CN204361160U - A kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery - Google Patents
A kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN204361160U CN204361160U CN201520069660.5U CN201520069660U CN204361160U CN 204361160 U CN204361160 U CN 204361160U CN 201520069660 U CN201520069660 U CN 201520069660U CN 204361160 U CN204361160 U CN 204361160U
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- barrier film
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- ceramic diaphragm
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to technical field of lithium ion, is specifically related to a kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery.The technical problem solved is to provide a kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery.Provide so a kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery, include ceramic diaphragm, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, negative current collector conductive layer, barrier film post I etc.; Ceramic diaphragm, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, negative current collector conductive layer are strip; Ceramic diaphragm is connected with plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, and negative current collector conductive layer is connected with ceramic diaphragm; The barrier film post I that ceramic diaphragm upper and lower surface is arranged respectively and barrier film post II, barrier film post III, make the ceramic diaphragm of screw winding, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, negative current collector conductive layer simultaneously section in the horizontal direction form S shape jointly.The one provided high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery, can improve the thermal stability of lithium battery, can more effectively prevent dendrite from penetrating, extend useful life.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of lithium ion, is specifically related to a kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has liquid lithium ionic cell and polymer Li-ion battery two class at present.Wherein, liquid lithium ionic cell refers to that Li+ inlaid scheme is the secondary cell of positive and negative electrode.Positive pole adopts lithium compound-cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, and negative pole adopts lithium-carbon intercalation compound.
Lithium ion battery because operating voltage is high, volume is little, quality is light, energy is high, memory-less effect, pollution-free, self discharge is little, have extended cycle life, and is the desirable energy carrier of 21 century development.
Lithium battery has two kinds of external forms usually: column type and square.Inside battery adopts helically wound structures, with a kind of very meticulous and permeability is very strong polyethylene film isolated material forms in positive and negative pole spacing.Positive pole comprises the current collector be made up of cobalt acid lithium (or nickle cobalt lithium manganate, LiMn2O4, LiFePO 4 etc.) and aluminium foil.The current collector that negative pole is made up of graphitized carbon material and Copper Foil forms.Organic electrolyte solution is filled with in battery.Safety valve and PTC element (use of partial cylinder formula) are also housed in addition, so that battery protects battery not to be damaged when abnormal state and output short-circuit.
When lithium cell core cross be charged to voltage higher than 4.2V after, can start to have side effects.Overcharged voltage is higher, and danger is also and then high.Lithium cell voltage is higher than after 4.2V, and lithium atom quantity remaining in positive electrode is less than half, and now memory location often can collapse, and allows battery capacity produce permanent decline.If continue charging, because the memory location of negative pole has filled lithium atom, follow-up lithium metal can be piled up in negative material surface.The direction that these lithium atoms can be come from negative terminal surface toward lithium ion grows ingotism.These lithium metallic crystals can pass diaphragm paper, make both positive and negative polarity short circuit.Sometimes before short circuit occurs, battery just first explodes, this is because overcharging process, the materials such as electrolyte cracking can produce gas, battery case or pressure valve blow-up are broken, allows oxygen enter to react with the lithium atom being deposited in negative terminal surface, and then blast.
Therefore, during lithium cell charging, must the setting voltage upper limit, just can take into account the life-span of battery, capacity and fail safe simultaneously.The optimal charging voltage upper limit is 4.2V.Also lower voltage limit will be had during lithium cell electric discharge.When battery core voltage is lower than 2.4V, portion of material can start to be destroyed.Due to batteries self-discharge, putting voltage more of a specified duration can be lower, therefore, had better not be put into 2.4V and just stop during electric discharge.During lithium battery discharges into this section of 2.4V from 3.0V, the energy discharged only accounts for about 3% of battery capacity.Therefore, 3.0V is a desirable discharge cut-off voltage.During discharge and recharge, except the restriction of voltage, the restriction of electric current also has it necessary.When electric current is excessive, lithium ion has little time to enter memory location, can be gathered in material surface.These lithium ions obtain after electronics, can produce lithium atom crystallization at material surface, this with overcharge the same, can danger be caused.Just in case battery case breaks, will explode.
In order to avoid causing battery over-discharge or overcharge because of improper use, in monomer lithium ion battery, be provided with triple protection mechanism.One is adopt switch element, and when the temperature in battery rises, its resistance rises thereupon, when temperature is too high, can automatically stop power supply; Two is select suitable separator material, and when temperature rises to certain numerical value, the micron order micropore on dividing plate can be taken off by automatic dissolving, thus make lithium ion not by, inside battery reaction stops; Three is arrange safety valve (being exactly the air vent of battery top), and when cell internal pressure rises to certain numerical value, safety valve is opened automatically, ensures the safety in utilization of battery.
Sometimes, although battery itself has safety control measures, because some reason causes and controls malfunctioning, lack safety valve or gas has little time to be discharged by safety valve, inner pressure of battery just can sharply rise and set off an explosion.
Improve the performance of existing safety control technology, first will improve the security performance of core of lithium ion cell, this is particularly important to high capacity cell.Select heat to close the good barrier film of performance, the effect of barrier film is isolating battery plus-negative plate while, allows passing through of lithium ion.When the temperature increases, close before barrier film fusing, thus make internal resistance rise to 2000 ohm, allow internal-response stop.
Lithium ion battery separator, in the structure of lithium battery, barrier film is one of interior layer assembly of key.The performance of barrier film determines the interfacial structure, internal resistance etc. of battery, directly affects the characteristics such as the capacity of battery, circulation and security performance, and the barrier film of excellent performance has important effect to the combination property improving battery.The Main Function of barrier film is that the positive and negative electrode of battery is separated, and prevents the two poles of the earth from contacting and short circuit, has the function that electrolyte ion can be made to pass through in addition.Barrier film material is nonconducting, and the performance of its physicochemical properties to battery has a great impact.The kind of battery is different, and the barrier film of employing is also different.For lithium battery series, because electrolyte is organic solvent system, thus need the diaphragm material of organic solvent-resistant, the general polyolefin porous membrane adopting high-strength thin-film.
The requirement of lithium battery diaphragm: (1) has electronic isolation, ensures the mechanical isolation of both positive and negative polarity; (2) there are certain aperture and porosity, ensure low resistance and high ionic conductivity, have good permeability to lithium ion; (3) due to the organic compound that electrolytical solvent is strong polarity, barrier film must corrode by electrolyte resistance, has enough chemistry and electrochemical stability; (4) wettability of electrolyte is got well and there is enough imbibition moisture-retaining capacity; (5) there is enough mechanical properties, comprise puncture strength, hot strength etc., but thickness is little as far as possible; (5) spatial stability and planarization good; (6) thermal stability and to automatically shut down protective value good.The requirement of electrokinetic cell to barrier film is higher, usually adopts composite membrane.
Ceramic diaphragm, the PET nonwoven support layer ultra-thin by coating one deck and oxide comprise aluminium oxide, zirconia and silica and prepare.Oxide particle is first suspended in inorganic adhesive, then by suspension on non-woven PET.By the PET after coating is just obtained composite diaphragm 200 ° of C dryings.The barrier film that this method obtains has the thickness of very little, about 0.08 micron average cell size and about 24 microns.In this barrier film, the PET non-woven fabric of about 20 micron thickness, provides hot strength and flexibility, and ceramic particle coating then helps avoid pin hole, prevents dendrite to penetrate simultaneously and provides thermal stability.LG chemistry have also been developed the barrier film that a kind of pottery strengthens, by perforated substrate (normally polyolefin porous membrane) apply one deck and mixed the porous layer starched and obtain by inorganic particle and polymer binder.This barrier film has PE to make supporting layer, and barium titanate/butylacrylate-acrylic copolymer does coating, and under 150 ° of C, dry after-contraction in 1 hour is less than 10%.
Existing lithium battery is all generally the common polyolefin porous membrane adopted, polyolefin porous membrane is not good for stoping the performances such as the dendrite of lithium battery interior penetrates, thermal stability, puncture strength, hot strength, simultaneously for suppression battery polarization, reduce thermal effect, put forward powerful additional effect also bad, the poor performance of electrolyte resistance corrosion, cannot improve the high and low temperature resistance of lithium battery.When causing battery to cross to lithium battery improper use to put or overcharge, easily causing lithium battery short circuit to be exploded, the lives and properties of people are threatened.
Utility model content
(1) technical problem that will solve
The utility model, in order to overcome the barrier film of existing lithium battery, cannot avoid the generation of lithium battery short circuit explosion issues, the shortcoming that fail safe is low, and the technical problems to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides so a kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery, includes ceramic diaphragm, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, negative current collector conductive layer, barrier film post I, barrier film post II, barrier film post III;
Described ceramic diaphragm is the composite diaphragm scribbling pottery; Described ceramic diaphragm, described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, described negative current collector conductive layer are strip; Described ceramic diaphragm is connected with described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, and described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer is arranged on the centre position of the described ceramic diaphragm after symmetrical fold;
Described negative current collector conductive layer is connected with described ceramic diaphragm, and described negative current collector conductive layer covers on the inner surface of the described ceramic diaphragm after symmetrical fold;
The lower surface of described ceramic diaphragm is connected with described barrier film post I; The upper surface of described ceramic diaphragm is connected with described barrier film post III with described barrier film post II, and described barrier film post II is arranged on the left side of described barrier film post III;
Barrier film post I described in described ceramic diaphragm upper and lower surface is arranged respectively and described barrier film post II, described barrier film post III, make the described ceramic diaphragm of screw winding, described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, described negative current collector conductive layer section in the horizontal direction form S shape jointly simultaneously.
Operation principle: lithium battery take carbon materials as negative pole, to make positive pole containing the compound of lithium, does not have lithium metal, only has lithium ion, Here it is lithium ion battery.Lithium ion battery refers to the general name of Lithium-ion embeding compound for positive electrode battery.
The charge and discharge process of lithium ion battery is exactly embedding and the deintercalation process of lithium ion.In the embedding and deintercalation process of lithium ion, the embedding of simultaneous and lithium ion equivalent electronics and deintercalation (positive pole is with to embed or deintercalation represents traditionally, and negative pole represents with insertion or de-inserting).In charge and discharge process, lithium ion comes and goes embeddings/deintercalation and insertion/de-slotting between positive and negative electrode, is called visually " rocking chair batteries ".
When charging to battery, the positive pole of battery has lithium ion to generate, the lithium ion of generation through electrolyte movement to negative pole.And be layer structure as the carbon of negative pole, it has a lot of micropore, and the lithium ion reaching negative pole is just embedded in the micropore of carbon-coating, and the lithium ion of embedding is more, and charging capacity is higher.Equally, when discharging to battery, namely we use the process of battery, and the lithium ion be embedded in negative pole carbon-coating is deviate from, and move back again positive pole.The lithium ion returning positive pole is more, and discharge capacity is higher.
In the utility model, the ceramic diaphragm that plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer is folded in half is layered in centre, and negative current collector conductive layer covers above the ceramic diaphragm of doubling.Ceramic diaphragm, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer and negative current collector conductive layer repeatedly reel to a direction formation lithium battery jointly.When being wound up into the number of turns of setting, first ceramic diaphragm and negative current collector conductive layer are blocked simultaneously, then the plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer Zhou Houzai that reels is blocked.
When lithium battery works, be full of electrolyte at lithium battery interior, when to lithium cell charging, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer have lithium ion to generate, the lithium ion of generation in the electrolytic solution, is embedded on negative current collector conductive layer through ceramic diaphragm.When discharging to lithium battery, being embedded in the lithium ion deintercalation on negative current collector conductive layer, getting back on plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer through ceramic diaphragm is embedding again.
The thermal stability of lithium battery can be improved at the ceramic diaphragm of lithium battery interior use, in over-charge of lithium battery or the process of excessively putting, effectively can prevent dendrite from penetrating, stop the generation of lithium battery interior short circuit problem again simultaneously.The barrier film post II, barrier film post III and the barrier film post I that arrange respectively in ceramic diaphragm upper and lower surface make the section of the horizontal direction of the lithium battery of winding form S shape, increase the spatial area between ceramic diaphragm, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, negative current collector conductive layer, more effectively can improve the thermal stability of lithium battery.
(3) beneficial effect
One provided by the utility model high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery, adopt ceramic diaphragm and barrier film post, more effectively can improve the thermal stability of lithium battery, can more effectively prevent dendrite from penetrating, the generation of lithium battery interior short circuit problem can be stopped, the storage power density of lithium battery can be strengthened, the useful life of lithium battery can be extended, the high power endurance of lithium battery can be improved, make the weight of lithium battery lighter, make the high/low temperature adaptability of lithium battery stronger, environmental protection, no matter produce, use and scrap, do not contain, any lead is not produced yet, mercury, poisonous and harmful heavy metallic element and the materials such as cadmium.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is front view section structure schematic diagram of the present utility model.
Being labeled as in accompanying drawing: 1-ceramic diaphragm, 2-plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer, 3-negative current collector conductive layer, 4-barrier film post I, 5-barrier film post II, 6-barrier film post III.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further described.
embodiment 1
A kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery, as shown in Figure 1, includes ceramic diaphragm 1, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2, negative current collector conductive layer 3, barrier film post I 4, barrier film post II 5, barrier film post III 6.Described ceramic diaphragm 1 is for scribbling the composite diaphragm of pottery; Described ceramic diaphragm 1, described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2, described negative current collector conductive layer 3 are strip; Described ceramic diaphragm 1 is connected with described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2, and described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2 is arranged on the centre position of the described ceramic diaphragm 1 after symmetrical fold.
Described negative current collector conductive layer 3 is connected with described ceramic diaphragm 1, and described negative current collector conductive layer 3 covers on the inner surface of the described ceramic diaphragm 1 after symmetrical fold; The lower surface of described ceramic diaphragm 1 is connected with described barrier film post I 4; The upper surface of described ceramic diaphragm 1 is connected with described barrier film post III 6 with described barrier film post II 5, and described barrier film post II 5 is arranged on the left side of described barrier film post III 6.
Barrier film post I 4 described in described ceramic diaphragm 1 upper and lower surface is arranged respectively and described barrier film post II 5, described barrier film post III 6, make the described ceramic diaphragm 1 of screw winding, described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2, described negative current collector conductive layer 3 section in the horizontal direction form S shape jointly simultaneously.
Operation principle: lithium battery take carbon materials as negative pole, to make positive pole containing the compound of lithium, does not have lithium metal, only has lithium ion, Here it is lithium ion battery.Lithium ion battery refers to the general name of Lithium-ion embeding compound for positive electrode battery.
The charge and discharge process of lithium ion battery is exactly embedding and the deintercalation process of lithium ion.In the embedding and deintercalation process of lithium ion, positive pole is with to embed or deintercalation represents traditionally for the embedding of simultaneous and lithium ion equivalent electronics and deintercalation, and negative pole represents with insertion or de-inserting.In charge and discharge process, lithium ion comes and goes embeddings/deintercalation and insertion/de-slotting between positive and negative electrode, is called visually " rocking chair batteries ".
When charging to battery, the positive pole of battery has lithium ion to generate, the lithium ion of generation through electrolyte movement to negative pole.And be layer structure as the carbon of negative pole, it has a lot of micropore, and the lithium ion reaching negative pole is just embedded in the micropore of carbon-coating, and the lithium ion of embedding is more, and charging capacity is higher.Equally, when discharging to battery, namely we use the process of battery, and the lithium ion be embedded in negative pole carbon-coating is deviate from, and move back again positive pole.The lithium ion returning positive pole is more, and discharge capacity is higher.
In the utility model, the ceramic diaphragm 1 that plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2 is folded in half is layered in centre, and negative current collector conductive layer 3 covers above the ceramic diaphragm 1 of doubling.The common formation lithium battery that repeatedly reels to a direction of ceramic diaphragm 1, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2 and negative current collector conductive layer 3.When being wound up into the number of turns of setting, first ceramic diaphragm 1 and negative current collector conductive layer 3 are blocked simultaneously, then plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2 Zhou Houzai that reels is blocked.
When lithium battery works, be full of electrolyte at lithium battery interior, when to lithium cell charging, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2 have lithium ion to generate, the lithium ion of generation in the electrolytic solution, is embedded on negative current collector conductive layer 3 through ceramic diaphragm 1.When discharging to lithium battery, being embedded in the lithium ion deintercalation on negative current collector conductive layer 3, getting back on plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2 through ceramic diaphragm 1 is embedding again.
The thermal stability of lithium battery can be improved at the ceramic diaphragm 1 of lithium battery interior use, in over-charge of lithium battery or the process of excessively putting, effectively can prevent dendrite from penetrating, stop the generation of lithium battery interior short circuit problem again simultaneously.The barrier film post II 5, barrier film post III 6 and the barrier film post I 4 that arrange respectively in ceramic diaphragm 1 upper and lower surface make the section of the horizontal direction of the lithium battery of winding form S shape, increase the spatial area between ceramic diaphragm 1, plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer 2, negative current collector conductive layer 3, more effectively can improve the thermal stability of lithium battery.
The above embodiment only have expressed preferred implementation of the present utility model, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the utility model the scope of the claims.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion, improvement and substitute, these all belong to protection range of the present utility model.Therefore, the protection range of the utility model patent should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (1)
1. a high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery, is characterized in that, includes ceramic diaphragm (1), plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer (2), negative current collector conductive layer (3), barrier film post I (4), barrier film post II (5), barrier film post III (6);
Described ceramic diaphragm (1) is for scribbling the composite diaphragm of pottery; Described ceramic diaphragm (1), described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer (2), described negative current collector conductive layer (3) are strip; Described ceramic diaphragm (1) is connected with described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer (2), and described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer (2) is arranged on the centre position of the described ceramic diaphragm (1) after symmetrical fold;
Described negative current collector conductive layer (3) is connected with described ceramic diaphragm (1), and described negative current collector conductive layer (3) covers on the inner surface of the described ceramic diaphragm (1) after symmetrical fold; The lower surface of described ceramic diaphragm (1) is connected with described barrier film post I (4); The upper surface of described ceramic diaphragm (1) is connected with described barrier film post III (6) with described barrier film post II (5), and described barrier film post II (5) is arranged on the left side of described barrier film post III (6);
The described barrier film post I (4) that described ceramic diaphragm (1) upper and lower surface is arranged respectively and described barrier film post II (5), described barrier film post III (6), make the described ceramic diaphragm (1) of screw winding, described plus plate current-collecting body conductive layer (2), described negative current collector conductive layer (3) section in the horizontal direction form S shape jointly simultaneously.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520069660.5U CN204361160U (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2015-02-02 | A kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520069660.5U CN204361160U (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2015-02-02 | A kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery |
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| CN204361160U true CN204361160U (en) | 2015-05-27 |
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| CN201520069660.5U Expired - Fee Related CN204361160U (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2015-02-02 | A kind of high safe ceramics barrier film lithium battery |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20150527 Termination date: 20170202 |