CN204423763U - The rail set of checking kinematics formula - Google Patents
The rail set of checking kinematics formula Download PDFInfo
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- CN204423763U CN204423763U CN201520084805.9U CN201520084805U CN204423763U CN 204423763 U CN204423763 U CN 204423763U CN 201520084805 U CN201520084805 U CN 201520084805U CN 204423763 U CN204423763 U CN 204423763U
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- track
- steel ball
- support
- scale
- photoelectricity door
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Abstract
Verify a rail set for kinematics formula, belong to physical teaching aid.Comprise adjustable for height support, the scale of instruction distance, motion steel ball, current counter of computers, photoelectricity door, level meter, angle indicator and track, support stands on ground, described track support supports, the level meter indicating track level is equipped with in centre position, track front end, spring is equipped with in track front portion, steel ball, the horizontal direction of track is equipped with the horizontal ruler being used to refer to the horizontal shift of motion steel ball, vertical direction is equipped with the vertical scale being used to indicate motion steel ball vertical displacement, ground is provided with ground level scale, ground level scale contacts with vertical scale and becomes an angle of 90 degrees, on track, interval arranges twice photoelectricity door, and twice photoelectricity door is connected with current counter of computers respectively, and current counter of computers is placed in the top of track.Device arranges science, and experimentation and computation process simply, are convenient to student's understand and master.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of educational aid, particularly relates to the rail set of the checking kinematics formula used in a kind of physics teaching, and this device can verify that freely falling body peace throws movement characteristic and kinematics formula.
Background technology
Usually, when verifying kinematics formula in physics teaching, the gravity of the counterweight that can change by quality serves as external force, the dolly put in the plane is pulled by fixed pulley, by the time of manual time-keeping display moving of car, but in experimentation, manual time-keeping error is too large, and the systematic error that weight gravity and pulley rotation inertia cause is difficult to eliminate.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the many defects existed in prior art, the utility model provides a kind of measurement data to verify the rail set of kinematics formula accurately.
To achieve these goals, the utility model is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of rail set verifying kinematics formula, comprise adjustable for height support, the scale of instruction distance, motion steel ball, current counter of computers, photoelectricity door, level meter, angle indicator and track, support stands on ground, described track support supports, the level meter indicating track level is equipped with in centre position, track front end, spring is equipped with in track front portion, steel ball, the horizontal direction of track is equipped with the horizontal ruler being used to refer to the horizontal shift of motion steel ball, vertical direction is equipped with the vertical scale being used to indicate motion steel ball vertical displacement, ground is provided with ground level scale, ground level scale contacts with vertical scale and becomes an angle of 90 degrees, on track, interval arranges twice photoelectricity door, and twice photoelectricity door is connected with current counter of computers respectively, and current counter of computers is placed in the top of track.
As preferably, described support is divided into three-legged support and single foot support.
As preferably, described single foot support is telescope support, single foot support is equipped with the leveling nut for adjustable track level.
As preferably, described three-legged support is the telescope support of adjustable angle, three-legged support is equipped with inclination angle indicator.
As preferably, the distance between described twice photoelectricity door is adjustable, and distance values is shown by horizontal ruler.
As preferably, described track is made up of the smooth plank of scraping.
Adopt technique scheme, compared with prior art, the utility model incline device checking kinematics formula, two stands is adjusted to be in certain altitude and contour, leveling nut is regulated to make level meter instruction level, regulating the position of twice photoelectricity door to make the two keep at a certain distance away, making with letting go after the steel ball Compress Spring that quality is known it obtain orbital motion after certain initial velocity; With scale on rail set, the distance of steel ball along rail moving accurately can be measured by rod reading; By two on track photoelectricity door and current counter of computers, the instantaneous velocity of steel ball through two photoelectricity doors can be recorded.Checking is flat throw and the characteristics of motion of freely falling body time steel ball A from static, do uniformly accelrated rectilinear motion along track, and after the static steel ball B elastic collision equal with another quality, two ball speed exchange, A ball does the movement of falling object, B ball does level throw motion, by the moving displacement of vertical scale and ground level scale record steel ball.Device arranges science, and experimentation and computation process simply, are convenient to student's understand and master.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the flat throwing of checking and movement of falling object rule.
In figure, first photoelectricity door 1, current counter of computers 2, second photoelectricity door 3, vertical scale 4, single foot support 5, leveling nut 6, track 7, three-legged support 8, inclination angle indicator 9, steel ball A10, spring 11, level meter 12, track horizontal ruler 13, steel ball B14, ground level scale 15.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described.
The utility model discloses a kind of experimental provision verifying kinematics formula, this rail set is made up of the scale, motion steel ball, current counter of computers etc. of adjustable for height support, instruction distance.Concrete structure is shown in accompanying drawing 1.
The track 7 of the present embodiment is made up of the plank of scraping, and whole track 7 is supported by adjustable for height metal support, and metal support is divided into three-legged support 8 and single foot support 5.The adjustable angle of three-legged support 8 is telescopic supports.Single foot support 5 is also telescoping shoring column, single foot support 5 is equipped with the leveling nut 6 for adjustable track level.
The track 7 smooth plank of scraping is made, and is rectangular configuration.The length of whole track 7 is 100cm, width 50cm.The front portion of track 7 has the spring groove 13 for spring 11 movement.Three-legged support 8 is fixed on track 7 length 10cm place, single foot support 5 is fixed on track 7 length 90cm place, and two stands is parallel to each other and contour, track 7 single foot support 5 and three-legged support 8 support, with the triangular structure supporting track 7 of three-legged support 8, this set enhances the firm performance of track 7.Three-legged support 8, single foot support 5 two stands adopts telescopic support respectively, the adjustable liftable of height is in order to the height of adjustable track 7, the adjustable angle of three-legged support 8 is to change the inclination angle of track 7 simultaneously, single foot support 5 installs leveling nut 6 with the level of adjustable track 7, level meter 12 is equipped with in order to indicate the level of track 7 in centre position, track 7 front end, in order to regulate the inclination angle size of display track 7, mounted angle indicator 9 on three-legged support 8, the inclination angle size of track 7 is shown by inclination angle indicator 9, thus track 7 is tilted 0-45 degree angle, ensure that steel ball A10 does variable accelerated motion.
Level meter 12 is equipped with in the middle part of track 7 length width foremost, and level meter 12 adopts air-bubble level, is used to indicate the level of track 7.The transportable spring 11 in position is equipped with at distance level meter 12 5cm place, and spring 11 one end and spring groove 13 are fixed, the other end and steel ball A 10 press fit.The effect of spring 11 makes steel ball A10 obtain initial velocity by its elastic force.
The long limit of whole track 7 is covered with track horizontal ruler 5, be used to indicate the distance between twice photoelectricity door or the displacement of steel ball on track 7, the minor face of track 7 is covered with vertical scale 4 and is used to indicate the displacement that steel ball does level throw motion or the movement of falling object, when operation uses, workplace arranges ground level scale 15, and ground level scale 15 contacts with vertical scale 4 and becomes an angle of 90 degrees.The effect of ground level scale 15 is horizontal shifts of instruction level throw motion steel ball.
On the surface of whole track 7, interval arranges twice photoelectricity door, distance between first photoelectricity door 1 and second photoelectricity door 3 is adjustable, and the large I of distance between first photoelectricity door 1 and second photoelectricity door 3 is by track horizontal ruler 14 directly reading, the centre position spacing that usual first photoelectricity door 1 and second photoelectricity door 3 twice photoelectricity door are positioned at track 7 is about 50cm, with the width approximately equal of track 7, first, second twice photoelectricity door 1,3 is connected with current counter of computers 2 respectively by connecting line, and current counter of computers 2 is positioned at the top of track 7.
In order to make steel ball A10 obtain initial velocity, at the spring 11 that the installation site, surface of the 7cm foremost of the track 7 with steel ball A10 coaxial cable is adjustable, spring 11 is between level meter 12 and first photoelectricity door 1.
Checking is flat throw and the characteristics of motion of freely falling body time steel ball A10 from static, do uniformly accelrated rectilinear motion along track 7, and equal with another quality be still in the steel ball B16 elastic collision of track 7 least significant end after, two ball speed exchange, steel ball A10 does the movement of falling object, steel ball B16 does level throw motion, and the initial position that steel ball A10 moves is different, the pick-up point of steel ball B16 is just different.
Current counter of computers 2 of the present utility model, scale, level meter 12, twice photoelectricity door are commercially available prod.
Presentation process of the present utility model:
As shown in Figure 1, the height regulating three-legged support 8 and single foot support 5 is contour, the leveling nut 6 on single foot support 5 is regulated to make level meter 12 indicate track 7 to be in horizontality afterwards, the distance between first photoelectricity door 1 and second photoelectricity door 3 is now regulated to be s, the Compress Spring 11 that position is adjustable is between level meter 12 and photoelectricity door 1, steel ball A 10 Compress Spring obtains initial velocity, and the steel ball A 10 shown by current counter of computers 9 is respectively by the instantaneous velocity of photoelectricity door 1,3
,
if,
,
numerical approximation equal, because track 7 is plank of scraping, motion steel ball A 10 is approximate to move with uniform velocity, now the angle of adjustable three-legged support 8 makes track 7 there is certain inclination angle theta, the size of θ is shown by inclination angle indicator 9, do uniformly accelrated rectilinear motion after the existence guarantee steel ball A10 Compress Spring 11 of θ, the acceleration that can obtain steel ball A10 motion according to the force analysis of mechanics is
, the position of first, second road photoelectricity door 1,3 mobile, changes the distance s between twice photoelectricity door, can record the speed of a series of steel balls corresponding with distance s through first, second road photoelectricity door 1,3
,
, describe
relation curve, checking kinematics formula
, recording by computer general-purpose calculator 2 time that steel ball A10 moves to second photoelectricity door 3 used from first photoelectricity door 1 is
, describe
with the time
relation curve, demonstrate
, the instantaneous velocity of intermediate time is equaled according to the average velocity in above experimental data checking uniform variable motion process.
As shown in Figure 2, when the characteristics of motion of throwing and freely falling body is equalled in checking, the inclination angle of track 7 is still θ, steel ball A10 does uniformly accelrated rectilinear motion along track 7 from static, and equal with another quality be still in the steel ball B16 elastic collision of track 7 least significant end after, two ball speed exchange, steel ball A10 ball does the movement of falling object, steel ball B16 does level throw motion, and the initial position that steel ball A10 moves is different, then the end speed of steel ball A10 is just different, and the speed of collision rift steel ball B16 changes thereupon, thus the pick-up point of steel ball B16 is just different.
Concrete verification method embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, the height regulating three-legged support 8 and single foot support 5 is contour, the leveling nut 6 on single foot support 5 is regulated to make level meter 12 indicate track 7 to be in horizontality afterwards, the distance between first, second road photoelectricity door 1,3 is now regulated to be s, the Compress Spring 11 that position is adjustable is between level meter 12 and first photoelectricity door 1, steel ball A10 Compress Spring 11 obtains initial velocity, and the steel ball A10 shown by current counter of computers 2 is respectively by the instantaneous velocity of first, second road photoelectricity door 1,3
,
if,
,
numerical approximation equal, because track 7 is plank of scraping, motion steel ball A10 is approximate to move with uniform velocity, now the angle of adjustable three-legged support 8 makes track 7 there is certain inclination angle theta, the size of θ is shown by inclination angle indicator 9, do uniformly accelrated rectilinear motion after the existence guarantee steel ball A10 Compress Spring 11 of θ, the acceleration that can obtain steel ball A10 motion according to the force analysis of mechanics is
, the position of first, second road photoelectricity door 1,3 mobile, changes the distance s between twice photoelectricity door, can record the speed of a series of steel balls corresponding with distance s through first, second road photoelectricity door 1,3
,
, describe
relation curve, the inclination angle that can obtain this curve is 45 degree, thus checking kinematics formula
, recording by counter the time that steel ball A10 moves to second photoelectricity door 3 used from first photoelectricity door 1 is
, describe
with the time
relation curve, rate of curve is constant, and size is
, demonstrate thus
this formula is substituted into
obtain
, according to the corresponding different displacement of above experimental data
the run duration of steel ball is
, the average velocity of steel ball in different motion situation can be calculated thus
, then steel ball is in the speed of intermediate time
, i.e. average velocity in uniform variable motion process equals the instantaneous velocity of intermediate time.
The formula checking being zero uniformly accelerated motion for initial velocity only need by the initial velocity in above-mentioned formula
substitute into zero can verify, and need by the acceleration in above-mentioned formula for the formula checking of linear uniform motion
substitute into zero can verify.
As shown in Figure 2, when the characteristics of motion of throwing and freely falling body is equalled in checking, the inclination angle of track 7 is still θ, initial velocity is obtained after static steel ball A10 Compress Spring 11, steel ball B16 is made to be still in the least significant end of track 7, after the position guarantee steel ball A10 of steel ball B16 and steel ball B16 elasticity bump against, steel ball A10 does the movement of falling object, and steel ball B16 does level throw motion.After what steel ball A10 was equal with another quality be still in the steel ball B16 elastic collision of track 7 least significant end, two ball speed exchange, steel ball A10 ball does the movement of falling object, steel ball B16 does level throw motion, and the distance of steel ball A10 distance steel ball B16 is followed successively by 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm, then two balls steel ball A10 speed after track end elastic collision is zero, with above-mentioned apart from the corresponding ratio touching the speed that rear steel ball B16 obtains is
, experiment proof two steel ball A10, B16 can land simultaneously, and namely the run duration of two balls is identical, and the ratio of distances constant of two ball pick-up points is
, thus prove that level throw motion steel ball B16 horizontal direction is linear uniform motion, vertical direction is all freely falling body mutually with steel ball A10 motion conditions, and therefore the kinematics formula of level throw motion steel ball B16 is:
,
wherein
for acceleration of gravity,
for level and vertical displacement,
for run duration, and before collision, the distance of steel ball A10 and steel ball B16 is far away, then after collision, the pick-up point of steel ball B16 is far away.
Claims (6)
1. verify the rail set of kinematics formula for one kind, comprise adjustable for height support, the scale of instruction distance, motion steel ball, current counter of computers, photoelectricity door, level meter, angle indicator and track, support stands on ground, it is characterized in that, described track support supports, the level meter indicating track level is equipped with in centre position, track front end, spring is equipped with in track front portion, steel ball, the horizontal direction of track is equipped with the horizontal ruler being used to refer to the horizontal shift of motion steel ball, vertical direction is equipped with the vertical scale being used to indicate motion steel ball vertical displacement, ground is provided with ground level scale, ground level scale contacts with vertical scale and becomes an angle of 90 degrees, on track, interval arranges twice photoelectricity door, and twice photoelectricity door is connected with current counter of computers respectively, and current counter of computers is placed in the top of track.
2. the rail set of checking kinematics formula according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described support is divided into three-legged support and single foot support.
3. the rail set of checking kinematics formula according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described single foot support is telescope support, single foot support is equipped with the leveling nut for adjustable track level.
4. the rail set of checking kinematics formula according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described three-legged support is the telescope support of adjustable angle, three-legged support is equipped with inclination angle indicator.
5. the rail set of checking kinematics formula according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the distance between described twice photoelectricity door is adjustable, and distance values is shown by horizontal ruler.
6. the rail set of checking kinematics formula according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described track is made up of the smooth plank of scraping.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520084805.9U CN204423763U (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2015-02-06 | The rail set of checking kinematics formula |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520084805.9U CN204423763U (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2015-02-06 | The rail set of checking kinematics formula |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204423763U true CN204423763U (en) | 2015-06-24 |
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ID=53474113
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520084805.9U Expired - Fee Related CN204423763U (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2015-02-06 | The rail set of checking kinematics formula |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204423763U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104575189A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-04-29 | 唐山学院 | Track device for verifying kinematic formula |
-
2015
- 2015-02-06 CN CN201520084805.9U patent/CN204423763U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104575189A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-04-29 | 唐山学院 | Track device for verifying kinematic formula |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150624 Termination date: 20170206 |