CN204312069U - Motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment - Google Patents
Motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN204312069U CN204312069U CN201420646376.5U CN201420646376U CN204312069U CN 204312069 U CN204312069 U CN 204312069U CN 201420646376 U CN201420646376 U CN 201420646376U CN 204312069 U CN204312069 U CN 204312069U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- arm
- cylinder
- hinged
- dipper
- motion arm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment, motion arm comprises the movable arm-set being arranged on and vehicle frame can bend and stretch, scraper bowl is provided with and the dipper assembly that can bend and stretch with end, described dipper assembly is hinged on described movable arm-set one end away from described vehicle frame away from one end of described scraper bowl by swing driving mechanism, swings relative to described movable arm-set for enabling described dipper assembly.This kind of motion arm can adapt to short tunnel space, can pass over the obstruction in tunnel, realizes the digging of full section of tunnel when complete machine is motionless, and possessing skims meets the relevant operation function of hidden construction process with shoveling etc., and job area is wide.Therefore this motion arm can improve operating efficiency, liberation labour, improves safety, reduces construction cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to engineering machinery field, particularly relates to a kind of motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment.
Background technology
Current subway work generally adopts shallow mining method technique, and boring construction method is under given conditions, does not excavate ground, all carries out the constructing tunnel way of excavating and building liner structure in underground.Although shallow mining method technique is comparatively ripe, but mechanization degree is very low, master operation is all complete by manpower, cause efficiency of construction very low, in addition labourer's number of new generation after 80s, after 90s is few and be reluctant to be engaged in heavy physical labour, make cost of labor more and more higher, therefore mechanization is the inexorable trend of hidden construction process development.
Existing conventional tunnel excavating equipment, digging arm only possesses function of skimming, certain tunnel height is needed to use, and in order to avoid landslide during subway tunnel shallow mining method, Core Soil must be retained, make such digging arm skim height and width can not cover whole tunnel, the obstacle can not crossing over Core Soil is constructed.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model proposes a kind of motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment, can carry out digging by across obstacle.
For achieving the above object, the utility model provides a kind of motion arm on the one hand, comprise: be arranged on the movable arm-set that vehicle frame can bend and stretch, scraper bowl is provided with and the dipper assembly that can bend and stretch with end, described dipper assembly is hinged on described movable arm-set one end away from described vehicle frame by swing driving mechanism away from one end of described scraper bowl, and described dipper assembly is swung relative to described movable arm-set.
Further, described movable arm-set comprises: be arranged on the swing arm bearing on described vehicle frame, with the hinged swing arm of described swing arm bearing, transition segment, boom cylinder and the transition segment pitching oil cylinder hinged with described swing arm, and described transition segment and described dipper assembly hinged away from one end of described scraper bowl; Cylinder barrel and the described swing arm bearing of described boom cylinder are hinged, cylinder bar and described swing arm hinged, cylinder barrel and the described swing arm of described transition segment pitching oil cylinder are hinged, cylinder bar and described transition segment hinged.
Further, described dipper assembly comprises: with described movable arm-set away from the hinged dipper bearing in described vehicle frame one end, the dipper hinged with described dipper bearing, described scraper bowl, bucket arm cylinder and the bucket cylinder hinged with described dipper; Cylinder barrel and the described dipper bearing of described bucket arm cylinder are hinged, cylinder bar and described dipper hinged, cylinder barrel and the described dipper of described bucket cylinder are hinged, and cylinder bar is hinged with described scraper bowl or be connected by transmission mechanism.
Further, described transmission mechanism comprises pull bar and rocking bar, the two ends of described pull bar respectively with the cylinder bar of described bucket cylinder and described scraper bowl hinged, the two ends of described rocking bar are hinged with the cylinder bar of described dipper and described bucket cylinder respectively.
Further, described swing driving mechanism is the dipper oscillating cylinder being arranged on described movable arm-set and described dipper member hinges point both sides, and cylinder barrel and the described movable arm-set of described dipper oscillating cylinder are hinged, cylinder bar and described dipper member hinges.
Further, also comprise the movable arm swinging oil cylinder of at least side being arranged on described motion arm, for making described motion arm swing, cylinder barrel and the described vehicle frame of described movable arm swinging oil cylinder are fixed, cylinder bar and described swing arm bearing hinged.
Further, described boom cylinder and/or described transition segment pitching oil cylinder are symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of described motion arm.
Further, described bucket arm cylinder and/or described bucket cylinder are symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of described motion arm.
Further, described movable arm-set and/or described dipper assembly adopt box-structure.
Further, hinged place adopts articulation structure, and described articulation structure comprises bearing pin, be set in the axle sleeve on described bearing pin and be arranged on the Lock Part at described axle sleeve two ends.
Further, described axle sleeve is expansion axle sleeve.
For achieving the above object, the utility model provides a kind of subterranean tunnel excavating equipment on the other hand, comprises above-mentioned motion arm.
Based on technique scheme, the motion arm of the utility model embodiment, comprise the movable arm-set being arranged on and vehicle frame can bend and stretch, scraper bowl is provided with and the dipper assembly that can bend and stretch with end, dipper assembly is hinged on movable arm-set away from one end of vehicle frame away from one end of scraper bowl by swing driving mechanism, and dipper assembly is swung relative to movable arm-set.The motion arm of this kind of articulated structure not only can realize flexor on the whole, and dipper assembly can swing towards different directions relative to movable arm-set, thus it can adapt to short tunnel space, can pass over the obstruction in tunnel, the digging of full section of tunnel is realized when complete machine is motionless, possessing skims meets the relevant operation function of hidden construction process with shoveling etc., and job area is wide.And then motion arm of the present utility model can improve operating efficiency, liberation labour, improves safety, reduces construction cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present utility model, and form a application's part, schematic description and description of the present utility model, for explaining the utility model, is not formed improper restriction of the present utility model.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the front view of an embodiment of the utility model motion arm;
Fig. 2 is the top view of an embodiment of the utility model motion arm;
Fig. 3 is the extended configuration front view of an embodiment of the utility model motion arm;
Fig. 4 is the state that the swings top view of an embodiment of the utility model motion arm;
Fig. 5 is the supporting functional schematic of the utility model motion arm.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by drawings and Examples, the technical solution of the utility model is described in further detail.
In order to ensure the construction safety of subterranean tunnel, Core Soil must be retained when constructing, this excavates front necromancer for motion arm and forms very large obstacle, inventor notices that the motion arm of prior art can not be crossed over Core Soil and excavate, it is made to be difficult to the comprehensive shoveling realizing covering whole tunnel, its main cause is, the joint that can produce relative motion in motion arm is less, and the degree of freedom in joint is only limitted to motion arm is bent and stretched.Thus need to increase mobilizable pass joint number in arm body, and meeting on the basis that motion arm bends and stretches, increase the degree of freedom swung further.
In an embodiment of the present utility model, the top view of the motion arm shown in the front view of motion arm as shown in Figure 1 and Fig. 2, motion arm comprises: be arranged on the movable arm-set that vehicle frame can bend and stretch, scraper bowl 12 is provided with and the dipper assembly that can bend and stretch with end, dipper assembly is hinged on movable arm-set away from one end of vehicle frame away from one end of scraper bowl 12 by swing driving mechanism, and dipper assembly is swung relative to movable arm-set.The complexity that engineering staff can execute the task according to motion arm, designs movable arm-set and/or the dipper assembly of more than one group.
The motion arm of this kind of articulated structure can realize flexor on the whole, and dipper assembly can swing towards different directions relative to movable arm-set, thus it can adapt to short tunnel space, can pass over the obstruction in tunnel, such as Core Soil, realize the digging of full section of tunnel when complete machine is motionless, possessing skims meets the relevant operation function of hidden construction process with shoveling etc., and job area is wide.This motion arm can improve operating efficiency as can be seen here, liberation labour, improves safety, reduces construction cost.
In another embodiment of the present utility model, movable arm-set comprises: be arranged on the swing arm bearing 2 on vehicle frame, the swing arm 4 hinged with swing arm bearing 2, transition segment 5, boom cylinder 3 and the transition segment pitching oil cylinder 13 hinged with swing arm 4, and transition segment 5 is hinged away from one end of scraper bowl 12 with dipper assembly; Cylinder barrel and the swing arm bearing 2 of boom cylinder 3 are hinged, cylinder bar and swing arm 4 hinged, cylinder barrel and the swing arm 4 of transition segment pitching oil cylinder 13 are hinged, cylinder bar and transition segment 5 hinged.Cooperatively interacted by the cylinder bar of boom cylinder 3 and transition segment pitching oil cylinder 13 and carry out stretching out or retracting, bending and stretching of movable arm-set can be realized, can regulate continuously.
Preferably, in order to front shoveling can be carried out by across obstacle, swing arm 4 is needed to lift higher angle, structurally one end of swing arm 4 can be hinged on swing arm bearing 2 position on the lower, adaptably the cylinder barrel of boom cylinder 3 is hinged on the top position of swing arm bearing 2, and transition segment pitching oil cylinder 13 is arranged within the angle of swing arm 4 and transition segment 5 formation.When boom cylinder 3 shrinks time, swing arm 4 can be lifted higher angle like this, clear the jumps easily.
In the present embodiment, boom cylinder 3 and/or transition segment pitching oil cylinder 13 can be arranged separately on motion arm central plane, also can be symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of motion arm, be symmetrical arranged stressed more equalization stable when motion arm can be made to work, and larger support force can be provided, avoid rocking of motion arm in shoveling process as far as possible.
In another embodiment of the present utility model, dipper assembly comprises: with movable arm-set away from the hinged dipper bearing 6 in vehicle frame one end, the dipper 8 hinged with dipper bearing 6, scraper bowl 12, bucket arm cylinder 7 and the bucket cylinder 9 hinged with dipper 8; Cylinder barrel and the dipper bearing 6 of bucket arm cylinder 7 are hinged, cylinder bar and dipper 8 hinged, cylinder barrel and the dipper 8 of bucket cylinder 9 are hinged, cylinder bar and scraper bowl 12 hinged.Cooperatively interacted by the cylinder bar of bucket arm cylinder 7 and bucket cylinder 9 and carry out stretching out or retracting, bending and stretching of dipper assembly can be realized, can regulate continuously, and the shoveling angle of scraper bowl 12 is adjusted.
In order to cut the earth more neatly, the cylinder bar of bucket cylinder 9 can also be connected by transmission mechanism with scraper bowl 12.Transmission mechanism comprises pull bar 11 and rocking bar 10, the two ends of pull bar 11 respectively with the cylinder bar of bucket cylinder 9 and scraper bowl 12 hinged, the two ends of rocking bar 10 respectively with dipper 8 and bucket cylinder 9 hinged.The structure that this driving scraper bowl 12 rotates, the cylinder bar being equivalent to bucket cylinder 9 drives a summit of quadric chain, can increase the pendulum angle of scraper bowl 12.And the structure directly adopting the cylinder bar of bucket cylinder 9 to drive scraper bowl 12 to rotate, in the process that scraper bowl 12 turns to the inside, once bucket cylinder 9 contacts the surface of dipper 8, just there will be movement dead, cause the pendulum angle of scraper bowl 12 to be restricted.Further, rocking bar 10 can be designed as the shape of straight-bar or circular arc bar.
In the present embodiment, bucket arm cylinder 7 and/or bucket cylinder 9 can be arranged separately on motion arm central plane, also can be symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of motion arm, be symmetrical arranged stressed more equalization stable when motion arm can be made to work, and larger support force can be provided, avoid rocking of motion arm in shoveling process as far as possible.
In a kind of embodiment of the present utility model, swing driving mechanism is the dipper oscillating cylinder 14 being arranged on movable arm-set and dipper member hinges point both sides, and cylinder barrel and the movable arm-set of dipper oscillating cylinder 14 are hinged, cylinder bar and dipper member hinges.This mode realizes the swing of dipper assembly relative to movable arm-set by the expansion fit of two dipper oscillating cylinders 14, and what relatively commonly use in engineering is realize swinging, and can certainly be the swing to other direction.Swing driving mechanism, except the mode of hydraulic control, can also adopt the mode such as Electric Machine Control or pneumatic control.
Further, in order to further increase the hunting range of motion arm, the movable arm swinging oil cylinder 1 of at least side being arranged on motion arm can also being comprised in above-described embodiment, swinging for making motion arm, cylinder barrel and the vehicle frame of movable arm swinging oil cylinder 1 are fixed, cylinder bar and swing arm bearing 2 hinged.By movable arm swinging oil cylinder 1 hinged between vehicle frame and swing arm bearing 2, motion arm entirety can realize left and right and swing up and down, the action such as coordinate the pitching up and down of middle joint again, bow in left and right, not only can cross over Core Soil to realize cutting the earth to the tunneling boring in tunnel, the soil of Core Soil both sides can also be dug on conveyer.As shown in Figure 4, during work, contact to earth in conveyer front end, the place needing excavation put to by motion arm by movable arm swinging oil cylinder 1, such as motion arm shown in dotted lines in Figure 4 swings to the position of the left and right sides respectively, by the front end of excavation of earthwork to conveyer, then be transported to rear end by motor driving, finally by material guide device, the earthwork be transported on travelling bogie.In addition, as shown in Figure 5, when motion arm stretches and swings to top, a protective function can also be realized, play the effect that tunnel upper is supported.The external surface of motion arm scraper bowl 12 is provided with hole by hanger, and by steel wire penetrating hole, two is connected with the hanger on grid, thus by motion arm scraper bowl 12 carry out grid lifting, transport, erect, send in groove that tunnel upper opens.
Preferably, movable arm-set and/or dipper assembly can adopt box-structure, have bearing capacity large, the advantage that operating efficiency is high.As shown in Figure 1, can be box-structure by stressed larger part designs such as swing arm 4 and dippers 8, and each of box-structure by welding or removably can be fixed together.
Preferably, adopt articulation structure in the hinged place of adjacent component, comprise bearing pin, be set in the axle sleeve on bearing pin and be arranged on the Lock Part at axle sleeve two ends.Because motion arm can often bend and stretch in the process performing operation, the wearing and tearing at articulation structure place can be relatively more serious, and adopt the articulation structure of composite shaft sleeve only to need to change axle sleeve when keeping in repair, thus make maintenance more for convenience, also saves cost simultaneously.In addition, in engineering practice, often select expansion axle sleeve, in operation process, effectively can eliminate joint space, reduce rocking of scraper bowl 12, improve the stationarity of shoveling.
In addition, the utility model also provides a kind of loader-digger, comprises above-mentioned motion arm, and the embodiment of this motion arm can use as left arm on loader-digger, also can be arranged on right side as required.All be described for left arm in above-described embodiment, the motion arm entirety of this kind of articulated structure can realize flexor, carry out left and right and swing up and down, middle joint can also pitching up and down, left and right be bowed, thus the loader-digger being provided with this motion arm can adapt to short tunnel space, can pass over the obstruction in tunnel, the digging of full section of tunnel is realized when complete machine is motionless, not only possesses function of skimming, and possess supporting, shoveling etc. and meet hidden construction process and to be correlated with operation function, job area is wide.Therefore the embodiment of the utility model loader-digger uses more flexible, and then can improve operating efficiency, liberation labour, improves safety, reduces construction cost.The use of this kind equipment, mainly for the boring construction technique of subterranean tunnel, is particularly useful for the construction of subway, can excavate for stratum such as sandy gravel, silt, silty clay, clay, severely-weathered country rock, hard rocks.
Fig. 1 is the retracted mode schematic diagram of the utility model motion arm, Fig. 3 is the extended configuration front view of the utility model motion arm, if loader-digger is except installing motion arm of the present utility model as left arm, there is also mounted the right arm performing fluting, beat anchor pole or whitewashing function, when left arm works, right arm shifts rear side onto along slideway; During right arm work, left arm can be withdrawn into left side.The object that this both arms are dodged is to interfere with each other when making left arm and right arm perform technological action.And motion arm of the present utility model is compared to prior art, folding regain after volume less, both can not interfere with other motion arm, when advancing also can not with ground interference.
In addition, when left arm is retracted into the state shown in Fig. 1, when right arm is also retracted, effectively can reduce length and the width of loader-digger, meet this equipment and be elevated in less vertical shaft, narrow and small tunnel structure can be adapted to.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that the technical solution of the utility model is not intended to limit; Although be described in detail the utility model with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the field have been to be understood that: still can modify to detailed description of the invention of the present utility model or carry out equivalent replacement to portion of techniques feature; And not departing from the spirit of technical solutions of the utility model, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the technical scheme scope of the utility model request protection.
Claims (12)
1. a motion arm, it is characterized in that, comprise: be arranged on the movable arm-set that vehicle frame can bend and stretch, scraper bowl is provided with and the dipper assembly that can bend and stretch with end, described dipper assembly is hinged on described movable arm-set one end away from described vehicle frame by swing driving mechanism away from one end of described scraper bowl, and described dipper assembly is swung relative to described movable arm-set.
2. motion arm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described movable arm-set comprises: be arranged on the swing arm bearing on described vehicle frame, with the hinged swing arm of described swing arm bearing, transition segment, boom cylinder and the transition segment pitching oil cylinder hinged with described swing arm, and described transition segment and described dipper assembly hinged away from one end of described scraper bowl; Cylinder barrel and the described swing arm bearing of described boom cylinder are hinged, cylinder bar and described swing arm hinged, cylinder barrel and the described swing arm of described transition segment pitching oil cylinder are hinged, cylinder bar and described transition segment hinged.
3. motion arm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dipper assembly comprises: with described movable arm-set away from the hinged dipper bearing in described vehicle frame one end, the dipper hinged with described dipper bearing, described scraper bowl, bucket arm cylinder and the bucket cylinder hinged with described dipper; Cylinder barrel and the described dipper bearing of described bucket arm cylinder are hinged, cylinder bar and described dipper hinged, cylinder barrel and the described dipper of described bucket cylinder are hinged, and cylinder bar is hinged with described scraper bowl or be connected by transmission mechanism.
4. motion arm according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described transmission mechanism comprises pull bar and rocking bar, the two ends of described pull bar respectively with the cylinder bar of described bucket cylinder and described scraper bowl hinged, the two ends of described rocking bar are hinged with the cylinder bar of described dipper and described bucket cylinder respectively.
5. motion arm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described swing driving mechanism is the dipper oscillating cylinder being arranged on described movable arm-set and described dipper member hinges point both sides, and cylinder barrel and the described movable arm-set of described dipper oscillating cylinder are hinged, cylinder bar and described dipper member hinges.
6. motion arm according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise the movable arm swinging oil cylinder of at least side being arranged on described motion arm, swinging for making described motion arm, cylinder barrel and the described vehicle frame of described movable arm swinging oil cylinder are fixed, cylinder bar and described swing arm bearing hinged.
7. motion arm according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described boom cylinder and/or described transition segment pitching oil cylinder are symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of described motion arm.
8. motion arm according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described bucket arm cylinder and/or described bucket cylinder are symmetrical arranged in the left and right sides of described motion arm.
9. motion arm according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described movable arm-set and/or described dipper assembly adopt box-structure.
10. according to the arbitrary described motion arm of claim 1 ~ 9, it is characterized in that, hinged place adopts articulation structure, and described articulation structure comprises bearing pin, be set in the axle sleeve on described bearing pin and be arranged on the Lock Part at described axle sleeve two ends.
11. motion arms according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described axle sleeve is expansion axle sleeve.
12. 1 kinds of subterranean tunnel excavating equipments, is characterized in that, comprise the arbitrary described motion arm of claim 1 ~ 11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420646376.5U CN204312069U (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2014-10-31 | Motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420646376.5U CN204312069U (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2014-10-31 | Motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN204312069U true CN204312069U (en) | 2015-05-06 |
Family
ID=53134391
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420646376.5U Active CN204312069U (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2014-10-31 | Motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN204312069U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105626078A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-06-01 | 徐州徐工铁路装备有限公司 | Operation arm and underground tunnel excavation device |
| CN106703097A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-24 | 徐州徐工铁路装备有限公司 | Digging arm and underground tunnel construction equipment |
-
2014
- 2014-10-31 CN CN201420646376.5U patent/CN204312069U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105626078A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-06-01 | 徐州徐工铁路装备有限公司 | Operation arm and underground tunnel excavation device |
| CN106703097A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-24 | 徐州徐工铁路装备有限公司 | Digging arm and underground tunnel construction equipment |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105626078A (en) | Operation arm and underground tunnel excavation device | |
| CN105625487B (en) | A kind of subterranean tunnel excavating equipment | |
| CN203066130U (en) | Extensible arm excavator | |
| CN206815427U (en) | A kind of broken excavating gear of foundation ditch open cut | |
| CN211342765U (en) | Multifunctional impact type hydraulic drill carriage suitable for rock roadway working face construction | |
| CN204312069U (en) | Motion arm and subterranean tunnel excavating equipment | |
| CN107800077B (en) | Offshore cable laying equipment | |
| CN112096407A (en) | Mining equipment | |
| CN105626082B (en) | A kind of construction of underground tunnel equipment | |
| CN206706859U (en) | A kind of cutting assembly and earthwork processing unit | |
| CN109209368A (en) | Test tests coal cutting system with three-dimensional mining device people and three-dimensional mining device people | |
| CN205677650U (en) | Support automatic moving type continuous digging machine | |
| CN106703097A (en) | Digging arm and underground tunnel construction equipment | |
| CN105625493B (en) | A kind of small-sized excavation crusher of coal mine down-hole tunnel | |
| CN110905406A (en) | Multifunctional impact type hydraulic drill carriage suitable for rock roadway working face construction | |
| CN209494569U (en) | A kind of novel coal lane high-speed driving machine | |
| CN203668994U (en) | Ditcher | |
| CN213654849U (en) | Four-arm digging and anchoring machine for coal mine tunnel | |
| CN211571810U (en) | Working arm and coal mine roadway repairing machine with same | |
| CN204311474U (en) | A kind of subterranean tunnel excavating equipment | |
| CN218894666U (en) | Tunneling, anchoring and supporting integrated machine and temporary support thereof | |
| CN103741742A (en) | Ditcher | |
| CN202500166U (en) | Tunnel loading machine | |
| CN204312070U (en) | A kind of construction of underground tunnel equipment | |
| CN208900105U (en) | A kind of multi-arm type cantilever excavator |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |