CN204404813U - A kind of screw expander that adopts drags sintering waste heat generating system - Google Patents
A kind of screw expander that adopts drags sintering waste heat generating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN204404813U CN204404813U CN201420772324.2U CN201420772324U CN204404813U CN 204404813 U CN204404813 U CN 204404813U CN 201420772324 U CN201420772324 U CN 201420772324U CN 204404813 U CN204404813 U CN 204404813U
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种采用螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电系统。系统包括烧结矿立式冷却装置、烧结机、风箱、主烟道、除尘器、第一电动风机、第一风机、第一螺杆膨胀机、热管余热锅炉、补汽凝汽式汽轮机、烟囱、发电机、冷凝器、第一水泵、第二水泵、第三水泵、除氧器、第四水泵、第五水泵、双进气双压余热锅炉、冷风进气阀、第二电动风机、第二螺杆膨胀机、第二风机、放散阀、除尘器、烧结矿立式冷却装置进风室、烧结矿立式冷却装置低温出风室、烧结矿立式冷却装置中温出风室、烧结矿立式冷却装置高温出风室。本实用新型不仅能高效回收烧结余热余能，提高发电效率，而且大幅度节约了设备运行所需能耗，对钢铁企业节能减排具有重要的意义。
The utility model discloses a sintering waste heat power generation system driven by a screw expander. The system includes a sinter vertical cooling device, a sintering machine, an air box, a main flue, a dust collector, the first electric fan, the first fan, the first screw expander, a heat pipe waste heat boiler, a steam-enhancing condensing turbine, a chimney, and a power generation machine, condenser, first water pump, second water pump, third water pump, deaerator, fourth water pump, fifth water pump, double-intake double-pressure waste heat boiler, cold air inlet valve, second electric fan, second screw Expander, second fan, relief valve, dust collector, sinter vertical cooling device inlet chamber, sinter vertical cooling device low temperature outlet chamber, sinter vertical cooling device medium temperature outlet chamber, sinter vertical cooling Install high temperature outlet chamber. The utility model can not only efficiently recycle sintering waste heat and energy, improve power generation efficiency, but also greatly save energy consumption required for equipment operation, which is of great significance to energy conservation and emission reduction of iron and steel enterprises.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本实用新型涉及一种采用螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电系统，特别是同时高效回收烧结机主烟道烟气余热和烧结矿立式冷却装置废气余热的一种装置，属高温颗粒余热回收利用设备及技术领域。 The utility model relates to a sintering waste heat power generation system driven by a screw expander, especially a device for simultaneously efficiently recovering the waste heat of the main flue gas of the sintering machine and the waste heat of the waste gas of the sinter vertical cooling device, which belongs to the recovery and utilization of high-temperature particle waste heat Equipment and technical field.
背景技术 Background technique
钢铁产业是国家的重要基础工业和国民经济的支柱产业。目前，我国钢铁产业发展迅速，成就巨大，但是我国钢铁产业高速发展的同时，能源高耗问题严重，钢铁产业节能形势异常严峻。 The iron and steel industry is an important basic industry of the country and a pillar industry of the national economy. At present, my country's iron and steel industry is developing rapidly and has made great achievements. However, with the rapid development of my country's iron and steel industry, the problem of high energy consumption is serious, and the situation of energy conservation in the iron and steel industry is extremely severe.
中国钢铁行业的工序主要包括焦化、烧结、球团、炼铁、转炉、电炉和轧钢。烧结工序能耗约占钢铁生产总能耗的11%，降低烧结能耗对于提高钢铁企业的经济效益具有重要意义。随着烧结工艺流程的不断优化，烧结余热的回收利用已成为降低烧结能耗的有力措施之一。烧结过程有两部分余热可回收利用，分别是烧结机风箱内的烟气余热回收和烧结终了时热成品矿的显热回收。回收利用这两部分热量是烧结工序节能的重要环节，对烧结生产节能增效、降低成本起着重大的作用。 The processes in China's steel industry mainly include coking, sintering, pelletizing, ironmaking, converter, electric furnace and steel rolling. The energy consumption of the sintering process accounts for about 11% of the total energy consumption of iron and steel production. Reducing the energy consumption of sintering is of great significance for improving the economic benefits of iron and steel enterprises. With the continuous optimization of the sintering process, the recovery and utilization of sintering waste heat has become one of the powerful measures to reduce sintering energy consumption. In the sintering process, there are two parts of waste heat that can be recycled, which are the waste heat recovery of the flue gas in the wind box of the sintering machine and the sensible heat recovery of the hot finished ore at the end of sintering. The recovery and utilization of these two parts of heat is an important part of energy saving in the sintering process, and plays a major role in energy saving, efficiency enhancement and cost reduction of sintering production.
目前，我国烧结工序节能中对烧结机风箱内的烟气余热回收利用率较低，广泛应用的回收热成品矿显热的环式冷却机又存在漏风率高等缺陷，而国家专利“用于烧结余热发电系统的立式螺旋叉流冷却换热装置及其方法”（专利号201410280340.4）中公开的烧结矿立式冷却装置不仅消除了设备的漏风，而且能实现余热梯级利用，提高余热回收率。 At present, in my country's sintering process energy saving, the recycling rate of waste heat of flue gas in the sintering machine bellows is low, and the widely used annular cooler for recovering sensible heat of finished ore has defects such as high air leakage rate, while the national patent "used for sintering The sinter vertical cooling device disclosed in "Vertical spiral cross-flow cooling heat exchange device and method for waste heat power generation system" (Patent No. 201410280340.4) not only eliminates the air leakage of the equipment, but also realizes cascaded utilization of waste heat and improves the recovery rate of waste heat.
在烧结余热利用过程中，一般将余热通过汽轮机发电，但汽轮机对蒸汽品质要求较高，烧结余热产生的蒸汽很难完全达到要求，致使汽轮机发电效率不高。为了克服此缺陷，本系统通过引入对蒸汽工作品质要求不高(250℃以下、1.5MPa以下)的螺杆膨胀机与补汽凝汽式汽轮机共同工作，综合利用品质不同的蒸汽，从而大幅度提高能量利用效率。 In the process of sintering waste heat utilization, the waste heat is generally used to generate electricity through steam turbines, but steam turbines have high requirements for steam quality, and the steam generated by sintering waste heat is difficult to fully meet the requirements, resulting in low power generation efficiency of steam turbines. In order to overcome this defect, the system introduces a screw expander that does not require high steam working quality (below 250°C, below 1.5MPa) to work together with a steam-enhancing condensing turbine, and comprehensively utilizes steam with different qualities, thereby greatly improving energy efficiency.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种采用螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电系统。 The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a sintering waste heat power generation system driven by a screw expander.
本实用新型通过以下技术方案来实现： The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:
螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电系统包括烧结矿立式冷却装置、烧结机、风箱、主烟道、除尘器、第一电动风机、第一风机、第一螺杆膨胀机、热管余热锅炉、补汽凝汽式汽轮机、烟囱、发电机、冷凝器、第一水泵、第二水泵、第三水泵、除氧器、第四水泵、第五水泵、双进气双压余热锅炉、冷风进气阀、第二电动风机、第二螺杆膨胀机、第二风机、放散阀、除尘器、烧结矿立式冷却装置进风室、烧结矿立式冷却装置低温出风室、烧结矿立式冷却装置中温出风室、烧结矿立式冷却装置高温出风室。 The screw expander dragging sintering waste heat power generation system includes sintering vertical cooling device, sintering machine, bellows, main flue, dust collector, first electric fan, first fan, first screw expander, heat pipe waste heat boiler, supplementary steam Condensing steam turbine, chimney, generator, condenser, first water pump, second water pump, third water pump, deaerator, fourth water pump, fifth water pump, double inlet and double pressure waste heat boiler, cold air inlet valve, The second electric fan, the second screw expander, the second fan, the release valve, the dust collector, the air inlet chamber of the sinter vertical cooling device, the low temperature outlet chamber of the sinter vertical cooling device, and the middle temperature outlet of the sinter vertical cooling device Air chamber, high temperature air outlet chamber of sinter vertical cooling device.
烧结矿立式冷却装置高温出风室、除尘器、双进气双压余热锅炉、补汽凝汽式汽轮机、发电机顺次相连，烧结矿立式冷却装置中温出风室、除尘器、双进气双压余热锅炉、第二螺杆膨胀机、第三水泵、冷凝器、第一水泵、除氧器顺次相连，除氧器出口分成两路，一路经第五水泵与双进气双压余热锅炉的冷水进口相连，另一路经第四水泵、热管余热锅炉、补汽凝汽式汽轮机补汽进口顺次相连，烧结机内设有风箱，风箱、主烟道、除尘器顺次相连，除尘器分别与第一电动风机入口、第一风机入口相连，第一电动风机出口、第一风机出口分别经热管余热锅炉与烟囱相连，第一螺杆膨胀机与第一风机相连，第二螺杆膨胀机与第二风机相连，烧结矿立式冷却装置低温出风室经除尘器分别与双进气双压余热锅炉废气出口、冷风进气阀、第二电动风机入口、第二风机入口相连，第二电动风机出口、第二风机出口经放散阀与烧结矿立式冷却装置进风室相连，补汽凝汽式汽轮机较低压蒸汽出口与除氧器蒸汽入口相连，双进气双压余热锅炉中压蒸汽出口、第一螺杆膨胀机、第二水泵、冷凝器顺次相连。 The high-temperature air outlet chamber of the sinter vertical cooling device, dust collector, double-intake double-pressure waste heat boiler, steam-enhancing condensing steam turbine, and generator are connected in sequence, and the medium-temperature air outlet chamber, dust collector, and double The inlet double-pressure waste heat boiler, the second screw expander, the third water pump, the condenser, the first water pump, and the deaerator are connected in sequence. The cold water inlet of the waste heat boiler is connected, and the other road is connected sequentially through the fourth water pump, the heat pipe waste heat boiler, and the steam replenishment inlet of the condensing steam turbine. The sintering machine is equipped with a bellows, and the bellows, the main flue, and the dust collector are connected in sequence. The dust collector is connected with the inlet of the first electric fan and the inlet of the first fan respectively, the outlet of the first electric fan and the outlet of the first fan are respectively connected with the chimney through the heat pipe waste heat boiler, the first screw expander is connected with the first fan, and the second screw expander The machine is connected with the second fan, and the low-temperature outlet chamber of the sinter vertical cooling device is respectively connected with the exhaust gas outlet of the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler, the cold air inlet valve, the inlet of the second electric fan, and the inlet of the second fan through the dust collector. The outlet of the second electric fan and the outlet of the second fan are connected to the air inlet chamber of the sinter vertical cooling device through the relief valve, the lower pressure steam outlet of the steam-enhancing condensing turbine is connected to the steam inlet of the deaerator, and the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler The medium-pressure steam outlet, the first screw expander, the second water pump, and the condenser are connected in sequence.
本实用新型通过采用余热梯级利用的方法，将烧结矿立式冷却装置回收的高温废气、中温废气与低温废气进行分级利用，其中高温废气、中温废气通过双进气双压余热锅炉产生过热蒸汽进行余热回收；烧结机主烟道的烟气通过热管余热锅炉产生过热蒸汽进行余热回收。由于转化的蒸汽品质不同，对高压高温过热蒸汽，通过补汽凝汽式汽轮机进行发电，而对中温中压的过热蒸汽通过螺杆膨胀机，用来拖动整套烧结余热发电系统。采用螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电系统，不仅很好利用了高温废气的余热余能，而且使中温中压废气也能进行热量回收利用，大大提高了烧结余热回收利用率，节约了电能。 The utility model uses the waste heat cascade utilization method to classify and utilize the high-temperature waste gas, medium-temperature waste gas and low-temperature waste gas recovered by the sinter vertical cooling device. Waste heat recovery: The flue gas from the main flue of the sintering machine passes through the heat pipe waste heat boiler to generate superheated steam for waste heat recovery. Due to the different quality of converted steam, high-pressure and high-temperature superheated steam is generated through a steam-enhancing condensing turbine, while medium-temperature and medium-pressure superheated steam is used to drive the entire sintering waste heat power generation system through a screw expander. The use of screw expander to drive the sintering waste heat power generation system not only makes good use of the waste heat and energy of high-temperature waste gas, but also enables heat recovery and utilization of medium-temperature and medium-pressure waste gas, which greatly improves the recovery and utilization rate of sintering waste heat and saves electric energy.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是采用螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电系统结构示意图。 Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sintering waste heat power generation system driven by a screw expander.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1所示，螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电系统包括烧结矿立式冷却装置1、烧结机2、风箱3、主烟道4、除尘器5、第一电动风机6、第一风机7、第一螺杆膨胀机8、热管余热锅炉9、补汽凝汽式汽轮机10、烟囱11、发电机12、冷凝器13、第一水泵14、第二水泵15、第三水泵16、除氧器17、第四水泵18、第五水泵19、双进气双压余热锅炉20、冷风进气阀21、第二电动风机22、第二螺杆膨胀机23、第二风机24、放散阀25、除尘器26、烧结矿立式冷却装置进风室27、烧结矿立式冷却装置低温出风室28、烧结矿立式冷却装置中温出风室29、烧结矿立式冷却装置高温出风室30。 As shown in Figure 1, the screw expander dragged sintering waste heat power generation system includes a sinter vertical cooling device 1, a sintering machine 2, an air box 3, a main flue 4, a dust collector 5, a first electric fan 6, and a first fan 7 , the first screw expander 8, heat pipe waste heat boiler 9, steam-enhancing condensing steam turbine 10, chimney 11, generator 12, condenser 13, first water pump 14, second water pump 15, third water pump 16, deaerator 17. The fourth water pump 18, the fifth water pump 19, the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler 20, the cold air inlet valve 21, the second electric fan 22, the second screw expander 23, the second fan 24, the release valve 25, dust removal Device 26, sinter vertical cooling device inlet chamber 27, sinter vertical cooling device low temperature outlet chamber 28, sinter vertical cooling device medium temperature outlet chamber 29, sinter vertical cooling device high temperature outlet chamber 30.
烧结矿立式冷却装置高温出风室30、除尘器26、双进气双压余热锅炉20、补汽凝汽式汽轮机10、发电机12顺次相连，烧结矿立式冷却装置中温出风室29、除尘器26、双进气双压余热锅炉20、第二螺杆膨胀机23、第三水泵16、冷凝器13、第一水泵14、除氧器17顺次相连，除氧器出口分成两路，一路经第五水泵19与双进气双压余热锅炉20的冷水进口相连，另一路经第四水泵18、热管余热锅炉9、补汽凝汽式汽轮机10补汽进口顺次相连，烧结机2内设有风箱3，风箱3、主烟道4、除尘器5顺次相连，除尘器5分别与第一电动风机6入口、第一风机7入口相连，第一电动风机6出口、第一风机7出口分别经热管余热锅炉9与烟囱11相连，第一螺杆膨胀机8与第一风机7相连，第二螺杆膨胀机23与第二风机24相连，烧结矿立式冷却装置低温出风室28经除尘器26分别与双进气双压余热锅炉20废气出口、冷风进气阀21、第二电动风机22入口、第二风机24入口相连，第二电动风机22出口、第二风机24出口经放散阀25与烧结矿立式冷却装置进风室27相连，补汽凝汽式汽轮机10较低压蒸汽出口与除氧器17蒸汽入口相连，双进气双压余热锅炉20中压蒸汽出口、第一螺杆膨胀机8、第二水泵15、冷凝器13顺次相连。 The high-temperature air outlet chamber 30 of the vertical cooling device for sintered ore, the dust collector 26, the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler 20, the supplementary steam condensing steam turbine 10, and the generator 12 are connected in sequence, and the medium-temperature air outlet chamber of the vertical cooling device for sintered ore 29. Dust collector 26, double-intake double-pressure waste heat boiler 20, second screw expander 23, third water pump 16, condenser 13, first water pump 14, and deaerator 17 are connected in sequence, and the outlet of the deaerator is divided into two One road, one road is connected with the cold water inlet of the double-intake double-pressure waste heat boiler 20 through the fifth water pump 19, and the other road is connected sequentially through the fourth water pump 18, the heat pipe waste heat boiler 9, and the steam replenishment inlet of the condensing steam turbine 10, and sintering The machine 2 is provided with a bellows 3, the bellows 3, the main flue 4, and the dust remover 5 are connected in sequence, the dust remover 5 is respectively connected with the first electric blower 6 inlet, the first blower fan 7 inlet, the first electric blower 6 outlet, the second blower The outlet of a blower 7 is connected to the chimney 11 through the heat pipe waste heat boiler 9, the first screw expander 8 is connected to the first blower 7, the second screw expander 23 is connected to the second blower 24, and the sintered ore vertical cooling device has low-temperature air outlet The chamber 28 is respectively connected with the exhaust gas outlet of the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler 20, the cold air inlet valve 21, the inlet of the second electric fan 22, and the inlet of the second fan 24 through the dust collector 26, and the outlet of the second electric fan 22 and the second fan 24. The outlet is connected to the air inlet chamber 27 of the sinter vertical cooling device through the release valve 25, the lower pressure steam outlet of the steam supplementary condensing turbine 10 is connected to the steam inlet of the deaerator 17, and the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler 20 is used for medium-pressure steam The outlet, the first screw expander 8, the second water pump 15, and the condenser 13 are connected in sequence.
螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电方法是：烧结矿立式冷却装置1回收的450~500℃的高温废气和300~350℃的中温废气经除尘器26分别通入双进气双压余热锅炉20，产生400~450℃、1~2MPa的过热蒸汽以主蒸汽的形式进入补汽凝汽式汽轮机10，产生200~250℃、0.5~1MPa的过热蒸汽分别通入第一螺杆膨胀机8与第二螺杆膨胀机23，其中第一螺杆膨胀机8拖动第一风机7，使烧结机主烟道4的400~450℃的高温烟气经除尘器5后引入热管余热锅炉9与冷却水进行热量交换，废气通过烟囱11排入大气，产生的300~350℃、0.5~1MPa的过热蒸汽以补汽的形式进入补汽凝汽式汽轮机10，与主蒸汽共同驱动补汽凝汽式汽轮机10发电，其中第二螺杆膨胀机23拖动第二风机24，使从烧结矿立式冷却装置低温出风室28出来的150~200℃的低温废气与从双进气双压余热锅炉20出来的气体混合后鼓入烧结矿立式冷却装置进风室27，继续与烧结矿立式冷却装置1内的热烧结矿进行热量交换，实现余热梯级利用；从烧结矿立式冷却装置低温出风室28出来的150~200℃的低温废气经除尘器26与从双进气双压余热锅炉20出来的气体相互混合后，与从冷风进口阀21通入的冷风混合，达到烧结矿立式冷却装置1进风温度范围，再经第二风机24增压后，根据烧结矿立式冷却装置1流量要求，通过调节放散阀25放散部分废气，最后进入烧结矿立式冷却装置1与热烧结矿进行热量交换。从第一螺杆膨胀机8、第二螺杆膨胀机23和补汽凝汽式汽轮机10排出的乏汽经冷凝器13冷凝后，在第一水泵14的作用下泵入除氧器17，经除氧器17除氧后再通过第四水泵18、第五水泵19分别给热管余热锅炉9和双进气双压余热锅炉20供水。正常情况下第一风机7、第二风机24由第一螺杆膨胀机8、第二螺杆膨胀机23拖动，当第一风机7、第二风机24出现故障时，第一电动风机6、第二电动风机22将进行工作。 The power generation method of sintering waste heat driven by the screw expander is as follows: the high-temperature waste gas of 450-500°C and the medium-temperature waste gas of 300-350°C recovered by the sinter vertical cooling device 1 are respectively passed through the dust collector 26 into the double-intake double-pressure waste heat boiler 20 The superheated steam generated at 400~450°C and 1~2MPa enters the steam-enhancing condensing turbine 10 in the form of main steam, and the superheated steam generated at 200~250°C and 0.5~1MPa is passed into the first screw expander 8 and the second screw expander respectively. Two screw expanders 23, wherein the first screw expander 8 drives the first blower 7, so that the high-temperature flue gas of 400~450°C in the main flue 4 of the sintering machine passes through the dust collector 5 and then is introduced into the heat pipe waste heat boiler 9 and cooled with cooling water. Heat exchange, exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 11, and the generated superheated steam at 300~350°C and 0.5~1MPa enters the supplementary steam condensing turbine 10 in the form of supplementary steam, and drives the supplementary condensing turbine 10 together with the main steam Power generation, wherein the second screw expander 23 drives the second fan 24 to make the low-temperature waste gas at 150-200°C coming out of the low-temperature outlet chamber 28 of the sinter vertical cooling device and the waste gas coming out of the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler 20 After the gas is mixed, it is blown into the air inlet chamber 27 of the sinter vertical cooling device, and continues to exchange heat with the hot sinter in the sinter vertical cooling device 1 to realize cascaded utilization of waste heat; The low-temperature exhaust gas at 150~200°C from 28 is mixed with the gas from the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler 20 through the dust collector 26, and then mixed with the cold air from the cold air inlet valve 21 to reach the sinter vertical cooling device 1 The temperature range of the air inlet, after being pressurized by the second fan 24, according to the flow requirements of the sinter vertical cooling device 1, part of the waste gas is released by adjusting the release valve 25, and finally enters the sinter vertical cooling device 1 and heats the sinter heat exchange. After being condensed by the condenser 13, the exhaust steam discharged from the first screw expander 8, the second screw expander 23 and the steam-enhancing condensing turbine 10 is pumped into the deaerator 17 under the action of the first water pump 14, and then deaerator After deoxygenation by the oxygenator 17, the fourth water pump 18 and the fifth water pump 19 are used to supply water to the heat pipe waste heat boiler 9 and the double-inlet and double-pressure waste heat boiler 20 respectively. Under normal circumstances, the first fan 7 and the second fan 24 are driven by the first screw expander 8 and the second screw expander 23. When the first fan 7 and the second fan 24 fail, the first electric fan 6 and the second fan Two electric fans 22 will work.
本实用新型利用余热梯级利用的方法，将烧结矿立式冷却装置和烧结机产生的余热余能通过采用螺杆膨胀机拖动烧结余热发电系统进行余热回收，不仅很好利用了高温废气的余热余能，而且采用螺杆膨胀机使中低温废气也能进行热量回收，大大提高了烧结余热回收利用率，节约了电能，有效促进了节能减排。 The utility model utilizes the waste heat cascade utilization method to recycle the waste heat generated by the sinter vertical cooling device and the sintering machine by using the screw expander to drive the sintering waste heat power generation system, which not only makes good use of the waste heat of the high-temperature waste gas Energy, and the use of screw expanders enables heat recovery of medium and low temperature waste gas, which greatly improves the utilization rate of sintering waste heat recovery, saves electric energy, and effectively promotes energy saving and emission reduction.
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