CN204407951U - Wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit - Google Patents
Wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN204407951U CN204407951U CN201520051459.4U CN201520051459U CN204407951U CN 204407951 U CN204407951 U CN 204407951U CN 201520051459 U CN201520051459 U CN 201520051459U CN 204407951 U CN204407951 U CN 204407951U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit, comprise battery pack, current acquisition unit, analog front-end unit, microcontroller chip and single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit, first end and second end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit are series between the negative pole of battery pack and load, and the 3rd end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit is connected to form second servo loop with load with the positive pole of battery pack, the control end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit be connected with microcontroller chip with receive microcontroller chip brownout or discharging current excessive time the pwm signal that sends according to pwm signal conducting discharge loop or second servo loop to regulate discharging current.Compared with prior art, the utility model solely brownout or discharging current excessive time, microcontroller chip output pwm signal to single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit with conducting or cut-off discharge loop and then restriction or the discharging current that reduces gradually in discharge loop, achieve automatic slowly and stop electric unicycle, and without the need to relying on the assistance of driver.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to li-ion cell protection technical field, relates to a kind of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit more specifically.
Background technology
Li-ion cell protection system is in the application that some is special, and such as electric unicycle, exists certain safety problem.Electric unicycle is in ride, battery constantly discharges, when battery core voltage reaches under-voltage or discharging current is excessive, discharge loop can be turned off immediately, now electric unicycle can stop suddenly, wheelbarrow driver therefore disequilibrium, extremely easily causes dropping from electric unicycle, causes personal injury.
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram of wheelbarrow li-ion cell protection system in prior art; as shown in Figure 1; when AFE (analog front end) detects battery core brownout or discharging current is excessive; send alarm signal by microcontroller and produce sound alarm to drive the audible devices such as buzzer; driver initiatively stops electric unicycle after hearing the alarm sound; electric motor car stops completely; discharging current is zero; and then the microcontroller metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 that will discharge closes; electric unicycle cannot start again; battery core can not be discharged again, thus reaches the effect of protection battery core.
But, the protection of battery protection system shown in Fig. 1 performs to be needed to complete under the assistance of driver, cause many uncertainties, such as when battery core voltage is too low, buzzer sends alarm call, but driver fails to hear the alarm sound due to external environment condition reason, is not shut down by electric single-wheel car body, continuation is also discharged by battery, and final battery core is crossed and put damage; Or when discharging current is excessive, buzzer sends alarm call, but driver fails to shut down in time, the big current continued may be caused to burn the problems such as device in discharge loop and circuit and occur.Meanwhile, driver initiatively stops electric unicycle after hearing the alarm sound, and electric motor car stops completely, discharging current is zero, and namely electric unicycle can stop suddenly, the easy therefore disequilibrium of wheelbarrow driver, extremely easily cause dropping from electric unicycle, cause personal injury.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit; with realize battery core brownout or discharging current excessive time; do not rely on the auxiliary of driver and automatically slowly stop; reduce load supplying electric current gradually, and then avoid the unfavorable conditions such as the unexpected tumble injury of driver that causes because electric unicycle stops suddenly.
For achieving the above object, the utility model provides a kind of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit, comprise battery pack, current acquisition unit, analog front-end unit, microcontroller chip and single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit, between the positive pole of described battery pack and negative pole, series load is to form discharge loop, described analog front-end unit is connected with each battery core in described battery pack and described microcontroller chip, in order to gather the voltage of described battery pack and to transfer to described microcontroller chip, described microcontroller chip is connected to obtain the discharging current in described discharge loop with described current acquisition unit, the first end of described single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit and the second end are series between the negative pole of described battery pack and described load, and the 3rd end of described single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit is connected to form second servo loop with described load with the positive pole of described battery pack, the control end of described single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit be connected with described microcontroller chip to receive described microcontroller chip brownout or described discharging current excessive time the pwm signal that sends, and according to described pwm signal conducting discharge loop or described second servo loop to regulate described discharging current.
Compared with prior art; the utility model wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit is when brownout being detected or discharging current is excessive; microcontroller chip output pwm signal is to single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit; single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit is according to the pwm signal conducting received or cut-off discharge loop and then restriction or the discharging current that reduces gradually in discharge loop; achieve automatic slowly and stop electric unicycle; and without the need to relying on the assistance of driver, also can not stop suddenly due to moment and unexpected injury be caused to driver.
Preferably, described single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit comprises metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, sustained diode and inductance L, the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with the negative pole of described battery pack, the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with the anode of the first end of described inductance L and described sustained diode, the negative electrode of described sustained diode is connected with the positive pole of described battery pack, the grid of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with described microcontroller chip, and the second end of described inductance L is connected with described load.
Preferably, described current acquisition unit is directly connected with described microcontroller chip or is connect in succession by described analog front-end unit and described microcontroller chip chamber.
Preferably, described current acquisition unit comprises sampling resistor R, and the two ends of described sampling resistor R are connected with two input pins of described microcontroller chip respectively.
Preferably, described pwm signal is to fix in the cycle and the signal that reduces gradually of duty ratio or cycle are fixed and the constant signal of duty ratio.
Preferably, described wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit also comprises warning circuit, and described warning circuit is connected with an output pin of described microcontroller chip, for the brownout of described battery pack or described discharging current excessive time report to the police.
Preferably, described warning circuit comprises triode Q5, Q6, buzzer J3, resistance R36, R37, R38, R39 and diode D17, the first end of described resistance R39 is connected with the described output pin of described microcontroller chip, second end of described resistance R39 is connected with the base stage of described triode Q6, the grounded emitter of described triode Q6, the plus earth of the collector electrode of described triode Q6 and one end of described buzzer J3 and described diode D17, the negative electrode of described diode D17 is connected with the first end of the base stage of described triode Q5 and described resistance R37, second end of described resistance R37 is connected with the first end of the positive pole of described battery pack and described resistance R36, second end of described resistance R36 is connected with the collector electrode of described triode Q5, the emitter of described triode Q5 is connected with the other end of described buzzer J3 by described resistance R38.
By following description also by reference to the accompanying drawings, the utility model will become more clear, and these accompanying drawings are for explaining embodiment of the present utility model.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit structure diagram of wheelbarrow li-ion cell protection system in prior art.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of the utility model wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit one embodiment in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the oscillogram of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit pwm signal and discharging current when limiting discharging current in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the oscillogram of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit pwm signal and discharging current when reducing discharging current gradually in Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of another embodiment of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit in Fig. 2.
Embodiment
With reference now to accompanying drawing, describe embodiment of the present utility model, element numbers similar in accompanying drawing represents similar element.
Please refer to Fig. 2 to Fig. 3, the utility model provides a kind of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit 100, comprise battery pack 10, current acquisition unit 12, analog front-end unit 14, microcontroller chip 16 and single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18, wherein between the positive pole of battery pack 10 and negative pole series load to form discharge loop, analog front-end unit 14 is connected with each battery core in battery pack 10 and microcontroller chip 16, in order to gather the voltage of battery pack 10 and to transfer to microcontroller chip 16, microcontroller chip 16 is connected the discharging current obtained in discharge loop with current acquisition unit 12, between the negative pole that the first end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18 and the second end are series at battery pack 10 and load, and the 3rd end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18 is connected to form second servo loop with load with the positive pole of battery pack 10, the control end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18 be connected with microcontroller chip 16 to receive microcontroller chip 16 brownout or discharging current excessive time the pwm signal that sends, and according to pwm signal conducting discharge loop or second servo loop to regulate discharging current.Wherein pwm signal is to fix in the cycle and the signal that reduces gradually of duty ratio or cycle are fixed and the constant signal of duty ratio, when pwm signal be fix in the cycle and duty ratio reduce gradually signal time, 0 can be decreased to gradually by controlled discharge electric current, when PWN signal be fix in the cycle and duty ratio constant signal time, a less numerical value can be remained on by controlled discharge electric current.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 3, single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18 comprises metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, sustained diode and inductance L, the source electrode (i.e. the first end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18 and the one in the second end) of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with the negative pole B-of battery pack 10, the drain electrode of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with the anode of the first end of inductance L and sustained diode, the negative electrode (i.e. the 3rd end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18) of sustained diode is connected with the positive pole B+ of battery pack 10, the grid (i.e. the control end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18) of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 and the connection of microcontroller chip 16, second end (i.e. the first end of single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18 and the another one in the second end) of inductance L is connected with load.In addition, current acquisition unit 12 is directly connected with microcontroller chip 16 or is indirectly connected with microcontroller chip 16 by analog front-end unit 14, in the present embodiment, current acquisition unit 12 is directly connected with microcontroller chip 16, eliminate the transmitting procedure by analog front-end unit 14, more can guarantee the real-time of current acquisition.Concrete, current acquisition unit 12 comprises sampling resistor R, sampling resistor R is series in discharge loop and the two ends of sampling resistor R and is connected with two input pins of microcontroller chip 16 respectively, microcontroller chip 16 can calculate according to the voltage at the resistance of sampling resistor R and its two ends the electric current flowing through sampling resistor R, is also the discharging current in discharge loop.It should be noted that; the circuit structure of current acquisition unit 12 is not restricted to this; any can according to formula: the circuit structure that U=I*R calculates discharging current all belongs to the scope of the utility model protection; as current acquisition unit 12 comprises two or more resistance parallel with one another, the two ends of parallel resistance are connected with microcontroller chip 16.
Please refer to Fig. 3 again, battery pack 10 comprises multiple battery core V1, V2 ... .Vn-1, Vn, analog front-end unit 14 and each battery core V1, V2 ... .Vn-1, the two ends of Vn connect, by each the battery core V1, the V2 that collect ... .Vn-1, the voltage at Vn two ends, analog front-end unit 14 can calculate the voltage of battery pack 10, and by analog front-end unit 14 and the communication connection of microcontroller chip 16, voltage is passed to microcontroller chip 16.Wherein analog front-end unit 14 can be special integrated IC, also can for the same purposes circuit built by discrete device, and in the present embodiment, analog front-end unit 14 adopts special integrated IC, and its model is ML5238.
The operation principle of the utility model wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit 100 is described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 3 to Fig. 6:
After P+ and the P-termination of wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit 100 enters load, form discharge loop as shown in Figure 3, when electric unicycle normally runs, the high level of microcontroller chip 16 stable output, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is in opening all the time, and the current i L in inductance L is constant current value I0;
When wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit 100 needs to limit the discharging current in discharge loop, microcontroller chip 16 with the constant pwm signal of a certain fixed frequency output duty cycle to the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is according to the pwm signal conducting received or cut-off, the conducting of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 or cut-off waveform are as shown in Figure 4 (waveform of pwm signal is consistent with the waveform of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 conducting or cut-off), the conducting of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 or cut-off make the current i L in inductance L change as shown in Figure 4, as shown in Figure 4: when metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 opens, inductance L is in the discharge loop that battery pack 10 and load form, current i L in inductance L continues to rise, when metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 closes, inductance L and sustained diode, load forms another discharge loop, current i L continuous decrease, therefore in the one-period of pwm signal, the mean value of the current i L in inductance L is less than I0, therefore the electric current flowing through inductance L is limited, by changing the duty ratio of pwm signal, namely can the current i L in inductance L be regulated and controled.
When brownout in electric unicycle (being detected by the voltage acquisition end of analog front-end unit 14) or discharging current excessive (being detected by the sampling resistor R be connected with microcontroller chip 16), the PWM waveform that microcontroller chip 16 reduces gradually with a certain fixed frequency output duty cycle is to the grid of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is according to the pwm signal conducting received or cut-off, and its conducting or cut-off waveform (being also pwm signal waveform) are as shown in Figure 5.As shown in Figure 5; because the time of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 conducting in each cycle shortens gradually; therefore the current i L in inductance L also reduces gradually; through the adjustment in multiple cycle; the mean value of the current i L in inductance L will reduce gradually; therefore the electric current flowing through load in discharge loop also reduces gradually, and then causes electric unicycle motor speed to reduce gradually, finally reaches the object of slow autostop.
Compared with prior art; the utility model wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit 100 is when brownout being detected or discharging current is excessive; microcontroller chip 16 output pwm signal is to single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18; single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18 is according to the pwm signal conducting received or the discharging current ending discharge loop and then reduce gradually in discharge loop; achieve automatic slowly and stop electric unicycle; and without the need to relying on the assistance of driver, also can not stop suddenly due to moment and unexpected injury be caused to driver.
It should be noted that, the frequency of pwm signal is between 100kHz to 500kHz, its actual numerical value depends on the induction reactance value of inductance L and the volume of inductance L, and the pwm signal that microcontroller chip exports can carry out opened loop control and also can carry out closed-loop control, namely only opened loop control is undertaken exporting limit discharging current or reduce discharging current gradually by the pwm signal preset, and does not carry out Real-Time Monitoring to discharging current and adjust pwm signal in real time; Closed-loop control refers to that microcontroller chip monitors the discharging current in discharge loop in real time, and produces corresponding pwm signal according to the discharging current size in discharge loop and limit discharging current or reduce discharging current gradually.
Please refer to Fig. 6 again, is the circuit diagram of another embodiment of the utility model wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit 100 '.As shown in Figure 6, wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit 100 ' comprises battery pack 10 ', current acquisition unit 12 ', analog front-end unit 14 ', micro-control unit 16 ', single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit 18 ' and warning circuit 19 ', wherein current acquisition unit 12 ' is connected with analog front-end unit 14 ', the peripheral circuit that analog front-end unit 14 ' comprises special integrated chip U1 and analog front-end chip U1 is normally worked, the model of analog front-end chip U1 is ML5238, the peripheral circuit that micro-control unit 16 ' comprises microcontroller chip U2 and microcontroller chip U2 is normally worked, concrete circuit connecting relation refers to Fig. 6, wherein the model of microcontroller chip U2 is STM8L051F3, battery pack 10 ' comprises 17 battery core B1-to B16.Concrete, the voltage detecting pin 3 to 19 of analog front-end chip U1 is connected gather the information of voltage of each battery core and then obtain the voltage of battery pack 10 ' with 17 battery cores of battery pack 10 ' respectively; Current acquisition unit 12 ' comprises electric capacity C30, C31, resistance R22, R23, RBCS1 and RBCS2, and wherein the annexation of each element as shown in Figure 6, is not described in detail herein.Warning circuit 19 ' is connected with an output pin of microcontroller chip U2, for the brownout of battery pack 10 ' or discharging current excessive time report to the police.Concrete, warning circuit 19 ' comprises triode Q5, Q6, buzzer J3, resistance R36, R37, R38, R39 and diode D17, the first end of resistance R39 is connected with the output pin of microcontroller chip U2, second end of resistance R39 is connected with the base stage of triode Q6, the grounded emitter of triode Q6, the plus earth of the collector electrode of triode Q6 and one end of buzzer J3 and diode D17, the negative electrode of diode D17 is connected with the first end of the base stage of triode Q5 and resistance R37, second end of resistance R37 is connected with the first end of the positive pole of battery pack and resistance R36, second end of resistance R36 is connected with the collector electrode of triode Q5, the emitter of triode Q5 is connected with the other end of buzzer J3 by resistance R38.
More than in conjunction with most preferred embodiment, the utility model is described, but the utility model is not limited to the embodiment of above announcement, and should contain various carry out according to essence of the present utility model amendment, equivalent combinations.
Claims (7)
1. a wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit, comprise battery pack, current acquisition unit, analog front-end unit and microcontroller chip, between the positive pole of described battery pack and negative pole, series load is to form discharge loop, described analog front-end unit is connected with each battery core in described battery pack and described microcontroller chip, in order to gather the voltage of described battery pack and to transfer to described microcontroller chip, described microcontroller chip is connected to obtain the discharging current in described discharge loop with described current acquisition unit, it is characterized in that, also comprise single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit, the first end of described single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit and the second end are series between the negative pole of described battery pack and described load, and the 3rd end of described single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit is connected to form second servo loop with described load with the positive pole of described battery pack, the control end of described single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit be connected with described microcontroller chip to receive described microcontroller chip the brownout of described battery pack or described discharging current excessive time the pwm signal that sends, and according to described pwm signal conducting discharge loop or described second servo loop to regulate described discharging current.
2. wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; described single-ended reverse exciting circuit unit comprises metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, sustained diode and inductance L; the source electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with the negative pole of described battery pack; the drain electrode of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with the anode of the first end of described inductance L and described sustained diode; the negative electrode of described sustained diode is connected with the positive pole of described battery pack; the grid of described metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 is connected with described microcontroller chip, and the second end of described inductance L is connected with described load.
3. wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described current acquisition unit is directly connected with described microcontroller chip or is connect in succession by described analog front-end unit and described microcontroller chip chamber.
4. wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described current acquisition unit comprises sampling resistor R, and the two ends of described sampling resistor R are connected with two input pins of described microcontroller chip respectively.
5. the wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit as described in any one of Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, described pwm signal is to fix in the cycle and the signal that reduces gradually of duty ratio or cycle are fixed and the constant signal of duty ratio.
6. wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; also comprise warning circuit, described warning circuit is connected with an output pin of described microcontroller chip, for the brownout of described battery pack or described discharging current excessive time report to the police.
7. wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described warning circuit comprises triode Q5, Q6, buzzer J3, resistance R36, R37, R38, R39 and diode D17, the first end of described resistance R39 is connected with the described output pin of described microcontroller chip, second end of described resistance R39 is connected with the base stage of described triode Q6, the grounded emitter of described triode Q6, the plus earth of the collector electrode of described triode Q6 and one end of described buzzer J3 and described diode D17, the negative electrode of described diode D17 is connected with the first end of the base stage of described triode Q5 and described resistance R37, second end of described resistance R37 is connected with the first end of the positive pole of described battery pack and described resistance R36, second end of described resistance R36 is connected with the collector electrode of described triode Q5, the emitter of described triode Q5 is connected with the other end of described buzzer J3 by described resistance R38.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520051459.4U CN204407951U (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | Wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201520051459.4U CN204407951U (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | Wheelbarrow lithium battery protection circuit |
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| CN204407951U true CN204407951U (en) | 2015-06-17 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108418184A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-08-17 | 天津爱玛车业科技有限公司 | discharge detection circuit and system |
| CN113241823A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-10 | 任谦 | Voltage regulating circuit and method for simulating discharge characteristic of primary battery based on fixed duty ratio |
-
2015
- 2015-01-23 CN CN201520051459.4U patent/CN204407951U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108418184A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-08-17 | 天津爱玛车业科技有限公司 | discharge detection circuit and system |
| CN113241823A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-10 | 任谦 | Voltage regulating circuit and method for simulating discharge characteristic of primary battery based on fixed duty ratio |
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Effective date of registration: 20200810 Address after: Building 2, 3 and 4, Xiulin SME Incubation Park, No. 71, Shishou Avenue, Shishou Economic Development Zone, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province Patentee after: Hubei delneng New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 523000, No. 243 North Long Road, Lane head, Dalang Town, Dongguan, Guangdong Patentee before: DONGGUAN DRN NEW ENERGY Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20210414 Address after: 464000 No.76, Liuwa Industrial Park, Xinyang high tech Zone, Henan Province Patentee after: Henan Dexi new energy Co.,Ltd. Address before: 434000 Building 2, 3 and 4, Xiulin small and medium sized Enterprise Incubation Park, No. 71, Shishou Avenue, Shishou Economic Development Zone, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province Patentee before: Hubei delneng New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20211103 Address after: 434499 Room 401, building 4, Xiulin SME Incubation Park, No. 71, Shishou Avenue, Shishou Economic Development Zone, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province (self declaration) Patentee after: Hubei DEX new energy Co.,Ltd. Address before: 464000 No.76, Liuwa Industrial Park, Xinyang high tech Zone, Henan Province Patentee before: Henan Dexi new energy Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20221026 Address after: Room 1530, Block B, Fenghui Times Technology Center, Shijia Community, Matian Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000 Patentee after: Shenzhen Electric Genie Sales Co.,Ltd. Address before: 434499 Room 401, building 4, Xiulin SME Incubation Park, No. 71, Shishou Avenue, Shishou Economic Development Zone, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province (self declaration) Patentee before: Hubei DEX new energy Co.,Ltd. |