CN204649150U - A kind of vector magnetic sensor array - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of vector magnetic sensor array, comprise multiple magnetosensitive vector sensor, driving chip, control circuit and PCB, magnetosensitive vector sensor is connected with described driving chip, magnetosensitive vector sensor and driving chip are positioned at the top layer of described PCB, control circuit is designed to the reading described driving chip being carried out to parameter configuration and data, and by RS-232 serial ports working method transmission data to host computer, control circuit is positioned at the bottom of described PCB, is connected by via hole with driving circuit.This vector magnetic sensor array, by jig auxiliary welding, ensure that positional precision and the orthogonality of X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance, has good displacement measurement precision.Circuit structure is compact, and volume is little, low in energy consumption, is easy to scale integrated, and method for making is simple, practical.

Description

A kind of vector magnetic sensor array

Technical field

The utility model relates to sensor technical field, and in particular to a kind of vector magnetic sensor array, this vector magnetic sensor array is applicable to the displacement monitoring of sliding mass deep layer, also may be used for other No-contact Displacement Measurement.

Background technology

The underground displacement measurement of sliding mass is the effective means of monitoring Landslide Stability, and conventional monitoring methods adopts clinograph to monitor.The method needs first to hole from earth's surface, landslide some rice to slipping plane downwards, the accurate inclinometer pipe with chute is installed, then concrete grouting is carried out to inclinometer pipe outside, inclinometer pipe is combined with sliding mass firmly, again by placing tiltmeter in chute, by the change of tiltmeter monitoring inclinometer pipe inwall degree of tilt.Usually measure inclinometer pipe and bury early stage condition curve underground as datum curve, the follow-up curve that records and datum curve (or the curve recorded in advance) compare, and obtain displacement deformation and the slipping plane elevation location accurately of slipping plane.But there are the following problems for this test mode: 1) construction of inclinometer pipe is complicated, and installation work amount is large, costly.Deviational survey hole needs the geotechnical boring carrying out specialty, and boring aperture is comparatively large, and the degree of depth needs to cross over slipping plane, and to the inwall in deviational survey hole and linearity high.Inclinometer pipe how employing special material of installation is shaping, and processing chute by precision optical machinery, inclinometer pipe is expensive in order to ensure measuring accuracy! 2) reliability of clinograph is low, difficult in maintenance.The length of single inclinometer pipe is less than 3 meters usually, for most of sliding mass, many inclinometer pipes are needed to be connected, and when connecting points is close to intricately condition position, as solution cavity district, be easy to because deficiency of being in the milk causes local built on stilts, stressed rear generation disconnects, thus causes whole inclinometer pipe to be discarded.And when sliding mass deflection is excessive, inclinometer pipe local deformation excess, also can block inclino-probe, inclinometer pipe is caused to be scrapped in advance.In addition, inclinometer pipe part of basseting needs strict protection, any foreign matters from being blocked pipeline, and inclinometer pipe all can be caused to discard.Based on clinograph Problems existing, explore the new method being applicable to the monitoring of sliding mass deep soil movement, there is important economic worth and realistic meaning.

Based on magnetic positioning method, landslide deep soil movement is monitored, sensing point is separated with target point, permanent magnet is adopted to form target point, the Sliding with large distance that deep layer occurs is converted into the change of local magnetic field, by monitoring the change in magnetic field, and then calculate the change in displacement in sliding mass deep, as patented claim " a kind of on-line monitoring method realizing landslide deep soil movement measurement based on the magnetic orientation " (application number: 201310352732.2) of publicity, the problem of clinograph can be evaded well, there is application prospect well.But simulation analysis and experimental study show, obtain the change in displacement of target point mm level, need to build magnetic vector sensor array, detect because the displacement of target point causes the change of magnetic field on different detecting location simultaneously, the sensitivity of sensor is higher, self-position precision is more accurate, and the displacement resolution of detectable target point is higher.Therefore, developing highly sensitive, positional precision vector magnetic sensor array accurately, is the key that magnetic positioning method detects landslide deep soil movement.At present, practical Magnetic Sensor mainly contains fluxgate sensor, AMR Magnetic Sensor, Hall magnetic sensor etc., wherein the sensitivity of fluxgate sensor, AMR Magnetic Sensor can reach sub-nT level, but the signal condition needing configuration complicated and extraction circuit, system bulk is large, expensive, the price of single cover vector magnetic sensor, in tens thousand of unit, is difficult to carry out array integrated.Hall magnetic sensor volume is little, but sensitivity not high (sub-mT level), not easily accurately measure.The end of the year 2011, PNI company of the U.S. releases a kind of sensor based on accurate magnetosensitive inductance, its volume only has 6mm*1.5mm*2mm, coupling special driving chip, the high-acruracy survey of 0.1uT level can be realized, and with low cost, periphery circuit design is simple, multiple-sensor integration is convenient, has a good application prospect.In addition, carry out No-contact Displacement Measurement based on magnetic positioning method, also have strict requirement to the positional precision of each component of vector sensor and orthogonality.At present, it is very ripe that PCB makes technique, and pad machining precision can reach 0.01mm, and therefore after welding, the positional precision of vector sensor and orthogonality depend on the attachment process of device completely.Traditional welding method mainly contains manual welding and SMT surface mount.Common manual welding, the positioning error of device is in mm level, and the orthogonality of X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction is difficult to ensure, and array making quality is relevant to the quality of technician, is difficult to the quality ensureing array; SMT surface mount process is a kind of welding circuit board technology of full-automation, and placement accuracy precision is higher but expensive, and needs the special attachment steel mesh of customization and upper material clamp, makes long in time limit.Although this technology can ensure the positional precision of device preferably, because Z-direction magnetosensitive shapes of inductors is special, during attachment, the orthogonality of Z-direction and X-direction, Y-direction is also difficult to ensure, this will significantly reduce the measuring accuracy of Z-direction sensor.Therefore, explore new circuit fabrication method to ensureing that the precision of vector magnetic sensor array is very crucial, but not yet retrieve the concrete grammar relating to high sensitivity vector magnetic sensor array and make at present.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of vector magnetic sensor array, and this array adopts accurate magnetosensitive inductance as sensing unit, by specific method for making, builds vector magnetic sensor array.The advantages such as this sensor array has that displacement measurement precision is high, volume is little, low in energy consumption, highly sensitive, low price, method for making design is ingenious.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the utility model is taked is:

A kind of vector magnetic sensor array, comprise multiple magnetosensitive vector sensor, driver module, control module, PCB, magnetosensitive vector sensor is connected with driver module, magnetosensitive vector sensor and driver module are positioned at the top layer of PCB, and control module is used for reading driver module being carried out to parameter configuration and data, and by RS-232 serial ports working method transmission data to host computer, described control module is positioned at the bottom of described PCB, is connected by via hole with described driver module.

Described magnetosensitive vector sensor is made up of three magnetosensitive inductance of X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction Orthogonally arrangement;

Described X-direction magnetosensitive inductance forms the sensor array of, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm;

Described Y-direction magnetosensitive inductance forms the sensor array of, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm;

Described Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance forms the sensor array of, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm.

Described X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance, by jig auxiliary positioning, ensure positional precision and orthogonality.

The pad of described X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance all adopts the via hole of 2 Φ 1mm to be connected with the thermal land of circuit board bottom; Signal stratum is also provided with, for the electromagnetic effect of isolated controlling module to described magnetic vector sensor between the top layer of described PCB and bottom.

According to above-mentioned scheme of the present utility model, vector magnetic sensor of the present utility model is based on magnetosensitive inductance sensor, when target point change in displacement causes the changes of magnetic field of measurement point, the sensibility reciprocal of magnetosensitive inductance changes, by pre-configured and calibration, above-mentioned change is converted into digital signal by driving circuit, then by control circuit by data information transfer to host computer.Magnetosensitive inductance adopts special chip to drive, and its sensitivity changes is directly changed into digital output, saves common A/D and changes, and the hardware configuration of circuit is simple, and volume is little, low in energy consumption, highly sensitive, the convenient array forming complexity.

A kind of method for making of vector magnetic sensor array, described vector magnetic sensor array comprises multiple magnetosensitive vector sensor, the driver module of described magnetosensitive vector sensor, control module and PCB, described magnetosensitive vector sensor is connected with driver module, described magnetosensitive vector sensor and driver module are positioned at the top layer of described PCB, described control module is designed to reading driver module being carried out to parameter configuration and data, and by RS-232 serial ports working method transmission data to host computer, described control module is positioned at the bottom of described PCB, be connected by via hole with described driver module.

The method for making of described vector magnetic sensor array comprises the steps:

PCB and steel mesh are passed through pilot hole closed assembly, brushing solder(ing) paste on the magnetosensitive inductance pad on steel mesh;

Take off steel mesh, the jig having magnetosensitive inductance spacing hole array is carried out closed assembly by pilot hole and PCB, and adopts screw locking;

Magnetosensitive inductance is put into successively the spacing hole of jig, uniform pressurization, ensure magnetosensitive inductance and contact pads;

By PCB Corner Strapped on special weld holder, other position is unsettled, adopt the heat gun of bore Φ 5mm to the thermal land of PCB bottom and via hole heated at constant temperature, temperature controls at 300 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C, wind speed 4 grades (about 500L/min), heat gun air port and PCB keep 45 degree of angles, 10 seconds heat times;

All thermal lands and via hole heated at constant temperature complete, unclamp locating device, take off jig, check that whether the pad of magnetosensitive inductance complete;

Adopt the resistance grade of multimeter to measure the two poles of the earth of magnetosensitive inductance, the size according to resistance judges whether rosin joint, for the magnetosensitive inductance pin of rosin joint, carries out repair welding by manual at top layer.

According to circuit design, other electron device of manual welding.

A kind of vector magnetic sensor array, is applied to the monitoring of sliding mass deep soil movement.

According to the scheme of above-mentioned utility model, PCB designs conductive structure, jig is adopted to carry out auxiliary positioning assembling to magnetosensitive inductance, the heat gun back side is adopted to add thermal weld, without the need to making special frock clamp and the processing of SMT paster, can realize the precision welding of magnetosensitive inductance, positioning precision and the orthogonality of device ensure primarily of jig.The method for making of this array is simple, and with low cost, be skillfully constructed, operability is good.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1), the sensitivity of magnetosensitive inductance at 15nT, the detectable precision of changes of magnetic field higher than 0.1uT, based on magnetosensitive inductance build vector magnetic sensor array highly sensitive, possess the potentiality of high precision position shift measurement;

2), magnetosensitive inductance sensor volume little (as 6mm*1.5mm*2mm), and magnetoelectricity transfer process is without the need to increasing signal conditioning circuit, and save A/D shifting circuit, circuit structure is compact, and volume is little, low in energy consumption, and low price is easy to scale integrated.

3), by designing conductive structure in PCB, adopt the auxiliary assembling of jig, manually attachment can realize the precision welding of magnetosensitive inductance component, and method for making is simple, with low cost.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1-1 is the Facad structure schematic diagram of the utility model vector magnetic sensor array embodiment;

Fig. 1-2 is the structure schematic diagram of the utility model vector magnetic sensor array embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the outside drawing of jig;

In figure: 1-vector magnetic sensor, 2-driver module, 3-control module, 4-PCB, 5-X-direction magnetosensitive inductance, 6-Y-direction magnetosensitive inductance, 7-Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that vector magnetic sensor array is applied to the monitoring of sliding mass deep soil movement.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiment of the utility model is described in further detail:

As shown in Figure 1, vector magnetic sensor array embodiment, the present embodiment comprises 9 magnetosensitive vector sensors 1, the driver module 2 of 9 magnetosensitive vector sensors, control module 3 and PCB 4, magnetosensitive vector sensor 1 is connected with driver module 2, magnetosensitive vector sensor 1 and driver module 2 are positioned at the top layer of described PCB 4, control module 3 is designed to reading driver module 2 being carried out to parameter configuration and data, and by RS-232 serial ports working method transmission data to host computer, control module 3 is positioned at the bottom of described PCB 4, be connected by via hole with driver module 2, driver module 2 selects the PNI 12927 of PNI company of the U.S., control module 3 selects STC12LE2052AD single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer and host computer interface adopt RS-232 to be connected.

Magnetosensitive vector sensor 1 is made up of three magnetosensitive inductance of X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction Orthogonally arrangement;

X-direction magnetosensitive inductance 5 forms the sensor array of, and select PNI company of U.S. SEN-R65, specification is: 6mm*1.5mm*2mm, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm;

Y-direction magnetosensitive inductance 6 forms the sensor array of, and select PNI company of U.S. SEN-R65, specification is: 6mm*1.5mm*2mm, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm;

Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance 7 forms the sensor array of, and select PNI company of U.S. SEN-Z65, specification is: 6mm*2mm*2mm, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm.

X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance are by jig 8 auxiliary positioning, ensure positional precision and orthogonality, jig 4 adopts the stainless steel material of thickness 2mm, is made by numerical control machining center CNC, site error is less than 0.05mm, and the error of perpendicularity is less than 0.1 °;

The pad of X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance all adopts the via hole of 2 Φ 1mm to be connected with the thermal land of circuit board bottom, and thermal land is 2mm*2mm; Signal stratum is also provided with, for isolating the electromagnetic effect of described control circuit to described magnetic vector sensor between the top layer of PCB 4 and bottom;

The method for making of above-described embodiment, comprises the steps:

PCB 4 and steel mesh are passed through pilot hole closed assembly, brushing solder(ing) paste on the magnetosensitive inductance pad on steel mesh;

Take off steel mesh, the jig 8 having magnetosensitive inductance spacing hole array is carried out closed assembly by pilot hole and PCB 4, and adopts screw locking.

Magnetosensitive inductance is put into successively the spacing hole of jig 8, uniform pressurization, ensure magnetosensitive inductance and contact pads.

By PCB 4 Corner Strapped on special weld holder, other position is unsettled, adopt the heat gun of bore Φ 5mm to the thermal land of PCB 4 bottom and via hole heated at constant temperature, temperature controls at 300 DEG C ~ 350 DEG C, wind speed 4 grades (about 500L/min), heat gun air port and PCB 4 keep 45 ° of angles, 10 seconds heat times.

All thermal lands and via hole heated at constant temperature complete, unclamp locating device, take off jig 8, check that whether the pad of magnetosensitive inductance complete;

Adopt the resistance grade of multimeter to measure the two poles of the earth of magnetosensitive inductance, the size according to resistance judges whether rosin joint, for the magnetosensitive inductance pin of rosin joint, carries out repair welding by manual at top layer.

According to circuit design, other electron device of manual welding.

As shown in Figure 2, be auxiliary jig 8 schematic diagram assembled.

X-direction, Y-direction, the physical dimension of Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance and the hole dimension precision-fit of jig 8, error is less than 0.1mm.

Single chip machine controlling circuit involved by the utility model, RS232 telecommunication circuit etc., all belong to prior art, have various ways and application at automation field.Just enumerate part implementation at this, concrete describing is not done to the detail characteristic of circuit again.

A kind of vector magnetic sensor array is applied to the monitoring of sliding mass deep soil movement, as shown in Figure 3, first permanent magnet 9 is embedded in the side of sliding mass resistant strata 7, again described spectra of acoustic vector sensor array (9 rectangular arrangements of vector sensor: 1# ~ 9#) is buried underground the opposite side of sliding mass glide plane 8, each magnetic parameter of popping one's head in array under reading original state.When glide plane 8 produces mobile by such environmental effects, permanent magnet 9 changes relative to the locus of vector magnetic sensor array, and its magnetic influence changes, thus causes the measurement result of each probe on array to produce corresponding change.Experimentally predetermined algorithm, sets up magnetic component change and the relation of relative displacement, resolves the change in displacement that magnetic vector change is corresponding, can obtain the displacement on sliding mass locus.Be implemented as follows:

Because sensing point corresponding to detector and permanent magnet distance are greater than the dimension of permanent magnet itself in the utility model, now permanent magnet can be equivalent to a magnetic dipole, its in sensing point region by magnetic field environment stable for formation one.Coordinate system corresponding for magnetic detector is set to space global coordinate system, because permanent magnet locus is constant, permanent magnet center can be set as true origin.The volume coordinate of sensing point is respectively (x ₁, y ₁, z ₁), the magnetic induction density component detected is respectively B _1x, B _1y, B _1z.Two sensing points are respectively relative to the space length at permanent magnet center the equivalent magnetic moment of permanent magnet is P _m, the position angle under coordinate system and the elevation angle are respectively α and β.Have according to the coordinate conversion relation that sensing point magnetic-field component solves:

$B_{1x}=\frac{{\mathrm{\μ}}_0{P}_m}{4\mathrm{\π}{r}_1^5}[({2x}_1^2-y_1^2-z_1^2)\sin \mathrm{\α}\cos \mathrm{\β}+3x_1{y}_1\sin \mathrm{\α}\sin \mathrm{\β}+3x_1{z}_1\cos \mathrm{\α}]$

$B_{1y}=\frac{{\mathrm{\μ}}_0{P}_m}{4\mathrm{\π}{r}_1^5}[({2y}_1^2-x_1^2-z_1^2)\sin \mathrm{\α}\cos \mathrm{\β}+3x_1{y}_1\sin \mathrm{\α}\sin \mathrm{\β}+3y_1{z}_1\cos \mathrm{\α}]$

$B_{1z}=\frac{{\mathrm{\μ}}_0{P}_m}{4\mathrm{\π}{r}_1^5}[({2z}_1^2-y_1^2-z_1^2)\cos a+3x_1{z}_1\sin \mathrm{\α}\sin \mathrm{\β}+3x_1{z}_1\sin \mathrm{\α}\sin \mathrm{\β}]$

Based on above-mentioned relation, set up the unknown quantity i.e. coordinate (x of two sensing points of other 8 sensing points, y, and α and β z), consider the position relationship of 9 sensing points on circuit again, respective coordinate (x, y can be tried to achieve by computer programming, z) and α and β, the locus of sensing point is so also just determined.In fact, based on satnav principle, 3 magnetic vector detectors can locate the position that permanent magnet reaches in theory, adopt 9 magnetic vector detectors to detect here, its object is to the detection accuracy improving system further.

When there is landslide situation in sensing point, the dimensional orientation of detector and the magnetic induction density component of sensing point all will change with sensing point change, based on above-mentioned positioning principle, coordinate (x' is carried out to landslide displacement, y', z') and α ' and β ' again solve, the reposition after slip can be tried to achieve.Using the displacement of array center's sensing point as landslide displacement, then can calculate:

$L=\sqrt{{(\frac{x_2-x_1}{2}-\frac{x_2^{\′\′}-x_1^{\′\′}}{2})}^2+{(\frac{y_2-y_1}{2}-\frac{y_2^{\′\′}-y_1^{\′\′}}{2})}^2+{(\frac{z_2-z_1}{2}-\frac{z_2^{\′\′}-z_1^{\′\′}}{2})}^2}$

The magnetic orientation that the utility model relates to and displacement calculation method can obtain application on landslide and civil engineering work, also no longer do concrete describing here.

Core of the present utility model is the principle from magnetic orientation, selects accurate inductance as magnetic field sensing element, builds highly sensitive vector magnetic sensor array; By carrying out heat conductive design to PCB, utilizing jig auxiliary welding, effectively ensureing positional precision and the orthogonality of sensing element.

Claims (4)

1. a vector magnetic sensor array, comprise multiple magnetosensitive vector sensor (1), driver module (2), control module (3), PCB (4), described magnetosensitive vector sensor (1) is connected with described driver module (2), and magnetosensitive vector sensor (1) and driver module (2) are positioned at the top layer of described PCB (4); Described control module (3) is for carrying out the reading of parameter configuration and data to driver module (2), and by RS-232 serial ports working method transmission data to host computer, control module (3) is positioned at the bottom of PCB (4), be connected by via hole with driver module (2), it is characterized in that

Described magnetosensitive vector sensor (1) is made up of three magnetosensitive inductance of X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction Orthogonally arrangement;

Described X-direction magnetosensitive inductance (5) forms the sensor array of, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm;

Described Y-direction magnetosensitive inductance (6) forms the sensor array of, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm;

Described Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance (7) forms the sensor array of, and the OC site error of inductance is less than +/-0.1mm.

2. vector magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance are by jig (8) auxiliary positioning.

3. vector magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pad of described X-direction, Y-direction, Z-direction magnetosensitive inductance all adopts the via hole of 2 Φ 1mm to be connected with the thermal land of PCB (4) bottom.

4. vector magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between the top layer of described PCB (4) and bottom, be also provided with signal stratum, for isolated controlling module (3) to the electromagnetic effect of magnetic vector sensor.