CN204395342U - 一种踝关节平衡装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型专利公开一种踝关节平衡装置，主要组成部分为一个2cm厚的底板、两个大小相同直径为5cm的木质半球和弹性固定带。为保持装置和身体的平衡，患者需主动用力收缩使踝关节外翻的肌肉，使踝关节呈中立位。训练时，受试者双脚同时配踝关节装置平衡，并用弹力固定带固定。训练后，使用BTS FREEEMG便携式无线表面肌电系统采集肌电信号、多关节等速分析系统测踝周肌力，并用统计软件分析测试结果。
Description
技术领域
该发明产品涉及一种踝关节平衡装置，尤其适用于预防踝关节损伤以及损伤后的康复训练，也可为社区康复诊所、医院康复科开展踝关节损伤及踝关节不稳者的康复及预防工作提供便利。
背景技术
踝关节是人体重要的承重关节，也是最容易受伤的关节之一。资料表明，踝关节扭伤的发生率为每日1/1万人，占所有运动性损伤的10%~30%。而且踝关节损伤后易复发，复发率达40%~70%，其中运动员的复发率最高可达80%以上。近年调查显示，无论是成人还是青少年，踝关节扭伤较过去又有明显上升的趋势。因此，较高的发生率和复发率以及由此导致的长期运动功能下降，使踝关节扭伤受到很大关注。
踝关节扭伤是创伤急诊最常见的损伤之一。对踝关节扭伤的治疗不足，会导致慢性踝关节不稳定，表现为肌肉无力以及反复扭伤，最终会导致踝关节炎的严重后果，给日常生活带来很大影响。
预防踝关节扭伤，对起外翻作用的腓骨肌肌群进行功能训练是非常必要的。经过训练，肌力和肌电活动量呈正比增加趋势，且训练能使踝关节对内翻刺激的反应时间缩短。目前对于腓骨肌的训练多采取用弹力带抵抗肌力训练、平衡板训练等本体感觉促通的方法。但也有些研究者研发出相应设备对踝关节进行训练。
为了训练腓骨肌，Forestier等开发了一种名为Ankle Destabilization Device的装置，应用在踝关节内翻扭伤的预防和治疗中。该装置可以使反应时降低，有较好的康复作用，但活动项目有限，仅能应用于站立等活动，因此极大的限制了其推广应用。国外也有学者使用一种名为Myolux medik Ⅱ的鞋型装置来对运动员进行实验，经过一段时间训练，受试者可以穿着该装置进行跑跳练习，对踝关节扭伤有一定的预防作用，但是装置存在因角度偏大而导致受试者不安全的缺陷。上述装置虽然训练效果均得到一定认可，但尚存器械使用不够方便，价格比较昂贵，不易普及应用，不能广泛应用于普通患者的缺点，以致其不适宜在基层社区、医院推广。
我国为发展中国家，人民群众的生活水平较低，设计制作一种造价较低、使用简单且具有相同功能的装置将有广泛的应用市场。
以上内容引自[1]钱冬晨，王培民，范竞.急性踝关节扭伤的治疗研究[J].吉林中医药，2012，32（3）：256-258
[2]侯娅品，程秀芳，徐千.踝关节康复机构的研究[J].河北联合大学学报（自然科学版），2013，35（2）：55-58.
[3]Paul W.Hodges, Bang H. Bui, A comparison of computer-based methods for the determination of onset of muscle contraction using electromyography，ELSEVIER，Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology, 101(1996)511-519
[4] Stefan Benesch, Walter Putz, Dieter Rosenbaum, Horst-Peter Becker, Reliability of peroneal reaction time measurements，ElSEVIER,Clinical Biomechanics 15(2000)21-28
[5] N.Forestier, P.Toschi, The Effects of an Ankle Destabilization Device on Muscular Activity while Walking, Orthopedics & Biomechanics, Int J Sports Med Geogr Thieme Verlag KG. Stuttgart. New York, Doi:10.1055/s-2004-830336, Published online 2005 ISSN 0172-4622
[6] Eamonn Delahunt, Peroneal reflex contribution to the development of functional instability of the ankle joint, ELSEVIER, Physical Therapy in Sport8(2007) 98-104
发明内容
该踝关节平衡装置是一种针对功能性踝关节不稳的新型训练器械。用该装置对功能性踝关节不稳患者进行康复训练，在训练前后对患者进行腓骨肌反应时和踝周肌肉力量的测定。
本实用新型的技术方案是：一种踝关节平衡装置，其特征在于，包括木制底板、底部设置的两个木质半球，两个木质半球通过螺栓固定在木制底板上，所述木制底板的两侧有两条固定弹力带，所述木制底板底部两木质半球连线所形成的旋转轴偏离木制底板矢状面内侧16°。
本实用新型所述的木制底板上附有的防滑缓冲棉垫该踝关节平衡装置的主要组成部分为一个2cm厚的木制底板、两个大小相同直径为5cm的木质半球和弹性固定带。木制底板，长约30cm、宽约13cm。两个木质半球分别安装在木制底板下对应足跟骨结节和第一跖骨头的位置，且可以根据使用足的大小调整安装位置。两个木质半球作为整个装置的支撑点，其连线构成装置底盘的旋转轴，也是踝关节内外翻运动的功能轴。围绕旋转轴，装置可发生向内或向外旋转。但因人体足跟骨结节和第一跖骨头的连线与足的纵轴连线成16°夹角，因此装置的旋转轴偏离木质底盘矢状面内侧16°，使装置易发生向外旋转，旋转范围为0~30°。这个范围没有超过踝关节正常的内翻活动度，所以不会对使用者踝关节韧带造成损伤。训练时，受试者双脚同时装配踝关节平衡装置，并用弹力固定带固定。行走或站立时为保持装置和身体的平衡，患者需主动用力收缩踝关节外翻肌肉，使踝关节呈中立位。
该自制装置的有益效果是：
①像穿运动鞋一样，双脚装配。
②针对性地训练踝关节不稳患者的平衡能力。
③针对性地训练腓骨肌群。
④制作材料简单易寻，造价低廉。
⑤训练方法较医院常用方法更为方便，极大的减少人力。
⑥可重复使用，不易损坏。
附图说明
图1是踝关节平衡装置轴测图。
图2是踝关节平衡装置底板示意图。
图3是踝关节平衡装置矢状轴与旋转轴示意图。
其中 1、木质半球，2、木制底板，3、弹力绷带孔，4、螺栓孔5、矢状轴，6、旋转轴，7、矢状轴与旋转轴夹角。
具体实施方式
本发明保护范围不仅局限于本实施例，本实施例用于解释本发明，凡与本发明在相同原理和构思条件下的变更或修改均在本发明公开的保护范围之内。
实施例 踝关节平衡装置
训练时，受试者双脚同时装配踝关节平衡装置，并用弹力带固定，为保持装置和身体的平衡，受试者需主动用力收缩踝关节外翻肌肉，使踝关节呈中立位，并进一步进行原地踏步训练，从而起到锻炼腓骨肌力量的作用。而且装置本身的重量增加了踝关节背伸的阻力，有助于训练踝周的外翻肌肉。
在训练过程中，重心移动所产生的力矩使踝关节围绕功能轴旋转，产生踝趾屈、背伸或内翻、外翻等动作。倾斜平台能在任何平面上倾斜，同时使踝关节保持平衡并旋转，产生更多的组合动作，如趾屈的同时内翻或外翻、背伸的同时内翻和外翻。
利用自制踝关节内翻诱发装置与肌电图设备对受试者健患两侧进行腓骨肌反应时测定，本研究使用的反应时测试仪器为BTS FREEEMG便携式无线表面肌电系统，可以采集肌电信号，呈现报表，图形化模版方便数据分析。使用多关节等速分析系统测踝周肌力
经测试得到的数据表明，经过4周踝关节平衡装置训练后，受试者患侧腓骨肌反应时能够有效缩短，踝周肌肉力量得到有效改善，控制功能恢复到健侧的水平。
Claims (2)
1.一种踝关节平衡装置，其特征在于，包括木制底板(2)、底部设置的两个木质半球(1)，两个木质半球（1）通过螺栓固定在木制底板（2）上，所述木制底板(2)的两侧有两条固定弹力带，所述木制底板（2）底部两木质半球(1)连线所形成的旋转轴偏离木制底板（2）矢状面内侧16°。
2.权利要求1所述的踝关节平衡装置，其特征在于，所述的木制底板（2）上附有的防滑缓冲棉垫。
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