CN203981557U - A kind of swinging friction coefficient measurement mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of swinging friction coefficient measurement mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN203981557U CN203981557U CN201320726300.9U CN201320726300U CN203981557U CN 203981557 U CN203981557 U CN 203981557U CN 201320726300 U CN201320726300 U CN 201320726300U CN 203981557 U CN203981557 U CN 203981557U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of swinging friction coefficient measurement mechanism, it comprises: position sensing unit, and it is connected with pendulum, for measuring the pendulum angle of pendulum; CPU (central processing unit), it is connected with described position sensing unit communication, the actual value of the friction factor in the measurand contacting while swing with the pendulum in swing arm according to the calculating of friction factor algorithm with the pendulum angle based on recording, then calibrates according to predetermined calibration factor the friction factor recording; Display, show in real time the friction factor after calibration, interface unit, it is connected with described position sensing unit, for described position sensing unit and CPU (central processing unit) are carried out to interface, to transmit the data of being to and between described position sensing unit and described CPU (central processing unit).Adopt numeral to show and substitute mechanical indicating pointer, measurement result can not be subject to the impact of pointer tightening state, and measurement data more accurately and reliably.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to observation and control technology field, in particular to a kind of digitizing swinging friction coefficient measurement mechanism.
Background technology
The non-skid property of road surface, airfield runway is the guardian technique index that is related to vehicle, aircraft driving safety.Along with the development of communications and transportation cause, the anti-skidding problem on the surface such as highways and streets and airfield runway, has caused the generally attention of relevant department.
Pendulum friction coefficient determinator (being called for short " portable pendulum tester ") is a kind of instrument of measuring the skin-friction coefficients such as highway, airfield runway, roadmarking, building stones, also can be used for the mensuration of typical surface friction coefficient, as the important evidence of determining doughnut formula.It is to carry out friction coefficient measurement according to " when the elevation loss of pendulum equals to be installed on swing arm end sheet rubber and slips over measured surface, overcoming friction institute work " this ultimate principle.
Portable pendulum tester, because it is easy to carry, maneuverability, is applicable to on-the-spot test and testing laboratory's test, applies comparatively extensive.Common pointer portable pendulum tester measurement data is subject to the impact of pointer resistance larger, and different operators is because of to pointer strength of adjustment difference, and measured result also has larger difference.And, before test, need to repeatedly adjust clamp nut so that pointer returns to zero, in test process, also often there is pine or tension phenomenon in pointer, need re-start adjustment, measures efficiency not high.
Existing pointer portable pendulum tester as shown in Figure 1, it utilizes mechanical indicator 101 to indicate pendulum value, after pendulum 102 is released, is moved by the jackscrew push pointer 101 on fork top, and the extreme higher position of the swing resting on, now the reading of pointer 101 is the value that portable pendulum tester is surveyed.For preventing that measuring process pointer 101 from shaking, the pressure that adopts degree of tightness setting nut 103 to adjust between pointer 101 and frame, to regulate the friction force of frame to pointer 101, plays the effect of supporting pointer 101.Between pointer and frame, felt collar is installed, the friction force for increasing frame to pointer 101.As shown in Figure 1, also show base leveller, it comprises: leveling bolt 104 and air level 105.
The key step that adopts pointer portable pendulum tester to carry out surface friction coefficient measurement is:
Leveling step: portable pendulum tester is placed in to the position to be measured on clean road surface, rotates leveling bolt 104, make air level 104 placed in the middle;
Pointer zeroing step: portable pendulum tester is adjusted to the height that can freely swing, discharges pendulum 105 and make it drive pointer 101 to swing, screwed or unscrewed the setting nut 103 of pendulum by pinch grip 106, the pointed 0 while making empty pendulum is worth position;
Check sliding length step: adjust the height of portable pendulum tester by lifting handle 109, making pendulum 105 and the contact length on tested road surface is 126mm or 76mm length as shown in Figure 1;
Pendulum 102 is fixed on the cantilever of right side, pendulum is horizontal, and pointer 101 is allocated to right-hand member and pendulum 102 parallel places;
When road surface is during in moisture state, by the release-push 108 on lower cantalever, make to put 102 and slip on road surface, read measurement result;
Repeat above-mentioned two steps repeatedly, for example 5 times, read to remember the pendulum value of each mensuration;
By the surface temperature of thermometer measure point position, each measuring point is surveyed 3 single-points, averages as measuring point typical value;
Carry out the temperature correction of measured value according to scene temperature.
The major defect of prior art has:
1) mechanical indicating pointer adopts setting nut to fix, because of the sense of rotation of setting nut identical or contrary with the direction of motion of test process pointer, even if pointer has completed zeroing, in test process, also can affect because of the frequent swing of pointer setting nut, thereby occur that pointer fluffs or becomes tight situation, therefore can have influence on the precision of portable pendulum tester measurement friction factor;
2) zeroing of mechanical indicating pointer operation depends on that operating personnel screw the assurance of dynamics to degree of tightness setting nut, more loaded down with trivial details, generally needs to consume the more time;
3) existing portable pendulum tester does not possess data-storage system, need remember result by manual read, and the workload of execute-in-place is larger, is unfavorable for that the post analysis of data and report arrange yet;
4) existing portable pendulum tester does not possess temperature correction function, needs field notes temperature and carries out a large amount of post-processed work.
A kind of digitizing pendulum friction coefficient determinator and measuring method of high-acruracy survey need to be provided for this reason.
Utility model content
The utility model, for the deficiencies in the prior art, has proposed a kind of swinging friction coefficient measurement mechanism, and it comprises:
Frame;
Swing arm, its one end is rotatably mounted in described frame one side;
Position sensing unit, it is connected in described swing arm, to measure the pendulum angle of pendulum, wherein, described position sensing unit comprises Non-contact Angle Measurement unit, described Non-contact Angle Measurement unit comprises magnetic induction parts and swiveling wheel, and described swiveling wheel is arranged in the rotating shaft of pendulum and is concentric with described rotating shaft, and described magnetic induction parts are arranged in described swing arm to detect swiveling wheel with the moving angle of rotation;
Display, it is arranged in described frame, to show friction factor;
Interface unit, it is connected with described position sensing unit.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described device also comprises the temperature sensor being connected with described interface unit, it is for detection of the temperature on measuring point and send display to by CPU (central processing unit) in real time, makes except showing the friction factor after calibration, also to show on display the temperature of test environment.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described device also comprises input block, and it for receiving user's model selection input in the time that test starts.
According to an embodiment of the present utility model, described input block is keyboard, and it comprises model selection button, digital keys, direction key and " preparation ", " ready " button.
The utility model has brought following beneficial effect:
1) adopt digital display mode, do not adopt mechanical indicating pointer, measurement result can not be subject to the impact of pointer tightening state, and measurement data more accurately and reliably;
2) null value that adopts embedded processing systems to realize digitizing portable pendulum tester is demarcated, and calibration process need not be adjusted mechanical part, and test process can not have influence on demarcation state;
3) embedded processing systems is furnished with the memory storage of enough capacity, can real time record measurement data, realize " with no paper at all " measurement, and measurement result can be carried out post-processed by online importing computing machine;
4) system configuration has temperature sensor, can Real-time Obtaining measuring point temperature, and carry out temperature correction by algorithm software, the revised result of baseline results and temperature is preserved simultaneously, saves a large amount of post-processed work;
5) in pendulum value calculating method, introduce calibration factor, can realize by revising the calibration factor of software the metering of instrument and trace to the source, can save time and the expense of most of apparatus guarantee adjustment.
Other features and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in the following description, and partly from instructions, become apparent, or understand by implementing the utility model.The purpose of this utility model and other advantages can be realized and be obtained by specifically noted structure in instructions, claims and accompanying drawing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 has shown a kind of pendulum friction coefficient determinator of prior art, and wherein display device comprises pointer and scale;
Fig. 2 is according to the structured flowchart of the digitizing swinging friction coefficient determinator of an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram that adopts measuring friction coefficient device to measure according to the utility model;
Fig. 4 is according to the schematic diagram of swinging friction coefficient determinator of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram that adopts measuring friction coefficient device to measure according to the utility model the first embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram that adopts measuring friction coefficient device to measure according to the second embodiment of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Describe embodiment of the present utility model in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing, to the utility model, how application technology means solve technical matters whereby, and the implementation procedure of reaching technique effect can fully understand and implement according to this.It should be noted that, only otherwise form conflict, each feature in the each embodiment of the utility model and each embodiment can mutually combine, and the technical scheme forming is all within protection domain of the present utility model.
The utility model increases friction factor self-operated measuring unit 200 as shown in Figure 2 on the basis of existing pendulum type friction measuring system.
Comprise CPU (central processing unit) (CPU) 201, input block 202 (for example 4*4 keyboard), display 203, interface unit 204, storer 205 and temperature sensing unit 207 and position sensing unit 208 at this device 200.
Position sensing unit 208 is connected with pendulum, for measuring the pendulum angle of pendulum.In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, position sensing unit 208 comprises Non-contact Angle Measurement unit 408, its for example adopt IGS05-128-T1024 type split magnetic inductive scrambler as main measuring unit scrambler or, also can adopt the split type photoelectric encoder of RTK6035-1024T type.No matter adopt which kind of scrambler all not as restriction of the present utility model.Scrambler can comprise noncontact inductive means 408a and swiveling wheel 408b.This design is adapted to the installation in little space and has adopted senior safeguard measure, can be used for rugged surroundings.In the embodiment of split magnetic inductive scrambler, this Non-contact Angle Measurement unit is taking magnetic field theory as basis, integration magnetic strength original paper is designed to induction type noncontact inductive means and responds to the number of teeth information on swiveling wheel, and is processed into sine wave (1Vpp) or square wave (TTL) signal with circuit calibrating signal or splitting signal.Swiveling wheel 408b is arranged on swing shaft, and there is very high concentricity with swinging center, ensure beat meet the requirements prescribed for example 0.2mm scope of swiveling wheel 408b in pendulum active procedure, inductive means is arranged on cantilever and with swiveling wheel and keeps specific position relationship.When rotation is moved, driven rotary wheel rotates, and produces the square-wave signal being directly proportional to rotational angle in inductive means, and this signal is through gathering and be converted to angle signal, for the calculating of value.
The utility model can also adopt normal optical photoelectric coder and shaft joint etc. to realize measurement of angle.Angle measuring sensor can substitute with normal optical photoelectric coder, shaft joint and fixed support, install shaft joint additional in the outer end of the rotation axis of fork, the axle of connection of rotating axle and photoelectric encoder, makes the axle of photoelectric encoder synchronize and to rotate with the rotating shaft of fork, realizes the measurement of fork corner.Adopt these concrete modes of implementing all to fall within the scope that the utility model will protect according to principle of the present utility model.
Next, CPU (central processing unit) 201 as shown in Figure 2 communicates to connect with position sensing unit 208, the actual value of the friction factor in the measurand contacting while swing with the pendulum in swing arm according to the calculating of friction factor algorithm with the pendulum angle based on recording, then calibrates according to predetermined calibration factor the friction factor recording.
Friction factor algorithm as shown in the formula:
In formula (1), μ is the friction factor recording, and m represents the quality of pendulum, and g is acceleration of gravity, pendulum angle when θ is test, θ
0pendulum angle during for the empty pendulum of pendulum.The empty pendulum of pendulum is that swing process pendulum does not contact with any, and said pendulum angle is the angle of fork and vertical direction here
The utility model is calibrated measured friction factor according to following formula:
μ
school=μ × C
1+ C
2(2)
Wherein C
1and C
2for calibration factor, μ
schoolfor the friction factor after calibration.Determining of the formula alignment factor can be carried out matching and obtain by the more high-precision measurement mechanism of the friction factor curve recording under certain condition of measurement mechanism of the present utility model and access authentication being recorded under the same conditions to friction factor curve.C1 is equivalent to slope, and C2 is equivalent to intercept.Can through type (2) be eliminated by the stochastic error of the systematic error of measurement mechanism and other reasons substantially like this.
In practical application of the present utility model, CPU (central processing unit) 201 can be for example STM32F103R8T6 type enhancement mode microcontroller, and the core processor of this controller is ARM Cortex-M3
tM.
The performance parameter of this chip is as follows: be of a size of 32-position, its travelling speed is 72MHz, supports CAN, I2C, IrDA, LIN, SPI, UART/USART, USB interface, and RAM capacity is 20kB × 8, voltage (Vcc/Vdd) is 2V～3.6V, and working temperature is-40 DEG C～85 DEG C.
Display 203 shows the friction factor after calibration in real time.Display 203 can adopt the Liquid Crystal Module of JLX12864G-109 type.This module can show 128 row × 64 row dot matrix monochromatic pictures, or shows the Chinese character of 8 words/OK × 4 row 16 × 16 dot matrix, or shows English, numeral, the symbol of 16 words/OK × 8 row 8 × 8 dot matrix.Windows area is 65.5mm × 38.0mm, band PCB, backlight, chase, and integrated circuit model is ST7565R.This display powerful, good stability.Can be operated under the temperature range of-20 DEG C～70 DEG C.Can reach 50,000 hours serviceable life (25 DEG C).In one embodiment, display 203 can show date in real time, the information such as time, sensor states, temperature, electric weight, memory capacity, measurement result.In addition, this measurement mechanism adopts the large capacity chargeable lithium cell of 8000mAh, the power saving design of coupled system, and single charge can meet the normal measurement demand that is no less than 12 hours.
As shown in Figure 2, this device also comprises temperature sensing unit 207, and it is for detection of the temperature on measuring point and be real-time transmitted to display 203, makes except showing the friction factor after calibration, also to show on display 203 temperature of test environment.Temperature sensor adopts MLX90614 infrared temperature sensor, and sensor adopts 4 pin metallic cylinder encapsulation, is drawn the gantry base below that is installed on pendulum-type measurement mechanism by 4 lead-in wires.Sensor provides 3.3V direct supply by system host board, and sensor top end opening is towards tested road surface, and observable temperature scope is-70 DEG C～380 DEG C, and resolution is 0.02 DEG C.
In the utility model, the temperature detecting in real time sends CPU (central processing unit) to, after the friction factor recording, further calculates friction factor corresponding under room temperature and is shown by display 203 based on temperature correction algorithm according to temperature value in calibration.Because system adopts infrared temperature sensor, can realize the contactless real-time measurement of surface temperature to be measured, the temperature data of measurement is directly used in the temperature correction of pendulum value measuring process.Therefore, it is Complete Synchronization that pendulum value is measured with temperature survey process, has ensured the accuracy of temperature correction.
In addition, this measurement mechanism 200 also comprises that input block is as keyboard 202, it for receiving user's model selection input in the time that test starts, wherein pattern comprises the pattern of checking, test pattern and calibration mode, in test pattern, described input block is also for receiving the positional information of measurand of user input, in calibration mode, input block is also for receiving the adjustment information of user's input, and it comprises the parameter in predetermined calibration factor, friction factor algorithm or temperature correction algorithm.Keyboard 202 comprises the buttons such as model selection button, digital keys, direction key and " ready ", " cancellation ".
The main element model of other uses is as shown in the table:
Table 1
For ensureing digitizing pendulum-type measurement mechanism field work duration, the power saving design proposal adopting in the utility model is front conduction power supply technique.For the scrambler in the position sensing unit of relatively power consumption, only power in the ready time side of physical construction, after one-shot measurement completes, just can the power supply of physical break to scrambler.In addition, the utility model measurement mechanism is provided with " ready " function key on input block, when pendulum is repositioned to after original state, realizes making zero of scrambler power supply and counted number of pulses by " ready " function key.That is to say, before or after one-shot measurement operation, CPU (central processing unit) can switch on or off being connected of described position sensing unit and power supply automatically.
Below introduce in detail respectively the measuring method flow process of the utility model measurement mechanism with reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.
As shown in Figure 3, in step S301, carry out start, open measurement mechanism power switch, switch on power.Length realizes system boot by " mode " button, and after start, liquid crystal display display shows current system state, comprising: the information such as date, time, Current Temperatures, storage space.
In step S302, carry out model selection.An embodiment of the present utility model can carry out model selection in the following manner: for example, can shortly press " mode " button, system is carried out model selection interface, has " test, demarcate, check " three kinds of patterns available, and cursor is automatically positioned on " test pattern ".The short " mode " button of pressing again, cursor can rotation between " test, demarcate, check " three kinds of patterns, is switched to after suitable pattern, enters corresponding mode interface by confirming button.Certainly select the realization of operation to be not limited to this, those skilled in the art can expect any mode that can realize selection.
Wherein, in calibration mode S303, can carry out below operation:
S304, the parameter that screen display current system need to arrange and currency thereof;
S305, arranges the parameter in pendulum value computing formula one by one;
S306, the initial pendulum angle of pendulum obtains by the mode that discharges empty pendulum;
S307, the parameter in set temperature calibration equation;
S308 arranges other parameters such as calibration factor.
Operation below can carrying out in test pattern S309:
S310, the process location of the current measuring point of screen display and measuring point numbering, mileage positional format is: " K***+*** ", measuring point number format is " XXXNM ";
S311, by " ← → ↑ ↓ " or directly input digital modifications pile No. position and measuring point numbering;
S312, adjusts pendulum to horizontal level;
S313, the initialization of pressing " ready " button and realize scrambler;
S314, discharges pendulum, the maximum angle being swung by embedded pendulum value measuring system automatic acquisition pendulum,
S315, calculates pendulum value, and the temperature of surveying according to temperature sensor carries out the correction of pendulum value, shows original pendulum value and revised pendulum value simultaneously;
S316, survey crew tentatively judges that whether measuring process is normal, preserves pendulum value to storer by " determining ", measuring point numbering increases progressively automatically, abandons preserving measured value if do not carried out any operation;
S317, as need are measured next time, repeats the step of above-mentioned S313～S316.
Checking in Mode S 318 position except carrying out demonstration measurand as shown in Figure 3 and putting, also can carry out following operation as shown in Figure 5:
The current measuring point numbering of screen display and corresponding pendulum value, the quantity of measurement result and the sequence number of current shown result of current storage;
Press " ↑ ↓ " key and check the result of or next measuring point;
Press " ← → " key, input point is switched between three focuses of " XXX ", " N ", " M " of measuring point numbering, press " ↑ ↓ " key, or directly input numeral and can carry out the amendment of measuring point numbering, after amendment, press " determining " key, check the pendulum value of reposition.
S319, power-off operation.After measurement task completes, the sustainable " mode " button of pressing is closed measurement mechanism.
Now, the design of power saving is also cut off the power supply of position sensing unit.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, it has shown the other method process flow diagram of measuring according to embodiment of the present utility model.
Its major part is similar with Fig. 3's.Below be only introduced with regard to different piece.
In the calibration mode shown in Fig. 6 is processed, first, system is connected to PC by USB; In PC, open the calibrating parameters file in the storer of measurement mechanism; Revise item by item calibrating parameters or perhaps adjustment information, and preserve file; Again after start, system loads adjustment information automatically.
In addition, measurement mechanism of the present utility model has power-off protecting circuit, after measurement task completes, directly closes measurement mechanism by power switch, can not cause loss of data.
Below again sum up favourable part of the present utility model:
1, adopt split type angle scrambler to carry out deflection angle measurement, the gear of scrambler or code-disc are directly installed on axis of swing, and keep rotating with one heart, and the rotation angle of surveying can be used for calculating friction factor pendulum value (BPN).
2, measurement mechanism of the present utility model is embedded pendulum value measurement mechanism, it is integrated CPU (central processing unit), storer, liquid crystal display, keyboard, data-interface, rechargeable battery, system software etc.Integrated storage card slot, realizes the expansion of memory capacity.System comprises the interface units such as such as usb data/charge dual-purpose interface, encoder data input interface, temperature sensor Data Input Interface, integrated 4 × 4 numerals and direction keyboard and " pattern ", " ready ", " determining ", " cancellation " 4 function keys, for the input of sensor data acquisition and position, demarcation information.Adopt LCDs, for showing date in real time, the information such as time, sensor states, temperature, electric weight, memory capacity, measurement result.Adopt the large capacity chargeable lithium cell of 8000mAh, the power saving design of coupled system, single charge can meet the normal measurement demand that is no less than 12 hours, is applicable to field work.
3, also integrated temperature sensor interface of embedded pendulum value measurement mechanism, connects infrared temperature sensor and carries out in real time the temperature correction of pendulum value, and pendulum value is measured and temperature survey process Complete Synchronization.
4, in computing method, introduce C1, the C2 linear gauging factor, solves the problem of apparatus value skew by software approach.
5, the utility model adopts front conduction power supply technique, for the parts that relatively consume energy, as scrambler, only power in the ready time side of physical construction, and after one-shot measurement completes, i.e. the power supply of physical break to scrambler automatically.
The utility model can also be built pendulum value measuring system by modes such as such as common desktop computer, industrial computer or notebook computer, hand-held set, Survey Software.In measuring system, adopt step-by-step counting card to count for calculating rotation angle, separately need the special pendulum value Survey Software of exploitation, for realizing the functions such as the calculating of pendulum value, temperature correction, data recording.
Although the disclosed embodiment of the utility model as above, the embodiment that described content just adopts for the ease of understanding the utility model, not in order to limit the utility model.Technician under any the utility model in technical field; do not departing under the prerequisite of the disclosed spirit and scope of the utility model; can do any amendment and variation what implement in form and in details; but scope of patent protection of the present utility model, still must be as the criterion with the scope that appending claims was defined.
Claims (4)
1. a swinging friction coefficient measurement mechanism, is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Frame;
Swing arm, its one end is rotatably mounted in described frame one side;
Position sensing unit, it is connected in described swing arm, to measure the pendulum angle of pendulum, wherein, described position sensing unit comprises Non-contact Angle Measurement unit, described Non-contact Angle Measurement unit comprises magnetic induction parts and swiveling wheel, and described swiveling wheel is arranged in the rotating shaft of pendulum and is concentric with described rotating shaft, and described magnetic induction parts are arranged in described swing arm to detect swiveling wheel with the moving angle of rotation;
Display, it is arranged in described frame, to show friction factor;
Interface unit, it is connected with described position sensing unit.
2. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described device also comprises the temperature sensor being connected with described interface unit, to detect the temperature on measuring point and to be real-time transmitted to display, make except showing the friction factor after calibration, also to show on display the temperature of test environment.
3. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described device also comprises input block, and it is arranged in described frame, for receive user's model selection input in the time that test starts.
4. measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described input block is keyboard, and it comprises model selection button, digital keys, direction key and " preparation ", " ready " button.
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| CN201320726300.9U CN203981557U (en) | 2013-11-15 | 2013-11-15 | A kind of swinging friction coefficient measurement mechanism |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104596919A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for quickly checking sliding length |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104596919A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-06 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for quickly checking sliding length |
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Granted publication date: 20141203 Termination date: 20191115 |