CN204633530U - A kind of hoisting machinery speed ratio transmission device - Google Patents
A kind of hoisting machinery speed ratio transmission device Download PDFInfo
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- CN204633530U CN204633530U CN201520332863.9U CN201520332863U CN204633530U CN 204633530 U CN204633530 U CN 204633530U CN 201520332863 U CN201520332863 U CN 201520332863U CN 204633530 U CN204633530 U CN 204633530U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of hoisting machinery speed ratio transmission device, comprise combined operation platform (1), PLC (2), frequency converter (3), variable-frequency motor (4), combined operation platform (1) controls frequency converter (3) by PCL (2), frequency converter (3) drives variable-frequency motor (4) running, variable-frequency motor (4) connection reducer (8), service brake (7) driving shaft of decelerator (8) is equipped with, decelerator (8) connects hoisting drum (9), and hoisting drum end is equipped with deadman's brake (10); Encoder (6) and overspeed switch (5) axle of variable-frequency motor (4) be equipped with.The utility model hoisting machinery speed-ratio drive system has that structure is simple, reliability is high, stable, safety, can realize the advantages such as 1:35 speed-ratio again.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to hoisting machinery drive technology field, relate to the drive system of a kind of hoisting machinery speed-ratio (speed adjustable range >1:20), particularly a kind of drive system that can realize crane hoisting underloading high speed, heavy-duty low-speed function.
Background technology
Along with the development of the computer technology of advanced person, microelectric technique, power electronic technology, fuzzy control technology and theory, external crane transmission system experienced by a dramatic change, impels the technical performance of hoisting machinery to enter brand-new developing stage.Hoisting machinery to maximization, high speed and customizations future development, and at present conventional hoisting machinery drive system mechanical property is soft, speed adjustable range is narrow, and stability and the adjusting speed accuracy of whole system speed are poor; Play braking not steady, impact very large to complete machine steel construction; Especially the easy hook phenomenon of slipping of aerial lifting, has had a strong impact on the safe operation of hoisting machinery.
For current Variable Frequency Drives, owing to being subject to the restriction of domestic variable-frequency motor and converter technique, its drive speed-adjusting scope that hoists can only within 1:20, i.e. 5 ~ 100Hz.Thus be difficult to smooth starting can not slip hook, accurate contraposition when realizing requiring hoisting machinery heavy duty simultaneously, and (speed reaches 0.1m/min) can be run by long low; During underloading, energy high-speed cruising, improves work efficiency.
Utility model content
For realizing crane hoisting underloading high-speed overload speed functions, the utility model provides that a kind of structure is simple, reliability is high, stable, safety, can realize again the transmission device for hoisting machinery lifting mechanism of 1:35 speed-ratio.
The utility model takes following technical scheme: a kind of hoisting machinery speed ratio transmission device, comprise combined operation platform (1), PLC (2), frequency converter (3), variable-frequency motor (4), combined operation platform (1) controls frequency converter (3) by PLC (2), frequency converter (3) drives variable-frequency motor (4) running, variable-frequency motor (4) connection reducer (8), service brake (7) driving shaft of decelerator (8) is equipped with, decelerator (8) connects hoisting drum (9), hoisting drum end is equipped with deadman's brake (10), encoder (6) and overspeed switch (5) axle of variable-frequency motor (4) be equipped with.
Preferably, variable-frequency electric function exports permanent torque 1479N.m in 2.5 ~ 25Hz period, and variable-frequency motor is output constant power after 25Hz.
Preferably, non-directional cold-rolling silicon steel disc 50WW470 selected by the silicon steel sheet of the iron core of variable-frequency motor, and thickness is 0.5mm.
Preferably, the diameter of hoisting drum is 1150mm.
Preferably, three-phase alternating current 380V 50Hz power supply is connected with reactor L201 by circuit breaker Q F201, and reactor L201 exports A.C. contactor KM201 to, then exports the input of frequency converter to by contactor KM201, and frequency converter exports variable-frequency motor to.
Three-phase alternating current 380V 50Hz power supply is also connected by circuit breaker Q F202, A.C. contactor KM202 and service brake-Y201 ~ 202, be connected by circuit breaker Q F203, A.C. contactor KM203 and cabinet top fan M201, be connected by circuit breaker Q F204, A.C. contactor KM204 and motor fan-M202, be connected by circuit breaker Q F205 and deadman's brake-Y203.
Preferably, the output point P203 of PLC is directly connected with the coil of main contactor KM201, PLC output point P204 connects with frequency converter output relay K23 simultaneously, be connected with the coil of service brake KM202, PLC output point P206 with P207 is connected with contactor coil KM203 and KM204 of cabinet top fan and motor fan contactor respectively again.
PLC output point P601 is connected with frequency converter run indicator HL201, and PLC output point P602 with P603 parallel connection is connected with malfunction indicator lamp HL202, and PLC output point P604 with P605 is connected with upper and lower spacing indicator light HL203 and HL204 respectively.
The utility model hoisting machinery speed-ratio drive system has that structure is simple, reliability is high, stable, safety, can realize the advantages such as 1:35 speed-ratio again.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that lifting mechanism is at a high speed than the mechanical assembly structure figure of drive system.
Fig. 2 is that lifting mechanism is at a high speed than the functional schematic block diagram of drive system.
Fig. 3 is variable-frequency motor performance plot.
Fig. 4 is band-type brake Control timing sequence figure.
Fig. 5 is variable-frequency motor dynamic characteristic figure.
Fig. 6 is rotor flute profile design drawing.
Fig. 7 is system communication functional schematic block diagram.
Fig. 8 is the electric drive figure that hoists.
Fig. 9 a, 9b are lift control schematic diagrams.
Figure 10 is PLC schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model preferred embodiment is elaborated.
See Fig. 1,2, the present embodiment drive system comprises: in drivers' cab, in interlock operating desk 1, electrical house, model is Siemens S7-3152DP PLC2, frequency converter 3, Novel variable-frequency motor 4, overspeed switch 5, encoder 6, service brake 7, decelerator 8, reel 9, deadman's brake 10, forms complete speed-ratio drive system.In drivers' cab, interlock operating desk 1 controls frequency converter 3 by PLC2, the peace river frequency converter 3 (CIMR-HB4A0260) with vector control function drives Novel variable-frequency motor 4 (YZPFM315M2-6C-TH, 55kW), motor adopts gear coupling (WGP6) to connect (D4PSF100N-315) decelerator 8, the driving shaft of decelerator is equipped with two (USB3-I-EB300/50-630X30) type disk brakes 7, and adopt gear coupling (DC07A) connection diameter to be the hoisting drum device 9 of φ 1150mm, reel end is equiped with (SHI252) type hydraulic brake 10.The high speed shaft of Novel variable-frequency motor 4 is equipped with encoder 6 (HLE45-2048D-6LY), blocks with frequency converter 3 (PG-X3) and connect and compose closed-loop control system, two sections of fast overspeed switch 5 (LY1-1/750D) are housed simultaneously.
Speed index:
80t＜Q≤250t 0.1～1.0m/min
Q≤80t 0.1～3.5m/min
Hoist and all adopt master controller to control, have gear stepless speed regulation mode, often kind of operating mode each five gears up and down, the speed that each gear is corresponding all can set arbitrarily, to meet user's instructions for use in PLC.Start, stop and each gear speed transition steadily nothing impact.
There is the peace river frequency converter CIMR-HB4A0260 internal configurations encoder interfaces plate PG-X3 of vector control technology, and by arranging high-resolution encoder HLE45-2048D-6LY on variable-frequency motor high speed shaft, form a closed-loop control system, to solve at a high speed than the pulsation problem of low speed.Meanwhile, in order to meet the speed ratio of motor 1:35, fundamental frequency exports as 25Hz by frequency converter, and like this, meeting drive system is operated in 2.5 ~ 25Hz when heavy duty, is operated in 2.5 ~ 87.5Hz during underloading, specifically as shown in Figure 3.
Variable-frequency electric function meets the requirement of high speed ratio, and as shown in Figure 3, it can at the reliable permanent torque 1479N.m of 2.5 ~ 25Hz period stable output, and motor is output constant power after 25Hz, to realize the high speed ratio of 1:35.
Motor adopts closed-type cylindrical gearing mode, is directly connected with reducer with hardened tooth surface D4PSF100N-315, reducer with hardened tooth surface speed ratio is large, volume is little, bearing capacity is high, noise is little, can meet the requirement of low-speed heave-load and high speed preferably.
Reducer with hardened tooth surface D4PSF100N-315 is directly connected with reel, according to lift 28m and total reduction when wirerope diameter 36mm, as calculated: drum diameter is 1150mm.
For ensureing the safety of 87.5HZ high-speed cruising; drive system is provided with service brake and deadman's brake duplicate protection system; the driving shaft of decelerator is equipped with two USB3-I-EB300/50-630X30 type disk brakes as service brake, reel end is equiped with SHI252 type hydraulic brake as deadman's brake.
For ensureing the safety of high low cruise, motor high speed shaft configures two sections of centrifugal overspeed switch LY1-1/750D of speed, when 2.5 ~ 25Hz section low cruise, motor slip hook hypervelocity to 1.15X25=28.75Hz time, service brake and deadman's brake action, when 2.5 ~ 87.5Hz section high-speed cruising, motor slip hook hypervelocity to 1.15X87.5=100.62Hz time, service brake and deadman's brake action.
See Fig. 8, this figure is the electric drive figure that hoists.In figure, three-phase alternating current 380V 50Hz power supply is by circuit breaker Q F201, be connected with reactor L201, reactor L201 exports A.C. contactor KM201 to, export frequency converter U21 (frequency converter 3 namely in Fig. 2) input to by contactor again, U21 exports main lifting motor-M201 (variable-frequency motor 4 namely in Fig. 2) to.Three-phase alternating current 380V 50Hz power supply is also connected with service brake-Y201 ~ 202 (service brake 7 namely in Fig. 2), cabinet top fan M201, motor fan-M202, deadman's brake-Y203 (deadman's brake 10 namely in Fig. 2) by circuit breaker Q F202 and A.C. contactor KM202, circuit breaker Q F203 and A.C. contactor KM203, circuit breaker Q F204 and A.C. contactor KM204, circuit breaker Q F205 respectively successively respectively.
As shown in Figure 8, a peace river frequency converter CIMR-HB4A0260 with vector control technology drives Novel variable-frequency motor YZPFM315M2-8C-TH, 55kW, it is by internal configurations encoder interfaces plate PG-X3, and with variable-frequency motor high speed shaft on high-resolution encoder HLE-2048L-6LYAC is set, constitute a closed-loop control system, the voltage signal exporting to motor due to frequency converter is pulsation square wave, when running on below 5Hz, pulsation square wave is rare, easily cause loss, thus cause motor to shake, for this reason, 2048 high-resolution encoders need be arranged detect, and feed back to frequency converter.Simultaneously, for preventing from slipping the appearance of hook phenomenon, need overlap frequency converter build-in function block, mechanical brake moment is opened to ensure that weight lifts by crane aloft, motor can export enough large detent torque, to ensure that weight does not down slip, as shown in Figure 8, contact M1-M2 controls mechanical hatching gate, specific as follows:
As shown in Figure 4:
1) H2-01 is set to 37, what namely M1-M2 exported is 2 signals in running, with this signal controlling lifting mechanism band-type brake.
2) band-type brake is opened: parameter b2-01 is set as 0.1 ~ 0.5Hz usually, after the input of UP Setting signal, when frequency converter output frequency is raised to b2-01 value, now frequency converter has exported enough large electric current, motor is made to produce enough Driving Torque (>=nominal torque), now M1-M2 closes, and brake is opened, and can not produce and slip hook phenomenon.
3) band-type brake is closed: during UP Setting signal back to zero, when frequency converter output frequency is down to b2-01 value, now frequency converter Driving Torque also exists, and near below the 0.5Hz of speed, now M1-M2 2 to open in running, brake, and the existence of moment prevents from slipping the appearance of hook phenomenon, low speed band-type brake reduces the impact of mechanism simultaneously, reduces the wearing and tearing of brake.
Novel variable-frequency motor meets at a high speed than requiring:
As shown in Figure 5 a, its fundamental frequency is 50Hz, 5 ~ 50Hz is speed regulation by constant torque to current common variable-frequency motor load characteristic, and motor exports nominal torque, and 50 ~ 100Hz is constant-power speed regulation.At below 5Hz, motor output torque is significantly less than nominal torque, and thus motor is difficult to realize heavy load starting, and easy hook phenomenon of slipping, can not low frequency stable operation for a long time.In 50 ~ 100Hz invariable power section, allow the property decline of load torque inverse time, often occur the phenomenon that aerial lifting moment of accelerating is inadequate.For this reason, the Novel variable-frequency motor designed by the utility model, it can reach load characteristic as shown in Figure 5 b.Its concrete measure is as follows:
(1) during motor Winding Design, for eliminating 5 times, the impact of 7 subharmonic.Design of electrical motor is adopted multiple-grooved and short distance winding, the rotor slot fit of this motor is chosen for Q1/Q2=72/58, stator winding pitch y=8 (whole distance is 9, gets the rounding value of 5/6 times of whole distance), motor stator winding MgO-ZrO_2 brick q is drawn by formula below:
q＝Q1/2pm＝72/(6*3)＝4
Wherein, 2p is the number of poles of motor, and this motor is 6 poles, so 2p=6; M is the number of phases of motor, and motor is threephase asynchronous, so m=3.
General q value is larger, 5 times, 7 subharmonic weaken effects better, according to the structure of this motor, get q=4.As calculated, the breadth coefficient of major harmonic, chording factor, winding coefficient see the following form:
From table, 5 times, the winding coefficient of 7 subharmonic and harmonic magnetic potential content all very low.
(2), in order to reduce low-frequency operation torque pulsation amplitude, suitably increasing inductor rotor L2 during design rotor windings, reducing rotor resistance R2, to increase the time constant of rotor windings.Variable-frequency motor, by selecting supply voltage and frequency curve adjustment air gap flux density B δ, is selected special slot shape of rotor and size, is controlled rotor inductance L 2 and rotor resistance R2.This rotor inductance L 2=X2/ (2 π f)=0.000446 is prosperous, rotor resistance R2=0.123 Europe, then timeconstantτ=L2/R2=0.000446/0.123=0.0036.
(3) slot shape of rotor is designed to wide and shallow slot shape of rotor, can reduce rotor leakage reactance, for improving the breakdown torque of motor and reducing the wastage favourable.But concerning the motor that voltage source inverter is powered, reduce rotor leakage reactance to restriction higher harmonic current unfavorable (I υ=U1/ υ 2 (x1+x2)).During design slot shape of rotor, when rotor tooth magnetic flux density allows, as far as possible rotor design is obtained wide and shallow, and suitably increase depth of rebate size hr0, reduce width of rebate size b02, make, while reduction rotor fundamental reactance, suitably to increase harmonic leakage reactance again.Rotor leakage reactance need be decreased to how many, is be target with the breakdown torque Tmax of motor.This motor Tmax=3.1 doubly.See Fig. 6.
(4) motor adopts the control mode of frequency modulation and voltage modulation in invariable power interval, by rational setting value, effectively can weaken the weak magnetic phenomenon of high band, improve the overload capacity of motor, ensures that system run all right is reliable.
(5) silicon steel sheet of the iron core of one of motor critical component is non-directional cold-rolling silicon steel disc 50WW470, and its single-sheet thickness is 0.5mm.Its combination property such as magnetization curve, damage curve is good.High magnetic conduction, low-loss characteristic while bringing better performance to motor, can keep a rational loss level, thus motor performance is stablized, reliable.
(6) be permanent torque operating characteristic when considering motor low-frequency operation, but now motor speed can than being in a very slow speed, if motor is by fan cooled, does not reach good radiating effect and electric machine temperature rise can be caused too high, useful life reduces, so motor adopts independent axes flow fan forcing functions.Independent axes flow fan is S1 continuous duty, fan delivery 5100m
3/ h, blast 150MPa.
Lift control schematic diagram see Fig. 9 a, 9b.In Fig. 9 a, PLC output point P203 is directly connected with the coil of main contactor KM201; frequency converter output relay K23 simultaneously in PLC output point P204 and Fig. 8 connects; be connected with the coil of the control contactor KM202 of service brake-Y201 ~ 202 again; PLC output point P206 with P207 is connected with contactor coil KM203 and KM204 of cabinet top fan and motor fan contactor respectively, and other are protection contact and carry out signal conversion through auxiliary relay.Fig. 9 b is mainly the joint action table display of guard signal; PLC output point P601 is connected with frequency converter run indicator HL201; PLC output point P602 with P603 parallel connection is connected with malfunction indicator lamp HL202, and PLC output point P604 with P605 is connected with upper and lower spacing indicator light HL203 and HL204 respectively.
Load weight is measured according to loading instrument, when load is greater than 80t, its signal passes through auxiliary relay, input signal is to PLC, Setting signal is exported to frequency converter DP interface module SI-P3 again by PLC program, frequency converter thus export 2.5 ~ 25Hz voltage to motor, drive motors runs on permanent torque state.Equally, when load is not more than 80t, loading instrument is measured signal and is inputed to PLC through auxiliary relay, allow frequency converter export 2.5 ~ 87.5Hz voltage to motor, thus drive motors runs.
Figure 10 is PLC schematic diagram.Wherein, machine room PLC adopts S7-300, and it comprises power module, CPU module, I/O digital module, and CPU adopts the 315-2DP module of band DP function.Drivers' cab adopts the DP module ET200M of S7-300, it connects I/O digital module, machine room and all signal transmission of drivers' cab and receiving all is realized by DP bus, simultaneously, lifting altitude encoder is adopted the encoder PVM58 of band DP function, its signal passes to PLC by DP bus, specifically as shown in Figure 7.
This specification embodiment is only enumerating utility model design realization; protection range of the present utility model should not be regarded as being only limitted to the concrete form that embodiment is stated, protection range of the present utility model is also involved in those skilled in the art and conceives the equivalent technologies means that can expect according to the utility model.
Claims (4)
1. a hoisting machinery speed ratio transmission device, comprise combined operation platform (1), PLC (2), frequency converter (3), variable-frequency motor (4), combined operation platform (1) controls frequency converter (3) by PCL (2), frequency converter (3) drives variable-frequency motor (4) running, it is characterized in that: described variable-frequency motor (4) connection reducer (8), service brake (7) driving shaft of decelerator (8) is equipped with, decelerator (8) connects hoisting drum (9), hoisting drum end is equipped with deadman's brake (10), encoder (6) and overspeed switch (5) axle of variable-frequency motor (4) be equipped with.
2. a kind of hoisting machinery speed ratio transmission device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: variable-frequency electric function exports permanent torque 1479N.m in 2.5 ~ 25Hz period, and variable-frequency motor is output constant power after 25Hz.
3. a kind of hoisting machinery speed ratio transmission device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: non-directional cold-rolling silicon steel disc 50WW470 selected by the silicon steel sheet of the iron core of variable-frequency motor, thickness is 0.5mm.
4. a kind of hoisting machinery speed ratio transmission device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter of hoisting drum is 1150mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107707104A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-16 | 南京优科思软件有限公司 | Three phase converter and its control method without filter capacitor |
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2015
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107707104A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-16 | 南京优科思软件有限公司 | Three phase converter and its control method without filter capacitor |
| CN107707104B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-11-06 | 南京优科思软件有限公司 | Three-phase frequency converter without filter capacitor and control method thereof |
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