CN204121038U - Dual gammaphoton imager - Google Patents
Dual gammaphoton imager Download PDFInfo
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- CN204121038U CN204121038U CN201420546313.2U CN201420546313U CN204121038U CN 204121038 U CN204121038 U CN 204121038U CN 201420546313 U CN201420546313 U CN 201420546313U CN 204121038 U CN204121038 U CN 204121038U
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001224 Uranium Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- ORCSMBGZHYTXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth;germanium;dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ge].[Ge].[Ge].[Bi].[Bi].[Bi].[Bi] ORCSMBGZHYTXOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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Abstract
This utility model has about the dual gammaphoton imager of one, mainly comprises annular framework, electronic imaging apparatus and four flat panel detectors; Wherein, these four flat panel detectors are divided into two groups, and one group is positron detector, and another group is single-photon detector, the both sides being arranged on annular framework corresponding respectively; This positron detector or single-photon detector comprise two flat panel detectors, and these two flat panel detectors are parallel to be oppositely arranged and can to adjust up and down; Concrete, each flat panel detector comprises outer wall, uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube; This uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube are installed in outer wall, and this uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube are connected in turn, and this photomultiplier tube is also connected with the electronic imaging apparatus of outside.So this utility model integrates positron detector and single-photon detector, both is organically combined, according to different demands, different selections can be carried out.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to the detector for medical imaging device, particularly relates to a kind of dual gammaphoton imager (DGPI-Dual Gamma Photon Imager), is the equipment that PET with SPECT phase is compatible.
Background technology
Current, common nuclear medical imaging device mainly contains single electron emission compute fault imaging (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET).And PET and SPECT is in the clinical practice of nuclear medicine, each tool is original to have his own strong points, and is characterized in being determined by different-energy nucleic, different pharmaceutical carrier, and diagnosable different disease, contains face wider.Concrete, SPECT is as having one's own knack to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessel, liver, kidney, thyroid, skeleton etc., and PET is significant to tumor qualitative (optimum pernicious), decision treatment policy, appraisal therapeutic effect etc., or (Alzheimer's) important means of early diagnosis senile dementia.
Wherein, from invention PET existing more than 40 years so far, still the sliced crystal of bismuth germanium oxide (BGO) is continued to use, form some building block system type squares (or unit B lock), rearrange into multi-ring, be embedded on the round frame of diameter 90cm (or being greater than 90cm), namely current pet detector is fixed, pore size is constant, and the distance of patient's body surface and detection can not change.Above-mentioned three is constant, can cause unsurmountable defect to PET: one is that sensitivity and resolution decline; Two is about have 4-8 unit B lock to be in the angle (non-perpendicular angle) of oblique fire, forms the oblique fire district at four angles, causes interact running through of the degree of depth (Depth Of Interaction – DOI, or the interference of the abbreviation degree of depth); Three is the interference because of DOI, positron differential time of flight, and can produce dislocation calibration, this is that PET fails to put forward high-resolution one of the main reasons for many years.
For solving this difficult problem, the method that each producer all adopts PET and X-Ray CT to combine, has manufactured PET/CT, by the view data of PET, deducts the view data of CT, its objective is the background of deduction PET, the diffuse transmission influence of subduction DOI; But this is very irrational, because both imaging basic principles are different, distinct, can not ideal effect be obtained.Specifically, clear on PET/CT image vision, but the resolution of PET image does not improve, and only have the PET image of quality, high resolution, be only required by clinical medicine.While PET has scanned, complete the analog simulation (focal emulator) of PET, also available contouring techniques (delineate) is delineated skeleton and soft tissue (background image) clear, or make different machine image co-registration with CD, non-essential employing PET/CT pattern, be actually CT imaging like this and kidnapped PET, this scan pattern causes PET resolution and can not improve.
In simple terms, current pet detector is polycrystal multiring structure, the crystal of some quantity forms a Block, Block rearranges ring formation, the adaptive corresponding photomultiplier tube (PMT) of each Block, the DOI of the pet detector of this spline structure is the bottleneck causing its resolution not improve again.Specifically consult shown in Fig. 1, for the DOI of existing pet detector disturbs key diagram, in FIG, 1 represents 2 unit (Block), comprises photomultiplier tube and crystal; The position at 2 expression photomultiplier tube places; 3 represent that the BGO crystal arrangement of cutting in bulk is in combination; 4 represent two gammaphotons, fly to the antipodal BGO crystal in direction and send flicker, receive by photomultiplier tube, become a correct signal; 5 represent the gammaphoton slanted, the crystal be mapped to could not all fall into oblivion gammaphoton energy, and glimmers on para-position crystal, so in the opposite direction just has 4 pieces of crystal to produce flicker, cause the interference of DOI, the wherein represented two signal former address, place that have at least are dislocation; 6 represent the oblique fire district producing DOI interference, complete it is around annulus, the scattering of DOI occurs, forms the interference to image, no matter and which type of means this scattering takes, being all difficult to eliminate, is the one of the main reasons causing positron CT resolution not high.Can find out, this DOI degree of depth interference, does not occur over just four border areas, even if at central area, the gammaphoton of oblique fire also can produce DOI interference, and do not change detection mode, resolution cannot improve yet.
So, be badly in need of a kind of novel detector, the resolution of PET can be improved.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is providing a kind of dual gammaphoton imager, integrating positron detector and single-photon detector, both organically combined, and according to different demands, can carry out different selections.
The purpose of this utility model adopts following technical scheme to realize.This utility model provides a kind of dual gammaphoton imager, mainly comprises annular framework, electronic imaging apparatus and four flat panel detectors; Wherein, these four flat panel detectors are divided into two groups, and one group is positron detector, and another group is single-photon detector, the both sides being arranged on annular framework corresponding respectively; This positron detector or single-photon detector comprise two flat panel detectors, and these two flat panel detectors are parallel to be oppositely arranged and can to adjust up and down; Concrete, each flat panel detector comprises outer wall, uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube; This uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube are installed in outer wall, and this uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube are connected in turn, and this photomultiplier tube is also connected with the electronic imaging apparatus of outside.
The purpose of this utility model can also be further achieved by the following technical measures.
Aforesaid dual gammaphoton imager, wherein this positron detector adopts bismuth-germanium-oxide crystal, and this single-photon detector adopts sodium iodide crystal.
Aforesaid dual gammaphoton imager, wherein this annular framework can the rotation of 360 degree, and two groups of detectors can 180 degree relatively rotate.
Aforesaid dual gammaphoton imager, wherein this uranium steel collimator is the parallel unthreaded hole collimator made with uranium steel, comprises multiple unthreaded hole, and each unthreaded hole inner wall smooth is vertical and bore is identical up and down, and unthreaded hole mouth is hexagon.
Aforesaid dual gammaphoton imager, wherein this uranium steel collimator is selected
238u.
Aforesaid dual gammaphoton imager, wherein the performance of this uranium steel collimator meets following formula:
Wherein: At is the aperture of unthreaded hole, HL is that the hole of unthreaded hole is long, and HW is the hole wall of unthreaded hole, and SR is the performance (systemic resolution) of uranium steel collimator.
Aforesaid dual gammaphoton imager, wherein this electronic imaging apparatus mainly comprises computer.
This utility model compared with prior art has obvious advantage and beneficial effect.By technique scheme, this utility model has following advantages and beneficial effect:
1, dual gammaphoton imager of the present utility model, it is absolutely not the simple compatibility of positron detector and single-photon detector, mainly contain following improvement: (1) changes detection mode, throws aside electronic collimation, use uranium steel (238U) collimation instead; (2) by the annular fixed crystal modular type of PET/CT, large visual field slab construction is changed into; (3) fixing detection changes adjustable detection into; (4) completely eliminate scattering and edge effect, in the distance of 1.0cm, resolution is increased to the level of 2.0mm; Etc..
2, dual gammaphoton imager of the present utility model, positron detector and single-photon detector are installed on same annular framework, and utilize the two flat panel detector in the large visual field to carry out the fault imaging of different organs, different nucleic, nuclide energy is distributed in 70-511Kev, and a work station is shared in image acquisition and reconstruction, really reach the nuclear medicine facility of clinical diagnosis, scientific research, a tractor serves several purposes, function admirable and advanced person.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solutions of the utility model, in order to technological means of the present utility model can be better understood, and can be implemented according to the content of description, and can become apparent to allow above and other object of the present utility model, feature and advantage, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, and coordinate accompanying drawing, be described in detail as follows.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: for the DOI of existing pet detector disturbs key diagram.
Fig. 2: be the schematic perspective view of dual gammaphoton imager of the present utility model.
Fig. 3: be the structural representation of of the present utility model pair of flat panel detector.
Fig. 4: be the structural representation of collimator of the present utility model.
[main element symbol description]
9: annular framework 10: electronic imaging apparatus
I: positron detector II: single-photon detector
11: outer wall 12: uranium steel collimator
13: crystal 14: photomultiplier tube
121: unthreaded hole 122: unthreaded hole mouth
A1: vertical gammaphoton A2: oblique fire gammaphoton
Detailed description of the invention
For further setting forth this utility model for the technological means reaching predetermined goal of the invention and take and effect, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to according to dual its detailed description of the invention of gammaphoton imager of one, structure, feature and the effect thereof that the utility model proposes, be described in detail as follows.
Consulting shown in Fig. 2, is the schematic perspective view of dual gammaphoton imager of the present utility model; This dual gammaphoton imager mainly comprises annular framework 9, electronic imaging apparatus 10 and four flat panel detectors; Wherein, these four flat panel detectors are divided into two groups, one group is positron (PET) detector I, another group is single photon (SPECT) detector II, the both sides being arranged on annular framework 9 corresponding respectively, play the effect of balance mutually, detailed, this annular framework 9 is built with annular spiral shell frame, and four flat panel detectors are fixed on annular spiral shell frame.Concrete, this positron detector or single-photon detector (can referred to as two flat panel detector) comprise two flat panel detectors, and two flat panel detectors are parallel is oppositely arranged, and can adjust change detection range up and down, zero distance can contact with body surface, improve detection accuracy.This annular framework 9 can complete the rotation of 360 degree, and to complete three-dimensional detection, and two groups of detectors can complete 180 degree relatively rotating, to complete the conversion of PET detection or SPECT detection.
This electronic imaging apparatus 10 (not shown) is connected respectively with four flat panel detectors, to receive the detection signal of telecommunication, completes imaging.This electronic imaging apparatus 10 mainly comprises computer, is provided with special information and the software of image reconstruction in this computer, to detecting the information process obtained, can complete final imaging.It should be noted that above-mentioned software is the software of existing information processing, this utility model does not limit it, satisfies the demands.
Consulting shown in Fig. 3, is the structural representation of of the present utility model pair of flat panel detector again.This pair of flat panel detector comprises two parallel flat panel detectors be oppositely arranged, each flat panel detector comprise outer wall 11, uranium steel (
238u) collimator 12, crystal 13 and photomultiplier tube 14; Wherein, this uranium steel collimator 12, crystal 13 and photomultiplier tube 14 are installed in outer wall 11, and this uranium steel collimator 12, crystal 13 and photomultiplier tube 14 are connected in turn, this photomultiplier tube 14 is also connected with the electronic imaging apparatus 10 of outside, to reach the object being detected as picture.
Concrete, this outer wall 11 is made up of uranium steel and lead sandwich, can to all lonizing radiation shielding in working environment.This photomultiplier tube 14 for faint optical signal is transformed the signal of telecommunication, and transfers to outside electronic imaging apparatus 10 by transforming the electrical signal information obtained.The concrete structure of this uranium steel collimator 12 can be consulted shown in Fig. 4, and in simple terms, it is the requirement according to crystal 13 specification, parallel unthreaded hole collimator is made with uranium steel, comprise multiple unthreaded hole 121, each unthreaded hole 121 inner wall smooth is vertical and bore is identical up and down, and unthreaded hole mouth 122 is hexagon.Like this, vertical gammaphoton is by the unthreaded hole of collimator, and scattering gammaphoton is not by the unthreaded hole of collimator, and namely scattering gammaphoton all can fall in conductively-closed, avoids the phenomenon producing DOI.In figure, A1 represents vertical gammaphoton, and it, with correct effective photon information, will be gathered by electronic imaging apparatus 10; A2 represents oblique fire gammaphoton, will be collimated device shielding.
Under practical situation, an excellent collimator has three functions, is first the unwanted ray of shielding, and it two is ensure there are enough luminous fluxes, and the 3rd is the perpendicular ray by maximum, the sensitivity so just had and optimum resolution.Sensitivity and optimum resolution are between the two, not linear, and within the specific limits, sensitivity is good, resolution, but are not that sensitivity is better, and resolution is also thereupon better, otherwise may be poorer.Wherein, the parallel unthreaded hole of collimator has three item number certificates, i.e. aperture At (Aperture), the long HL in hole (Hole Length) and hole wall HW (Hole Wall), this three can the performance of collimation device have an impact, and meets following formula
(the performance SR of collimator, System Resolution, systemic resolution).In this utility model, selected uranium steel (
238u) collimator is made, mainly because uranium steel has the following advantages: the density of uranium steel is 18.95cm
3/ G, strong to gamma ray screening ability, and there is plasticity and toughness, be convenient to processing.Meanwhile, when designing collimator, take into full account that parallel unthreaded hole has three item number certificates, to make high performance collimator.
In addition, this crystal 13 is large visual field slab constructions, make the two flat panel detectors in this utility model utilize the two dull and stereotyped crystal detection in the large visual field, change existing loop configuration, break through the acquisition method of TOF (Time of Flying), by positron annihilation, two gammaphotons produced gather respectively, and each gammaphoton is regarded as independently, and on Z axis, the mode of X+Y gathers, can two dimension also can be three-dimensional, the TOF dislocation solving oblique fire district gathers.Concrete, in this utility model, crystal 13 in this positron (PET) detector selects bismuth germanium oxide BGO crystal, can detect 511Kev extrahigh energy nucleic, and single photon (SPECT) detector selects sodium iodide NaI crystal, can detect 75-256Kev energy nucleic, but can not to 511Kev extrahigh energy nucleic.
In fact, even BGO crystal, also there is edge effect, occurs in four limits.In this utility model, the size of this crystal 13 generally selects 380mm × 440mm × 10mm, the edge effect on its four limit shields deletion when designing, and the length and width edge of uranium steel collimator 12 is 15mm, do not have collimating aperture, the ray full-shield namely on edge, the photomultiplier tube 14 above crystal 13 is not affected, make the scattering beyond collimator not enter crystal, it is by hard-wired that this scattering is eliminated.
Below for positron detector, introduce the detection imaging process of this dual gammaphoton imager in detail: first, positron radionuclide is injected in human body, there is electronics head-on collision in human body after, produce two gammaphotons (511Kev) and pass external; Secondly, vertical gammaphoton is through uranium steel collimator, and namely consistent with the unthreaded hole of uranium steel collimator gammaphoton through uranium steel collimator, and slants gammaphoton by uranium steel collimator and shields; Subsequently, the gammaphoton of non-conductively-closed is mapped to BGO crystal, is transformed into visible ray, and is irradiated to photomultiplier tube, is converted to the signal of telecommunication to complete faint optical signal; Finally, the signal of telecommunication be converted to, through analog/digital conversion, computer disposal, image reconstruction etc., becomes the complete image that resolution is high.
Good image construction, derives from correct and enough image informations, correctly processes background, and improving signal to noise ratio is improve the important method of picture quality.PET/CT deducts CT image by PET image, and this step object is the background of decay PET and eliminates scattering, improves the intrinsic resolution of PET.PET/CT is two kinds of information sources, distinct, two conceptions of species.In this utility model, for obtaining perfect real image, on high-resolution basis, the formation pattern of creationary application area-of-interest (Region of interest calls ROI in the following text), carries out Imaging enhanced to image.Concrete, region of interest ROI is arranged a district and b district, the area equation in twoth district, pixel is identical, but shape with can be different, can set and highlight enhancement region (being considered as exceptions area) for ROIa district, be ROIb district depending on steady state district, and extract the data of ROIa and ROIb respectively, ROIa is deducted ROIb, then divided by ROIa.This step computing connotation is that normality view data (background data background data) is in the ratio being considered as data in exceptions area.This ratio value is multiplied by total view data (whole Data of imaging), equal the image after deducting background, then superpose original image, namely obtain Imaging enhanced (Imaging Strength-IS), its complete formula is
by this simple operation, former figure imaging results can be strengthened, significantly reduce the noise ratio (noise factor-NF) in image, improve the resolution of imager, highlight the video picture rate (enhance image) of small lesion.
Enumerate some performance indications of dual gammaphoton imager (DGPI) of the present utility model below:
As can be seen from the above table, by this utility model, its resolution and sensitivity all have greatly improved, and detection range or adjustable.
Generally speaking, dual gammaphoton imager of the present utility model integrates positron (PET) detector and single photon (SPECT) detector, both are organically combined, according to different demands, can different selections be carried out.But this utility model is absolutely not the simple compatibility of positron detector and single-photon detector, mainly contains following improvement: (1) changes detection mode, throws aside electronic collimation, use uranium steel (238U) collimation instead; (2) by the annular fixed crystal modular type of PET/CT, large visual field slab construction is changed into; (3) fixing detection changes adjustable detection into; (4) completely eliminate scattering and edge effect, in the distance of 1.0cm, resolution is increased to the level of 2.0mm; Etc..
In addition, in this utility model, positron detector and single-photon detector are installed on same annular framework, and utilize the two flat panel detector in the large visual field to carry out the fault imaging of different organs, different nucleic, nuclide energy is distributed in 70-511Kev, and a work station is shared in image acquisition and reconstruction, really reach the nuclear medicine facility of clinical diagnosis, scientific research, a tractor serves several purposes, function admirable and advanced person.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, not any pro forma restriction is done to this utility model, although this utility model discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit this utility model, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solutions of the utility model, make a little change when the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solutions of the utility model, according to any simple modification that technical spirit of the present utility model is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solutions of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. a dual gammaphoton imager, is characterized in that it mainly comprises annular framework, electronic imaging apparatus and four flat panel detectors;
Wherein, these four flat panel detectors are divided into two groups, and one group is positron detector, and another group is single-photon detector, the both sides being arranged on annular framework corresponding respectively; This positron detector or single-photon detector comprise two flat panel detectors, and these two flat panel detectors are parallel to be oppositely arranged and can to adjust up and down;
Concrete, each flat panel detector comprises outer wall, uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube; This uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube are installed in outer wall, and this uranium steel collimator, crystal and photomultiplier tube are connected in turn, and this photomultiplier tube is also connected with the electronic imaging apparatus of outside.
2. dual gammaphoton imager according to claim 1, it is characterized in that wherein this positron detector adopts bismuth-germanium-oxide crystal, this single-photon detector adopts sodium iodide crystal.
3. dual gammaphoton imager according to claim 1, is characterized in that wherein this annular framework can the rotation of 360 degree, and two groups of detectors can 180 degree relatively rotate.
4. dual gammaphoton imager according to claim 1, it is characterized in that wherein this uranium steel collimator is the parallel unthreaded hole collimator made with uranium steel, comprise multiple unthreaded hole, each unthreaded hole inner wall smooth is vertical and bore is identical up and down, and unthreaded hole mouth is hexagon.
5. the dual gammaphoton imager according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that wherein this uranium steel collimator is selected
238u.
6. dual gammaphoton imager according to claim 4, is characterized in that the performance of wherein this uranium steel collimator meets following formula:
Wherein: At is the aperture of unthreaded hole, HL is that the hole of unthreaded hole is long, and HW is the hole wall of unthreaded hole, and SR is the performance of uranium steel collimator.
7. dual gammaphoton imager according to claim 1, is characterized in that wherein this electronic imaging apparatus mainly comprises computer.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420546313.2U CN204121038U (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-22 | Dual gammaphoton imager |
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| CN201420546313.2U CN204121038U (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-22 | Dual gammaphoton imager |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113712584A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-11-30 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | PET scanning method, apparatus, electronic apparatus, and storage medium |
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2014
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113712584A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-11-30 | 上海联影医疗科技股份有限公司 | PET scanning method, apparatus, electronic apparatus, and storage medium |
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