Model utility content
In order to solve the problem, the utility model proposes a kind of can the prevention produces relative movement between external threeway and pipeline outer wall and pipeline machine plugging threeway under can be used in non-solder condition.
The pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides comprises first passage mouth, second channel mouth and third channel mouth, described first passage mouth and second channel mouth are used for being connected with described pipeline, and described third channel mouth is used for the accommodating arm being connected to described pipeline; Also comprise housing, first group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline, second group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline, the first fastening piece and the second fastening piece, described housing comprises upper shell, lower shell body, during application, described upper shell and lower shell body are fixed together by the first fastening piece described, between described upper shell and lower shell body, form described first passage mouth and second channel mouth, described third channel mouth is arranged on described upper shell; Described the second fastening piece is for being compacted to described inner walls respectively by described first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips and second group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline, and described pipeline treats that tapping is communicated with described third channel mouth; Described first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips and second group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline can stop the relative movement of described pipeline between overall back-shaped slips inwall and pipeline outer wall, and described first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips and second group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline can also stop the relative movement of described pipeline between overall back-shaped slips outer wall and described inner walls.
As preferably, the overall back-shaped slips of described pipeline comprises body, the radial cross section of described body is arc, the diameter of described arc equals the diameter of described pipeline, described inner body wall is provided with the latch for embedding pipeline outer wall, after the outer wall of described body is connected with the inwall of described housing, without relative sliding between described body and described housing.
As preferably, the overall back-shaped slips of described pipeline also comprises key, and the outer wall of described body and the inwall of described housing are equipped with keyway, and described body outer wall is connected by described key with described housing.
As preferably, described body outer wall is provided with teeth, and the inwall of described housing is provided with teeth groove, described teeth and described teeth groove suitable, described body outer wall is connected by described teeth and teeth groove with described housing.
As preferably, described teeth are stepped in the outer wall circumference of described body, and described teeth groove is also stepped.
As preferably, the angle of described latch is 90 °, and the angle of the rake angle of described latch is 60 °, and the angle of the angle of back of tooth of described latch is 30 °.
As preferably, described body offers elongate slot vertically.
As preferably, described elongate slot is several, and the opening direction of two adjacent elongate slots is contrary.
As preferably, the number of degrees of the central angle that described arc is corresponding are 180 °.
As preferably, described latch is arranged along the circumference of described pipeline.
As preferably, also comprise black box, described black box seals for making the joint between described inner walls and described pipeline outer wall, described black box comprises the first Sealing and the second Sealing, when applying described pipeline machine plugging threeway, described first Sealing is on the left of described third channel mouth, and described second Sealing is on the right side of described third channel mouth.
As preferably, also comprise the first Sealing driving mechanism and the second Sealing driving mechanism, described first Sealing driving mechanism is used under the effect of external force, compress described first Sealing, and described second Sealing driving mechanism compresses described second Sealing under being used for effect outside.
As preferably, described the second fastening piece comprises the first flange, second flange, the first fastening screw trip bolt and the second fastening screw trip bolt, described first flange is for being compacted to described pipeline outer wall respectively by described first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips and second group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline, the first fastening screw trip bolt described also and described housing exterior walls forms the first screw pair through the tapped hole on described first flange and the second flange, described the second fastening screw trip bolt through the tapped hole on described first flange and the second flange and respectively and described first seal driving mechanism and second and seal driving mechanism and form the second screw pair.
As preferably, described pipeline machine plugging threeway also comprises switching mechanism, and described switching mechanism is used for opening or close described upper shell and lower shell body.
As preferably, described switching mechanism comprises upper arm, underarm and expansion device, and described upper arm is fixedly connected on described upper shell, and described underarm is fixedly connected on lower shell body, one end of described expansion device is articulated with described upper arm, and the other end of described expansion device is articulated with described underarm.
As preferably, described expansion device is oil hydraulic cylinder.
As preferably, described pipeline machine plugging threeway also comprises engaging lug, lower engaging lug, screw rod and two nuts, described upper engaging lug is fixedly connected on described upper shell, described lower engaging lug is fixedly connected on described lower shell body, described upper engaging lug offers the first through hole, described lower engaging lug offers the second through hole, the lap of described upper shell and involutory rear described first through hole of lower shell body and the second through hole forms third through-hole, described screw rod is arranged in described third through-hole, described two nuts lock described screw rod from the both sides of described third through-hole respectively.
As preferably, described pipeline machine plugging threeway also comprises fluting flange, plug handle and blind plate, one end of described fluting flange is sealedly and fixedly connected in described third channel mouth, in described plug handle filling to described fluting flange, the shank of described plug handle is resisted against on described pipeline outer wall, and described blind plate sealing is fixedly connected on described fluting flange.
As preferably, described pipeline machine plugging threeway also comprises pressure testing hole, described blind plate, fluting flange, forms containing space between third channel mouth and described black box, and described pressure testing hole is communicated with described containing space.
The pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides is by first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips and second group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline, the relative movement of pipeline between overall back-shaped slips inwall and pipeline outer wall can be stoped, first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips and second group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline can stop the relative movement of pipeline between overall back-shaped slips outer wall and inner walls, therefore, during application, this first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips and second group of overall back-shaped slips of pipeline can stop the relative movement between this pipeline machine plugging threeway and pipeline outer wall, meanwhile, because the third channel mouth of this pipeline machine plugging threeway is arranged on upper shell, at pipeline maintenance or relocate in construction operation, the hole equal with main pipeline internal diameter can be outputed as required on main pipeline, the follow-up shutoff operation of complete twin conduit, in addition, because this pipeline machine plugging threeway is a kind of mechanical three-way, without the need to being connected with pipeline, therefore, it is possible to for submarine pipeline by welding.
Embodiment
In order to understand the utility model in depth, below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the utility model is described in detail.
See accompanying drawing 1 ~ 3, the pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides comprises first passage mouth, second channel mouth and third channel mouth 29, first passage mouth and second channel mouth are used for being connected with pipeline, and third channel mouth 29 is for the accommodating arm being connected to pipeline; This pipeline machine plugging threeway also comprises housing, first group of overall back-shaped slips 12 of pipeline overall back-shaped slips 3, second group of pipeline, the first fastening piece 4 and the second fastening piece 5 and 11, housing comprises upper shell 1, lower shell body 2, during application, upper shell 1 and lower shell body 2 are fixed together by the first fastening piece 4, between upper shell 1 and lower shell body 2, form first passage mouth and second channel mouth, third channel mouth 29 is arranged on upper shell; The second fastening piece 5 and 11 is for being compacted to inner walls respectively by first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips 3 and second group of overall back-shaped slips 12 of pipeline, and pipeline treats that tapping is communicated with third channel mouth 29; First group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips 3 and second group of overall back-shaped slips 12 of pipeline can stop the relative movement of pipeline between overall back-shaped slips inwall and pipeline outer wall, and first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips 3 and second group of overall back-shaped slips 11 of pipeline can also stop the relative movement of pipeline between overall back-shaped slips outer wall and inner walls.
The pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides is by first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips 3 and second group of overall back-shaped slips 12 of pipeline, the relative movement of pipeline between overall back-shaped slips inwall and pipeline outer wall can be stoped, first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips 3 and second group of overall back-shaped slips 12 of pipeline can stop the relative movement of pipeline between overall back-shaped slips outer wall and inner walls, therefore, during application, this first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips 3 and second group of overall back-shaped slips 12 of pipeline can stop the relative movement between this pipeline machine plugging threeway and pipeline outer wall, meanwhile, the third channel mouth 29 due to this pipeline machine plugging threeway is arranged on upper shell 1, at pipeline maintenance or relocate in construction operation, can output the hole equal with main pipeline internal diameter as required, complete subsequent pipeline shutoff operation on main pipeline, in addition, because this pipeline machine plugging threeway is a kind of mechanical three-way, without the need to being connected with pipeline, therefore, it is possible to for submarine pipeline by welding.
See accompanying drawing 4, the pipeline applied in the pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides comprises body 23 with overall back-shaped slips, the radial cross section of body 23 is arcs, the diameter of arc equals the diameter of pipeline, body 23 inwall is provided with the latch 24 for embedding pipeline outer wall, after the outer wall of body 23 is connected with the inwall of threeway, without relative sliding between body 23 and threeway.
The pipeline for pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides is embedded in pipeline outer wall with the latch 24 that overall back-shaped slips is provided with by its inwall, after this latch 24 is chimeric with pipeline outer wall, the active force restricting its relative movement can be produced between latch 24 and pipeline outer wall, thus stop the relative movement of this pipeline between overall back-shaped slips and pipeline outer wall; After the pipeline provided due to the utility model is connected with the inwall of threeway with the overall back-shaped outer wall of slips body 23, without relative sliding between body 23 and threeway, therefore, it is possible to stop the relative movement of this pipeline between overall back-shaped slips and threeway inwall.When this pipeline with between overall back-shaped slips and pipeline outer wall without relative movement, and, this pipeline with between overall back-shaped slips and the inwall of threeway without relative movement time, relative movement is not had between this threeway inwall and pipeline outer wall yet, therefore, the overall back-shaped slips of this pipeline can stop external threeway relative to pipeline without relative movement.
Wherein, as this pipeline the first concrete implementation with overall back-shaped slips, the overall back-shaped slips of the pipeline that the utility model provides can also comprise key, and the outer wall of body 23 and the inwall of threeway are equipped with keyway, and body 23 outer wall is connected by key with threeway.Due to the connection between this body 23 outer wall and threeway inwall and the connection between wheel and wheel hub similar, therefore, can by wheel with wheel hub between Placement and key connect realize connect this body 23 outer wall and threeway inwall and reach the effect of transmitting torque between this threeway inwall and body 23 outer wall, thus make this pipeline with between overall back-shaped slips and threeway inwall without relative movement.
Wherein, as this pipeline concrete implementation of the second of overall back-shaped slips, body 23 outer wall is provided with teeth 25, and the inwall of threeway is provided with teeth groove, and teeth 25 are suitable with teeth groove, and body 23 outer wall is connected by teeth 25 and teeth groove with threeway.Because teeth 25 are protruding structures, teeth groove can be suitable with teeth, when after teeth 25 with tooth socket fit, produce mutual active force because of mutually supporting between the boss of teeth 25 and the depressed area of teeth groove and reach the effect of transmitting torque between this threeway inwall and body 23 outer wall, thus make this pipeline with between overall back-shaped slips and pipeline outer wall without relative movement.
Wherein, teeth 25 are stepped in the outer wall circumference of body 23, and teeth groove is also stepped.When applying, to the overall back-shaped slips of pipeline provided due to the utility model it be embedded in groove that threeway inwall is provided with, in order to the groove fit that this body 23 and threeway inwall can be made to be provided with is tightr, this body 23 needs to produce mutually moving along pipeline axial usually between threeway inwall, and teeth 25 are stepped in the outer wall circumference of body 23, teeth groove is also stepped when arranging, and can be providing convenience along mutually moving of pipeline axial of producing between body 23 and threeway inwall.
See accompanying drawing 5 and accompanying drawing 6, the angle of latch 24 is 90 °, and the angle of the rake angle α of latch 24 is 60 °, and the angle of the angle of back of tooth β of latch 24 is 30 °.Arranged by such angle, after body 23 inwall and pipeline outer wall are mutually chimeric, latch 24 can and pipeline outer wall between produce interaction force and transmitting torque, stop the relative movement of this pipeline between overall back-shaped slips and pipeline outer wall.
Wherein, body 23 offers elongate slot 26 vertically, this elongate slot 26 can reserve space for this body 23 in the elastic strain of circumference, when the groove fit that this body 23 and threeway inwall are provided with is tending towards tight, be unlikely to reach best cooperation position due to the restriction of body 23 girth.
Wherein, elongate slot 26 is several, the opening direction of two adjacent elongate slots 26 is contrary, if the opening direction of all elongate slots 26 all in the same way, so when body 23 is when the elastic strain of circumference is larger, the unfolded drawing of this body 23 will trend towards becoming an eccentric circular ring, at the opening direction of this elongate slot 26, its diameter is less than the diameter in this not opening direction of elongate slot 26, thus causes pipeline itself to produce distortion; And when if the opening direction of adjacent two elongate slots 26 is contrary, even if body 23 is when the elastic strain of circumference is larger, the unfolded drawing of this body 23 is still a rectangle, now, the uniform diameter in axis of this body 23, and pipeline itself can not be caused to produce distortion.
Wherein, the number of degrees of the central angle that arc is corresponding are 180 °, in such a situa-tion, the overall back-shaped slips of pipeline only needing two the utility model to provide can form a complete annulus, when this pipeline coordinates with threeway with overall back-shaped slips, the overall back-shaped slips of these two pipelines can be assembled in the two half-unit of this threeway respectively, then by this threeway two half-unit to being combined, if the overall back-shaped slips of the pipeline provided by the utility model makes a complete entirety, then need from one end of pipeline sheathed, and in practice, the setting of pipeline is often intricate, be difficult to find end, even if or its end known, its end also may outside tens kilometers even several thousand kilometers, several ten thousand kilometers, in this case, to complete the overall back-shaped slips of this pipeline with coordinating of pipeline be impossible by sheathed, if the central angle that this arc is corresponding is less than 180 °, it also must be the angle that can be divided exactly by 360 °, such as, it can be 120 °, 90 ° etc., if and the central angle of the correspondence of this arc is 120 °, then the overall back-shaped slips of 3 these pipelines is needed to coordinate when assembling, if the central angle that this arc is corresponding is 90 °, then the overall back-shaped slips of 4 these pipelines is needed to coordinate when assembling, if the number of degrees of the central angle that this arc is corresponding reduce further, this pipeline then needed when assembling will increase further by the number of overall back-shaped slips, no matter this pipeline is needs 3 with overall back-shaped slips, 4 still more, it is not too easy that capital causes when being assembled to pipeline and threeway, and, because this pipeline is needs 3 with overall back-shaped slips, 4 or more time, these 3, 4 or more pipeline will be more at the interface of circumference with overall back-shaped slips, the situation that sealability is bad is easily there is at this jointing, thus affect the overall sealing performance of the overall back-shaped slips of this pipeline after assembling with pipeline and threeway.
Wherein, latch 24 is arranged along the circumference of pipeline, and the effect due to this latch 24 is chimeric with pipeline outer wall, when latch 24 is arranged along pipeline circumference, is equivalent to outwards be fitted together to layer by layer from pipe leakage.
In addition, reach maximum to make the interaction force between teeth 25 and teeth groove, thus stop the relative movement between teeth 25 and teeth groove to greatest extent, fitting surface between teeth 25 and teeth groove is preferably designed at pipeline radial, in this case, the interaction force produced between teeth 25 and teeth groove does not have the component in other directions, the anti-rotation better effects if of pipeline between overall back-shaped slips and threeway for pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model is provided.For the ease of the active force applying along pipeline axial with overall back-shaped slips to this pipeline, teeth 25 can be set to several, the upper plane parallel of these several teeth 25.
In order to can processing request be met, and, make to be unlikely to the pipeline that frays when this pipeline overall back-shaped slips and tube fit, the crown 5 of latch 24 can be done the process of 0.1mm ~ 0.2mm fillet; The tooth root 28 of latch 24 is done the process of 0.1mm ~ 0.2mm fillet simultaneously.
The tooth depth h of latch 25 then can determine according to parameters such as different outer diameter tube and wall thickness, thus the pipeline that the utility model is provided is stronger from the adaptability of different pipeline with overall back-shaped slips.
It should be noted is that in addition, 2Cr13 for the manufacture of this pipeline by the material of overall back-shaped slips, it has high, the corrosion resistance and good of hardness after quenching and magnetic feature, therefore, submarine pipeline is specially adapted to overall back-shaped slips with the pipeline that it manufactures, because submarine pipeline is subject to Seawater immersion, be easily corroded; Further, because it has quenching, hardness is high afterwards, can reach the object that its latch embeds pipeline.
See accompanying drawing 2, the pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides also comprises black box, as a kind of concrete implementation of black box, black box seals for making the joint between inner walls and pipeline outer wall, black box comprises the first Sealing 7 and the second Sealing 14, when application pipeline is with machine plugging threeway, the first Sealing 7 is on the left of third channel mouth 29, and the second Sealing 14 is on the right side of third channel mouth 29.Upper shell 1 and the lower shell body 2 of the pipeline machine plugging threeway provided due to the utility model are tightened together by the first fastening piece 4, therefore, the containing space formed between upper shell 1, lower shell body 2 is after accommodating pipeline, axially sealed, after this first Sealing 7 and the second Sealing 14 are set simultaneously, the containing space formed between upper shell 1, lower shell body 2 is after accommodating pipeline, circumference is sealed, therefore, it is possible to ensure the sealing effect that the joint between inner walls and pipeline outer wall seals.
See accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2, the pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides also comprises the first Sealing driving mechanism 6 and the second Sealing driving mechanism 13, first Sealing driving mechanism 6 for compressing the first Sealing 7, second Sealing driving mechanism 13 for compression second Sealing 14 under effect outside under the effect of external force.This first Sealing 7 and the second Sealing 14 can compress by the setting of this first Sealing driving mechanism 6 and the second Sealing driving mechanism 13 respectively, make upper shell 1, the sealing effect of the remaining space of containing space after accommodating pipeline that formed between lower shell body 2 and black box better.Wherein, the shape of this first Sealing driving mechanism 6 and the second Sealing driving mechanism 13 can be the stepped cylinder that center has through hole, it utilizes this stepped portion holding in the housing of this threeway, and, for the stepped portion of this first Sealing driving mechanism 6 and the second Sealing driving mechanism 13 is reserved with the mobile space for finely tuning in the housing of this threeway, under the effect of external force, this first Sealing driving mechanism 6 and this second Sealing driving mechanism 13 for driving this first Sealing 7 and the second Sealing 14 within the scope of this mobile space.
See accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2, the second fastening piece comprises the first flange 5, second flange 11, the first fastening screw trip bolt 15, 17 and the second fastening screw trip bolt 16, 18, first flange 5 is for being compacted to inner walls respectively by first group of pipeline overall back-shaped slips 3 and second group of overall back-shaped slips 12 of pipeline, the first fastening screw trip bolt 15, 17 also and housing exterior walls form the first screw pair through the tapped hole on the first flange 5 and the second flange 11, the second fastening screw trip bolt 16, 18 through the tapped hole on the first flange 5 and the second flange 11 and respectively and first seal driving mechanism 6 and second and seal driving mechanism 13 and form the second screw pair.Wherein, this the first screw pair is respectively the overall back-shaped slips 3 of this first group of pipeline by the first flange 5 and the second flange 11 and second group of overall back-shaped slips 12 of pipeline provides driving force, make the overall back-shaped slips 3 of first group of pipeline and the teeth 25 of second group of pipeline on overall back-shaped slips 12 produce relative displacement with the teeth groove on this pipeline machine plugging three-way body inwall, make the cooperation between them tightr.This second screw pair is respectively this first Sealing driving mechanism 6 by the transmission of the first flange 5 and the second flange 11 and power and the second Sealing driving mechanism 13 provides driving force, thus, within the scope of the mobile space of this first Sealing driving mechanism 6 and the second Sealing driving mechanism 13, drive this first Sealing 7 and the second Sealing 14.
See accompanying drawing 1, this pipeline machine plugging threeway also comprises switching mechanism, and switching mechanism is used for opening or close upper shell 1 and lower shell body 2.When this pipeline is by machine plugging threeway prolonged application, this upper shell 1 and lower shell body 2 are easily because the reasons such as corrosion produce stronger cohesive force, after applying this switching mechanism, even if create cohesive force between upper shell 1 and lower shell body 2, it is also unlikely to open, thus, be convenient to carry out the operations such as replacing to this pipeline machine plugging threeway, thus reduce the labor intensity of operator.
See accompanying drawing 1, as a kind of concrete implementation of switching mechanism, switching mechanism comprises upper arm 8, underarm 9 and expansion device 10, upper arm 8 is fixedly connected on upper shell 1, underarm 9 is fixedly connected on lower shell body 2, one end of expansion device 10 is articulated with upper arm 8, and the other end of expansion device 10 is articulated with underarm 9.The structure of this switching mechanism is simple, is easy to realize.In the present embodiment, if need the side from connecting upper arm 8 and underarm 9 to open this pipeline machine plugging threeway, the first fastening piece 4 is then needed all to remove, then this expansion device 10 is extended, by the stretching force of this expansion device 10, this pipeline machine plugging threeway can be opened from the side connecting upper arm 8 and underarm 9; If need the offside from connecting upper arm 8 and underarm 9 to open this pipeline machine plugging threeway, the first fastening piece 4 is then needed all to remove, then by shortening this expansion device 10, by the withdrawal force of this expansion device 10, this pipeline machine plugging threeway can be opened from the offside connecting upper arm 8 and underarm 9.
Wherein, as a kind of concrete implementation of expansion device 10, expansion device 10 is oil hydraulic cylinders.
See accompanying drawing 3, the pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides also comprises engaging lug 20, lower engaging lug 21, screw rod 22 and two nuts, upper engaging lug 20 is fixedly connected on upper shell 1, lower engaging lug 21 is fixedly connected on lower shell body 2, upper engaging lug 20 offers the first through hole, lower engaging lug 21 offers the second through hole, the lap of upper shell 1 and involutory rear first through hole of lower shell body 2 and the second through hole forms third through-hole, screw rod 22 is arranged in third through-hole, and two nuts are respectively from the both sides locking screw of third through-hole.By engaging lug on this 20, lower engaging lug 21 and screw rod 22, even when not locking between this upper shell 1 and lower shell body 2, it also has connection, is not only convenient to carrying of this pipeline machine plugging threeway, is also unlikely to the pipeline machine plugging threeway mistake of different size to be taken.
In addition, this first through hole and the second through hole can be slotted hole, in this case, this first through hole and the second through hole all have mobile space, thus, when this upper shell 1 of needs and lower shell body 2 deciliters, this first through hole and the second through hole deciliter can not cause obstacle to upper shell 1 and lower shell body 2.
Wherein, the pipeline machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides also comprises fluting flange 30, plug handle and blind plate 32, one end of fluting flange 30 is sealedly and fixedly connected in third channel mouth 29, in the present embodiment, fluting flange 30 to realize by welding with being sealedly and fixedly connected between third channel mouth 29, the filling of plug handle is in fluting flange 30, in the present embodiment, plug handle comprises head 31 and shank 34, fixed by lock bolt 33 between the head 31 of plug handle and fluting flange 30, the shank 34 of plug handle is resisted against on pipeline outer wall, thus plug handle is positioned, blind plate 32 is sealedly and fixedly connected in fluting flange 30, in the present embodiment, being sealedly and fixedly connected between blind plate 32 and fluting flange 30 realizes by arranging gasket seal in its joint.Under this technological scheme condition, fluting flange 30, plug handle can seal main pipeline tapping together with blind plate 32.Meanwhile, in order to make blind plate 32 easily be separated with fluting flange 30, hanger 35 can also be provided with on blind plate 32, when needing blind plate 32 is separated with fluting flange 30, only need to be exerted a force by hanger 35.
See accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 3, the machine plugging threeway that the utility model provides also comprises pressure testing hole 19, blind plate 32, fluting flange 30, form containing space between third channel mouth 29 and black box, pressure testing hole 19 is communicated with containing space.By this pressure testing hole 19, before the pipeline machine plugging threeway that can provide at application the utility model, pressure testing is carried out to the residue containing space after its accommodating pipeline, thus avoid occurring security incident because remaining space internal pressure is excessive in actual application.
Above embodiment; the purpose of this utility model, technological scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; these are only embodiment of the present utility model; be not limited to the utility model; all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection domain of the present utility model.