CN204010443U - Archimedes principle teaching and experimental demonstration instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument, which mainly consists of a base substrate, a stand installed on the base substrate, a winding shaft, a water holding cup, a water collecting cup, a buoyancy display, a gravity display, a buoyancy sensor, a gravity The sensor and the intelligent data processor installed in the base plate are composed of the buoyancy sensor and the gravity sensor to collect the data of the gravity of the object immersed in the water and the gravity of the discharged water, which are calculated and processed by the intelligent data processor. It can directly display the experimental results of "the buoyancy of the object" and "the gravity of the drainage", so that students can quickly establish the correlation between the "buoyancy of the object" and the "gravity of the drainage" by observing the buoyancy phenomenon, and can quickly Guide students to deeply understand and master the basic knowledge of the law of buoyancy, which has an excellent prospect of promotion and application in middle school physics experiment teaching.

Description

Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument

technical field

The utility model relates to a teaching experiment demonstration instrument for Archimedes' principle, which belongs to the technical field of physical teaching aids. It is especially suitable for demonstrating Archimedes' law of buoyancy experimentally in the classroom, and has obvious effects on improving the quality of physics teaching.

Background technique

We know that the expression of the law of buoyancy in middle school physics teaching is: buoyancy means that an object immersed in a static fluid is subjected to the resultant force of forces from all directions of the fluid, and the buoyancy of the object is equal to the gravity of the fluid displaced by the object. This law of buoyancy was first discovered by the famous ancient Greek scholar Archimedes, so it is also called "Archimedes' law of buoyancy", also known as "Archimedes' principle". Its mathematical expression is: F=G=mg=Vpg. In the above expression: F is the buoyancy; G is the gravity of the displaced fluid; m is the mass of the displaced fluid; g is the acceleration of gravity; V is the volume of the displaced fluid; ρ is the density of the fluid.

In junior high school physics courses, the law of buoyancy is a key teaching chapter, and it is also a difficult teaching point. Most teachers use experimental teaching methods to guide students to observe buoyancy phenomena and gradually understand and master the basic knowledge of the law of buoyancy. Because of this, experimental teaching aids related to Archimedes' principle occupy a special position and role in middle school physics teaching. It is understood that the following experimental methods are used in our country's ninth grade physics textbooks to demonstrate Archimedes' principle: 1. First use a spring balance to measure the gravity of the object and the water collection cup respectively, which are respectively recorded as W ₁ and G ₁ ; 2. To Fill the container with water to the overflow port, and then place the water collection cup under the overflow port of the container to collect the overflow water; 3. Hand-hold a spring scale to immerse the suspended object in water, measure the gravity of the object when it is immersed in the water, and record it as W ₂ ; then use a spring balance to measure the gravity of the water collecting cup that has overflowed water, which is denoted as G ₂ ; 4. Arrange the data recorded by the above two groups of measurements: subtract the data of the two measurements of the gravity of the object (W ₁ ― W ₂ ) is the buoyancy F of the object submerged in water; the subtraction of the data of the gravity of the two water collection cups (G ₂ -G ₁ ) is the _gravity G of the collected overflow water. Through analysis and comparison, it can be concluded that buoyancy F=(W ₁ ―W ₂ )=(G ₂ ―G ₁ )=G _drainage . So far, the teaching content of the experimental demonstration "Archimedes'principle" has been completed. However, in our long-term engagement in physics teaching, we have also found that this traditional experimental method also has some shortcomings in classroom teaching. The specific performance is that the operation of hand-held spring scales to measure weight is extremely troublesome, and the scale of spring scales is small. Poor, which will cause large errors in the experimental results, especially when demonstrating the buoyancy law of the part of the object immersed in water, the object is easy to drift and shake, causing the spring balance to vibrate up and down, often appearing "the volume of the overflow water is not the same as the volume of the immersed part of the object." etc., which will seriously affect the teaching effect of the experimental demonstration. In addition, the operation of measuring readings, recording and sorting during the experiment is complicated and lengthy and takes a long time in the classroom, which will also affect the intuitiveness and interest of the experimental demonstration, thereby disturbing and weakening students' ability to understand physical laws.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned inadequacies existing in the existing experimental teaching aids, and to propose a teaching experiment demonstration instrument for Archimedes principle which is convenient for demonstration operation, can automatically process measurement data and quickly display experimental results.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved according to the following technical solutions:

The utility model proposes an Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument, which includes a base plate, a stand installed on the base plate, a water holding cup, a water collecting cup and objects, and an overflow pipe is arranged on the wall of the water holding cup , it is characterized in that: a buoyancy indicator, a gravity indicator and a support for supporting the winding shaft are fixedly installed on the stand, and the lifting winding of the buoyancy sensor is wound on the winding shaft, and the said object is suspended on the The lower end of the buoyancy sensor is located above the mouth of the water cup, and a gravity sensor is hung on the stand by a string. The base substrate is equipped with an intelligent data processor. Its remarkable structural features are: it uses the buoyancy sensor and gravity sensor mounted on the stand to continuously collect measurement data and convert it into an electrical signal input to the intelligent data processor. After calculation and processing by the intelligent data processor, the buoyancy The monitor and the gravity monitor directly display the experimental results of "the buoyancy of an object immersed in water" and "drainage gravity", and then guide students to conduct comparative analysis to quickly establish the relationship between "drainage gravity" and "object's buoyancy" It can effectively enhance students' interest in physics experiments, and has obvious effects on enhancing learning ability and improving physics teaching level.

Furthermore, the utility model also has the following technical characteristics:

The intelligent data processor includes a single-chip microcomputer, a power supply circuit, a buoyancy conversion circuit, a buoyancy module, a gravity conversion circuit, a gravity module and an output/input interface. This modular structure design has the advantages of fast computing speed, strong data processing capability, and quick display of experimental results.

A winding wheel is fixedly fitted on the winding shaft, and the lifting winding is wrapped around the winding wheel. This structural design is particularly convenient for lifting and lowering the object and can keep the object in good stability during the lifting process.

A damping sleeve is fitted on the bobbin. The purpose of setting the damping sleeve is to make the object have good stability during the process of falling and immersing in water and can be placed in any position smoothly, which can greatly reduce the drift and shake of the object and avoid the phenomenon of the spring balance from vibrating up and down. It can effectively overcome the disadvantages of large experimental errors caused by "the volume of the overflow water is not equal to the volume of the immersed part of the object". Principle", which has a significant effect on further improving the quality of experimental teaching.

Equipped with a zero button on the gravity sensor. This unique structural design can automatically deduct the self-weight of the water collection cup during the experiment and directly display the gravity G _drainage of the drainage. It also has a certain effect on enhancing the intuitiveness of the experimental demonstration and improving the quality of experimental teaching.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following substantive features and progress:

The utility model pioneers a weighing structure in which a buoyancy display, a gravity display, a buoyancy sensor and a gravity sensor are mounted on the stand, and the buoyancy sensor and the gravity sensor are used to respectively collect the gravity of the block immersed in water and the gravity of drainage The measurement data is converted into electrical signals and input to the intelligent data processor, and then the intelligent data processor performs calculation and processing, and the experimental results of "the object is subjected to buoyancy" and "drainage gravity" can be directly displayed, which can make students understand clearly in the experiment Observing the buoyancy phenomenon accurately and quickly establishing the correlation between the "drainage gravity" and "the buoyancy on the object" can quickly guide students to deeply understand and master the basic knowledge of "Archimedes' principle".

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model, also makes summary accompanying drawing.

Fig. 2 is a working principle module block diagram of the intelligent data processor of the present invention.

Explanation of the marks in the attached drawings:

1 is the base plate, 2 is the water cup, 3 is the stand, 4 is the lifting handle, 5 is the object, 6 is the damping sleeve, 7 is the winding shaft, 8 is the buoyancy indicator, 9 is the winding wheel, 10 is the gravity Display, 11 is a support, 12 is a lifting winding, 13 is a buoyancy sensor, 14 is an overflow pipe, 15 is a string, 16 is a zero button, 17 is a gravity sensor, 18 is a water collection cup, 19 is a power switch, 20 It is battery, and 21 is an intelligent data processor.

Detailed ways

Further describe embodiment of the present utility model below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

An Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument, which mainly consists of a base substrate 1, a stand 3 installed on the base substrate 1, a water cup 2 provided with an overflow pipe 14, a water collection cup 18, a buoyancy display 8, and a buoyancy sensor 13 , a gravity display 10, a gravity sensor 17, a bobbin 7 equipped with a reel 9, an intelligent data processor 21 fitted in the base substrate 1, and a battery 20 are formed, and the two ends of the bobbin 7 are formed by a damping sleeve 6 Supported on the stand 3 and the support 11 installed on the stand 3, the winding wheel 9 is fixed with a winding lifting winding 12, and the buoyancy sensor 13 is suspended and mounted on the lower end of the lifting winding 12. The lower end of the buoyancy sensor 13 is suspended as an experimental block 5 and the block 5 is positioned above the mouth of the water cup 2. The stand 3 is hung with a gravity sensor 17 by a string 15, and the water collection cup 18 It is suspended on the lower end of the gravity sensor 17 and is located below the outlet pipe mouth of the overflow pipe 14 of the water storage cup 2. The buoyancy indicator 8 and the gravity indicator 10 are fixedly installed on the stand 3 at the positions corresponding to the buoyancy sensor 13 and the gravity sensor 17. , the intelligent data processor 21 includes a single-chip microcomputer, a power circuit, a buoyancy conversion circuit, a buoyancy module, a gravity conversion circuit, a gravity module and an output/input interface. It should be noted that: the operating program of "subtracting the initial gravity of the object not immersed in water from the gravity after the object is immersed in water" is preset in the single-chip microcomputer, so that it can directly display the buoyancy of the object immersed in water on the buoyancy display 8 , the gravity sensor 17 is equipped with a zero button 16, when the zero button 16 is pressed, the gravity display 10 can directly display the gravity of the collected drainage after deducting the self weight of the water collection cup 18. When carrying out the experiment demonstration: first put the Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument proposed by the utility model flat on the table, add water to the mouth of the overflow pipe 14 in the water storage cup 2, and then open it after checking Power switch 19, after the initialization of each module of intelligent data processor 21, buoyancy sensor 13 can measure the initial gravity when object block 5 is not immersed in water and store the data in the single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer presses " the initial gravity of object block is not immersed in water and object Subtract gravity after block immersion" program to calculate and process: before object block 5 is immersed in water, the buoyancy value shown on buoyancy display 8 is "0", and the numerical value of water collection cup 18 self-weight is displayed on gravity display 10, when pressing down After the zero button 16, the gravity value displayed by the gravity display 10 becomes "0", which is the gravity after deducting the self-weight of the water collection cup 18. At this point, the experimental operation can be carried out. Turn the lifting handle 4 to make the block 5 drop at a uniform speed through the winding wheel 9 and slowly immerse in the water in the water cup 2. When the block 5 contacts the water surface, it is gradually immersed in the water until it is completely immersed in the water. During the process, the buoyancy sensor 13 will continuously measure the gravity of the object block 5, and the buoyancy conversion circuit will input the electrical signal into the single-chip microcomputer for calculation and processing, and then output the signal to the buoyancy display 8 through the buoyancy module, so that the buoyancy display 8 can be displayed continuously. Displaying the value of the buoyancy that the block 5 is subjected to during the whole process of being partially immersed in water until it is fully immersed in water, we will observe that the buoyancy value displayed on the buoyancy indicator 8 increases gradually. At the same time, because the object 5 is gradually immersed in the water, the amount of water discharged through the overflow pipe 14 from the water holding cup 2 will also increase thereupon. Gravity and the gravity conversion circuit will input the electric signal into the single chip microcomputer for calculation and processing, and then output the signal to the gravity display 10 through the gravity module, so that the gravity value of the discharged water can be continuously displayed on the gravity display 10, and we will observe: Gravity display 10 The displayed gravity value also increases gradually. When the block 5 stops at any position in the process of submerging the body, the buoyancy value at this position and the fixed value of the gravity value of the discharged water will be displayed on the buoyancy display 8 and the gravity display 10 respectively, and we will observe: At any position where the block 5 is immersed in water, the buoyancy value displayed by the buoyancy indicator 8 is equal to the gravity value of the discharged water displayed by the gravity indicator 10 . The same experimental results can be obtained through repeated observation and comparison of repeated experiments in groups. At this point, the Archimedes principle that "the buoyancy of a block at any position immersed in the water body is equal to the gravity of the water discharged at this position" can be perfectly verified through the experimental demonstration, which is helpful for quickly guiding students to understand And mastering the basic knowledge of the law of buoyancy has a very obvious teaching effect.

It should be noted that: between the two groups of experiments, it is only necessary to continue adding water to the water storage cup 2 without pouring out the remaining water in the water collection cup 18 in time, as long as the zero-setting button 16 is pressed, the remaining water and the water collection cup can be automatically deducted With a self-weight of 18, the next experiment can be carried out immediately, which has a certain effect on improving the efficiency of the experiment and saving precious classroom experiment time.

Claims (5)

1. A teaching experiment demonstration instrument for Archimedes principle, which includes a base plate (1), a stand (3) installed on the base plate (1), a water holding cup (2), a water collecting cup (18) and objects (5), an overflow pipe (14) is arranged on the cup wall of the water holding cup (2), and it is characterized in that: a buoyancy indicator (8), a gravity indicator (10) and a support ring are fixedly installed on the stand (3). The support (11) of the bobbin (7), on the bobbin (7) is wound the lifting winding (12) of the suspended buoyancy sensor (13), and the object (5) is suspended from the buoyancy sensor (13) The lower end is located above the mouth of the water holding cup (2), and a gravity sensor (17) is suspended on the stand (3) by a string (15), and the water collecting cup (18) is suspended on The lower end of the gravity sensor (17) is located below the water outlet of the overflow pipe (14) of the water storage cup (2), and an intelligent data processor (21) is equipped in the base substrate (1). 2. The Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the intelligent data processor (21) includes a single-chip microcomputer, a power supply circuit, a buoyancy conversion circuit, a buoyancy module, a gravity conversion circuit, Gravity module and output/input interface. 3. The Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the winding wheel (9) is fixedly equipped on the winding shaft (7), and the lifting winding (12 ) around the winding wheel (9). 4. The Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a damping bushing (6) is fitted on the winding shaft (7). 5. The Archimedes principle teaching experiment demonstration instrument according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the gravity sensor (17) is equipped with a zero-setting button (16).