CN204465407U - Three-power electric vehicle - Google Patents
Three-power electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN204465407U CN204465407U CN201520044888.9U CN201520044888U CN204465407U CN 204465407 U CN204465407 U CN 204465407U CN 201520044888 U CN201520044888 U CN 201520044888U CN 204465407 U CN204465407 U CN 204465407U
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Abstract
The three-power electric vehicle that the utility model provides, comprises motor and controller; Motor winding comprises high, medium and low speed third gear; The signal switching modulate circuit of controller comprises two drive circuits, respectively by coil conducting or the shutoff of single-chip microcomputer two I/O port driver control relays A, B, the three-phase output end mouth of motor-drive circuit respectively by transfer relay A, B and motor low, in or top gear winding switching, Hall element is connected with single-chip microcomputer by hall signal modulate circuit, and relay modulate circuit connects relay A, B control end.The utility model adopts three-speed motor and controller to control the speed of electric motor car, and the conversion efficiency between controller three gears improves, and the speed discrepancy of motor diminishes, and conversion effect is more steady, comfortable; Controller has fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit, when running on height folk art term fault-tolerant mode under the short circuit of low speed winding drive circuit or open circuit conditions, not only improves adaptability but also possess fault tolerance.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to vehicle technology field, relates to a kind of three-power electric vehicle.
Background technology
Existing electric motor car is generally two grades of electric motor cars, and there are the following problems usually in two grades of electric motor cars: 1. conversion is steady not, comfortable; 2. motor power is not enough; 3. motor working efficiency is low; How to solve the problem and become the problem of those skilled in the art's research.
Utility model content
Problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind ofly changes steadily comfortable three-power electric vehicle.
For solving the problem, the technical solution adopted in the utility model: a kind of three-power electric vehicle, comprises three-speed motor and three fast controllers;
Described three-speed motor comprises rotor and stator, and described stator comprises motor shaft, iron core and winding, and described winding is around on described iron core, and described iron core is fixed on described motor shaft; Described winding comprises low speed winding, middling speed winding and high speed winding; Described low speed winding comprises coil U1, V1, W1, is connected respectively with the terminal of motor low or first gear outlet; Described middling speed winding extends out to 3/5 position of low speed winding coil overall length respectively by the head end of low speed winding coil U1, V1, W1, draws U2, V2, W2 respectively, is connected with the terminal of motor mid ranger outlet; Described high speed winding extends out to 1/2 position of low speed winding coil overall length respectively by the head end of low speed winding coil U1, V1, W1, draws U3, V3, W3 respectively, is connected with the terminal of motor top gear outlet; The tail end of the tail end of described coil U1, the tail end of coil V1 and coil W1 is contacted;
Described three fast controllers comprise single-chip microcomputer and relay signal switches modulate circuit, described relay signal switches modulate circuit and comprises the first drive circuit and the second drive circuit, described first drive circuit is by the coil conducting of an I/O port JDQ_L drived control relay A of single-chip microcomputer or shutoff, described second drive circuit is by the coil conducting of the 2nd I/O port JDQ_H drived control relay B of single-chip microcomputer or shutoff, described first drive circuit comprises triode QSS2 and metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1, the base stage of described triode QSS2 is connected with single-chip microcomputer the one I/O port JDQ_L by resistance RSS1, the base stage of described triode QSS2 is by pull down resistor RSS2 ground connection, the grounded emitter of triode QSS2, the collector electrode of described triode QSS2 connects 12v power supply by a resistance RSS7, connect the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1 simultaneously, the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1 connects the positive pole of sustained diode SS1, the source ground of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1, the negative pole of described sustained diode SS1 connects car load power supply, the coils from parallel connection of coils of described relay A is at the two ends of described sustained diode SS1, described second drive circuit comprises triode QSS4 and metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3, the base stage of described triode QSS4 is connected with single-chip microcomputer the 2nd I/O port JDQ_H by resistance RSS3, the base stage of described triode QSS4 is by pull down resistor RSS4 ground connection, the grounded emitter of triode QSS4, the collector electrode of described triode QSS4 connects 12v power supply by a resistance RSS8, connect the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3 simultaneously, the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3 connects the positive pole of sustained diode SS2, the source ground of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3, the negative pole of described sustained diode SS2 connects car load power supply, the coils from parallel connection of coils of described relay B is at the two ends of described sustained diode SS2, the three-phase output end mouth of described Micro Controller Unit (MCU) driving motor-drive circuit is respectively by the low or first gear of transfer relay A and relay B and motor, mid ranger or top gear winding switching, motor Hall element is connected with single-chip microcomputer by hall signal modulate circuit, described relay signal switches the control end of the output connection transfer relay A and relay B of modulate circuit.
Described first drive circuit is provided with fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit, described fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit comprises triode QSS5, resistance RSS6 and resistance RSS5, the collector electrode of the collector electrode connecting triode QSS5 of described triode QSS2, the emitter of the emitter connecting triode QSS5 of described triode QSS2, the base stage of described triode QSS5 is by pull down resistor RSS6 ground connection, and the base stage of described triode QSS5 is connected with single-chip microcomputer by resistance RSS5 introduces enable signal JDQ_L_EN.
Described motor shaft is hollow shaft, and the one or both ends that the lead-out wire terminal of described coil all stretches out hollow shaft are connected with corresponding motor lead-out wire terminal.
The advantage that the utility model has and good effect are: because the utility model adopts three-speed motor, three fast controllers to control the speed of electric motor car, therefore the conversion efficiency between controller three gears improves, the speed discrepancy of motor diminishes, and conversion effect is more steady, comfortable.The fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit that controller first drive circuit connects, the middling speed winding drive circuit being automatically switched to controller when controller low speed winding drive circuit goes wrong by fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit can be ensured, controller three-phase line is given tacit consent to and motor middling speed winding switching, drive motors works on mid ranger, run on height folk art term fault-tolerant mode, while possessing third gear controller function, remain the performance of folk art term controller like this, very possess fault tolerance again while high-adaptability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the utility model relay signal switches modulate circuit;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams that the utility model relay signal switches modulate circuit cooperation relay;
Fig. 3 is the utility model controller 12v power circuit principle figure;
Fig. 4 is that the utility model controller 12v turns 5v circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 5 is that the utility model controller 5v turns 3.3v circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 6 is the utility model SCM peripheral circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 7 is the utility model controller instrument signal modulate circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the utility model controller handle signal conditioning circuit;
Fig. 9 is the utility model controller temperature protection circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is the utility model controller hall signal modulate circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is the utility model controller current detection circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is that the utility model controller overcurrent interrupts protective circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is the utility model motor three-phase drive circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 14 is the schematic diagram that the utility model relay signal switches modulate circuit cooperation relay;
Figure 15 is control flow chart of the present utility model;
Figure 16 is faults-tolerant control flow chart of the present utility model;
Figure 17 is that the utility model smart electronics shelves controller arranges rotating speed, current double-hysteresis-loop control schematic diagram;
Figure 18 is relay solid structural representation of the present utility model;
Figure 19 is the schematic diagram of the utility model relay;
Figure 20 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the utility model relay;
Figure 21 is the stereogram of the internal structure of the utility model relay;
Figure 22 is the catenation principle figure of the utility model motor winding.
In figure: 1. shell, 2. pedestal, 31,32. power supply terminals, 33. normally opened contacts, 34. normally-closed contacts, 35. moving contacts, 4. electromagnet, 5. connecting line.
Embodiment
Now carry out comparatively detailed description to the utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in Figure 1-22, a kind of three-power electric vehicle, comprises three-speed motor, three fast controllers and third gear relay;
Described three-speed motor comprises rotor and stator, and described stator comprises motor shaft, iron core and winding, and described winding is around on described iron core, and described iron core is fixed on described motor shaft; Described winding comprises low speed winding, middling speed winding and high speed winding; Described low speed winding comprises coil U1, V1, W1, is connected respectively with the terminal of motor low or first gear outlet; Described middling speed winding extends out to 3/5 position of low speed winding coil overall length respectively by the head end of low speed winding coil U1, V1, W1, draws U2, V2, W2 respectively, is connected with the terminal of motor mid ranger outlet; Described high speed winding extends out to 1/2 position of low speed winding coil overall length respectively by the head end of low speed winding coil U1, V1, W1, draws U3, V3, W3 respectively, is connected with the terminal of motor top gear outlet; The tail end of the tail end of described coil U1, the tail end of coil V1 and coil W1 is contacted;
Described motor shaft is hollow shaft, and the one or both ends that the lead-out wire terminal of described coil all stretches out hollow shaft are connected with corresponding motor lead-out wire terminal.Core motor axle can by lead-out wires of coil terminal by wherein being drawn by two ends, and joint space-efficient can make the arrangement rational and orderly more gone between simultaneously, facilitates wiring;
Because the utility model motor adopts three groups of windings, the speed discrepancy between three groups of windings is less, and therefore conversion effect is more steady, comfortable; Carry out coiling by three groups of windings, the copper factor of single groove unshakable in one's determination is improved, and then moment of torsion when adding low speed starting and climb, and improves the power of motor; Also improve the efficiency of motor simultaneously; Compared with double-speed motor, add a gear and be just the increase in an efficient point, therefore its moment of torsion is larger, and load capacity is stronger, and mileages of continuation is longer.
Third gear relay, comprise shell 1 and pedestal 2, two independently relay unit A and B are provided with in the enclosure space that described shell 1 and described pedestal 2 form, relay unit A and relay unit B comprises two-way spring, two-way electromagnet, two-way armature, 12 fixed contact (triplets, two groups of normally-closed contacts, two groups of normally opened contacts), six moving contacts 35 (triplets), pedestal 2 and back cover, described relay unit A is furnished with common port plug, relay unit B is unworthy of common port plug, the normally-closed contact 34 of relay unit A is connected with the moving contact 35 of relay unit B.By the third gear conversion work of the relay that cooperatively interacted of relay unit A and relay unit B.
The normally-closed contact 34 of described relay unit A is the L shape extended to shell 1 direction.Facilitate the welding of connecting line, save space simultaneously.
The normally-closed contact 34 of described relay unit A connects respectively by the moving contact 35 that connecting line 5 is corresponding with relay unit B.Connect up more neat.
On junction between described shell 1 and pedestal 2 and pedestal 2, the exit root of each plug all scribbles high density marine glue.Cause to avoid relay inner inlet damaging.
The normally opened contact 33 of described relay unit A is connected with motor low or first gear, and the normally-closed contact 34 of described relay unit B is connected with motor mid ranger, and the normally opened contact 33 of described relay unit B is connected with motor top gear.
Relay construction and the course of work as follows:
The common port plug of relay unit A is connected with moving contact 35, when no power and normally-closed contact 34 conducting of relay unit A, when being energized, the moving contact 35 of relay unit A and normally opened contact 33 conducting of relay unit A, (this state is for connecing motor low speed winding); During the electromagnet power-off of relay unit A, the common port of relay unit A and normally-closed contact 34 conducting of relay unit A, because the normally-closed contact 34 of relay unit A is communicated with the moving contact 35 of relay unit B, now relay unit B electromagnet release, the common port of relay unit A and normally-closed contact 34 conducting of relay unit B, (this state connects motor middling speed winding); When the energising of relay unit B electromagnet, the common port of relay unit A and normally opened contact 33 conducting of relay unit B, (this state connects motor high speed winding).
Three fast controllers comprise single-chip microcomputer, relay signal switches modulate circuit, power circuit, instrument signal modulate circuit, handle signal conditioning circuit, instrument signal modulate circuit, temperature protection circuit, hall signal modulate circuit, current detection circuit, overcurrent interrupt protective circuit, motor three-phase drive circuit etc.;
As Fig. 1, 2, shown in 14, relay signal switches modulate circuit and comprises the first drive circuit and the second drive circuit, described first drive circuit is by the coil conducting of an I/O port JDQ_L drived control relay A of single-chip microcomputer or shutoff, described second drive circuit is by the coil conducting of the 2nd I/O port JDQ_H drived control relay B of single-chip microcomputer or shutoff, described first drive circuit comprises triode QSS2 and metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1, the base stage of described triode QSS2 is connected with single-chip microcomputer the one I/O port JDQ_L by resistance RSS1, the base stage of described triode QSS2 is by pull down resistor RSS2 ground connection, the grounded emitter of triode QSS2, the collector electrode of described triode QSS2 connects 12v power supply by a resistance RSS7, connect the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1 simultaneously, the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1 connects the positive pole of sustained diode SS1, the source ground of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1, the negative pole of described sustained diode SS1 connects car load power supply (rated voltage of car load power supply is 48v or 60v etc.), the coils from parallel connection of coils of described relay A is at the two ends of described sustained diode SS1, described second drive circuit comprises triode QSS4 and metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3, the base stage of described triode QSS4 is connected with single-chip microcomputer the 2nd I/O port JDQ_H by resistance RSS3, the base stage of described triode QSS4 is by pull down resistor RSS4 ground connection, the grounded emitter of triode QSS4, the collector electrode of described triode QSS4 connects 12v power supply by a resistance RSS8, connect the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3 simultaneously, the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3 connects the positive pole of sustained diode SS2, the source ground of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3, the negative pole of described sustained diode SS2 connects car load power supply, the coils from parallel connection of coils of described relay B is at the two ends of described sustained diode SS2, the three-phase output end mouth of described Micro Controller Unit (MCU) driving motor-drive circuit is respectively by the low or first gear of transfer relay A and relay B and motor, mid ranger or top gear winding switching, motor Hall element is connected with single-chip microcomputer by hall signal modulate circuit, described relay signal switches the control end of the output connection transfer relay A and relay B of modulate circuit.
Described first drive circuit is provided with fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit, described fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit comprises triode QSS5, resistance RSS6 and resistance RSS5, the collector electrode of the collector electrode connecting triode QSS5 of described triode QSS2, the emitter of the emitter connecting triode QSS5 of described triode QSS2, the base stage of described triode QSS5 is by pull down resistor RSS6 ground connection, and the base stage of described triode QSS5 is connected with single-chip microcomputer by resistance RSS5 introduces enable signal JDQ_L_EN.
Controller operation principle:
1, relay signal switches modulate circuit principle: resistance RSS1, RSS3 is current-limiting resistance, pass through RSS1, RSS3 limits single-chip microcomputer IO port driver triode QSS2, the drive current of QSS4, resistance RSS2, RSS4 is pull down resistor, when single-chip microcomputer electrification reset port is in high-impedance state, pass through RSS2, RSS4 is by QSS2, QSS4 base stage drags down and makes QSS2, QSS4 turns off, QSS1, the conducting of QSS3 control relay is closed, work as QSS1, the grid of QSS3 is 12V, i.e. triode QSS, 2, when QSS4 closes, QSS1, QSS3 conducting, relay A, the adhesive of B coil, work as QSS1, the grid of QSS3 is 0V, i.e. triode QSS, 2, during QSS4 conducting, relay A, B releasing winding.Because relay is perceptual device; larger reverse voltage can be produced when the moment turned off; diode DSS1, DSS2 play afterflow effect instantaneously at cut-off, reduce or eliminate the reverse voltage that relay inductance produces, and play the effect of protection drive circuit and relay.
2, three fast switching principles: when vehicle is energized and remains static, controller low speed winding control module works: the adhesive of relay A coil, relay B releasing winding, the now normally opened contact of relay A coil and controller three-phase A, B, C conducting, motor low speed winding works, and drives vehicle with low or first gear; Motor speed constantly rises, when controller detects that motor speed is greater than 10KM and electric current is less than 18A, controller middling speed winding control module works: relay A releasing winding, relay B releasing winding, the now normally-closed contact of relay B and controller three-phase A, B, C conducting, motor middling speed winding works, and drives vehicle with mid ranger; Motor speed still constantly rises, when controller detects that motor speed is greater than 18KM and electric current is less than 15A, relay A releasing winding, the adhesive of relay B coil, controller high speed winding control module works: the now normally opened contact of relay B and controller three-phase A, B, C conducting, motor high speed winding works, and drives vehicle with top gear;
Otherwise, when vehicle runs with top gear, when controller detects motor speed lower than 16KM, controller middling speed winding control module works: relay A releasing winding, relay B releasing winding, the now normally-closed contact of relay B and controller three-phase A, B, C conducting, motor middling speed winding works, and drives vehicle with mid ranger; When controller detects motor speed lower than 8KM, controller low speed winding module work: relay A coil adhesive, relay B releasing winding, the now normally opened contact of relay A coil and controller three-phase A, B, C conducting, motor low speed winding works, and drives vehicle to promote moment of torsion with low or first gear.
Three gear intelligent electronic controllers control motor winding and switch effect: because three gear intelligent electronic controllers are by control 2 group relay switch motor three-phase windings respectively, speed discrepancy between controller three gears is less, so conversion effect is more steady, comfortable; By controlling 2 group relaies switch motor three-phase windings respectively, highlighting diversity and the flexibility of switching mode, adding moment of torsion when low speed starting and climbing, improving the control performance of controller; Also improve the efficiency of motor simultaneously; Compared with the intelligent electronic controller of folk art term position, add a gear and be just the increase in an efficient point, therefore the control performance of three gear intelligent electronic controllers is better, can the superperformance that operation is efficient and output torque is large of abundant digging motor.
Switch in time, accurately in order to ensure 2 group relaies, this intelligent electronic controller devises electric gear change circuit, as shown in Figure 1.
After low speed winding drive circuit fault in controller, controller is positioned at two gear switch fault-tolerant operation mode, fault-tolerant Enable Pin JDQ_L_EN puts 1, how the signal JDQ_L now no matter controlling low speed winding drive circuit break-make changes, metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1 closes, the coil blackout of relay A, fault winding drive circuit disconnects all the time.Like this, what access all the time when guaranteeing that controller runs is middling speed winding drive circuit or high speed winding drive circuit, improves reliability and the useful life of controller.
Above embodiment of the present utility model has been described in detail, but described content being only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, can not being considered to for limiting practical range of the present utility model.All equalizations done according to the utility model scope change and improve, and all should still belong within this patent covering scope.
Claims (3)
1. a three-power electric vehicle, is characterized in that: comprise three-speed motor and three fast controllers;
Described three-speed motor comprises rotor and stator, and described stator comprises motor shaft, iron core and winding, and described winding is around on described iron core, and described iron core is fixed on described motor shaft; Described winding comprises low speed winding, middling speed winding and high speed winding; Described low speed winding comprises coil U1, V1, W1, is connected respectively with the terminal of motor low or first gear outlet; Described middling speed winding extends out to 3/5 position of low speed winding coil overall length respectively by the head end of low speed winding coil U1, V1, W1, draws U2, V2, W2 respectively, is connected with the terminal of motor mid ranger outlet; Described high speed winding extends out to 1/2 position of low speed winding coil overall length respectively by the head end of low speed winding coil U1, V1, W1, draws U3, V3, W3 respectively, is connected with the terminal of motor top gear outlet; The tail end of the tail end of described coil U1, the tail end of coil V1 and coil W1 is contacted;
Described three fast controllers comprise single-chip microcomputer and relay signal switches modulate circuit, described relay signal switches modulate circuit and comprises the first drive circuit and the second drive circuit, described first drive circuit is by the coil conducting of an I/O port JDQ_L drived control relay A of single-chip microcomputer or shutoff, described second drive circuit is by the coil conducting of the 2nd I/O port JDQ_H drived control relay B of single-chip microcomputer or shutoff, described first drive circuit comprises triode QSS2 and metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1, the base stage of described triode QSS2 is connected with single-chip microcomputer the one I/O port JDQ_L by resistance RSS1, the base stage of described triode QSS2 is by pull down resistor RSS2 ground connection, the grounded emitter of triode QSS2, the collector electrode of described triode QSS2 connects 12v power supply by a resistance RSS7, connect the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1 simultaneously, the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1 connects the positive pole of sustained diode SS1, the source ground of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS1, the negative pole of described sustained diode SS1 connects car load power supply, the coils from parallel connection of coils of described relay A is at the two ends of described sustained diode SS1, described second drive circuit comprises triode QSS4 and metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3, the base stage of described triode QSS4 is connected with single-chip microcomputer the 2nd I/O port JDQ_H by resistance RSS3, the base stage of described triode QSS4 is by pull down resistor RSS4 ground connection, the grounded emitter of triode QSS4, the collector electrode of described triode QSS4 connects 12v power supply by a resistance RSS8, connect the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3 simultaneously, the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3 connects the positive pole of sustained diode SS2, the source ground of described metal-oxide-semiconductor QSS3, the negative pole of described sustained diode SS2 connects car load power supply, the coils from parallel connection of coils of described relay B is at the two ends of described sustained diode SS2, the three-phase output end mouth of described Micro Controller Unit (MCU) driving motor-drive circuit is respectively by the low or first gear of transfer relay A and relay B and motor, mid ranger or top gear winding switching, motor Hall element is connected with single-chip microcomputer by hall signal modulate circuit, described relay signal switches the control end of the output connection transfer relay A and relay B of modulate circuit.
2. three-power electric vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first drive circuit is provided with fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit, described fault-tolerant enable signal modulate circuit comprises triode QSS5, resistance RSS6 and resistance RSS5, the collector electrode of the collector electrode connecting triode QSS5 of described triode QSS2, the emitter of the emitter connecting triode QSS5 of described triode QSS2, the base stage of described triode QSS5 is by pull down resistor RSS6 ground connection, the base stage of described triode QSS5 is connected with single-chip microcomputer by resistance RSS5 introduces enable signal JDQ_L_EN.
3. three-power electric vehicle according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described motor shaft is hollow shaft, and the one or both ends that the lead-out wire terminal of described coil all stretches out hollow shaft are connected with corresponding motor lead-out wire terminal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520044888.9U CN204465407U (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-01-22 | Three-power electric vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201520044888.9U CN204465407U (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-01-22 | Three-power electric vehicle |
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| CN204465407U true CN204465407U (en) | 2015-07-08 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104539217A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-04-22 | 天津小刀电动科技股份有限公司 | Tri-power electric vehicle |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104539217A (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2015-04-22 | 天津小刀电动科技股份有限公司 | Tri-power electric vehicle |
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Address after: 301802 nine Garden Industrial Park, Baodi District, Tianjin Patentee after: TIANJIN XIAODAO ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Address before: 301802 nine Garden Industrial Park, Baodi District, Tianjin Patentee before: TIANJIN XIAODAO ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |