CN204481723U - A kind of brushless direct current motor controller based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a brushless DC motor controller based on an STM32 single-chip microcomputer, which includes an STM32 core controller module, a motor real-time state monitoring module, a rectification and filtering module, a three-phase inverter module, a step-down module, a CAN bus communication module and Optocoupler isolation module. It is characterized in that: the STM32 core controller module is respectively connected to the motor real-time status monitoring module, step-down module and optocoupler isolation module for real-time data processing and real-time control of the motor, and the motor real-time status monitoring module is connected to the STM32 core control module respectively The three-phase inverter module is connected to the rectifier and filter module, the optocoupler isolation module and the brushless DC motor, and is connected to the controller Working together, the DC power is converted to AC power to control the brushless DC motor. The utility model can improve the control precision, response speed and stability of the brushless DC motor.

Description

A brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 microcontroller

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a brushless DC motor controller based on an STM32 single-chip microcomputer

Background technique

Brushless DC motor is a new type of motor developed with the rapid development of power electronics technology in recent years. It is one of the important electromechanical components in modern industrial equipment, modern science and technology and military equipment. Traditional DC motors use brushes to commutate mechanically, which brings weaknesses such as noise, sparks, infinite electrical interference, and short life. The brushless DC motor uses a commutator composed of power electronic devices to replace the traditional mechanical commutator. Therefore, brushless DC motors have a series of characteristics such as simple structure, reliable operation, and convenient maintenance of AC motors. At the same time, they have many advantages such as high operating efficiency, no excitation loss, and good speed regulation performance. Aerospace, robot control, medical equipment, instrumentation and household appliances industries have been widely used.

With the rapid development of science and technology, various types and functions of high-performance controllers for motor control are becoming more and more abundant, and the computing speed has also made a qualitative leap, and the price is getting lower and lower, such as the STM32F407 produced by STMicroelectronics. The series is specially used for motor control single-chip microcomputer chips. It has a motor control unit inside, which is powerful, and its main frequency can reach 168MHz. On the basis of the above hardware, it can completely realize the real-time control algorithm with excellent performance, and write a perfect monitoring software. .

In the process of realizing the utility model, the inventors found that the prior art at least has defects such as large volume, high cost, low reliability, inconvenient use and difficult installation.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer, through real-time detection of motor operating state parameters, combined with actual motor parameters, to provide the most reasonable and stable control for brushless DC motors.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:

A brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 microcontroller, including STM32 core controller module, motor real-time status monitoring module, rectification and filtering module, three-phase inverter module, step-down module, CAN bus communication module and optocoupler isolation module. It is characterized in that: the STM32 core controller module is respectively connected to the motor real-time status monitoring module, step-down module and optocoupler isolation module for real-time data processing and real-time control of the motor, and the motor real-time status monitoring module is connected to the STM32 core control module respectively The three-phase inverter module and the brushless DC motor are used to collect the real-time speed, position, current and voltage signals of the motor. Working together, the DC power is converted to AC power to control the brushless DC motor.

The described brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer is characterized in that: the specific model of the STM32 core controller is STM32F407VGT6.

The described brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer is characterized in that: the motor real-time state monitoring module includes a rotational speed acquisition module, a current acquisition circuit and a voltage acquisition circuit, and the rotational speed acquisition module adopts an E6A2-CW3C encoder.

The described brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer is characterized in that: the communication interface adopts CAN bus communication interface.

The brushless DC motor controller based on the STM32 single-chip microcomputer is characterized in that: the isolation between the STM32 core controller module and the three-phase inverter module is realized by an optocoupler isolation module.

The STM32-based brushless DC motor controller is characterized in that: the optocoupler type used in the optocoupler isolation module is TLP521-1.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that: the utility model adopts STM32F407VGT6 motor control special single-chip controller, which can greatly improve the control accuracy and stability of the brushless DC motor; Compared with the brushless DC motor controller, the cost of the controller can be greatly reduced; at the same time, this system adopts the double closed-loop control of the current loop and the speed loop, and applies the fuzzy PI control algorithm to the actual control system, which greatly improves the system Robustness, reducing the torque ripple of the motor, has excellent application and promotion prospects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the utility model

Fig. 2 is the STM32 core controller system block diagram of the utility model

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the voltage acquisition circuit of the present utility model

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the current acquisition circuit of the present utility model

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the optocoupler isolation circuit of the present invention

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the preferred embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

The overall structural diagram of the system of this embodiment is shown in Figure 1, which provides a brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 microcontroller, including STM32 core controller module, motor real-time status monitoring module, rectification and filtering module, three-phase inverter module, step-down module, CAN bus communication module and optocoupler isolation module. The 220V AC power supplying the system becomes DC after passing through the rectification and filtering module. On the one hand, it provides a stable 3.3V voltage for the STM32 core controller through the step-down module. On the other hand, the STM2 core controller controls the switching tube of the three-phase inverter module. The conduction sequence of the inverter inverts the DC power into a brushless DC motor to provide AC power. The STM32 core controller is isolated from the three-phase inverter module through the optocoupler isolation module to ensure the safety of the system. The STM32 core controller module is also connected to the motor real-time status monitoring module to monitor the real-time speed, real-time position, real-time current and real-time voltage of the brushless DC motor in real time. At the same time, the STM32 core controller is also connected to the CAN bus communication interface, which facilitates real-time communication with other devices and makes the system scalable.

The block diagram of the STM32 core controller system of this embodiment is shown in Figure 2. STM32F407VGT6 is the specific model of the core control chip used in this system, and its peripheral circuits include a JTAG interface, a PWM waveform output interface, an A/D conversion interface, and peripheral circuits. , RAM/FLASH storage, reset circuit, clock circuit, power supply circuit and CAN bus communication circuit.

The schematic diagram of the voltage acquisition circuit of this embodiment is shown in Figure 3. The schematic diagram shown takes one of the three phases as an example, and the other two phases are the same as this phase. V _MOTO is the actual voltage of one phase of the brushless motor, as The input voltage of the voltage acquisition circuit, after being divided by R1 and R3, is connected to the PA1 port of the microcontroller after connecting the resistor R2. C1 is the decoupling capacitor of the circuit. The resistance of R1 is 10KΩ, the resistance of R2 is 68Ω, and the resistance of R3 is 10KΩ. The resistance is 1KΩ.

The schematic diagram of the current acquisition circuit of this embodiment is shown in Figure 4. The schematic diagram shown takes one of the three phases as an example, and the other two phases are the same as this phase. I _SENSOR1 is the voltage converted from the current of one phase through the sampling resistor , MCP6024 integrates 4 operational amplifiers, one of which is shown in the figure. Among them, R5 is 68Ω, R7 is 1KΩ and R9 is 10KΩ, and VREF is the reference voltage. The output port of the operational amplifier is connected to the PA2 port with AD conversion function.

The schematic diagram of the optocoupler isolation circuit of this embodiment is shown in Figure 5. The optocoupler isolation chip used is TLP521-1, and PB12 is the PWM output IO port of the microcontroller, which is connected to the 2 pins of the optocoupler, and the 1 pin is connected to the resistor The resistor R11 with a value of 2KΩ is connected to the +5V power supply, the 4th pin is connected to R12 with a resistance value of 15KΩ, and then connected to VCC for pull-up, R12 and R13 for voltage division, the 4th pin is connected to VOUT, and VOUT is connected to MOSFET power The G pole of the tube.

In summary, the brushless DC motor controller based on the STM32 single-chip microcomputer in the above embodiment of the utility model has the advantages of the traditional dedicated chip brushless DC motor controller, that is, a dedicated motor control mechanism, user-programmable, expandable It has strong ability and powerful functions, and at the same time overcomes their respective shortcomings, such as the integration of peripherals and memory in the chip, which can save the area of the printed circuit board, reduce the number of components in the system, and improve the efficiency of the CPU in processing data. The ability and reliability of the whole system, followed by the low cost and excellent performance of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer, greatly reduces the cost of the whole control system and has a broad market prospect.

Finally, it should be noted that the embodiments described above are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. , can also make some improvements and modifications, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (5)

1. A brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 microcontroller, including STM32 core controller module, motor real-time status monitoring module, rectification and filtering module, three-phase inverter module, step-down module, CAN bus communication module and optocoupler isolation The module is characterized in that: the STM32 core controller module is respectively connected to the motor real-time status monitoring module, step-down module and optocoupler isolation module for real-time data processing and real-time control of the motor, and the motor real-time status monitoring module is connected to the STM32 The core controller and the DC brushless motor are used to collect signals such as the real-time speed, position, current and voltage of the motor, and the three-phase inverter module is respectively connected with the rectification and filtering module, the optocoupler isolation module and the brushless DC motor. The controller works together to convert the DC power to AC power to control the brushless DC motor. 2. A brushless DC motor controller based on an STM32 microcontroller according to claim 1, wherein the specific model of the STM32 core controller is STM32F407VGT6. 3. A kind of brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described motor real-time state monitoring module comprises rotational speed acquisition module, current acquisition circuit and voltage acquisition circuit, and rotational speed acquisition module adopts E6A2-CW3C encoder. 4. A brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that: said communication interface adopts a CAN bus communication interface. 5. A brushless DC motor controller based on STM32 microcontroller according to claim 1, characterized in that: the STM32 core controller module and the three-phase inverter module are isolated by an optocoupler isolation module.