, the cooling indication LED ₂Luminous.When 3. pin is output as low level, BG ₁, BG ₂And BG ₃Conducting, dc source is to electric heater RX ₁, RX ₂Power supplying and heating and heating up; 7. the pin current potential also should be low level, BG mutually ₄Be cut off the cooling indication LED ₂No current and extinguish the intensification indication LED ₁Quilt is lighted luminous, BG ₁Be BG ₂And BG ₃The compound pipe of swinging to, if the silicone tube that adopts the 3DG12 type also can, above-mentioned heating-cooling process is just in time conversely.The electric current of electric heater is by BG ₂And BG ₃Emitter stage output, help simplifying cooling measure like this.

This incubator is like this work, adjusts potentiometer W, and the optimum temperature of setting poultry hatching is 38 ℃, is lower than under 36 ℃ the situation R going into to incubate egg temperature before heating ₃+ W 〉=(R ₁=R ₂), the 6. pin level V of μ A555 ₆〉=2/3 Vcc, 2. pin level V ₂〉=1/3Vcc, 3. pin output low level, the intensification indication LED is heated in the electric heater energising ₁The demonstration that glows, thermistor R ₃Resistance reduce along with the egg temperature rise.When temperature rises to 38.2 ℃, R ₃Resistance be reduced to R ₃+ W＜(R ₁=R ₂) time, make V ₆＜2/3 Vcc, V ₂＜1/3 Vcc, the μ A555 upset that is triggered, 3. pin output becoming high level, electric heater power is cut off and cooling naturally, the indication LED of lowering the temperature ₂Lighted green light and shown the intensification indication LED ₁Extinguished R ₃Resistance also begins to increase.When temperature drops to 37.8 ℃, thermistor R ₃Resistance increases to and satisfies R ₃+ W=(R ₁=R ₂) condition, make V ₆=2/3Vcc, V ₂=1/3Vcc, flip and flop generator is reset, and 3. pin output becomes low level, and electric heater is switched on again and is heated, and temperature rises again.In actual use, when temperature rose to a little more than 38 ℃ (about 38.1 ℃), the electric heater electric current promptly was cut off.When temperature dropped to a little less than 38 ℃ (about 37.9 ℃), the linearity that μ A555 is between the value of cutting down was amplified working stage, 3. pin and 7. pin all be placed in the suspension output state of half conducting, LED ₁, LED ₂All lighted luminous.The electric current that flows through electric heater is at 0＜(IRX ₁+ IRX ₂)＜I _AlwaysBetween float, electric heater is slightly heated, when the egg temperature rose to a little more than 38 ℃ gradually, electronic switch ended again, temperature is controlled in and is not higher than 38.1 ℃ and be not less than 37.9 ℃.During power failure, LED ₁, LED ₂All not luminous, also just played the power failure indicative function.

The used components and parts of this incubator do not have specific (special) requirements, so make easily.Power transformer B adopts DB-012-3 type black and white television set power transformer.μ A555 can adopt bipolar time-base circuits such as 5G1555.Transistor is selected the little pipe of penetrating current Iceo, BG ₁Adopt 2Z800 or 3AX83, β＞50, BG ₂, BG ₃Adopt 3DD15, β＞30, BG ₄Adopt the silicon transistor of 3DG201,3DG6 and so on all can.Diode D ₁-D ₄Adopt the 2CZ33B type, or with the commutation diode of 1.5A/50V, the voltage stabilizing of DW employing 2CW3 type is at the Zener diode of 9～10.5V, LED ₁, LED ₂Adopt the LD601 type.Electrolytic capacitor C ₁Adopt 100 μ f/50V, C ₂Adopt 220 μ f/16V, C ₃Amount of capacity, influential to the reversal rate of μ A555, should adopt the ceramic disc capacitor of 0.01 μ f.Resistance R ₁, R ₂Select the RT type carbon resistance film of 1/4W for use, must measure before the machine in the welding, in the hope of reaching R ₁=R ₂, thermistor R ₃Adopt negative temperature coefficient MF11 type commonly used, nominal resistance 1.3K Ω, the apolegamy of these three resistance is than being R ₁=R ₂, R ₃=(1.2～1.4) R ₁If, R ₃Nominal resistance be lower than this proportioning, the sensitivity meeting step-down of complete machine, R ₃Selecting for use of resistance preferably by determining behind the temperature test.This thermostat R ₃The nominal resistance that adopt the test back is 1.39K Ω.Series connection potentiometer W and R ₃Ratio should be chosen in 0.1, the bigger temperature controlling range of ratio can broaden, but the sensitivity meeting reduces.Whole thermostat dress is in aluminium matter casing, and machine shell panel adopts epoxy single face copper clad plate to make wiring board shown in Figure 2, and above element was welded in, no copper face was the front of machine shell panel.Utilize casing to make heat sink, with BG ₂, BG ₃Directly be fixed on the back plate of casing BG ₁Be welded on BG ₂, BG ₃Respective foot on.Electric heater and thermistor R ₃Binding post and jack be loaded on the casing side, the vacant part of casing is bored a little ventilation holes, in order to ventilation and heat.Words with good conditionsi can be made into casing exquisite attractive in appearance, and wiring board also can design because of need.Thermistor R ₃Be encapsulated in the copper sheet tube, with the inhomogeneities of buffering egg temperature.The heart yearn total length 393cm of intercepting 40W under blanket, arrange by the wiring size that Fig. 3 gave, make centre with cotton thread at two-layer cotton, with the heating wire of each wiring point with fine sandpaper polishing 1cm section, close in the above then copper cash around one deck φ 0.18mm, plate scolding tin, Jia Gong solder joint is not only firm like this, and can avoid contact loss and arcing to cause accident.Incubator box is made the wooden case that internal volume is 48 * 30 * 25cm with the thick plank of 1cm, a little air inlets slit or a little pores of well-balanced ground auger are stayed in the bottom, plank is not followed closely on top in the open, cotton cotton-padded mattress at chamber interior wall and bottom liner 1cm thickness is made heat-insulation layer, again electric heater is layered on the inside and can hatches setting egg(s), cotton cotton-padded mattress on the upper cover of case, institute's cap rock number can increase and decrease according to the temperature inside the box situation, if in 100, can resembling hen, the egg of hatching hatches with the dishware container sitting on eggs.

The utility model is owing to adopt transformer that the alternating voltage of 220V is isolated, and from the low pressure of the secondary output 16.5V working power as complete machine, so no electric shock accidents takes place in the operation, available accumulator jar is directly powered after having a power failure; Since adopt μ A555 time base circuit and on every side element form temperature automatically controlled and contactless electronic beam switch circuit, so its temperature control sensitivity can be accomplished less than ± 0.2 ℃, the temperature control value only needs dull potentiometer knob, make simple to operate, and the double indication that has a power failure of heating-cooling is arranged, be convenient to management; Because the electric heater that adopts the under blanket heart yearn to make, protection against the tide, folding are not only arranged, and performance easy to make is simplified incubator, the no overheated accident that causes with arcing, and the energy consumption of design is low, the power consumption 15W in the time of at full capacity, hatching egg cycle power consumption 5 degree, average power consumption 0.0143 degree of every piece of egg when completely incubating, rolling over 0.0037 yuan, is 37% of every piece of egg average power consumption of TS75-1 type incubator, be the average every piece of consumption feed of 30 pieces of eggs of chicken hatching at a discount 0.0252 yuan 14.7%; Because incubator box has the heat-insulation layer of appropriateness, the egg temperature that had a power failure 2 hours only descends 1 ℃, need not to take other measure of heating in this time; So can utilize time spare time operational administrative.

The concrete structure of utility model is provided by following embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof.

Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of the miniature constant temperature incubator that the utility model proposes; Fig. 2 is on line and circuit board drawing; Fig. 3 is electric heater wiring size on line figure.

Below in conjunction with Fig. 1,2,3 details and the working conditions that describe in detail according to the concrete constant temperature incubator that the utility model proposes.

The 220V alternating voltage is through the isolation of transformer B, from the alternating voltage of secondary windings output 16.5V, through D ₁～D ₄And C ₁Behind the rectifying and wave-filtering as the working power of complete machine, BX ₁, BX ₂Be the power safety pipe, DW, R ₄And C ₂The 10V voltage that obtains after the direct-flow no load voltage current limliting voltage stabilizing with 25V is supplied with the working power of μ A555.

Temperature automatically controlled by μ A555 time base circuit and on every side element form that information detects and the contactless electronic beam switch circuit.R ₁, R ₂, R ₃, W, μ A555 6. pin and 2. pin form temperature information testing circuit, thermistor R ₃Be temperature-sensing element, W is that temperature value is set potentiometer, adjusts its resistance size, and temperature is set on the arbitrary value between 35.5～40 ℃, the 3. pin of μ A555 and with its joining R ₅, BG ₁, BG ₂And BG ₃Composition is to electric heater RX ₁, RX ₂Current switch control, R ₅Be current-limiting resistance, change its resistance, can change BG ₂, BG ₃The saturation conduction degree.7. pin and the BG of μ A555 ₄Composition is to the switch control of heating-cooling indication.LED ₁(redness) is the indication that heats up, LED ₂(green) is cooling indication, R ₆, R ₇It is respectively their current-limiting resistance.

Electric heater is made by wiring size that Fig. 3 gave, and heart yearn spacing 4cm, overall width 28cm, length 44.5cm is actually the length that 4 long 97cm(do not comprise pad) single core under blanket heart yearn, parallel connection is RX ₁, RX ₂Two groups, ground wire is always held the negative terminal of joining power line, and two ends connect BG respectively in addition ₂, BG ₃The binding post of emitter stage on.

After whole element testing welding are errorless, connect power supply, check that can complete machine operate as normal.Then, with thermistor R ₃With a thermometer with placing in the adjustable container of temperature.Universal meter DC current 1000mA shelves are serially connected in protective tube BX ₂The position on measure I _Always, when potentiometer W places temperature controlled least significant end, i.e. R _WWhen=0 Ω, vessel temp are lower than 35.3 ℃, I _Always=900mA, the intensification indication LED ₁Luminous; When vessel temp rises to 35.6 ℃, I _Always=0, the intensification indication LED ₁Extinguish the cooling indication LED ₂Luminous, when vessel temp drops near 35.4 ℃, I _Always≈ 450mA, the heating-cooling indication is all luminous; When vessel temp drops to 35.3 ℃, I _AlwaysGo back up to 900mA again.When potentiometer W places temperature controlled most significant end, R _W=100 Ω, vessel temp is at 39.8～40.2 ℃ of scopes, I _AlwaysThen in 900mA～0 range, the heating-cooling indication also correspondingly changes, and electric heater is adjustable between 35.5～40 ℃ by controlling temperature like this.

Claims (5)

1, the temperature automatically controlled incubator of family hatching poultry, this incubator have power transformer the alternating voltage of 220V is isolated transformation after the DC voltage of rectifying and wave-filtering as the working power of complete machine, incubator box temperature automatically controlled and that φ 0.8mm galvanized wire is made is arranged, feature of the present utility model is thermistor R ₃The temperature information that inspection is picked in the incubator box passes to the 6. pin of μ A555 and 2. behind the pin, the temperature value that sets according to potentiometer W detects comparison, during variations in temperature ± 0.2 ℃, promptly instructs 3. pin and with its joining BG of contactless electronic beam switch ₁, BG ₂And BG ₃To the break-make control of electric heater electric current, 7. pin and BG ₄To the intensification indication LED ₁With the cooling indication LED ₂The thermostat of switch control, the electric heater RX in the electric heating incubator box ₁, RX ₂Be to make with thermostat of the under blanket heart yearn to link, and controlled by thermostat.

2, incubator according to claim 1 is characterized in that the 6. pin of μ A555,2. pin, thermistor R ₃, potentiometer W and resistance R ₁, R ₂Temperature information detect relatively.

3, incubator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that μ A555, pin and BG ₁, BG ₂And BG ₃The contactless electronic beam switch of control electric heater electric current.

4, incubator according to claim 1 is characterized in that 7. pin and the BG of μ A555 ₄Control intensification indication LED ₁, the cooling indication LED ₂Contactless electronic beam switch.

5, incubator according to claim 1 is characterized in that the electric heater RX of electric heating incubator box ₁, RX ₂Be that the under blanket heart yearn is made.

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