CN204424889U - A kind of thunder and lightning indirect effect safeguard structure of airborne equipment - Google Patents
A kind of thunder and lightning indirect effect safeguard structure of airborne equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构，主要由一金属壳体、一防雷滤波器、一外部连接器及一内部电路板组成。所述防雷滤波器通过至少一搭接螺柱与所述金属壳体相连，所述防雷滤波器上具有一接地端，所述这些搭接螺柱与所述接地端电气相连，所述外部连接器的各针脚均通过一防雷器件与所述接地端电气相连。通过设置上述两个隔热本体，有效地防止内、外护材料间的热传递，提高挤出线缆的质量。
The utility model relates to a lightning indirect effect protection structure for airborne equipment, which is mainly composed of a metal shell, a lightning protection filter, an external connector and an internal circuit board. The lightning protection filter is connected to the metal shell through at least one overlapping stud, and the lightning protection filter has a grounding terminal, and the overlapping studs are electrically connected to the grounding terminal, the Each pin of the external connector is electrically connected to the ground terminal through a lightning protection device. By arranging the above two heat insulating bodies, the heat transfer between the inner and outer protective materials can be effectively prevented, and the quality of the extruded cable can be improved.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及机载设备的雷电防护，特别是一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构。 The utility model relates to lightning protection for airborne equipment, in particular to a lightning indirect effect protection structure for airborne equipment.
背景技术 Background technique
现代飞机对环境适应性尤其是安全性提出了越来越高的要求，雷电作为一种自然现象，在飞机的飞行过程中时有发生，因而雷电作为一种破坏性的能量，随时威胁着机载设备的正常工作，也威胁着飞机的安全运行。雷电间接效应防护设计在保障飞行安全方面有着至关重要的意义。 Modern aircraft put forward higher and higher requirements for environmental adaptability, especially safety. As a natural phenomenon, lightning occurs from time to time during the flight of the aircraft. Therefore, lightning, as a destructive energy, threatens the aircraft at any time. The normal work of the on-board equipment also threatens the safe operation of the aircraft. The lightning indirect effect protection design is of vital significance in ensuring flight safety.
基于压敏电阻的电路板，压敏电阻在正常情况下呈现出较高的阻抗，相当于开路，而在外部高压脉冲的作用下，会呈现低阻抗，从而为雷电电流提供泄放通道。然而，压敏电阻在雷电防护方面有两大缺点，第一个缺点是钳位电压不准，以GNR10D330K为例，其钳位电压通常在30-36V，最大钳位电压为65V，如此大的电压波动范围，会超出机载设备内部电子元器件的承受范围。压敏电阻的第二个缺点是动作时间相对较慢，通常为25ns，对于有些敏感电子元器件而言，持续25ns的高压脉冲可能会导致其功能失效。 Based on the varistor circuit board, the varistor presents a high impedance under normal conditions, which is equivalent to an open circuit, but under the action of an external high-voltage pulse, it will present a low impedance, thereby providing a discharge channel for the lightning current. However, varistors have two major disadvantages in lightning protection. The first disadvantage is that the clamping voltage is inaccurate. Taking GNR10D330K as an example, its clamping voltage is usually 30-36V, and the maximum clamping voltage is 65V. Such a large The voltage fluctuation range will exceed the tolerance range of electronic components inside the airborne equipment. The second disadvantage of varistors is that the action time is relatively slow, usually 25ns. For some sensitive electronic components, a high-voltage pulse lasting 25ns may cause its function to fail.
为此，中国航空工业第六一八研究所的中国实用新型专利CN202262218U公开的“一种雷电效应/电磁兼容防护舱”，其主要包括，机箱前盖板、电路板和接插件，电路板的外围设置一圈覆铜板，机箱前盖板的周长与电路板上的覆铜板的周长相等，机箱前盖板上安装接插件并密封，机箱前盖板安装在电路板上的覆铜板上并用螺钉固定，由此，形成一密闭容腔。不难看出，上述结构存在以下缺点：1、散热性差，部分元器件均被密封于密闭容腔内，由于密闭容腔受整体结构限制，容积很小，即无法正常的散热。2、防雷滤波电路与其他电路共用一电路板，容易串扰。 For this reason, the Chinese utility model patent CN202262218U disclosed by the 618th Research Institute of China Aviation Industry discloses "a kind of lightning effect/electromagnetic compatibility protection cabin", which mainly includes the front cover of the chassis, the circuit board and the connector, and the circuit board There is a circle of copper clad plates on the periphery, the perimeter of the front cover of the chassis is equal to the perimeter of the copper clad plate on the circuit board, the connector is installed on the front cover of the chassis and sealed, and the front cover of the chassis is installed on the copper clad plate on the circuit board And fix it with screws, thereby forming a closed cavity. It is not difficult to see that the above structure has the following disadvantages: 1. Poor heat dissipation. Some components are sealed in the closed cavity. Since the closed cavity is limited by the overall structure, the volume is small, that is, it cannot dissipate heat normally. 2. The lightning protection filter circuit shares a circuit board with other circuits, which is prone to crosstalk.
此外，以往的雷电防护仅考虑了滤波电路板的设计，而要起到雷电防护的效果，良好的结构搭接也显得异常重要，因而电路和结构设计要结合起来考虑。 In addition, the previous lightning protection only considered the design of the filter circuit board, but to achieve the effect of lightning protection, a good structural overlap is also very important, so the circuit and structural design should be considered together.
CN202262218U的内容也通过引用并入本文。 The content of CN202262218U is also incorporated herein by reference.
实用新型内容 Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是解决钳位电压范围宽，响应时间长的问题，提供一种新型的机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构。 The purpose of the utility model is to solve the problems of wide clamping voltage range and long response time, and provide a new type of lightning indirect effect protection structure for airborne equipment.
为了实现上述目的，本实用新型的技术方案是这样实现的：一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构，其特征在于，包括， In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present utility model is achieved as follows: a lightning indirect effect protection structure for airborne equipment, which is characterized in that it includes,
一金属壳体，其设置于一飞机结构上，所述金属壳体内形成有一容置空间，所述金属壳体上具有一安装通孔； A metal shell, which is arranged on an aircraft structure, an accommodating space is formed in the metal shell, and an installation through hole is formed on the metal shell;
一防雷滤波器，其设置于所述容置空间内并紧邻于所述安装通孔，所述防雷滤波器通过至少一搭接螺柱与所述金属壳体相连； A lightning protection filter, which is arranged in the accommodating space and is adjacent to the installation through hole, and the lightning protection filter is connected to the metal shell through at least one overlapping stud;
一外部连接器，其设置于所述安装通孔内，所述外部连接器用以将一雷电源与所述防雷滤波器电气相连；以及， an external connector, which is disposed in the installation through hole, and the external connector is used to electrically connect a lightning power source with the lightning protection filter; and,
一内部电路板，其设置于所述容置空间内并与所述防雷滤波器相分离，所述内部电路板通过一内部连接器与所述防雷滤波器电气连接。 An internal circuit board is arranged in the accommodating space and is separated from the lightning protection filter. The internal circuit board is electrically connected to the lightning protection filter through an internal connector.
作为一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构的优选方案，所述防雷滤波器上具有防雷器件、接地端、输入连接端及输出连接端，其中，所述输入连接端系所述外部连接器连接，所述防雷器件的一端连接于所述输入连接端与所述输出端间，其另一端与所述接地端连接，所述接地端系通过所述搭接螺柱与所述金属壳体相连。 As a preferred solution for the lightning indirect effect protection structure of airborne equipment, the lightning protection filter has a lightning protection device, a ground terminal, an input connection terminal and an output connection terminal, wherein the input connection terminal is the external connector connection, one end of the lightning protection device is connected between the input connection end and the output end, and the other end is connected to the ground end, and the ground end is connected to the connected to the metal housing.
作为一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构的优选方案，所述防雷器件为TVS二极管，优选地，为双向TVS二极管。 As a preferred solution of a lightning indirect effect protection structure for airborne equipment, the lightning protection device is a TVS diode, preferably a bidirectional TVS diode.
作为一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构的优选方案，所述金属壳体至少具有一侧板和一底板，其中，所述安装通孔设置于所述侧板上，所述防雷滤波器与所述侧板相平行，所述底板设置于所述飞机结构上且所述底板与所述飞机结构为面接触。 As a preferred solution of a lightning indirect effect protection structure for airborne equipment, the metal casing has at least one side plate and a bottom plate, wherein the installation through hole is arranged on the side plate, and the lightning protection filter The device is parallel to the side plate, the bottom plate is arranged on the aircraft structure and the bottom plate is in surface contact with the aircraft structure.
作为一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构的优选方案，所述侧板与所述飞机结构的配合面采用导电阳极化处理，并采用同类金属。 As an optimal solution for the lightning indirect effect protection structure of the airborne equipment, the mating surface of the side plate and the aircraft structure is treated with conductive anodization, and the same metal is used.
作为一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构的优选方案，所述金属壳体通过安装角片和紧固螺钉固定于所述飞机结构上。 As a preferred solution of a lightning indirect effect protection structure for airborne equipment, the metal shell is fixed on the aircraft structure by installing angle pieces and fastening screws.
作为一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构的优选方案，所述搭接螺柱的搭接电阻小于5毫欧，所述搭接螺柱的长度与其宽度的比值不超过5：1，以减小高频谐波阻抗。 As a preferred solution for the lightning indirect effect protection structure of airborne equipment, the lap resistance of the lap stud is less than 5 milliohms, and the ratio of the length of the lap stud to its width does not exceed 5:1, so that Reduce high frequency harmonic impedance.
作为一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构的优选方案，所述内部电路板与所述防雷滤波器相距一距离，所述距离控制在20mm以上。 As a preferred solution of the lightning indirect effect protection structure of airborne equipment, the internal circuit board is separated from the lightning protection filter by a distance, and the distance is controlled to be more than 20 mm.
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的优点在于：结构简单可靠，通过防雷滤波器将钳位电压范围控制在一较小的范围，并且响应时间较短，有效地保护内部电路板上的敏感电子元器件，使机载设备的运行更为可靠。 Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, the clamping voltage range is controlled in a small range by the lightning protection filter, and the response time is short, which effectively protects the internal circuit board Sensitive electronic components make the operation of airborne equipment more reliable.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the utility model.
图2是本实用新型的防雷滤波器的电路结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the lightning protection filter of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作详细说明。 Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described in detail.
请参见图1，图中所示的是一种机载设备的雷电间接效应防护结构，主要由一金属壳体1、一防雷滤波器3、一外部连接器5及一内部电路板6组成。 Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a lightning indirect effect protection structure for airborne equipment, which is mainly composed of a metal shell 1, a lightning protection filter 3, an external connector 5 and an internal circuit board 6 .
所述金属壳体由良导体构成，它能起到屏蔽雷电波的作用，使得雷电所产生的辐射能量不至于进入到机载设备内部。所述金属壳体至少具有一侧板和一底板。本实施例中，所述金属壳体为长方形盒体。所述金属壳体内形成有一容置空间10，所述金属壳体的所述侧板上具有一安装通孔11。所述底板通过安装角片8和紧固螺钉9设置于一飞机结构2上且所述底板与所述飞机结构为面接触。所述底板与所述飞机结构的配合面采用导电阳极化处理，并采用同类金属，以减少腐蚀的可能性。这里需要注意的是，角片安装螺钉仅仅提供结构上紧固的作用，真正的电气搭接由金属壳体与所述飞机结构的接触面的可靠接触而实现。 The metal casing is made of a good conductor, which can shield the lightning waves, so that the radiation energy generated by the lightning will not enter the interior of the airborne equipment. The metal shell has at least one side plate and a bottom plate. In this embodiment, the metal shell is a rectangular box. An accommodating space 10 is formed in the metal shell, and a mounting through hole 11 is formed on the side plate of the metal shell. The bottom plate is arranged on an aircraft structure 2 through the mounting angle pieces 8 and fastening screws 9 and the bottom plate is in surface contact with the aircraft structure. The mating surface of the bottom plate and the aircraft structure is treated with conductive anodization, and the same metal is used to reduce the possibility of corrosion. It should be noted here that the gusset mounting screws only provide structural fastening, and the real electrical bonding is realized by the reliable contact between the metal shell and the contact surface of the aircraft structure.
所述防雷滤波器设置于所述容置空间内并紧邻平行于所述安装通孔。所述防雷滤波器上具有防雷器件、接地端、输入连接端及输出连接端。其中，所述输入连接端系所述外部连接器连接。如图2所示，所述防雷器件的一端连接于所述输入连接端与所述输出端间，其另一端与所述接地端连接，所述防雷器件为TVS二极管，TVS二极管具有电压钳位范围窄，响应时间快，可靠性高的特点。。在TVS二极管的选择上，要根据外部雷电能量的大小而定，其选择参数包括离线电压，钳位电压范围，以及最大峰值能量等。在器件的选择时，要选用双向TVS管，因为雷电波可能正，也可能负，同时要考虑温度的降额系数，以满足飞机环境适应性的需要。所述接地端系通过所述搭接螺柱与所述金属壳体相连。所述搭接螺柱的搭接电阻小于5毫欧，所述搭接螺柱采用良导体材料，长度与其宽度的比值不超过5：1，以减小高频谐波阻抗，提供较低的交流阻抗，利于雷电能量的通过。 The lightning protection filter is arranged in the accommodating space and closely adjacent to and parallel to the installation through hole. The lightning protection filter has a lightning protection device, a ground terminal, an input connection terminal and an output connection terminal. Wherein, the input connection end is connected to the external connector. As shown in Figure 2, one end of the lightning protection device is connected between the input connection terminal and the output terminal, and the other end is connected to the ground terminal, the lightning protection device is a TVS diode, and the TVS diode has a voltage The clamping range is narrow, the response time is fast, and the reliability is high. . The selection of TVS diodes depends on the magnitude of the external lightning energy, and its selection parameters include off-line voltage, clamping voltage range, and maximum peak energy. In the selection of devices, bidirectional TVS tubes should be selected, because the lightning wave may be positive or negative, and the temperature derating factor must be considered to meet the needs of aircraft environmental adaptability. The ground terminal is connected to the metal shell through the lap stud. The lap resistance of the lap stud is less than 5 milliohms, the lap stud is made of good conductor material, and the ratio of the length to its width is not more than 5:1, so as to reduce the high-frequency harmonic impedance and provide a lower AC impedance, which is conducive to the passage of lightning energy.
所述外部连接器设置于所述安装通孔内。所述外部连接器用以将一雷电源与所述防雷滤波器电气相连。 The external connector is disposed in the installation through hole. The external connector is used to electrically connect a lightning power source with the lightning protection filter.
所述内部电路板设置于所述容置空间内并与所述防雷滤波器相分离，所述内部电路板与所述防雷滤波器相距一距离，所述距离控制在20mm以上，从物理空间上隔开一定的距离，以避免相互串扰。所述内部电路板通过一内部连接器7与所述防雷滤波器电气连接。 The internal circuit board is arranged in the accommodating space and is separated from the lightning protection filter, and the internal circuit board is separated from the lightning protection filter by a distance, and the distance is controlled to be more than 20 mm, physically Spatially separated by a certain distance to avoid crosstalk. The internal circuit board is electrically connected to the lightning protection filter through an internal connector 7 .
可见，雷电能量的唯一进入通道是所述外部连接器，通过外部连接器的插针，到所述防雷滤波器，经所述搭接螺柱，转至所述金属壳体，最后到达所述飞机结构。且在雷电能量到来之时，TVS二极管可以将雷电高压钳位在一定范围内，并将雷电能量通过前述的泄放途径导到所述飞机结构，使得所述内部电路板的电磁敏感元件不会受到影响。 It can be seen that the only entry channel for lightning energy is the external connector, through the pins of the external connector, to the lightning protection filter, through the overlapping studs, to the metal shell, and finally to the Describe the aircraft structure. And when the lightning energy arrives, the TVS diode can clamp the lightning high voltage within a certain range, and guide the lightning energy to the aircraft structure through the aforementioned discharge path, so that the electromagnetic sensitive components of the internal circuit board will not affected.
以上仅表达了本实用新型的实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对实用新型专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本实用新型的保护范围。因此，本实用新型专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。 The above only expresses the embodiment of the utility model, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the utility model, and these all belong to the protection scope of the utility model. Therefore, the scope of protection of the utility model patent should be based on the appended claims.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104578028A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 上海航空电器有限公司 | Lightning indirect effect protective structure of airborne equipment |
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| CN104578028A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 上海航空电器有限公司 | Lightning indirect effect protective structure of airborne equipment |
| CN104578028B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2019-03-05 | 上海航空电器有限公司 | A kind of lightning indirect effect protection structure of airborne equipment |
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Granted publication date: 20150624 |
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