CN204066362U - Based on the bridge strain monitoring system of wireless communication technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统，所述系统包括多个设置在桥梁底板或腹板表面的振弦式应变传感器、多个振弦式读数仪、接收器以及计算机；所述多个振弦式读数仪通过导线与多个振弦式应变传感器一一对应连接，所述接收器通过接口电路与计算机连接；所述每个振弦式读数仪连接有第一无线通信模块，所述接收器连接有第二无线通信模块，所述第一无线通信模块与第二无线通信模块共同构成无线传感器网络。本实用新型的桥梁应变监测系统结构简单，部署灵活方便，不受地形环境限制，避免了铺设线缆方式的缺点，可节省大量的人力物力，数据采集自动进行，无需进行人工干预，不仅采集的实时性有保障，也容易实现长期动态监控。
The utility model discloses a bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology. The system comprises a plurality of vibrating wire strain sensors arranged on the surface of the bridge floor or web, a plurality of vibrating wire reading instruments, a receiver and a computer. The plurality of vibrating wire type reading instruments are connected to a plurality of vibrating wire type strain sensors one by one through wires, and the receiver is connected to the computer through an interface circuit; each of the vibrating wire type reading instruments is connected with a first wireless A communication module, the receiver is connected with a second wireless communication module, and the first wireless communication module and the second wireless communication module together form a wireless sensor network. The bridge strain monitoring system of the utility model has simple structure, flexible and convenient deployment, is not limited by terrain environment, avoids the shortcomings of laying cables, can save a lot of manpower and material resources, and automatically collects data without manual intervention. The real-time performance is guaranteed, and it is easy to realize long-term dynamic monitoring.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种桥梁应变监测系统，尤其是一种基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统，属于土木工程应变监测领域。The utility model relates to a bridge strain monitoring system, in particular to a bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology, which belongs to the field of civil engineering strain monitoring.
背景技术Background technique
静态应变测量是桥梁静载试验的重要内容，而静态应变直接反映桥梁在外荷载作用下的局部受力情况，是桥梁结构健康状态的重要参数和桥梁安全性评估的重要指标，因此，在桥梁施工、运营、维护中，通过对桥梁进行应变的实时监测，对评定桥梁结构的健康状况有重要意义。Static strain measurement is an important part of bridge static load test, and static strain directly reflects the local stress of the bridge under external loads, and is an important parameter of the health state of the bridge structure and an important indicator of the bridge safety assessment. Therefore, in bridge construction In operation, maintenance, real-time monitoring of bridge strain is of great significance to assess the health status of bridge structures.
在目前的工程监测中，通常由测量人员使用数据采集仪依次对多个监控点进行数据采集并作记录，每到一个传感器预埋点都需将传感器线缆接入采集仪，再执行数据采集，这种方式的缺点是操作复杂，人工采集成本高。In the current engineering monitoring, the surveyor usually uses the data acquisition instrument to collect and record data from multiple monitoring points in sequence. Every time a sensor pre-embedded point is reached, the sensor cable needs to be connected to the acquisition instrument, and then the data acquisition is performed. , the disadvantage of this method is that the operation is complicated and the cost of manual collection is high.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是为了解决上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种结构简单，部署灵活，且数据采集自动进行的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统。The purpose of this utility model is to solve the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology with simple structure, flexible deployment, and automatic data collection.
本实用新型的目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：The purpose of this utility model can be achieved by taking the following technical solutions:
基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统，包括多个设置在桥梁底板或腹板表面的振弦式应变传感器、多个振弦式读数仪、接收器以及计算机；所述多个振弦式读数仪通过导线与多个振弦式应变传感器一一对应连接，所述接收器通过接口电路与计算机连接；所述每个振弦式读数仪连接有第一无线通信模块，所述接收器连接有第二无线通信模块，所述第一无线通信模块与第二无线通信模块共同构成无线传感器网络。A bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology, including a plurality of vibrating wire strain sensors arranged on the bridge floor or web surface, a plurality of vibrating wire reading instruments, a receiver and a computer; the plurality of vibrating wire type reading instruments One-to-one connection with a plurality of vibrating wire strain sensors through wires, and the receiver is connected with the computer through an interface circuit; each of the vibrating wire reading instruments is connected with a first wireless communication module, and the receiver is connected with a second wireless communication module. Two wireless communication modules, the first wireless communication module and the second wireless communication module together constitute a wireless sensor network.
作为一种优选方案，所述每个振弦式读数仪包括数据采集模块、第一单片机以及供电模块，所述供电模块用于为第一单片机提供电源，所述数据采集模块与振弦式应变传感器连接，所述第一单片机分别与数据采集模块和第一无线通信模块连接。As a preferred solution, each of the vibrating wire reading instruments includes a data acquisition module, a first single-chip microcomputer and a power supply module, the power supply module is used to provide power for the first single-chip microcomputer, and the data acquisition module and the vibrating wire strain The sensor is connected, and the first single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the data acquisition module and the first wireless communication module.
作为一种优选方案，所述数据采集模块包括高压激励电路和信号调理电路，所述高压激励电路用于对振弦式应变传感器发起电磁激励，所述信号调理电路用于对振弦式应变传感器的输出信号进行放大、整流和滤波处理。As a preferred solution, the data acquisition module includes a high-voltage excitation circuit and a signal conditioning circuit, the high-voltage excitation circuit is used to initiate electromagnetic excitation to the vibrating wire strain sensor, and the signal conditioning circuit is used to initiate electromagnetic excitation to the vibrating wire strain sensor The output signal is amplified, rectified and filtered.
作为一种优选方案，所述第一单片机采用ATMEGA8A芯片。As a preferred solution, the first single-chip microcomputer adopts ATMEGA8A chip.
作为一种优选方案，所述供电模块采用3.7V锂电池。As a preferred solution, the power supply module uses a 3.7V lithium battery.
作为一种优选方案，所述接收器包括第二单片机、RS232接口电路以及RS232转USB接口电路，所述第二单片机依次通过RS232接口电路和RS232转USB接口电路与计算机连接，所述第二单片机还与第二无线通信模块连接。As a preferred solution, the receiver includes a second single-chip microcomputer, an RS232 interface circuit and an RS232-to-USB interface circuit, and the second single-chip microcomputer is connected to the computer through the RS232 interface circuit and the RS232-to-USB interface circuit in turn, and the second single-chip microcomputer It is also connected with the second wireless communication module.
作为一种优选方案，所述第二单片机采用STM32F103芯片，所述RS232接口电路采用MAX3232芯片，STM32F103芯片的USART2接口配合I/O接口一起组成第二无线通信模块的控制接口，USART1接口通过MAX3232芯片引接出RS232C接口。As a preferred solution, the second single-chip microcomputer adopts the STM32F103 chip, the RS232 interface circuit adopts the MAX3232 chip, the USART2 interface of the STM32F103 chip cooperates with the I/O interface to form the control interface of the second wireless communication module, and the USART1 interface passes through the MAX3232 chip. Lead out the RS232C interface.
作为一种优选方案，所述第一无线通信模块和第二无线通信模块均采用UTC4432B1无线通信模块。As a preferred solution, both the first wireless communication module and the second wireless communication module are UTC4432B1 wireless communication modules.
本实用新型相对于现有技术具有如下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1、本实用新型的桥梁应变监测系统结构简单，部署灵活方便，不受地形环境限制，避免了铺设线缆方式的缺点，可节省大量的人力物力。1. The bridge strain monitoring system of the present invention has a simple structure, flexible and convenient deployment, is not restricted by the terrain environment, avoids the shortcomings of laying cables, and can save a lot of manpower and material resources.
2、本实用新型的桥梁应变监测系统利用振弦式应变传感器和振弦式读数仪实现数据采集，并通过无线通信模块自动将采集的数据经接收器传输给计算机，无需进行人工干预，不仅采集的实时性有保障，也容易实现长期动态监控。2. The bridge strain monitoring system of the present invention uses vibrating wire strain sensors and vibrating wire reading instruments to realize data collection, and automatically transmits the collected data to the computer through the receiver through the wireless communication module, without manual intervention, not only collecting The real-time performance is guaranteed, and it is easy to realize long-term dynamic monitoring.
3、本实用新型的桥梁应变监测系统在将数据自动存入计算机后，可在计算机中实时查看数据变化趋势曲线，能够实现异常数据告警，利于数据对比分析，可显著减轻数据处理的工作量。3. After the bridge strain monitoring system of the present invention automatically saves the data into the computer, the data change trend curve can be checked in the computer in real time, and an abnormal data alarm can be realized, which is beneficial for data comparison and analysis, and can significantly reduce the workload of data processing.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology of the present invention.
图2为本实用新型的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统中振弦式应变传感器位置设置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position setting of the vibrating wire strain sensor in the bridge strain monitoring system based on the wireless communication technology of the present invention.
图3为本实用新型的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统中振弦式应变传感器工作原理示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the vibrating wire strain sensor in the bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology of the present invention.
图4为本实用新型的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统中振弦式读数仪的结构原理框图。Fig. 4 is a structural principle block diagram of the vibrating wire reading instrument in the bridge strain monitoring system based on the wireless communication technology of the present invention.
图5为本实用新型的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统中高压激励电路原理图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage excitation circuit in a bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology of the present invention.
图6为本实用新型的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统中信号调理电路原理图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the signal conditioning circuit in the bridge strain monitoring system based on the wireless communication technology of the present invention.
图7为本实用新型的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统中接收器的结构原理框图。Fig. 7 is a structural principle block diagram of the receiver in the bridge strain monitoring system based on the wireless communication technology of the present invention.
其中，1-振弦式应变传感器，2-振弦式读数仪，3-接收器，4-计算机，5-第一无线通信模块，6-第二无线通信模块，7-钢弦，8-感应线圈，9-激振线圈，10-数据采集模块，11-第一单片机，12-供电模块，13-第二单片机，14-RS232接口电路，15-RS232转USB接口电路。Among them, 1-vibrating wire strain sensor, 2-vibrating wire reading instrument, 3-receiver, 4-computer, 5-first wireless communication module, 6-second wireless communication module, 7-steel string, 8- Induction coil, 9-excitation coil, 10-data acquisition module, 11-first single-chip microcomputer, 12-power supply module, 13-second single-chip microcomputer, 14-RS232 interface circuit, 15-RS232 to USB interface circuit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1：Example 1:
如图1所示，本实施例的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统，包括多个振弦式应变传感器1、多个振弦式读数仪2、接收器3以及计算机4；所述多个振弦式读数仪2通过导线与多个振弦式应变传感器1一一对应连接，所述接收器3通过接口电路与计算机4连接；所述每个振弦式读数仪2连接有第一无线通信模块5，所述接收器3连接有第二无线通信模块6，所述第一无线通信模块5与第二无线通信模块6共同构成无线传感器网络，其中：As shown in Figure 1, the bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology of the present embodiment includes a plurality of vibrating wire strain sensors 1, a plurality of vibrating wire reading instruments 2, a receiver 3 and a computer 4; The vibrating wire reading instrument 2 is connected to a plurality of vibrating wire strain sensors 1 one by one through wires, and the receiver 3 is connected to the computer 4 through an interface circuit; each vibrating wire reading instrument 2 is connected with a first wireless A communication module 5, the receiver 3 is connected with a second wireless communication module 6, the first wireless communication module 5 and the second wireless communication module 6 together constitute a wireless sensor network, wherein:
如图2所示，所述振弦式应变传感器1可以设置在桥梁底板或腹板表面，其采用BGK-4000型振弦式应变计，工作原理如图3所示，可以看到振弦式传感器内部是一根张紧的钢弦7，置于电磁场之中.激励电流通过磁铁线圈使磁铁磁性增强并吸住振弦，电流断开后，由于惯性作用，钢弦7开始自由振动，感应线圈8产生的感应电动势，经过放大输出，并通过电压比较器将输出信号转化为频率信号，所测的感应电动势的频率即为振弦的振动频率；同时，输出信号的一部分将反馈到激振线圈9，再加上电路的稳幅措施，使钢弦7达到电路所保持的等幅、连续的振动，只要测出钢弦7的振动频率，就可以通过钢弦7的频率与应变的物理关系求出应变；频率与应变的关系为：As shown in Figure 2, the vibrating wire strain sensor 1 can be arranged on the surface of the bridge bottom plate or web, which adopts the BGK-4000 type vibrating wire strain gauge, and its working principle is shown in Figure 3. Inside the sensor is a tensioned steel string 7, which is placed in the electromagnetic field. The excitation current passes through the magnet coil to enhance the magnetism of the magnet and attract the vibrating wire. After the current is disconnected, due to the inertia, the steel string 7 starts to vibrate freely, and the induction The induced electromotive force generated by the coil 8 is amplified and output, and the output signal is converted into a frequency signal through a voltage comparator. The frequency of the measured induced electromotive force is the vibration frequency of the vibrating wire; at the same time, part of the output signal will be fed back to the excitation Coil 9, coupled with the amplitude stabilizing measures of the circuit, makes the steel string 7 reach the equal amplitude and continuous vibration maintained by the circuit. As long as the vibration frequency of the steel string 7 is measured, the physical frequency and strain of the steel string 7 can be The relationship between frequency and strain is calculated as follows:
式中，f为钢弦振动频率，l为钢弦长度，ρ为弦线密度，s为弦横截面积，ρV为弦的体密度(ρV＝ρ/s)，T为钢弦拉力，σ为弦应力，ε为弦应变，E为弦弹性模量。In the formula, f is the vibration frequency of the steel string, l is the length of the steel string, ρ is the density of the string, s is the cross-sectional area of the string, ρ V is the bulk density of the string (ρ V = ρ/s), and T is the tensile force of the steel string , σ is the string stress, ε is the string strain, and E is the string elastic modulus.
所述振弦式读数仪2用于完成振弦式应变传感器1的频率测量，每个振弦式读数仪2如图4所示，包括数据采集模块10、第一单片机11以及供电模块12，其中数据采集模块10包括高压激励电路和信号调理电路，所述高压激励电路和信号调理电路分别与振弦式应变传感器1连接，第一单片机11采用Atmel公司的ATMEGA8A单片机芯片，分别与高压激励电路、信号调理电路和第一无线通信模块5，供电模块12采用3.7V锂电池，用于为第一单片机11提供电源；振弦式读数仪2的工作原理具体为：振弦式读数仪2通过第一无线通信模块5接收计算机4的指令，由第一单片机11输出PWM信号控制高压激励电路(如图5所示，T1、T2和T3三只高压三极管并联能获得较大的电流，比较器U1A在高压达到预设阈值时指示信号输入第一单片机11)获得150V～180V的脉冲高电压，然后第一单片机11将该电压加载到振弦式应变传感器1的两端，使振弦式应变传感器1受高压脉冲的激励开始衰减振荡并输出电压信号，其输出信号的频率由振弦式应变传感器1应力大小决定；信号调理电路(如图6所示)对振弦式应变传感器1的输出信号进行放大、整流和滤波处理，得到某个频率的方波信号，第一单片机11内置的定时器采集方波信号，并经过计算得到频率值。The vibrating wire reading instrument 2 is used to complete the frequency measurement of the vibrating wire strain sensor 1, and each vibrating wire reading instrument 2, as shown in Figure 4, includes a data acquisition module 10, a first single-chip microcomputer 11 and a power supply module 12, Wherein the data acquisition module 10 comprises a high-voltage excitation circuit and a signal conditioning circuit, and the high-voltage excitation circuit and the signal conditioning circuit are respectively connected with the vibrating wire type strain sensor 1, and the first single-chip microcomputer 11 adopts the ATMEGA8A single-chip microcomputer chip of Atmel Company, respectively connected with the high-voltage excitation circuit , the signal conditioning circuit and the first wireless communication module 5, and the power supply module 12 adopts a 3.7V lithium battery to provide power for the first single-chip microcomputer 11; the working principle of the vibrating wire reading instrument 2 is specifically: the vibrating wire reading instrument 2 passes through The first wireless communication module 5 receives the instructions of the computer 4, and the high-voltage excitation circuit is controlled by the output PWM signal of the first single-chip microcomputer 11 (as shown in Figure 5, T1, T2 and T3 three high-voltage triodes connected in parallel can obtain larger current, comparator When the high voltage reaches the preset threshold value, U1A indicates that the signal is input to the first single-chip microcomputer 11) to obtain a pulse high voltage of 150V-180V, and then the first single-chip microcomputer 11 loads the voltage to both ends of the vibrating wire strain sensor 1 to make the vibrating wire strain sensor 1 The sensor 1 is excited by the high-voltage pulse and starts to attenuate the oscillation and output a voltage signal. The frequency of the output signal is determined by the stress of the vibrating wire strain sensor 1; The signal is amplified, rectified and filtered to obtain a square wave signal of a certain frequency. The built-in timer of the first single-chip microcomputer 11 collects the square wave signal and calculates the frequency value.
如图7所示，所述接收器3包括第二单片机13、RS232接口电路14以及RS232转USB接口电路15，所述第二单片机13采用ST(意法半导体公司)的32位单片机芯片STM32F103，所述RS232接口电路14采用MAX3232芯片，STM32F103芯片的USART2接口配合特定的I/O接口一起组成第二无线通信模块6的控制接口，通过控制接口与第二无线通信模块6连接；STM32F103芯片的USART1接口通过MAX3232芯片引接出RS232C接口，并通过RS232转USB接口电路15与计算机4连接，与计算机4进行串口通信。As shown in Figure 7, described receiver 3 comprises second single-chip microcomputer 13, RS232 interface circuit 14 and RS232 transfer USB interface circuit 15, and described second single-chip microcomputer 13 adopts 32 single-chip microcomputer chips STM32F103 of ST (Microelectronics of ST), The RS232 interface circuit 14 adopts the MAX3232 chip, and the USART2 interface of the STM32F103 chip cooperates with a specific I/O interface to form the control interface of the second wireless communication module 6, which is connected with the second wireless communication module 6 through the control interface; the USART1 of the STM32F103 chip The interface leads to the RS232C interface through the MAX3232 chip, and is connected with the computer 4 through the RS232-to-USB interface circuit 15, and performs serial port communication with the computer 4.
所述第一无线通信模块5和第二无线通信模块6均采用杭州威步科技公司生产的UTC4432B1无线通信模块。Both the first wireless communication module 5 and the second wireless communication module 6 are UTC4432B1 wireless communication modules produced by Hangzhou Weibu Technology Company.
本实施例的基于无线通信技术的桥梁应变监测系统的监测方法，包括以下步骤：The monitoring method of the bridge strain monitoring system based on wireless communication technology of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1)接收器3从计算机4的USB接口获取电源，并将电压输出给第二单片机13和第二无线通信模块6，使第二单片机13和第二无线通信模块6正常工作；1) The receiver 3 obtains power from the USB interface of the computer 4, and outputs the voltage to the second single-chip microcomputer 13 and the second wireless communication module 6, so that the second single-chip microcomputer 13 and the second wireless communication module 6 work normally;
2)振弦式读数仪2通电后，通过第一无线通信模块5接收计算机4的指令，由第一单片机11输出PWM信号控制高压激励电路获得150V～180V的脉冲高电压，然后第一单片机11将该电压加载到振弦式应变传感器1的两端，使振弦式应变传感器1受高压脉冲的激励开始衰减振荡并输出电压信号，信号调理电路对振弦式应变传感器1的输出信号进行放大、整流和滤波处理，得到某个频率的方波信号，第一单片机11内置的定时器采集方波信号，并经过计算得到频率值；2) After the vibrating wire reading instrument 2 is powered on, the instruction of the computer 4 is received through the first wireless communication module 5, and the first single-chip microcomputer 11 outputs a PWM signal to control the high-voltage excitation circuit to obtain a pulse high voltage of 150V to 180V, and then the first single-chip microcomputer 11 The voltage is applied to both ends of the vibrating wire strain sensor 1, so that the vibrating wire strain sensor 1 starts to attenuate and oscillate under the excitation of the high-voltage pulse and output a voltage signal, and the signal conditioning circuit amplifies the output signal of the vibrating wire strain sensor 1 , rectification and filter processing to obtain a square wave signal of a certain frequency, the built-in timer of the first single-chip microcomputer 11 collects the square wave signal, and obtains the frequency value through calculation;
3)第一单片机11通过第一无线通信模块5将频率值传输给第二无线通信模块6，再由第二无线通信模块6将频率值传输给接收器3的第二单片机13；3) the first single-chip microcomputer 11 transmits the frequency value to the second wireless communication module 6 by the first wireless communication module 5, and then the second single-chip microcomputer 13 that the second wireless communication module 6 transmits the frequency value to the receiver 3;
4)第二单片机13启动A/D转换器将接收到的频率值进行模数转换，转换后的数据经由RS232接口电路14传到RS232转USB接口电路15，由RS232转USB接口电路15转换成USB数据后传输给计算机4；4) The second single-chip microcomputer 13 starts the A/D converter to carry out the analog-to-digital conversion of the frequency value received, and the data after conversion is transmitted to the RS232 to USB interface circuit 15 via the RS232 interface circuit 14, and is converted to the USB interface circuit 15 by RS232 to After the USB data is transmitted to the computer 4;
5)在计算机4中实时查看数据变化趋势曲线，对数据进行对比分析，实现异常数据报警。5) Check the data change trend curve in the computer 4 in real time, compare and analyze the data, and realize abnormal data alarm.
综上所述，本实用新型的桥梁应变监测系统利用振弦式应变传感器和振弦式读数仪实现数据采集，并通过无线通信模块自动将采集的数据经接收器传输给计算机，无需进行人工干预，不仅采集的实时性有保障，也容易实现长期动态监控。In summary, the bridge strain monitoring system of the present invention uses vibrating wire strain sensors and vibrating wire reading instruments to realize data collection, and automatically transmits the collected data to the computer through the receiver through the wireless communication module without manual intervention , not only the real-time collection is guaranteed, but also it is easy to realize long-term dynamic monitoring.
以上所述，仅为本实用新型专利较佳的实施例，但本实用新型专利的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本实用新型专利所公开的范围内，根据本实用新型专利的技术方案及其实用新型构思加以等同替换或改变，都属于本实用新型专利的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model patent, but the scope of protection of the utility model patent is not limited thereto, any skilled person familiar with the technical field within the disclosed scope of the utility model patent, according to The technical scheme of the utility model patent and the equivalent replacement or change of the utility model concept all belong to the protection scope of the utility model patent.
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