CN204648985U - Combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove - Google Patents
Combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN204648985U CN204648985U CN201520104674.6U CN201520104674U CN204648985U CN 204648985 U CN204648985 U CN 204648985U CN 201520104674 U CN201520104674 U CN 201520104674U CN 204648985 U CN204648985 U CN 204648985U
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- air scoop
- air
- flue
- heat exchanger
- heat exchange
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Abstract
The open a kind of combustion heating gas of the utility model melts aluminium stove, comprising: body of heater, nozzle, flue, First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger.First Heat Exchanger is the first heat exchange coil be arranged in flue, and the two ends of the first heat exchange coil form the first air scoop and the second air scoop respectively, and on the flow of flue gas direction in flue, the second air scoop is positioned at the downstream of the first air scoop.Second heat exchanger is the second heat exchange coil be arranged in flue, and the two ends of the second heat exchange coil form the 3rd air scoop and the 4th air scoop respectively, and on the flow of flue gas direction in flue, the 4th air scoop is positioned at the downstream of the 3rd air scoop.Wherein, second air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 4th air scoop, first air scoop is communicated with blower fan by pipeline, 3rd air scoop is communicated with nozzle by pipeline, make combustion air first in First Heat Exchanger, carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas in the second heat exchanger.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of boiler waste heat utilization system, and particularly one melts aluminium stove bootstrap system.
Background technology
In the face of increasingly serious environmental problem and energy crisis, energy-saving and emission-reduction are all being advocated energetically in the whole world.Especially for power consumption with pollute for all more serious Industrial Stoves related industry, how carrying out energy-saving and emission-reduction transformation, having become the factor that those skilled in the art must consider when designing this kind equipment.
For molten aluminium stove, the flue-gas temperature of its smoke outlet can reach 1000 degrees centigrade usually.If be directly discharged in environment by these high-temperature flue gas, energy waste not only can be caused also to cause destruction to a certain degree to environment.
A kind ofly disclosed in No. 201220327875.9, Chinese patent utilize the energy saver of hot pipe technique heat-exchange system on molten aluminium stove, it comprises housing and heat pipe, heat pipe comprises bundle hot junction and Shu Lengduan, on bundle hot junction, cover has sheath, the housing in heat pipe bundle hot junction is provided with high-temperature flue gas entry and exhanst gas outlet, and the housing of heat pipe bundle cold junction is provided with combustion air entrance and combustion air outlet.But the energy saver on this molten aluminium stove does not disclose or advises how being applicable to the situation of combustion heat coal gas, do not disclose yet or advise how solving heating gas and the overheated situation of preheated air.
And for example a kind of molten aluminium stove bootstrap system disclosed in No. 201310359790.8, Chinese patent application, it comprises: body of heater, is provided with burner hearth in body of heater; Nozzle, nozzle is arranged on the side end wall of body of heater; And flue, so that the flue gas produced in burner hearth is expelled to chimney on the opposite side end wall that flue is connected to body of heater.Wherein, the molten aluminium stove bootstrap system flow of flue gas direction also comprised along flue arrange successively for making the flue gas of flue and different fluids carry out the high-temperature heat-exchanging of heat exchange, mid temperature heat exchanger and evaporimeter respectively.Equally, this molten aluminium stove bootstrap system does not disclose or advises how being applicable to the situation of combustion heat coal gas, does not disclose yet or advise how solving heating gas and the overheated situation of preheated air.
Therefore, provide a kind of and can make full use of fume afterheat and the combustion heating gas that fully safeguards system parts are not overheated melts aluminium stove becomes urgent problem in the industry.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of combustion heating gas and melts aluminium stove, and it can fully be recycled high-temperature flue gas waste heat and can not cross cause thermal damage by safeguards system parts.
According to an aspect of the present utility model, provide a kind of combustion heating gas to melt aluminium stove, comprising: body of heater, in body of heater, be provided with burner hearth; Nozzle, for heating gas and combustion air are injected into the heat release of burner hearth combustion on the side end wall that nozzle is arranged on body of heater; And flue, so that the flue gas produced in burner hearth is expelled to chimney on the opposite side end wall that flue is connected to body of heater.This system also comprises First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger, First Heat Exchanger is provided with the first air scoop and the second air scoop, second heat exchanger is provided with the 3rd air scoop and the 4th air scoop, wherein, the first air scoop, the second air scoop, the 3rd air scoop, the 4th air scoop are arranged successively along the flow of flue gas direction of flue.Wherein, first air scoop, second air scoop, 3rd air scoop is connected communicating pipe with being combined through for any pair except adjacent two combinations formed in any two a pair combinations formed in the 4th air scoop, first air scoop, second air scoop, any one in residue two in 3rd air scoop and the 4th air scoop as cool air inlet another as hot air outlet, make to carry out following current heat exchange or countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas in any one first in First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger of combustion air, countercurrent heat exchange or following current heat exchange is carried out with flue gas in another again in First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger, it is combustion-supporting that combustion air after preheating is delivered to nozzle via pipeline.
Wherein, so-called following current heat exchange and countercurrent heat exchange refer to two kinds of heat exchange modes that air approximate flow directions is from the inlet to the outlet identical and contrary with flue gas approximate flow directions from the inlet to the outlet.
Selectively, first air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 4th air scoop, second air scoop is as cool air inlet, 3rd air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in First Heat Exchanger, carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas in the second heat exchanger.
Selectively, first air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 4th air scoop, 3rd air scoop is as cool air inlet, second air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in the second heat exchanger, carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas in First Heat Exchanger.
Selectively, second air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 4th air scoop, first air scoop is as cool air inlet, 3rd air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in First Heat Exchanger, carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas in the second heat exchanger.
Selectively, second air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 4th air scoop, 3rd air scoop is as cool air inlet, first air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in the second heat exchanger, carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas in First Heat Exchanger.
Selectively, first air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 3rd air scoop, second air scoop is as cool air inlet, 4th air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in First Heat Exchanger, carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas in the second heat exchanger.
Selectively, first air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 3rd air scoop, 4th air scoop is as cool air inlet, second air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in the second heat exchanger, carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas in First Heat Exchanger.
Preferably, combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove and may further include blender, blender is provided with heating gas entrance, warm-up combustion-supporting air entrance and the first mixed gas outlet, warm-up combustion-supporting air entrance is communicated with the hot air outlet in the second heat exchanger with First Heat Exchanger by pipeline, and the first mixed gas outlet is communicated with nozzle by pipeline.
More preferably, combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove and may further include injector and air compressor, injector comprises the first gaseous mixture entrance, the second mixed gas outlet and compressed air inlet, first gaseous mixture entrance is communicated with the first mixed gas outlet by pipeline, second mixed gas outlet is communicated with nozzle by pipeline, air compressor to be communicated with compressed air inlet by pipeline and to be used for a small amount of compressed air delivery, in injector, making to form negative pressure in injector with the first gaseous mixture in injection (negative pressure self-priming) blender.
Selectively, flue comprises at least one section of vertical duct, and combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove and also comprises sieve plate and the Ceramic Balls filter course that is arranged in above sieve plate that the cross section that is parallel at least one section of vertical duct arranges for filtering the dust in flue gas.Such as, can comprise two sections of vertical ducts, every section of vertical duct all arranges sieve plate and Ceramic Balls filter course.
Selectively, First Heat Exchanger can comprise the first heat exchange coil be arranged in flue, the two ends of the first heat exchange coil form the first air scoop and the second air scoop respectively, and on the flow of flue gas direction in flue, the second air scoop is positioned at the downstream of the first air scoop.Second heat exchanger can comprise the second heat exchange coil be arranged in flue, and the two ends of the second heat exchange coil form the 3rd air scoop and the 4th air scoop respectively, and on the flow of flue gas direction in flue, the 4th air scoop is positioned at the downstream of the 3rd air scoop.
Selectively, First Heat Exchanger or the second heat exchanger can also be arranged independent of flue, such as, First Heat Exchanger or the second heat exchanger can be independent surface-type heat exchanger, namely, two kinds of fluids that temperature is different flow in the space separated by wall, by the heat conduction of wall and fluid in wall surface convection current, carry out heat exchange between two kinds of fluids.
Selectively, First Heat Exchanger can comprise shell, housing interior volume is divided into the median septum of parallel flue gas flow path and air flow circuit and is located in the some heat pipes in median septum, wherein, the evaporation ends of each heat pipe extends in flue gas flow path, the condensation end of each heat pipe extends in air flow circuit, flue gas flow path is series in flue, the two ends of air flow circuit form the first air scoop and the second air scoop respectively, on flow of flue gas direction in flue, the second air scoop is positioned at the downstream of the first air scoop.Second heat exchanger can comprise shell, housing interior volume is divided into the median septum of parallel flue gas flow path and air flow circuit and is located in the some heat pipes in median septum, wherein, the evaporation ends of each heat pipe extends in flue gas flow path, the condensation end of each heat pipe extends in air flow circuit, flue gas flow path is series in flue, the two ends of air flow circuit form the 3rd air scoop and the 4th air scoop respectively, on flow of flue gas direction in flue, the 4th air scoop is positioned at the downstream of the 3rd air scoop.Wherein, the working medium in the heat pipe of First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger can elect the working medium such as Liquid Sodium or potassium being applicable to more than 1000 degrees Celsius operating modes as.
Selectively, First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger can adopt any combination of above several dissimilar heat exchanger, and such as First Heat Exchanger adopts heat pipe-type, and the second heat exchanger adopts the second heat exchange coil formula.
Selectively, flue arranges the first ash collection slot further for collecting the dust fallen in flue gas in the below of at least one section of vertical duct.
Selectively, in the below of the first heat exchange coil and/or the second heat exchange coil, the second/three ash collection slot is set for collecting the dust fallen in flue gas further.
Selectively, rotational flow fan can be provided with in blender to strengthen mixing of heating gas and combustion air.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: (1), melt the situation that aluminium kiln gas temperature is generally 1000 degrees centigrade for heating gas, First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger is adopted to carry out two-stage heat exchange, and by specific connected mode, combustion air is intersected in First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger and carries out following current heat exchange and/or countercurrent heat exchange, improve heat exchange efficiency on the one hand, another aspect avoids First Heat Exchanger and/or overheated situation appears in the second heat exchanger, extends the service life of heat exchanger; (2), 300 degrees centigrade are generally for heating gas temperature and air themperature after heat exchanger preheating can reach the situation of 600 degrees centigrade usually, adopt injector and air compressor to carry out negative-pressure ejecting and carry out alternative common blower fan, solve and cause common blower fan can cross the problem of cause thermal damage due to combustion gas and too high temperature of air; And (3), for heating gas tar and/or the higher situation of dust content without cooling and purifying thus in flue gas, adopting sieve plate and Ceramic Balls filter course for filtering tar in flue gas and/or dust, making flue gas reach the discharge standard of regulation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The combustion heating gas that Fig. 1 shows a kind of embodiment of the present utility model melts the schematic diagram of aluminium stove.
The combustion heating gas that Fig. 2 shows another kind of embodiment of the present utility model melts the schematic diagram of aluminium stove.
Detailed description of the invention
Please refer to Fig. 1, according to a kind of non-limiting embodiment of the present utility model, combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove and comprises: body of heater 100, nozzle 120, flue 150, First Heat Exchanger 200, second heat exchanger 300, blender 400, injector 500 and air compressor 600.
Burner hearth (not shown) is provided with in body of heater 100.For the gaseous mixture of heating gas and combustion air is injected into the heat release of burner hearth combustion on the side end wall that nozzle 120 is arranged on body of heater 100.So that the flue gas produced in burner hearth is expelled to chimney (not shown) on the opposite side end wall that flue 150 is connected to body of heater 100.
In this non-limiting embodiment, flue 150 comprises one section of vertical duct 155, this combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove and also comprises the sieve plate 170 and the Ceramic Balls filter course 180 that is arranged in above sieve plate 170 that the cross section that is parallel to vertical duct 155 arranges, for filtering dust in flue gas and/or tar.Ash collection slot 156 is set further in the below of vertical duct 155 for collecting the dust fallen in flue gas.
In this non-limiting embodiment, First Heat Exchanger 200 is configured to the first heat exchange coil be arranged in flue 150, the two ends of the first heat exchange coil form the first air scoop 201 and the second air scoop 202 respectively, on flow of flue gas direction in flue, the second air scoop 202 is positioned at the downstream of the first air scoop 201.
In this non-limiting embodiment, second heat exchanger 300 is configured to the second heat exchange coil be arranged in flue 150, the two ends of the second heat exchange coil form the 3rd air scoop 301 and the 4th air scoop 302 respectively, on flow of flue gas direction in flue, the 4th air scoop 302 is positioned at the downstream of the 3rd air scoop 301.
Further, in the below of the first heat exchange coil and the second heat exchange coil, ash collection slot 158,159 is set respectively for collecting the dust fallen in flue gas.
In this non-limiting embodiment, second air scoop 202 is directly connected by communicating pipe 203 with the 4th air scoop 302, first air scoop 201 is as cool air inlet, 3rd air scoop 301 is as hot air outlet, combustion air from 20 degrees centigrade of blower fan 700 is first entered in First Heat Exchanger (the first heat exchange coil) 200 from the first air scoop (cool air inlet) 201 and carries out following current heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out countercurrent heat exchange by entering communicating pipe 203 in second heat exchanger (the second heat exchange coil) 300 with flue gas.It is combustion-supporting that combustion air after preheating is delivered to nozzle 120 from the 3rd air scoop (hot air outlet) 301 via pipeline.
Blender 400 is arranged on the pipeline between the 3rd air scoop (hot air outlet) 301 and nozzle 120.Blender 400 is provided with heating gas entrance 401, warm-up combustion-supporting air entrance 402 and the first mixed gas outlet 403.Warm-up combustion-supporting air entrance 402 is communicated with the 3rd air scoop (hot air outlet) 301 by pipeline, and the first mixed gas outlet 403 is communicated with nozzle 120 by pipeline.
In this non-limiting embodiment, comprise injector 500 and air compressor 600 further.Injector 500 is arranged on the pipeline between the first mixed gas outlet 403 and nozzle 120.Injector 500 comprises compressed air inlet 501, first gaseous mixture entrance 502 and the second mixed gas outlet 503.First gaseous mixture entrance 502 is communicated with the first mixed gas outlet 403 by pipeline, and the second mixed gas outlet 503 is communicated with nozzle 120 by pipeline.Air compressor 600 to be communicated with compressed air inlet 501 by pipeline and to be used for a small amount of compressed air delivery in injector 500, make to form negative pressure in injector 500, thus the first gaseous mixture in blender 400 is sucked injector 500 by negative pressure, and then be delivered to nozzle 120.
As a kind of alternative embodiments, please refer to Fig. 2, other structure is same as shown in Figure 1, and difference is: First Heat Exchanger 200 and the second heat exchanger 300 be series in flue 150 relative to flue 150 independently device, and the connected mode of pipeline is also different.
In this alternative embodiments, first air scoop 201 is directly connected by communicating pipe 203 with the 4th air scoop 302, second air scoop 202 is as cool air inlet, 3rd air scoop 301 is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in First Heat Exchanger 200, carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas in the second heat exchanger 300.
In this alternative embodiments, heat-pipe heat exchanger selected by First Heat Exchanger 200 and the second heat exchanger 300.
Particularly, First Heat Exchanger 200 comprises shell, housing interior volume is divided into the median septum (not shown) of parallel flue gas flow path and air flow circuit, and the some heat pipes (not shown) be located in median septum, wherein, the evaporation ends of each heat pipe extends in flue gas flow path, the condensation end of each heat pipe extends in air flow circuit, flue gas flow path is series in flue, the two ends of air flow circuit form the first air scoop 201 and the second air scoop 202 respectively, on flow of flue gas direction in flue 150, second air scoop 202 is positioned at the downstream of the first air scoop 201.Equally, second heat exchanger 300 comprises shell, housing interior volume is divided into the median septum of parallel flue gas flow path and air flow circuit and is located in the some heat pipes in median septum, wherein, the evaporation ends of each heat pipe extends in flue gas flow path, the condensation end of each heat pipe extends in air flow circuit, flue gas flow path is series in flue, the two ends of air flow circuit form the 3rd air scoop 301 and the 4th air scoop 302 respectively, on flow of flue gas direction in flue, the 4th air scoop 302 is positioned at the downstream of the 3rd air scoop 301.Wherein, the working medium in the heat pipe of First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger elects Liquid Sodium as.
As another kind of alternative embodiments, according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, structural change is: the first air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 4th air scoop, 3rd air scoop is as cool air inlet, second air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in the second heat exchanger, carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas in First Heat Exchanger.
As another kind of alternative embodiments, according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, structural change is: the second air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 4th air scoop, 3rd air scoop is as cool air inlet, first air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in the second heat exchanger, carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas in First Heat Exchanger.
As another kind of alternative embodiments, according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, structural change is: the first air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 3rd air scoop, second air scoop is as cool air inlet, 4th air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in First Heat Exchanger, carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas in the second heat exchanger.
As another kind of alternative embodiments, according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, structural change is: the first air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with the 3rd air scoop, 4th air scoop is as cool air inlet, second air scoop is as hot air outlet, make combustion air first in the second heat exchanger, carry out countercurrent heat exchange with flue gas, then carry out following current heat exchange with flue gas in First Heat Exchanger.
Although described preferred embodiment of the present utility model in detail at this, but should be understood that the utility model is not limited to the concrete structure described in detail and illustrate here, other modification and variant can be realized when not departing from essence of the present utility model and scope by those skilled in the art.Such as, rotational flow fan can be provided with in blender to strengthen mixing of heating gas and combustion air, or this system can save some parts, such as injector, Ceramic Balls filter course, ash collection slot etc.In addition, the temperature of system or pressure and other parameters suitably can be chosen in scope disclosed in the utility model according to concrete application conditions.
Claims (10)
1. fire heating gas and melt an aluminium stove, comprising: the body of heater that inside is provided with burner hearth, be arranged on described body of heater side end wall on the nozzle that heating gas and combustion air is injected into the heat release of described burner hearth combustion and the opposite side end wall being connected to described body of heater the flue gas produced in described burner hearth to be expelled to the flue of chimney; It is characterized in that: described combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove and also comprises the First Heat Exchanger and the second heat exchanger that set gradually along the flow of flue gas direction in described flue; Described First Heat Exchanger is the first heat exchange coil be arranged in described flue, the two ends of described first heat exchange coil form the first air scoop and the second air scoop respectively, on flow of flue gas direction in described flue, described second air scoop is positioned at the downstream of described first air scoop; Described second heat exchanger is the second heat exchange coil be arranged in described flue, the two ends of described second heat exchange coil form the 3rd air scoop and the 4th air scoop respectively, on flow of flue gas direction in described flue, described 4th air scoop is positioned at the downstream of described 3rd air scoop; Wherein, described second air scoop is directly connected by communicating pipe with described 4th air scoop, and described first air scoop is communicated with blower fan by pipeline, and described 3rd air scoop is communicated with described nozzle by pipeline.
2. combustion heating gas as claimed in claim 1 melts aluminium stove, it is characterized in that, the pipeline further between described 3rd air scoop and described nozzle is provided with blender.
3. combustion heating gas as claimed in claim 2 melts aluminium stove, it is characterized in that, described blender is provided with heating gas entrance, warm-up combustion-supporting air entrance and the first mixed gas outlet, described warm-up combustion-supporting air entrance is communicated with described 3rd air scoop by pipeline, and described first mixed gas outlet is communicated with described nozzle by pipeline.
4. combustion heating gas as claimed in claim 3 melts aluminium stove, it is characterized in that, is provided with rotational flow fan in described blender.
5. combustion heating gas as claimed in claim 4 melts aluminium stove, it is characterized in that, the pipeline further between described first mixed gas outlet and described nozzle is provided with injector and air compressor.
6. combustion heating gas as claimed in claim 5 melts aluminium stove, it is characterized in that, described injector comprises the first gaseous mixture entrance, the second mixed gas outlet and compressed air inlet, described first gaseous mixture entrance is communicated with described first mixed gas outlet by pipeline, described second mixed gas outlet is communicated with described nozzle by pipeline, and described air compressor is communicated with described compressed air inlet by pipeline.
7. the combustion heating gas according to any one of claim 1 ~ 6 melts aluminium stove, it is characterized in that, described flue comprises at least one section of vertical duct between described body of heater and described First Heat Exchanger.
8. combustion heating gas as claimed in claim 7 melts aluminium stove, it is characterized in that, the sieve plate comprising the cross section setting being parallel to described at least one section of vertical duct further and the Ceramic Balls filter course be arranged in above described sieve plate.
9. combustion heating gas as claimed in claim 7 melts aluminium stove, and it is characterized in that, described flue is provided with the first ash collection slot in the below of described at least one section of vertical duct.
10. the combustion heating gas according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 melts aluminium stove, it is characterized in that, arranges the second ash collection slot and the 3rd ash collection slot respectively further in the below of described first heat exchange coil and described second heat exchange coil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520104674.6U CN204648985U (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2015-02-12 | Combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520104674.6U CN204648985U (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2015-02-12 | Combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204648985U true CN204648985U (en) | 2015-09-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520104674.6U Expired - Fee Related CN204648985U (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2015-02-12 | Combustion heating gas melts aluminium stove |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204648985U (en) |
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2015
- 2015-02-12 CN CN201520104674.6U patent/CN204648985U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150916 Termination date: 20210212 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |