CN203929639U - A kind of water turbidity instrument - Google Patents
A kind of water turbidity instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN203929639U CN203929639U CN201420379115.1U CN201420379115U CN203929639U CN 203929639 U CN203929639 U CN 203929639U CN 201420379115 U CN201420379115 U CN 201420379115U CN 203929639 U CN203929639 U CN 203929639U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of water turbidity instrument, comprise that light source, slide bar, light source move stepper motor, light activated element, single-chip microcomputer, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving, light source is fixed on light source and moves on stepper motor, motor is slidably installed on slide bar, light source moves stepper motor and is connected with two PWM pins of single-chip microcomputer by wire respectively with light source, light activated element, single-chip microcomputer, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving are fixed on one end away from light source on slide bar, and light activated element is connected with the step-by-step counting pin of single-chip microcomputer; Underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving is connected with the serial ports of single-chip microcomputer; Also comprise wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne and data handling system, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving and wireless signal transmission waterborne/receiver adopts bluetooth communication, and wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne is connected by serial ports with data handling system.The utility model is simple in structure, easy to operate, be applicable to measure for a long time under water, and without off-line correction.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of turbidity pick-up unit, particularly a kind of water turbidity meter that is applicable to field deep water measurement.
Background technology
Turbidity, for representing the limpid or muddy degree of water, is that the one of water sample optical property is expressed term, and relevant with the size of the mass concentration of suspension, particle, shape, refractive index etc., suspension more at most turbidity is larger.Turbidity size can reflect the pollution level of water body to a great extent, is one of important monitoring index of weighing at present water quality condition.
The method of conventional measurement turbidity mainly contains two kinds of transmission beam method and scattering methods.The ultimate principle of transmission beam method is according to Bill's one Lambert law, determines the turbidity of water sample to see through light intensity, and the negative logarithm of water sample turbidity and transmittance is linear, and turbidity is higher, and transmittance is less.Scattering method is also the more turbidimetry method of application, its principle is Rayleigh (Rayleigh) scattering principle, in Rayleigh scattering principle, the biquadratic of scattering light intensity and incident light wavelength is inversely proportional to, wavelength is shorter, scattering is stronger, scattering method turbidity is according to the intergranular proportional relation of turbidity in scattering light intensity and water sample, to reach the object of measuring water sample turbidity.In the time that particle particle diameter is lambda1-wavelength 1/15～l/20, be scattered, intensity meets Rayleigh equation, but inoperative in the time that particle diameter is greater than l/2 wavelength.Also having a kind of method is that scattering method is combined with transmission beam method, (Ir is scattered light intensity for application Ir/It=KD or Ir/ (Ir+It)=KD, It is transmitted intensity, K is proportionality constant, D is light path, be the distance that light passes in liquid), measure transmitted light and catoptrical intensity sum, sample turbidity is measured.Because measured transmission and scattering light intensity simultaneously, so there is higher sensitivity in the situation that incident intensity is identical.
The instrument that is applied to said method is also more, be applicable at present the transmission-type water turbidity detector of above-mentioned transmission beam method, due to circuit and sensor self-characteristic, not only in the situation that water turbidity is less, error is very large, and has been difficult to continuous monitoring requirement.Due to the yellow interference that is subject to existing in natural water, lake, reservoir water, also because containing organic extinction materials such as algae, also have interference to measuring again.Be applied in the determining instrument of scattering method, in dirty glassware, underwater bubble and water, the factor such as dissolved matter all can make determination data on the low side, occurs negative interference.Although it is generally acknowledged that this is little on the measurement result impact of purifying waste water of processing, field water did not carry out purified treatment more, therefore, this method in the wild in high turbidity water's body application have certain limitation.
Utility model content
The problem that can not be applicable to continuous coverage under ultra's body in the wild for current monitoring device, the utility model object is to provide a kind of water turbidity instrument.This instrument can be placed on continuous coverage in field water for a long time, truly reflects the actual change situation of water body, and without off-line calibration, calibration process is that oneself adjusts completely.
For achieving the above object, the utility model is taked following technical scheme: a kind of water turbidity instrument, be divided into underwater portion and above water, underwater portion comprises that light source, slide bar, light source move stepper motor, light activated element, single-chip microcomputer, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving, light source is fixed on light source and moves on stepper motor, light source moves stepper motor and is slidably installed on slide bar, light source moves stepper motor and is connected with a PWM pin of single-chip microcomputer by wire, and light source is connected with another PWM pin of single-chip microcomputer by wire; Light activated element, single-chip microcomputer, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving are fixed on one end away from light source on slide bar, and light activated element is connected with the step-by-step counting pin of single-chip microcomputer, and underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving is connected with the serial ports of single-chip microcomputer; Above water comprises wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne and data handling system, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving and wireless signal transmission waterborne/receiver adopts bluetooth communication, and wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne is connected by serial ports with data handling system.
Further:
Above-mentioned light source is the monochromatic source of emitting parallel light, may be selected to be a light emitting diode, according to the suitable wavelength of the different choice of water body situation.
Light activated element is a light intensity sensor, and model is TSL235.
Single-chip microcomputer model is ATmega16.
Underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving and wireless signal transmission/receiver model waterborne are all selected HC-06.
Data handling system is selected one of notebook computer or desktop computer.
The utility model is owing to taking above technical scheme, it has following beneficial effect: 1, the utility model is by adopting the mode of wireless transmission, change in prior art and connect with wired mode the inconvenience of bringing, for measurement device has brought convenience, it is more accurate to make to measure.2, the utility model is by adjusting the distance between light source and sensor, or the intensity of illumination of light source, maintain receiving light power constant all the time, the error that this produces without considering sensor self-characteristic and circuit problem, simplified the circuit design of sensor, operation becomes easier.3, the utility model in use, adopt and oppositely regulate thinking, keep receiving light power constant all the time, only adjust the distance between light source and sensor, or the intensity of illumination of light source, make like this light intensity sensor all the time in original value, this also means without off-line correction sensor, can be able to be positioned over for a long time in water body, maintain continuous coverage under water.4, in measuring process, the utility model can be according to the variation of different times water turbidity, and transformation assay pattern automatically ensures that mensuration has higher accuracy and larger sensing range.5, this device adopts the mode setting in advance, and the signal that setting light activated element receives is constant all the time, has avoided spectrophotometric method all to need again to prepare the step of comparison solution at every turn, also without sampling, can be directly used in the measurement of field water; In test, adopt responsive optical element, avoided the subjective factor impact of visual method.6, this device have simple in structure, the feature that easy operating and labour cost are lower.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model installation composition structural map.
Embodiment
Further describe the utility model below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, advantage and disadvantage of the present utility model will be more clear along with description.But these embodiment are only exemplary, scope of the present utility model are not formed to any restriction.What those skilled in the art should understand that is; do not departing under spirit and scope of the present utility model equivalent modifications or the replacement that can carry out the details of technical solutions of the utility model and form, these amendments and replace and all should fall into protection domain of the present utility model within.
A kind of turbidity instrument that the utility model provides, to design based on Bill's one lambert's principle, fundamental purpose is the transmitted intensity that can record water body, because transmitted light intensity is deferred to Bill's one Lambert law with the variation of turbidity, recording under the prerequisite of water body transmitted intensity variation, application Bill one Lambert law just can calculate the turbidity of water.
As shown in Figure 1, this device comprises that light source 1, slide bar 2, light source move stepper motor 3, light activated element 4, single-chip microcomputer 5, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving 6, wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne 7, data handling system more than 8 parts.
Light source 1, slide bar 2, light source move stepper motor 3, light activated element 4, single-chip microcomputer 5, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving 6 and are all arranged under water, light source 1 is fixed on light source and moves on stepper motor 3, it is self-powered that light source moves stepper motor 3, be slidably installed on slide bar 2, light source moves stepper motor 3 and is connected with PWM (pulse-length modulation) output pin of single-chip microcomputer 5 by wire, by its movement pace of Single-chip Controlling.Light source 1 is also connected with PWM (pulse-length modulation) output pin of single-chip microcomputer 5 by wire, by its light power of Single-chip Controlling.
Light activated element 4, single-chip microcomputer 5, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving 6 are all fixed on slide bar 2 one end away from from light source 1, and light activated element 4 is connected with the external pulse counting pin of single-chip microcomputer 5, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving 6 is connected by the RXD TXD pin of TX RX and single-chip microcomputer, carries out communication by serial ports.
Wireless signal transmission/receiver 7 waterborne and data handling system 8 are placed in waterborne, underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving 6 adopts bluetooth communication with wireless signal transmission/receiver 7 waterborne, and wireless signal transmission/receiver 7 waterborne is connected with the signal input part of data handling system 8.
The each parts that are placed in water can not directly contact with water, therefore need, by the sealing of each parts, to take to install additional waterproof case, or are coated with the measures such as waterproof material and all can realize.
Above-mentioned light source 1 is the monochromatic source of energy emitting parallel light, can select light emitting diode, can be according to the suitable wavelength of the different choice of water body situation.
Light activated element 4 can be selected light intensity sensor, and model is TSL235.
The optional model of single-chip microcomputer 5 is ATmega16.Underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving 6 and wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne 7 all can be selected HC-06 model, all have wireless sending and receiving function, transmitting be 2.4GHz signal.The data that single-chip microcomputer transmits, send by underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving, receive by wireless signal transmission waterborne/receiver, then pass to data handling system, data too can transmitted signal to data handling system, send by underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving, receive the inconvenience of having avoided wire to bring by wireless signal transmission waterborne/receiver.Data handling system can be used common notebook computer or desktop computer.
The principle of work of device is:
Send directional light by light source 1, light activated element 4 light intensity that induction light source sends in real time, and the light intensity receiving is changed into voltage signal be sent in real time single-chip microcomputer 5, single-chip microcomputer 5 reads the signal of light activated element, single-chip microcomputer 5 is by two-way PWM ripple, adjust respectively light-source brightness, or adjust the distance between light source and sensor, the light intensity that light activated element 4 is detected revert to system initial value, and tend towards stability, single-chip microcomputer 5 converses the distance between the intensity of light source or light source and sensor according to the figure signal of PWM.
Under single-chip microcomputer 5 is subject to prerequisite that data handling system 8 controls, no matter be the angle from adjusting light source position, or from regulating the angle of light source intensity of illumination, can realize the influence value that regulates light activated element, make light intensity that light activated element detects return to the object of initial value.
According to Beer-Lambert law, the parallel beam that light source is launched is in the time of water transmission, and the light intensity that water body receives and source emissioning light are strong, turbidity and distance light travels meet following formula (1):
I`＝Ie
(-kcd)(1)
Wherein, I`: the light intensity that light activated element in water body (being light activated element) receives, I: the light intensity of light source transmitting, e: natural logarithm, c: turbidity, d: light is propagated into the distance of light activated element, k: proportionality constant by light source.
Formula (1) further can be converted into formula (2):
c＝-[ln(I`/I)]/kd (2)
From formula (2), turbidity c can calculate by receiving light power I`, light source intensity I and distance light travels d and proportionality constant k.Scale-up factor k is by before using, measurement update obtains with the contrast of standard turbidity solvent.
The device the utility model proposes, core concept is the variation along with different times water turbidity in observation process, automatically regulate position or the intensity of light source I of light source, keep light activated element receiving light power I` constant all the time, according to the changing value of distance light travels d in Beer-Lambert law and intensity of light source I, calculate different time water turbidity value c, reach the object continuing to monitor for a long time.Generally, under the less condition of turbidity value, maintain the strong I of source emissioning light and receiving light power I` constant, by regulating and measure the distance d between light source and light activated element, measure turbidity; In the time that turbidity value is larger, because the increase of commensurate's turbidity can only cause the variation minimum apart from d, not only easily produce larger error, also the change detection matching requirements of adjusting the distance very high simultaneously, increase cost of manufacture, with this understanding, maintained distance d and receiving light power I` between light source and light activated element constant, by regulating the change detection turbidity of the strong I of source emissioning light, ensure the accuracy of measuring.
The utility model is changed conventional mentality of designing, oppositely setting sensor receiving light power I` is a fixed value, by adjusting the position of light source, or the intensity of illumination of light source, maintain receiving light power I` constant all the time, this behave, consider the transmission stability problem of sensor without emphasis, simplified the traditional circuit design of sensor, only needed the simple distance of adjusting between light power or light source and sensor, operation becomes easier.Meanwhile, design concept of the present utility model, the important point is automatically to regulate light activated element to revert to initial value, this is a kind of splendid solution for long-term continuous coverage under water, unlike prior art, can only measure under water and can not proofread and correct, greatly simplify operation easier.The utility model is also changed in prior art and is connected the inconvenience of bringing and measure drawback with wired mode, and for measurement device has brought convenience, it is more accurate to make to measure.
Claims (7)
1. a water turbidity instrument, it is characterized in that: be divided into underwater portion and above water, underwater portion comprises that light source (1), slide bar (2), light source move stepper motor (3), light activated element (4), single-chip microcomputer (5), underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving (6)
Light source (1) is fixed on light source and moves on stepper motor (3), light source moves stepper motor (3) and is slidably installed on slide bar (2), light source moves stepper motor (3) and is connected with a PWM pin of single-chip microcomputer by wire, light source (1) is connected with another PWM pin of single-chip microcomputer by wire
Light activated element (4), single-chip microcomputer (5), underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving (6) are fixed on the upper one end away from light source of slide bar (2), light activated element (4) is connected with the step-by-step counting pin of single-chip microcomputer (5), underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving (6) is connected with the serial ports of single-chip microcomputer (5)
Above water comprises wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne (7) and data handling system (8), underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving (6) adopts bluetooth communication with wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne (7), and wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne is connected by serial ports with data handling system.
2. a kind of water turbidity instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the monochromatic source that light source (1) is emitting parallel light.
3. a kind of water turbidity instrument according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: light source (1) is a light emitting diode, according to the suitable wavelength of the different choice of water body situation.
4. a kind of water turbidity instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: light activated element (4) is a light intensity sensor, model is TSL235.
5. a kind of water turbidity instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: single-chip microcomputer (5) model is ATmega16.
6. a kind of water turbidity instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: underwater wireless signal emitting/receiving (6) and wireless signal transmission/receiver waterborne (7) are all selected HC-06 model.
7. a kind of water turbidity instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: data handling system is selected one of notebook computer or desktop computer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420379115.1U CN203929639U (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2014-07-10 | A kind of water turbidity instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420379115.1U CN203929639U (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2014-07-10 | A kind of water turbidity instrument |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN203929639U true CN203929639U (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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| CN201420379115.1U Expired - Fee Related CN203929639U (en) | 2014-07-10 | 2014-07-10 | A kind of water turbidity instrument |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019019317A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | 广州灵动创想文化科技有限公司 | Toy vehicle capable of automatic flipping transformation |
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2014
- 2014-07-10 CN CN201420379115.1U patent/CN203929639U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019019317A1 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | 广州灵动创想文化科技有限公司 | Toy vehicle capable of automatic flipping transformation |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141105 Termination date: 20150710 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |