CN204562076U - Nasopharyngeal endoscope - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a nasopharyngoscope, which comprises an insertion tube, a camera, a light source, a handle and a display part. The camera and the light source are arranged at the front end of the insertion tube, the rear end of the insertion tube is connected to the handle, and the rear end of the handle is connected to the display part. , the display part is connected to the camera and the light source through the internal line of the insertion tube; an inner tube is also provided in the insertion tube, which is used as a suction channel or an in-and-out channel for elongated instruments; the inner tube outlet of the inner tube is located at the front end of the insertion tube On the surface, the inner tube inlet of the inner tube is arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the handle or the insertion tube. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use, and can treat the found lesion while inspecting the nasopharynx of the patient, thereby reducing the harm to the patient.

Description

nasopharyngoscopy

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a nasopharyngoscope which can treat the found lesions while inspecting the nasopharynx of a patient.

Background technique

Nasopharyngoscope is a medical device widely used in the inspection of nasopharynx. It is a kind of endoscope. It is safe and easy to operate and can be performed in outpatient clinics without hospitalization.

Commonly used nasopharyngoscopes include fiber optic nasopharyngoscopes and electronic nasopharyngoscopes. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN103156570 discloses a fiber optic otolaryngoscope, which uses fiber optic filaments as an image transmission medium to observe patients visually. The mirror includes a protective tube with a photometric hole, an image-transmitting optical fiber for image transmission, and a light-transmitting optical fiber for receiving peripheral light sources.

The main structure of the electronic nasopharyngoscope includes an insertion tube, a camera, a light source, a handle and a control display module. The front end of the insertion tube is provided with a camera and light source, the rear end of the insertion tube is connected to the handle, and the rear end of the handle is connected to the control display module, camera and light source. It is connected with the control display module through the wire inserted into the tube. When in use, the images captured by the camera can be displayed on the display screen of the control display module.

The above-mentioned nasopharyngoscope, whether it is an optical fiber nasopharyngoscope or an electronic nasopharyngoscope, only plays an observation role in use, and cannot apply treatment means while observing.

Specifically, the examination of nasopharyngoscopy usually needs to go through two steps. First of all, after the patient has undergone topical nasopharyngeal anesthesia, the nasopharyngoscope is sent into the bottom of the nasal cavity through the anterior nostril, and then slowly enters the nasopharynx to observe the condition of the nasopharynx in detail; when a lesion is found, the nasopharyngoscope is taken out and the The medical equipment used to remove the lesion is sent to the bottom of the nasal cavity through the patient's anterior nostril again, and then slowly enters the nasopharynx to remove the lesion and complete the treatment.

In the existing nasopharyngoscope diagnosis and treatment process, the structure of the traditional nasopharyngoscope has the following defects: 1) due to the need to insert medical instruments from the patient's nasal cavity, the foreign body sensation is relatively strong, which will cause certain injuries to the patient; 2) Since the diagnosis and treatment need to be carried out separately, each diagnosis and treatment needs to send the medical device from the patient's nasal cavity at least twice, causing greater harm to the patient; 3) When the diagnosis is completed and the treatment is performed, it is often impossible to clearly Observing the situation of the patient's nasopharynx has a certain impact on the effect of treatment; 4) during the diagnosis and observation process, dirt such as blood in the nose often blocks the camera, which is not conducive to further observation by medical staff and affects the diagnosis result.

Chinese invention patent application CN103948430 discloses a rhinoscope for transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors. This patent application uses suction holes to remove obstacles. The main structure is: a mirror body and an eyepiece, wherein the mirror body includes a protective tube, Image transmission system and image adjustment knob, the image transmission system is set in the protective tube, the eyepiece is set at the front end of the protective tube to connect with the image transmission system, the image adjustment knob is set at the rear of the mirror body, and the protective tube is provided with suction holes and connection ports , the suction hole is located above the eyepiece, the connection port is located near the image adjustment knob, and there is a thin tube in the protective tube near the tube wall. The thin tube communicates with the suction hole and the connection port. , There is also a suction control button at the connection port.

Although the suction hole of this patent application can remove some liquids that block the lens (eyepiece), because the suction hole is arranged on the peripheral wall of the protective tube behind the lens, the suction hole cannot directly absorb the liquid that blocks the lens; and The location of the suction hole is directly close to or close to the nasal cavity wall. There are a large number of capillaries distributed on the nasal cavity wall. The suction generated by the suction hole will not only cause great discomfort to the patient, but also damage the nasal cavity wall or cause capillary rupture, which will aggravate the illness.

To sum up, the nasopharyngoscope in the prior art cannot treat the affected part at the same time during the observation process, nor can it effectively remove obstacles blocking the line of sight during the observation.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a nasopharyngoscope, including an insertion tube, a camera, a light source, a handle and a display unit, the camera and the light source are arranged at the front end of the insertion tube, the rear end of the insertion tube is connected to the handle, and Connected to the display part, the display part is connected to the camera through the line inside the insertion tube, and an inner tube is also provided in the insertion tube, which is used as a suction channel or an entry and exit channel for a slender instrument, and the inner tube outlet of the inner tube is located at the On the front end face, the inner tube inlet of the inner tube is arranged on the handle or the outer peripheral wall of the insertion tube.

Furthermore, the inlet of the inner tube is provided with a suction device for sucking the obstruction in the nasal cavity from the outlet of the inner tube and sucking it out from the inlet of the inner tube.

Preferably, the inner tube is provided with a controllable bending portion connected to a control rocker on the handle for controlling or changing the bending radius of the front end of the insertion tube so that the front end of the insertion tube can be inserted into different in the nasal cavity.

The utility model also provides a nasopharyngoscope, comprising an insertion tube, a camera, a light source, a handle and a display part, the rear end of the insertion tube is connected to the handle, the rear end of the handle is connected to the display part, and the display part passes through the inner part of the insertion tube. The line is connected with the camera, and the front end of the insertion tube is also equipped with a detachable insertion head, and the camera and light source are arranged at the front end of the insertion head; the insertion tube is also provided with an inner tube, which is used as a suction channel or an instrument channel; The inner tube outlet is arranged on the front end surface of the insertion tube, and the inner tube inlet of the inner tube is arranged on the handle or the outer peripheral wall of the insertion tube.

Preferably, the detachable connection between the insertion head and the insertion tube includes threaded connection, or fixed pin connection, or bolt connection, or elastic snap connection, or interference fit connection.

Furthermore, the inlet of the inner tube is provided with a suction device for sucking the obstruction in the nasal cavity from the outlet of the inner tube and sucking it out from the inlet of the inner tube.

Preferably, the inner tube is provided with a controllable bending portion connected to a control rocker on the handle for controlling or changing the bending radius of the front end of the insertion tube so that the front end of the insertion tube can be inserted into different in the nasal cavity.

Further, a sampling device or a cutting device is provided in the inner tube for clamping a patient sample or cutting a diseased cyst; after the sampling device or cutting device obtains a sample from the outlet of the inner tube and cuts the diseased tissue, it passes through the inner tube from the inner tube entrance take out.

Preferably, at least one suction tube is also provided in the insertion tube. The position of the insertion end of the suction tube close to the insertion tube is a liquid suction port, and the other end of the suction tube is a liquid discharge port. After the liquid is absorbed by the suction port, it passes through the suction port. The liquid tube is discharged from the liquid discharge port.

Preferably, the inner tube has a diameter of 0.5-5 mm.

As above, the nasopharyngoscope involved in the utility model integrates functions such as camera and instrument operation, simplifies the operation process, and relieves the pain of the patient.

In order to make the above content of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the preferred embodiments will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

Below will introduce the utility model in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of a kind of nasopharyngoscope of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the insertion end of the insertion tube 2;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the insertion tube 2;

Fig. 4 is the overall structure schematic diagram of another kind of nasopharyngoscope of the present utility model;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the insertion head 1 in FIG. 4 .

Component designation description

1 insert head

11 cameras

12 light sources

13 The first suction port

14 Second suction port

2 insertion tube

21 bending part

22 lines

3 handles

31 drain port

32 control joystick

4 inner tube

41 Inner tube inlet

42 Inner pipe outlet

5 monitors

6 external monitor

Detailed ways

The implementation of the present utility model will be illustrated by specific specific examples below, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present utility model from the content disclosed in this specification.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the utility model provides a kind of nasopharyngoscope, comprises insertion tube 2, camera 11, light source 12, handle 3 and display part, camera 11 and light source 12 are located at the front end of insertion tube 2, camera 11 and light source 12 may preferably share the same power supply. In the present utility model, the insertion end of the insertion tube 2 used to insert the patient's nasal cavity is regarded as the front end. When the insertion tube 2 stretches into the patient's nasal cavity, the camera 11 can take pictures of the patient's nasal cavity environment, and the light source 12 can be The camera 11 provides a bright shooting environment; further, in the present utility model, the non-insertion end of the insertion tube 2 is regarded as the rear end, the rear end of the insertion tube 2 is connected to the handle 3, and the rear end of the handle 3 is connected for display The display part of the image captured by the camera 11 is connected to the camera 11 through the circuit 22 arranged inside the insertion tube 2, and the data captured by the camera 11 is transmitted to the display part through the circuit 22 for display.

As shown in Figure 3, in the utility model, an inner tube 4 is also fixedly arranged in the insertion tube 2, and the inner tube 4 can be used as a suction channel or an in-and-out channel of a slender instrument, that is, the inner tube 4 can be used as a suction channel for patients. The passage of fluid inside the sinuses can also be used as a passage for instruments used in the treatment of patients. The inner tube outlet 42 of the inner tube 4 is located on the front end face of the insertion tube 2 , that is, the insertion end face of the insertion tube 2 , and the inner tube inlet 41 of the inner tube 4 is located on the handle 3 or the outer peripheral wall of the insertion tube 2 . When the inner tube 4 is used as an instrument channel, after the instrument enters the inner tube 4 from the inner tube inlet 41, the inner tube 4 is stretched out from the inner tube outlet 42 to treat the patient; when the inner tube 4 is used to absorb liquid, Liquid enters the inner tube 4 through the inner tube outlet 42 and exits through the inner tube inlet 41 .

Further, when the inner tube 4 is used for liquid suction, a liquid suction device can be arranged outside the inner tube inlet 41 for liquid discharge, and the liquid suction device is used to remove the obstruction in the nasal cavity or the liquid in the sinuses from the inner tube outlet. 42 suction and discharge from the inner tube inlet 41.

Furthermore, in the present utility model, the material of the inner tube 4 is preferably a polyurethane tube (hereinafter referred to as the PU tube) or a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber tube (hereinafter referred to as the TPU tube), and the diameter of the inner tube 4 is preferably 0.5 to 5 mm. , to ensure that the medical device can flexibly move in the inner tube 4 without increasing the diameter of the insertion tube 2 and avoiding damage to the patient.

As shown in Figure 4, the utility model also provides a kind of nasopharyngoscope, comprises insertion tube 2, camera 11, light source 12, handle 3 and display part, camera 11 and light source 12 are located at the front end of insertion tube 2, camera 11 and The light sources 12 may preferably share the same power source. In the present utility model, the insertion end of the insertion tube 2 used to insert the patient's nasal cavity is regarded as the front end. When the insertion tube 2 stretches into the patient's nasal cavity, the camera 11 can take pictures of the patient's nasal cavity environment, and the light source 12 can be The camera 11 provides a bright shooting environment; further, in the present utility model, the non-insertion end of the insertion tube 2 is regarded as the rear end, the rear end of the insertion tube 2 is connected to the handle 3, and the rear end of the handle 3 is connected for display The display part of the image captured by the camera 11 is connected to the camera 11 through the circuit 22 arranged inside the insertion tube 2, and the data captured by the camera 11 is transmitted to the display part through the circuit 22 for display.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the light source 12 is preferably an LED light source 12 or an optical fiber, so that the shooting environment of the camera 11 is bright and clear.

Furthermore, the front end of the insertion tube 2 is also provided with an insertion head 1 detachably connected to the insertion tube 2 , and a camera 11 and a light source 12 are arranged at the front end of the insertion head 1 . After the insertion head 1 is detachably connected to the insertion tube 2, multiple functional modules can be integrated on the insertion head 1, so that the insertion head 1 can be reused. Since the insertion tube 2 wears a lot during use, it needs to be replaced frequently, so the service life of the insertion head 1 can be improved and the cost can be reduced. During specific implementation, since the multiple pipelines provided inside the insertion tube 2 are fixed in the insertion tube 2, it is only necessary to align each pipeline with each functional module provided on the insertion head 1, and then fix the insertion head 1 The insertion end of the insertion tube 2 gets final product.

Furthermore, the insertion tube 2 is preferably a flexible hose, furthermore, the insertion tube 2 is preferably a PU tube, and Teflon or TPU tubes can also be selected according to the needs of use.

Furthermore, in the present utility model, an inner tube 4 is also fixedly arranged in the insertion tube 2, and the inner tube 4 can be used as a liquid suction channel or an inlet and outlet channel for elongated instruments. The inner tube outlet 42 of the inner tube 4 is located on the front end face of the insertion tube 2 , that is, the insertion end face of the insertion tube 2 , and the inner tube inlet 41 of the inner tube 4 is located on the handle 3 or the outer peripheral wall of the insertion tube 2 . When the patient's nasopharynx is examined and a problem is found to be treated, the inner tube 4 is used as an instrument passage, and the required instruments can be inserted into the patient's nasopharynx from the inner tube inlet 41 through the insertion tube 2, and can be Real-time observation of the treatment situation through the camera 11 and the display 5, to treat patients more quickly and effectively; when used as a suction liquid, the liquid enters the inner tube 4 through the inner tube outlet 42 and is discharged from the inner tube inlet 41 .

Furthermore, in the present utility model, the material of the inner tube 4 is preferably PU tube or TPU tube, and the diameter of the inner tube 4 is preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, so as to ensure that the medical device can flexibly move inside the inner tube 4 without The diameter of the insertion tube 2 can be increased to avoid damage to the patient.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of the insertion head 1 . As shown in FIG. 4 , a camera 11 and at least one light source 12 are arranged on the end face of the insertion head 1 . In the present invention, two symmetrically arranged light sources 12 are preferably used to provide a brighter photographic environment for the camera 11 . A display unit for displaying images captured by the camera 11 is also provided on the nasopharyngoscope. The camera 11 is arranged on the end surface of the insertion head 1, and can photograph the process of the nasopharyngoscope entering the nasal cavity, and observe the patient in real time. The display part is connected with the camera 11 through the line 22 fixedly arranged inside the insertion tube 2 . In the present utility model, the display part is preferably a display 5, and further, the display part can be a small display 5 detachably arranged on the handle 3, or an external display 6 electrically connected to the camera 11. The external monitor 6 can select a monitor 5 with a larger screen, so that the patient's nasopharynx can be observed more carefully.

Further, in order to make the connection between the insertion head 1 and the insertion tube 2 more reliable, the detachable connection between the insertion head 1 and the insertion tube 2 can be set as a threaded connection, or a fixed pin connection, or a bolt connection, or an elastic clip connection, or interference fit connection. But the utility model is not limited thereto, and various arrangement modes are all within the protection scope of the utility model.

Furthermore, in order to make the connection between the insertion head 1 and the insertion tube 2 more reliable, the part connected to the insertion head 1 and the insertion tube 2 can be inserted into the inside of the insertion tube 2. In the present utility model, it is preferable to insert the insertion head 1 into the The 2-5 mm inside the tube 2 can also be fixedly connected by means of fixing pins to enhance the reliability of the connection. At the same time, the insertion head 1 and the insertion tube 2 are closely matched to prevent water from entering the inside of the insertion tube 2.

Since the nasal cavity structure of each patient is different, it is preferable to set a curved part 21 on the insertion tube 2, and the bending radius of the insertion tube can be appropriately changed according to the configuration of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx of different patients through the curved part 21. , to reduce the suffering of patients during treatment. In the present utility model, the bending portion 21 is arranged on the insertion tube 2 near the insertion head 1, and in order to control the bending radius of the bending portion 21 more precisely, it is preferable to set the bending portion 21 on the handle 3 for controlling the change. The control rocker 32 of the bending radius, and the control rocker 32 is connected with the bending part 21.

In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the control rocker 32 is a rotating part that can rotate around a fixed point, and the bending part 21 is a movable joint that can be bent. The control rocker 32 and the bending part 21 are preferably passed through at least two Steel wires can also be connected by iron wires or other thin wire structures. When the control rocker 32 rotates around the fixed point, the control rocker 32 drives the steel wire to perform a push-pull movement, so that the movable joints in the bending part 21 move to realize bending changes. Furthermore, preferably, the range of the bending radius of the bending portion 21 is 2 mm to 20 mm.

Furthermore, when the bending radius of the bending part 21 changes, the inner tube 4 will also bend along with the bending part 21. Since the inner tube 4 is mostly made of PU tube or TPU tube, etc., during the bending process Creases are prone to occur in the inner tube and the inner diameter of the inner tube 4 becomes smaller, resulting in the inability of the device to enter the patient's body smoothly. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of the above situation, it is preferable to cover the inner tube 4 with a spring tube to protect the inner tube 4 at the part where the inner tube 4 will be bent and deformed.

In the present utility model, since the insertion tube 2 is relatively soft and the handle 3 is relatively hard, a hard connection can be further provided between the insertion tube 2 and the handle 3 to better control the insertion tube 2. The individual pipelines inserted into the tube 2 can also be protected.

Because the patient's nasal cavity and nasopharynx are not a dry and clean environment, there are often various body fluids. When the insertion tube 2 enters the patient's body, it is easy for the camera 11 to be blocked by a barrier. In the present invention, except that the inner tube 4 can be used as a channel for absorbing liquid, a suction pipe specially used for absorbing liquid can be further arranged in the insertion tube 2 . The pipette can make the photographing effect of the camera 11 clearer. In the present utility model, preferably at least one suction pipe is provided in the insertion tube 2, the end face of the insertion head 1 is provided with a suction port connected with the pipette, and the other end of the pipette is arranged on the handle. 3 or the outlet 31 provided on the peripheral wall of the insertion tube 2 communicates with each other. When the liquid is sucked off, the liquid enters the suction tube from the suction port and is discharged from the discharge port through the suction tube.

Furthermore, in the present utility model, preferably two liquid suction pipes are arranged in the insertion pipe 2, and the first suction pipes connected with the two liquid suction pipes are respectively provided on the insertion end face of the insertion head 1 or the insertion pipe 2. Liquid port 13 and the second liquid suction port 14, the opening of the first liquid suction port 13 is preferably towards the camera 11, when the camera 11 has a barrier, the barrier is sucked away by the first liquid suction port 13; further, the second The opening of the liquid suction port 14 is preferably facing the insertion direction of the insertion tube 2 , and the second liquid suction port 14 can absorb the obstructions during the insertion process, so that the shooting environment of the camera 11 is clearer.

Furthermore, the patient can be further injected with medicine through the second liquid suction port 14, which is convenient for treatment.

Furthermore, in the present utility model, an injection tube for injecting medicine may also be provided separately.

In addition, in the present utility model, a sampling device or a cutting device can also be provided in the inner tube 4 according to the needs of use, for clamping a patient sample or cutting a diseased cyst; After the sample or diseased tissue is cut, it is taken out from the inner tube inlet 41 through the inner tube 4 .

In summary, the nasopharyngoscope involved in the utility model can treat the found lesions while examining the patient's nasopharynx, reduce the damage to the patient, and can more clearly and effectively treat the patient. The treatment minimizes the damage caused to the patient, has a simple structure and is convenient to use, and is worthy of extensive popularization and application.

The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present utility model, but are not intended to limit the present utility model. Anyone familiar with this technology can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the utility model should still be covered by the claims of the utility model.

Claims (13)

1. a nasopharyngeal endoscope, comprise insertion tube, photographic head, light source, handle and display part, described photographic head and described light source are located at the front end of described insertion tube, the rearward end of described insertion tube connects described handle, the rearward end of described handle is communicated with described display part, described display part is connected with described photographic head by the circuit of the inside of described insertion tube, it is characterized in that

Interior pipe is also provided with, as the access way of imbibition passage or elongated shape apparatus in described insertion tube;

The inner tube outlet of described interior pipe is located at the front end face of described insertion tube, and the inner tube inlet of described interior pipe is located on the periphery wall of described handle or described insertion tube.

2. nasopharyngeal endoscope as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described inner tube inlet is provided with liquid sucking device, for being sucked and from described inner tube inlet sucking-off from described inner tube outlet by the blockage of nasal cavity.

3. nasopharyngeal endoscope as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bending section of controlled deflection is provided with in described interior pipe, be connected with the control rocking bar be located on described handle, for controlling or change the bending radius of leading section of described insertion tube, the leading section of described insertion tube can be inserted in different nasal cavities.

4. nasopharyngeal endoscope as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be provided with sampler or cutter sweep in described interior pipe, to swell capsule for gripping sick body sample or cutting pathological changes; After described sampler or cutter sweep obtain sample and cutting pathological tissues from described inner tube outlet, taken out from described inner tube inlet by described interior pipe.

5. nasopharyngeal endoscope as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, at least one pipette is also provided with in described insertion tube, described pipette is liquid sucting port near the insertion end position of described insertion tube, the other end of described pipette is leakage fluid dram, and liquid is discharged from described leakage fluid dram by pipette after described liquid sucting port absorbs.

6. nasopharyngeal endoscope as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the diameter of described interior pipe is 0.5 ~ 5 millimeter.

7. a nasopharyngeal endoscope, comprise insertion tube, photographic head, light source, handle and display part, the rearward end of described insertion tube connects described handle, the rearward end of described handle is communicated with described display part, described display part is connected with described photographic head by the circuit of the inside of described insertion tube, it is characterized in that

The front end of described insertion tube is also provided with the insert head removably connected, and described photographic head and described light source are located at the front end of described insert head;

Interior pipe is also provided with, as imbibition passage or instrument channel in described insertion tube;

The inner tube outlet of described interior pipe is located at the front end face of described insertion tube, and the inner tube inlet of described interior pipe is located on the periphery wall of described handle or described insertion tube.

8. nasopharyngeal endoscope as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the removably connecting of described insert head and described insertion tube comprises screw thread and spin, or steady pin connects, or bolt connects, or elasticity is connected together, or interference fit connection.

9. nasopharyngeal endoscope as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described inner tube inlet is provided with liquid sucking device, for being sucked and from described inner tube inlet sucking-off from described inner tube outlet by the blockage of nasal cavity.

10. nasopharyngeal endoscope as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the bending section of controlled deflection is provided with in described interior pipe, be connected with the control rocking bar be located on described handle, for controlling or change the bending radius of leading section of described insertion tube, the leading section of described insertion tube can be inserted in different nasal cavities.

11. nasopharyngeal endoscopes as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, be provided with sampler or cutter sweep in described interior pipe, to swell capsule for gripping sick body sample or cutting pathological changes; After described sampler or cutter sweep obtain sample and cutting pathological tissues from described inner tube outlet, taken out from described inner tube inlet by described interior pipe.

12. nasopharyngeal endoscopes as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, at least one pipette is also provided with in described insertion tube, described pipette is liquid sucting port near the insertion end position of described insertion tube, the other end of described pipette is leakage fluid dram, and liquid is discharged from described leakage fluid dram by pipette after described liquid sucting port absorbs.

13. nasopharyngeal endoscopes as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the diameter of described interior pipe is 0.5 ~ 5 millimeter.