CN204013333U - A kind of for high power load on buoy from net photovoltaic power supply system - Google Patents
A kind of for high power load on buoy from net photovoltaic power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN204013333U CN204013333U CN201420394003.3U CN201420394003U CN204013333U CN 204013333 U CN204013333 U CN 204013333U CN 201420394003 U CN201420394003 U CN 201420394003U CN 204013333 U CN204013333 U CN 204013333U
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provide a kind of for high power load on buoy from net photovoltaic power supply system, by designed double-deck disc structure, expand photovoltaic array area, improved photovoltaic power generation quantity, meet the requirement of high power load; By a road photovoltaic array, 1～2 storage battery, a photovoltaic controller, form an independently mode for photovoltaic generating module, when power termination changes, corresponding increase photovoltaic generating module, can meet the requirement of different loads size; By designed photovoltaic control circuit, improve the output current of photovoltaic, improved the utilance of photovoltaic; By the built-in high-power Schottky barrier diodes of battery discharging mouth, battery discharging end looped network in parallel is connected to photovoltaic control circuit, and storage battery is connected in parallel conveniently, and looped network connects reliable, has improved convenience and reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to buoy power supply system field especially relates to an off-grid photovoltaic power supply system that is used for high-power load on the buoy.
Background
At present, buoys used in lakes and oceans in China are mainly used for detection and other purposes, and sensors, measurement and test, communication and other electronic equipment are arranged on the buoys. Under the condition of less equipment, the power consumption is low, and the off-grid photovoltaic power generation system is formed by combining a plurality of photovoltaic modules arranged on the surface of the buoy or the top of the mast and a lead-acid storage battery to supply power to the equipment so as to ensure the normal work of the electronic equipment. With the development and utilization of oceans, buoys used for ocean and lake resource monitoring, right-maintaining target identification and other requirements are placed in an ocean environment, more and more devices such as sensors, measurement tests, communication and the like are arranged on the buoys, and especially ten-meter large buoys used for oceans and lakes are provided with a large number of electronic devices such as measurement devices, communication and the like, and the load power is far greater than the power of various previous buoy power supply systems, so that the power supply system can supply power to high-power loads for a long time and becomes a prerequisite condition for normal operation of other electronic devices on the buoys.
According to the practical use environment of ocean lakes, the following 2 power supply schemes are mainly used in the existing buoy electronic equipment. The first is a solution that is completely powered by a primary or secondary battery. The power is mostly several watts to dozens of watts when the electronic equipment is used under the condition of low power, the power needs to be replaced periodically if a primary battery is used, and a maintenance person needs to replace a secondary battery or a charger is used for charging the secondary battery on site if the secondary battery is used. The second power supply scheme is an off-grid photovoltaic power generation system scheme combining photovoltaic power generation storage battery power storage. Due to the small surface area of the buoy, even if a ten-meter buoy is used for placing or installing ten to twelve 100W photovoltaic modules at most at present, the photovoltaic modules are horizontally placed on the surface of the buoy or placed at the top end of the mast by using a bracket; the energy storage battery mostly uses a common lead-acid storage battery, the buoy load power is only a few watts to dozens of watts, and the photovoltaic module is directly connected with the storage battery for charging through an anti-reverse diode.
For the first scheme, the batteries are maintained or replaced regularly, so that the consumable cost and the maintenance time are increased, the working efficiency of the equipment is reduced, and the operation and maintenance cost is increased. For the second scheme, if the load power is increased, the storage battery must be charged or replaced by taking a boat to a floating point periodically. When the load power is increased, the area for placing the photovoltaic module cannot be enlarged due to the limitation of the surface area of the buoy, so that sufficient photovoltaic power cannot be provided; and power supply cannot be flexibly realized when different buoy loads change; there are also problems with the first solution if the batteries are replaced periodically or recharged on site periodically.
When the buoy is provided with electronic loads of satellite communication equipment, video detection equipment, camera equipment, acoustic fingerprint detection and identification equipment, central control equipment and meteorological equipment, the instantaneous power of each electronic equipment is different from several watts to 700 watts, the total average power of the equipment is calculated according to 250 watts, the power of the equipment is far higher than the power value of various buoy loads existing in China, and no power supply implementation scheme or implementation case exists at present.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide an off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for high-power load on buoy, aim at solving among the current buoy electronic equipment power supply scheme, because the restriction of factors such as installation place and photovoltaic module efficiency, when installing the electronic equipment on the buoy increase power, the problem of the unable normal work of guarantee electronic equipment of power supply system.
The utility model discloses a realize like this, an off-grid photovoltaic power supply system that is used for the high-power load on the buoy, including photovoltaic power generation group, energy storage battery and power management group; the photovoltaic power generation set comprises 46 90W monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic components, the photovoltaic components are of a double-layer disc-shaped structure, 10 photovoltaic components in the top layer photovoltaic array are divided into 2 groups to be connected in parallel to generate 2-path photovoltaic arrays, every 4 photovoltaic components in the bottom layer photovoltaic array are connected in parallel to form 1 path to generate 9-path photovoltaic arrays, and each path of photovoltaic arrays is provided with 1-2 500Ah storage batteries to form an independent power supply module;
the power management group comprises a photovoltaic control circuit for improving photovoltaic output current, a DC-DC module for converting a total output power voltage into a voltage required by each controlled load and supplying power to the controlled load, and a DC-DC control circuit for controlling the DC-DC module to be electrified so as to control the controlled load to supply power in a time-sharing manner;
each path of photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic power generation set is connected with a photovoltaic control circuit, the photovoltaic control circuit is respectively connected with a DC-DC control circuit and an energy storage battery pack, and the DC-DC control circuit is connected with a DC-DC module.
Preferably, the photovoltaic control circuit comprises positive and negative electrode access ends PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg of the photovoltaic array, storage battery charging positive and negative electrode access ends POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg, a voltage-stabilized POWER supply circuit for stabilizing the voltage of the photovoltaic array and supplying POWER to the PWM circuit, a pulse width modulation PWM circuit and a voltage-reduction BUCK conversion circuit main loop for improving the output current of the photovoltaic array, and a switch circuit controlled by the photovoltaic voltage; wherein,
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic array are respectively connected with PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg, and the charging positive electrode and the charging negative electrode of the energy storage battery are respectively connected with POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg;
PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg are connected with a stabilized voltage supply circuit, the pulse width modulation PWM circuit and the voltage reduction BUCK conversion circuit main loop are sequentially connected, and the voltage reduction BUCK conversion circuit main loop is connected with POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg.
Preferably, the voltage-stabilized power supply circuit comprises a three-terminal voltage-stabilized integrated circuit U1 outputting 12V of voltage, filter capacitors C18, C21 and C22;
the pulse width modulation PWM circuit comprises a time base integrated circuit U2, a resistor R18, a resistor R19, a resistor R20, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a capacitor C19, a capacitor C20, a field effect transistor Q16, a field effect transistor Q17, a diode D42 and a diode D43;
the BUCK BUCK conversion circuit main loop comprises an inductor L1 and a diode D44;
the switching circuit comprises a triode Q15, a resistor R17, a voltage stabilizing diode D39, a voltage stabilizing diode D40, a voltage dependent resistor R15, a capacitor C17 and a diode D41; wherein,
the emitter of the triode Q15 is connected with PV _ Pos, the anode of the capacitor C16, and the cathode of the capacitor C16 is connected with the connection point of the output circuit a of PV _ Neg; the base electrode of the triode Q15 is connected with the end 1 of the resistor R17, and the collector electrode of the triode Q15 is connected with the anode of the diode D41; the 2 ends of the resistor R17 are respectively connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D39 and the anode of the capacitor C17; the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D39 is connected with the cathode of a voltage-stabilizing diode D40, and the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D40 is connected with the connection point of the output circuit b of PV _ Neg; the cathode of the capacitor C17 is connected to the output circuit C connection point of PV _ Neg;
the negative electrode of the diode D41 is respectively connected with the positive end of a filter capacitor C18 and the first end of a three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1, the third end of the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1 is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the filter capacitor C21 and the 1 end of the filter capacitor C22, and the negative electrode of the filter capacitor C18, the second end of the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1, the negative end of the filter capacitor C21 and the 2 end of the filter capacitor C22 are converged and then connected to the connection point of the output circuit D of the PV _ Neg;
the third end of the three-end voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1 is also respectively connected with a VCC end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 and a 1 end of the resistor R18; the DISC end of the time base integrated circuit U2 is connected with the positive end of a diode D42, the negative end of D43 and the 2 end of a resistor R18; the positive terminal of the diode D43 is connected with the 1 terminal of the resistor R19; the negative end of the diode D42 is connected with the 1 end of the resistor R20; the 2 end of the resistor R19 is connected and converged with the 2 end of the resistor R20, an output line of the junction is connected with the 1 end of the capacitor C19, and the other output end of the junction is respectively connected with the THR end and the TRIG end of the time-base integrated circuit U2; the 2 end of the capacitor C19 is connected to the output circuit e connection point of PV _ Neg;
the CVOLT end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is connected with the 1 end of a capacitor C20, the 2 end of the capacitor C20 is connected to the output circuit f connection point of PV _ Neg, and the GND end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is connected to the output circuit g connection point of PV _ Neg; the OUT end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is respectively connected with the 1 ends of resistors R21 and R22, and the 2 end of the resistor R22 is connected with the grid electrode of a field effect transistor Q16; the 2 end of the resistor R21 is connected with the gate of a field effect transistor Q17; the sources of the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are connected in parallel with the connection point of an output circuit h of the PV _ Neg, and the drains of the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are connected in parallel with the connection point of an output circuit i of the PV _ Neg; the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are arranged on the output circuit of the PV _ Neg and are positioned between the connection points h and i of the output circuit of the PV _ Neg;
the output end of the PV _ Pos is also connected with the cathode of the diode D44 and the input end of the POWER _ Pos respectively; the anode of the field effect diode D44 is connected to the output circuit j connection point of PV _ Neg, the output end of the output circuit j connection point of PV _ Neg is connected to the 1 end of the inductor L1, and the 2 end of the inductor L1 is connected to the POWER _ Neg input end;
the connection points a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i and j are respectively arranged on the output circuit of the PV _ Neg in sequence along the direction from the input to the output of the voltage.
Preferably, the photovoltaic control circuit further comprises a socket JP20 for connecting the discharge end of the energy storage battery pack, a circuit breaker S1 and a socket JP3 for connecting the DCDC control circuit; wherein the output terminal of the PV _ Pos is connected with the 1 pin of the input terminal of the socket JP 20; the socket JP20 at the discharge end of the storage battery pack is also connected with a circuit breaker S1 in series, and the power output at the discharge end of the storage battery is controlled through a circuit breaker S1; the circuit breaker S1 is connected to a socket JP 3.
Preferably, the photovoltaic control circuit further comprises a varistor R15 for preventing overvoltage and lightning strike, wherein the output terminal of PV _ Pos is further connected to terminal 1 of varistor R15, terminal 2 of varistor R15 is connected to a connection point of the output circuit of PV _ Neg, and the connection point is located between the output terminal of PV _ Neg and the connection point a.
Preferably, when the photovoltaic array is connected into the buoy body, the charging port of each battery pack is separated by a high-power Schottky rectifier diode, the discharging port of each battery pack is separated by a high-power Schottky rectifier diode, and each battery discharging port can bear the output of more than 250W; the discharging end of the battery pack is connected to the photovoltaic controller in a looped network connection mode.
Preferably, the off-grid photovoltaic power supply system further comprises a bracket, a buoy deck and a mast; wherein,
the photovoltaic module is arranged on the support, the top layer photovoltaic array is placed around the top platform of the mast, the bottom layer photovoltaic array is supported by the support and is installed at a position 3.0 m away from the deck of the buoy, the support is connected with the mast through a plurality of T-shaped connectors, and two holes are formed in the position, 2.5m away from the deck, of the mast to penetrate through a photovoltaic array cable to enter the buoy body.
Preferably, the T-shaped connecting piece is correspondingly connected with a reinforcing rib inside the mast.
Preferably, the horizontal inclination angle of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic power generation group is 5 degrees.
The utility model overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides an off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for a high-power load on a buoy, enlarges a photovoltaic array through the design of a double-layer disc-shaped structure array, improves the photovoltaic power generation capacity, and meets the requirement of a large load; by means of the mode that an independent photovoltaic power generation module is formed by one path of photovoltaic array, 1-2 storage batteries and one photovoltaic controller, when the power load is changed, the number of the photovoltaic power generation modules is correspondingly increased or decreased, and the requirements of different load sizes can be met; the designed photovoltaic control circuit improves the output current of the photovoltaic and improves the utilization rate of the photovoltaic; through the built-in high-power schottky rectifier diode of battery discharge mouth, the parallelly connected looped netowrk of battery discharge end is connected to photovoltaic control circuit, and battery parallel connection is convenient, and the looped netowrk is connected reliably, has improved convenience and reliability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a power supply schematic block diagram of the off-grid photovoltaic power supply system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic control circuit in the off-grid photovoltaic power supply system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a DC-DC control circuit in the off-grid photovoltaic power supply system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a storage battery with a built-in diode and a connection diagram of an energy storage battery pack in the off-grid photovoltaic power supply system of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer dish-shaped front structure of a photovoltaic cell module plate in the off-grid photovoltaic power supply system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a graph showing the I-V and P-V characteristics of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
An off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for a high-power load on a buoy is shown in figure 1 and comprises a photovoltaic power generation group, an energy storage battery pack and a power management group; wherein,
the photovoltaic power generation set comprises 46 photovoltaic modules as shown in fig. 5 and 6, wherein the photovoltaic modules are of a double-layer disc-shaped structure, 10 photovoltaic modules are divided into 2 groups to be connected in parallel to generate 2-path photovoltaic arrays, every 4 photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel to form 1 path of photovoltaic arrays at the bottom layer, 9 paths of photovoltaic arrays are generated, and each path of photovoltaic array is provided with 1-2 500Ah batteries to form an independent power supply module;
the power management group comprises a photovoltaic control circuit for improving photovoltaic output current, a DC-DC module for converting the total output power voltage into the voltage required by each controlled load and supplying power to the controlled load, and a DC-DC control circuit for controlling the DC-DC module to be electrified so as to control the controlled load to supply power;
each path of photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic power generation set is connected with a photovoltaic control circuit, the photovoltaic control circuit is respectively connected with a DC-DC control circuit and an energy storage battery pack, the DC-DC control circuit is connected with a DC-DC module, and the DC-DC module is connected with a controlled load.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, send concrete command control through a major control system and leave net photovoltaic power supply system work, wherein, major control system and DC-DC control circuit are connected.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, 4 ~ 5 photovoltaic module are parallelly connected through 3 ~ 43 logical connecting pieces, constitute photovoltaic array all the way, photovoltaic array's output connection photovoltaic controller, photovoltaic controller's the photovoltaic end that charges of connecting the battery. The structure forms a power supply module which can be used independently or in parallel, and can be combined correspondingly along with the change of load power, so that the use is convenient. Another reason why such a structure constitutes a photovoltaic array is that the influence of shadows on the photovoltaic output power can be reduced, and the shadows only affect the output power of the shielded components, and the unshielded photovoltaic components normally output. If the serial components form a group string, although the shadow only covers one component, the power output of the whole group string is affected, and the power is reduced.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the photovoltaic control circuit, as shown in fig. 2, includes the positive and negative access ends PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg of the photovoltaic array, the positive and negative access ends POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg of the battery charging, the regulated POWER supply circuit for stabilizing the voltage of the photovoltaic array to supply POWER to the PWM circuit, the PWM circuit for modulating the pulse width of the output current of the photovoltaic array, the main loop of the BUCK conversion circuit, and the switching circuit controlled by the photovoltaic voltage; wherein,
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic array are respectively connected with PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg, and the charging positive electrode and the charging negative electrode of the energy storage battery are respectively connected with POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg;
PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg are connected with a stabilized voltage supply circuit, the pulse width modulation PWM circuit and the voltage reduction BUCK conversion circuit main loop are sequentially connected, and the voltage reduction BUCK conversion circuit main loop is connected with POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg.
More specifically, the voltage-stabilized power supply circuit comprises a three-terminal voltage-stabilized integrated circuit U1 outputting 12V of voltage, filter capacitors C18, C21 and C22; the pulse width modulation PWM circuit comprises a time base integrated circuit U2, a resistor R18, a resistor R19, a resistor R20, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a capacitor C19, a capacitor C20, a field effect transistor Q16, a field effect transistor Q17, a diode D42 and a diode D43; the BUCK BUCK conversion circuit main loop comprises an inductor L1 and a diode D44; the switching circuit comprises a triode Q15, a resistor R17, a voltage stabilizing diode D39, a voltage stabilizing diode D40, a voltage dependent resistor R15, a capacitor C17 and a diode D41; the emitter of the triode Q15 is connected with PV _ Pos, the anode of the capacitor C16 is connected, and the cathode of the capacitor C16 is connected with the connection point of the output circuit a of PV _ Neg; the base electrode of the triode Q15 is connected with the end 1 of the resistor R17, and the collector electrode of the triode Q15 is connected with the anode of the diode D41; the 2 ends of the resistor R17 are respectively connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D39 and the anode of the capacitor C17; the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D39 is connected with the cathode of a voltage-stabilizing diode D40, and the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D40 is connected with the connection point of the output circuit b of PV _ Neg; the cathode of the capacitor C17 is connected to the output circuit C connection point of PV _ Neg; the negative electrode of the diode D41 is respectively connected with the positive end of a filter capacitor C18 and the first end of a three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1, the third end of the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1 is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the filter capacitor C21 and the 1 end of the filter capacitor C22, and the negative electrode of the filter capacitor C18, the second end of the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1, the negative end of the filter capacitor C21 and the 2 end of the filter capacitor C22 are converged and then connected to the connection point of the output circuit D of the PV _ Neg; the third end of the three-end voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1 is also respectively connected with a VCC end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 and a 1 end of the resistor R18; the DISC end of the time base integrated circuit U2 is connected with the positive end of a diode D42, the negative end of D43 and the 2 end of a resistor R18; the positive terminal of the diode D43 is connected with the 1 terminal of the resistor R19; the negative end of the diode D42 is connected with the 1 end of the resistor R20; the 2 end of the resistor R19 is connected and converged with the 2 end of the resistor R20, an output line of the junction is connected with the 1 end of the capacitor C19, and the other output end of the junction is respectively connected with the THR end and the TRIG end of the time-base integrated circuit U2; the 2 end of the capacitor C19 is connected to the output circuit e connection point of PV _ Neg; the CVOLT end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is connected with the 1 end of a capacitor C20, the 2 end of the capacitor C20 is connected to the output circuit f connection point of PV _ Neg, and the GND end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is connected to the output circuit g connection point of PV _ Neg; the OUT end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is respectively connected with the 1 ends of resistors R21 and R22, and the 2 end of the resistor R22 is connected with the grid electrode of a field effect transistor Q16; the 2 end of the resistor R21 is connected with the gate of a field effect transistor Q17; the sources of the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are connected in parallel with the connection point of an output circuit h of the PV _ Neg, and the drains of the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are connected in parallel with the connection point of an output circuit i of the PV _ Neg; the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are arranged on the output circuit of the PV _ Neg and are positioned between the connection points h and i of the output circuit of the PV _ Neg; the output end of the PV _ Pos is also connected with the cathode of the diode D44 and the input end of the POWER _ Pos respectively; the anode of the field effect diode D44 is connected to the output circuit j connection point of PV _ Neg, the output end of the output circuit j connection point of PV _ Neg is connected to the 1 end of the inductor L1, and the 2 end of the inductor L1 is connected to the POWER _ Neg input end; the connection points a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i and j are respectively arranged on the output circuit of the PV _ Neg in sequence along the direction from the input to the output of the voltage.
The working principle of the circuit is as follows: PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic array, and POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg are respectively connected with the charging positive electrode and the charging negative electrode of the storage battery. U1, C18, C21 and C22 form a stabilized voltage power supply circuit, U1 is a three-terminal stabilized voltage integrated circuit, the output direct voltage is 12V, and C18, C21 and C22 are filter capacitors. The U2 (time base integrated circuit), R18, R19, R20, R21, R22, C19 capacitor, C20 capacitor, field effect transistor Q16, field effect transistor Q17, diode D42 and diode D43 form a pulse width modulation PWM circuit. Wherein, the R18 resistor, the R19 resistor, the R20 resistor, the D42 diode, the D43 diode, the C19 capacitor and the time base integrated circuit U2 form an oscillating circuit, and a 3-pin of the time base integrated circuit U2 outputs a pulse width modulation PWM wave signal. Changing the magnitude of the resistors R19, R20 can change the duty cycle of the PWM wave. The field effect MOS tubes Q16 and Q17 are connected in parallel and controlled to be switched on or switched off by a PWM wave signal. The inductor L1 and the diode D44 form a main loop of the BUCK BUCK conversion circuit. R15 is a voltage dependent resistor, and can protect against overvoltage and lightning. Socket JP20(BAT _ discharge) is connected to the storage battery pack discharge terminal.
The triode Q15, the resistor R17, the zener diode D39, the zener diode D40, the R17, the capacitor C17 and the diode D41 form a switch circuit controlled by photovoltaic voltage, when the photovoltaic voltage is higher than the voltage of the voltage regulator tubes of the zener diodes D39 and D40, the switch tube of the triode Q15 is conducted, the photovoltaic voltage is transmitted to the voltage regulator integrated circuit U1 through the diode D41, the output voltage of the U1 serves as the working voltage of the time base circuit U2, and the time base circuit U2 starts to work. When the photovoltaic voltage is lower than the regulated voltage value of the voltage-stabilizing diodes D39 and D40, the triode Q15 switching tube is turned off, the voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1 has no output voltage, the time-base circuit U2 does not work, the field-effect tubes Q16 and Q17 are disconnected, namely the photovoltaic is disconnected with the charging end of the storage battery connected with the socket JP2(BAT _ CHARG).
Principle of increasing photovoltaic output current: according to the I-V (current-voltage) curve and the P-V (power-voltage) curve of the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic and the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic (the I-V current-voltage curve test and correction method are specified in GB/T6495.3-1996 photovoltaic device part 3: the measurement principle of the photovoltaic device used for the ground and the standard spectral irradiance data and the temperature and irradiance correction method of the I-V actual measurement characteristic of GB/T6495.4-1996 crystalline silicon photovoltaic device), and an exemplary curve is given, the I-V characteristic of the silicon photovoltaic cell is consistent with the characteristic shown in figure 7 and all the silicon photovoltaic cells have the same I-V characteristic trend, and figure 7 is the I-V and P-V characteristic curve of the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic 90W component tested by a photovoltaic component manufacturer), when the output voltage of the photovoltaic is higher than the maximum power point voltage, the photovoltaic open circuit voltage is reduced to the maximum power point voltage, the photovoltaic output power is increased along with the reduction of the output voltage, the photovoltaic output current is increased, and the charging current for the storage battery is increased when the storage battery is connected; when the photovoltaic output voltage is lower than the maximum power point voltage and higher than the voltage of the storage battery, the output current slightly increases along with the reduction of the voltage, and the charging current of the storage battery slightly increases when the storage battery pack is connected.
Because the on-off combination conditions of a plurality of load devices of the off-grid photovoltaic power generation system are more, the voltage and current variation range of photovoltaic output is large. By controlling the on and off of the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 through the PWM wave of the photovoltaic control circuit, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is properly reduced, the photovoltaic output voltage is about 80-90% of the original output voltage (determined according to the line length, the maximum working temperature, the loss and the like), and the output current of the photovoltaic module can be increased.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a schematic circuit diagram of the DC-DC control circuit is shown in fig. 3. The working principle of the circuit is as follows: the socket JP4(DC12P is 12V voltage) in the DC-DC control circuit diagram is connected to the discharge end of the storage battery pack through a breaker S1, namely, is connected to the socket JP3 in fig. 2, the VDCDC1 of the socket JP5 is connected to the input end of the DCDC module, and the Vcon1 is a control signal output by the main control system. When the output of the Vcon1 is at a high level of more than 5V, the NMOS fet Q6 enters a saturated state, and then the three parallel PMOS fets Q1, Q3, and Q5 are turned on, and the 12V voltage connected to the battery discharge terminal socket JP4 is transmitted to the input terminal of the DCDC module. When the output of Vcon1 is lower than 5V, the NMOS field effect transistor Q6 enters a cut-off state, three PMOS field effect transistors which are connected in parallel with Q1, Q3 and Q5 are cut off, and the 12V voltage output by the socket JP4 connected with the discharging end of the storage battery is disconnected with the input end of the DCDC module.
All loads of the buoy off-grid photovoltaic power generation system are divided into a normal power supply load and a time-sharing power supply load according to system properties, working time is distributed according to needs, and power consumption is reduced. The power supply of each load system is treated differently, the main control system is an equipment control core and needs to be supplied with power frequently, and a meteorological sensor and other various sensors contained in the main control system acquire data regularly; the video and camera system is controlled by the host computer to supply power, does not work at night, and tracks and extracts images when suspicious targets appear; the satellite communication system is controlled by the main control system to supply power and regularly receives satellite signal communication. Acoustic features, etc. are controlled to power the system. Each load such as a video system, a satellite communication system, an acoustic array system and the like needs one DCDC module for power supply, an input power supply of each DCDC module is controlled by one DCDC control circuit, and the DCDC module completes the function of converting 12V storage battery voltage into 5V, 12V and 24V voltage needed by each system.
The utility model discloses an in the practical application process, on 10 meters ocean buoy, should adopt modular power supply to be convenient for make up measures such as extension, photovoltaic power tracking improvement photovoltaic module power generation output, to reach the effect that drives the long ageing (250W non-maintaining) power supply of high-power load from net photovoltaic power generation supply system. Furthermore, the utility model relates to a power management photovoltaic control circuit has increased photovoltaic output current, has improved photovoltaic utilization efficiency, supplies power to each load timesharing through DC-DC control circuit, has reduced load average power.
In the embodiment of the present invention, more specifically, when the photovoltaic array is connected to the buoy body, the charging port of each battery pack is separated by a high power schottky rectifying diode, the discharging port of each battery pack is separated by a high power schottky rectifying diode, and each battery discharging port can bear an output of more than 250W; the discharging end of the battery pack is connected to the photovoltaic controller in a looped network connection mode.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a connection diagram of the battery pack and the photovoltaic controller is shown in fig. 4. The working principle is as follows: the battery pack uses 20 12V500AH lithium iron phosphate storage batteries, the total ampere hours of the energy storage battery pack reaches 10000AH, only 8 storage batteries are shown in figure 4, and the connection method of the rest storage batteries is consistent with that of BAT 1-8 shown in the figure. Two high-power Schottky rectifier diodes are arranged in each storage battery, such as D37 and D38 in a single storage battery principle diagram of the built-in diodes shown in figure 4, the high-power Schottky rectifier diode D37 is used for preventing photovoltaic reverse charging, and the high-power Schottky rectifier diode D38 is used for preventing the high-voltage storage battery from discharging to the low-voltage storage battery due to the voltage difference between the storage batteries when the storage batteries are connected in parallel. Therefore, the negative electrodes of the discharge ends of the storage batteries can be directly connected in parallel, and the positive electrodes can be directly connected in parallel. The advantage is that the storage battery can be connected nearby, simplifying the wiring of the storage battery.
The discharge ends of 20 storage batteries are connected in parallel to form a string of energy storage battery pack, and the positive and negative electrodes of the head and tail storage batteries are respectively connected with a pair of wires to a battery discharge socket JP10(BAT _ DISCHARG) to form looped network connection. The energy-storage battery pack has the advantages that if one positive electrode or negative electrode connecting line among the storage batteries is disconnected, all the energy-storage battery packs can still work normally, and the reliability of the batteries is improved. The socket JP10(BAT _ discharge) is connected to the socket JP20(BAT _ discharge) of the photovoltaic control circuit of fig. 2, and the DCDC control circuit is supplied with power through the breaker S1 after the socket JP 10. In addition, a connector of a socket JP10(BAT _ DISCHARG) is a total output power supply and also directly supplies power to the main control system.
In the embodiment of the present invention, more specifically, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the off-grid photovoltaic power supply system of the present invention further includes a bracket 1, a buoy deck (illustration omitted in the figure), and a mast 2; the photovoltaic module 3 is arranged on the support 1, the top layer photovoltaic array 31 is placed around a platform at the top of the mast 2, the bottom layer photovoltaic array 32 is supported by the support 1 and is installed at a position 3.0 meters away from a buoy deck, the support 1 is connected with the mast 2 through a plurality of T-shaped connectors 4, and two holes are formed in the position, 2.5m away from the buoy deck, of the mast 2 and penetrate through photovoltaic array cables to enter the buoy body.
More specifically, to make the connection more stable, the T-shaped connector 4 is correspondingly connected with a reinforcing rib inside the mast 2. More specifically, in order to avoid water accumulation on the photovoltaic modules, the horizontal inclination angle of each photovoltaic module 3 in the photovoltaic power generation group is 5 degrees.
Compare in prior art's shortcoming and not enough, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
(1) the utility model discloses a photovoltaic array and the big capacity power lithium battery that is used for the double-deck dish-shaped structure of 10 meters buoy are given first place to and are separated net photovoltaic power generation supply system, adopt modular power supply to be convenient for make up measures such as extension, photovoltaic control circuit improvement photovoltaic module electricity generation output current, reach the effect that drives the long ageing (250W non-maintaining) power supply of high-power load.
(2) The utility model relates to a power management photovoltaic control circuit has increased photovoltaic output current, has improved photovoltaic utilization efficiency, supplies power to each load timesharing through DC-DC control circuit, has reduced load average power.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for a high-power load on a buoy is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic power generation group, an energy storage battery group and a power management group; wherein,
the photovoltaic power generation set comprises 46 90W monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic modules are of a double-layer disc-shaped structure, 10 photovoltaic modules are divided into 2 groups to be connected in parallel to generate 2-path photovoltaic arrays, every 4 photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel to form 1 path of photovoltaic arrays at the bottom layer, 9 paths of photovoltaic arrays are generated, and each path of photovoltaic array is provided with 1-2 500Ah storage batteries to form an independent power supply module;
the power management group comprises a photovoltaic control circuit for improving photovoltaic output current, a DC-DC module for converting a total output power voltage into a voltage required by each controlled load and supplying power to the controlled load, and a DC-DC control circuit for controlling the DC-DC module to be electrified so as to control the controlled load to supply power in a time-sharing manner;
each path of photovoltaic array in the photovoltaic power generation set is connected with a photovoltaic control circuit, the photovoltaic control circuit is respectively connected with a DC-DC control circuit and an energy storage battery pack, and the DC-DC control circuit is connected with a DC-DC module.
2. The off-grid photovoltaic POWER supply system for the high-POWER load on the buoy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic control circuit comprises positive and negative electrode access terminals PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg of the photovoltaic array, storage battery charging positive and negative electrode access terminals POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg, a voltage-stabilized POWER supply circuit for stabilizing the voltage of the photovoltaic array to supply POWER to the PWM circuit, a pulse width modulation PWM circuit and a voltage reduction BUCK conversion circuit main loop for improving the output current of the photovoltaic array, and a switching circuit controlled by the photovoltaic voltage; wherein,
the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic array are respectively connected with PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg, and the charging positive electrode and the charging negative electrode of the energy storage battery are respectively connected with POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg;
PV _ Pos and PV _ Neg are connected with a stabilized voltage supply circuit, the pulse width modulation PWM circuit and the voltage reduction BUCK conversion circuit main loop are sequentially connected, and the voltage reduction BUCK conversion circuit main loop is connected with POWER _ Pos and POWER _ Neg.
3. The off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for high-power loads on buoys of claim 2, wherein the regulated power supply circuit comprises a three-terminal regulated integrated circuit U1 outputting 12V, filter capacitors C18, C21, C22;
the pulse width modulation PWM circuit comprises a time base integrated circuit U2, a resistor R18, a resistor R19, a resistor R20, a resistor R21, a resistor R22, a capacitor C19, a capacitor C20, a field effect transistor Q16, a field effect transistor Q17, a diode D42 and a diode D43;
the BUCK BUCK conversion circuit main loop comprises an inductor L1 and a diode D44;
the switching circuit comprises a triode Q15, a resistor R17, a voltage stabilizing diode D39, a voltage stabilizing diode D40, a voltage dependent resistor R15, a capacitor C17 and a diode D41; wherein,
the emitter of the triode Q15 is connected with PV _ Pos, the anode of the capacitor C16, and the cathode of the capacitor C16 is connected with the connection point of the output circuit a of PV _ Neg; the base electrode of the triode Q15 is connected with the end 1 of the resistor R17, and the collector electrode of the triode Q15 is connected with the anode of the diode D41; the 2 ends of the resistor R17 are respectively connected with the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D39 and the anode of the capacitor C17; the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D39 is connected with the cathode of a voltage-stabilizing diode D40, and the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D40 is connected with the connection point of the output circuit b of PV _ Neg; the cathode of the capacitor C17 is connected to the output circuit C connection point of PV _ Neg;
the negative electrode of the diode D41 is respectively connected with the positive end of a filter capacitor C18 and the first end of a three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1, the third end of the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1 is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the filter capacitor C21 and the 1 end of the filter capacitor C22, and the negative electrode of the filter capacitor C18, the second end of the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1, the negative end of the filter capacitor C21 and the 2 end of the filter capacitor C22 are converged and then connected to the connection point of the output circuit D of the PV _ Neg;
the third end of the three-end voltage-stabilizing integrated circuit U1 is also respectively connected with a VCC end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 and a 1 end of the resistor R18; the DISC end of the time base integrated circuit U2 is connected with the positive end of a diode D42, the negative end of D43 and the 2 end of a resistor R18; the positive terminal of the diode D43 is connected with the 1 terminal of the resistor R19; the negative end of the diode D42 is connected with the 1 end of the resistor R20; the 2 end of the resistor R19 is connected and converged with the 2 end of the resistor R20, an output line of the junction is connected with the 1 end of the capacitor C19, and the other output end of the junction is respectively connected with the THR end and the TRIG end of the time-base integrated circuit U2; the 2 end of the capacitor C19 is connected to the output circuit e connection point of PV _ Neg;
the CVOLT end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is connected with the 1 end of a capacitor C20, the 2 end of the capacitor C20 is connected to the output circuit f connection point of PV _ Neg, and the GND end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is connected to the output circuit g connection point of PV _ Neg; the OUT end of the time-base integrated circuit U2 is respectively connected with the 1 ends of resistors R21 and R22, and the 2 end of the resistor R22 is connected with the grid electrode of a field effect transistor Q16; the 2 end of the resistor R21 is connected with the gate of a field effect transistor Q17; the sources of the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are connected in parallel with the connection point of an output circuit h of the PV _ Neg, and the drains of the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are connected in parallel with the connection point of an output circuit i of the PV _ Neg; the field effect transistors Q16 and Q17 are arranged on the output circuit of the PV _ Neg and are positioned between the connection points h and i of the output circuit of the PV _ Neg;
the output end of the PV _ Pos is also connected with the cathode of the diode D44 and the input end of the POWER _ Pos respectively; the anode of the field effect diode D44 is connected to the output circuit j connection point of PV _ Neg, the output end of the output circuit j connection point of PV _ Neg is connected to the 1 end of the inductor L1, and the 2 end of the inductor L1 is connected to the POWER _ Neg input end;
the connection points a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i and j are respectively arranged on the output circuit of the PV _ Neg in sequence along the direction from the input to the output of the voltage.
4. The off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for high-power loads on buoys according to claim 3, wherein the photovoltaic control circuit further comprises a socket JP20 for connecting the discharge end of the energy storage battery pack, a circuit breaker S1 and a socket JP3 for connecting the DCDC control circuit; wherein the output terminal of the PV _ Pos is connected with the 1 pin of the input terminal of the socket JP 20; the socket JP20 at the discharge end of the storage battery pack is also connected with a circuit breaker S1 in series, and the power output at the discharge end of the storage battery is controlled through a circuit breaker S1; the circuit breaker S1 is connected to a socket JP 3.
5. The off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for high-power loads on buoys as claimed in claim 4, wherein the photovoltaic control circuit further comprises a varistor R15 for protection against overvoltage and lightning strikes, wherein the output of PV _ Pos is further connected to terminal 1 of varistor R15, terminal 2 of varistor R15 is connected to a connection point of the output circuit of PV _ Neg, and the connection point is located between the PV _ Neg output and the connection point a.
6. The off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for high power loads on buoys according to claim 5, wherein the charging port of each battery pack is separated by a high power schottky rectifier diode when the photovoltaic array is inserted into the buoy body, the discharging port of each battery pack is separated by a high power schottky rectifier diode, and each battery discharging port can bear an output of more than 250W; the discharging end of the battery pack is connected to the photovoltaic controller in a looped network connection mode.
7. The off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for high power loads on buoys of claim 6, further comprising a support, a buoy deck, and a mast; wherein,
the photovoltaic module is arranged on the support, the top layer photovoltaic array is placed around the top platform of the mast, the bottom layer photovoltaic array is supported by the support and is installed at a position 3.0 m away from the deck of the buoy, the support is connected with the mast through a plurality of T-shaped connectors, and two holes are formed in the position, 2.5m away from the deck, of the mast to penetrate through a photovoltaic array cable to enter the buoy body.
8. The off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for high power loads on buoys according to claim 7, wherein the T-shaped connectors are correspondingly connected with the reinforcing ribs inside the mast.
9. The off-grid photovoltaic power supply system for high-power loads on buoys of claim 8, wherein the horizontal tilt angle of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic power generation group is 5 degrees.
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| CN104270066A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2015-01-07 | 常熟理工学院 | Off-net photovoltaic power supply system for high-power load on buoy |
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| CN104270066A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2015-01-07 | 常熟理工学院 | Off-net photovoltaic power supply system for high-power load on buoy |
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