CN203870283U - Single-mode fiber low in loss and high in effective area - Google Patents
Single-mode fiber low in loss and high in effective area Download PDFInfo
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- CN203870283U CN203870283U CN201420189414.9U CN201420189414U CN203870283U CN 203870283 U CN203870283 U CN 203870283U CN 201420189414 U CN201420189414 U CN 201420189414U CN 203870283 U CN203870283 U CN 203870283U
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a single-mode fiber low in loss and high in effective area. The advantages of the fiber are that loss is low, the effective area is large, fiber parameters are insensitive to changes of geometrical dimension and refractive index in a trench zone, etc. The fiber is designed to be suitable for large scale production of a plurality of techniques. The effective area of the single-mode fiber is 100-185 square microns within 1550 nanometers, and the cut-off wavelength is less than 1530 nanometers. The fiber successively comprises, from the center to the periphery, a fiber core zone, an isolation zone, a trench zone and an outside deposition zone. The fiber is suitable for long distance optical communication of a working window within 1550 nanometers and the higher wavelength range. The fiber is characterized in that the loss is low, the effective area is great, and the main parameters of the fiber are not sensitive to changes of geometrical dimension and refractive index in a trench zone, etc. Therefore, the fiber is suitable for large scale production of a plurality of techniques.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, it is low that this optical fiber has loss, and useful area is large, and Fiber-optic parameter is for the physical dimension in irrigation canals and ditches district and the advantage such as variations in refractive index is insensitive.This optical fiber design is suitable for the large-scale production of kinds of processes.
Background technology
In 100G/s and long distance optical communication systems more at a high speed, the nonlinear effect of signal-to-noise ratio degradation and optical fiber is by the principal element that is restriction communication distance.Increase optical fiber effective area, reduce fibre loss, improving fibre-optical dispersion is the main path that overcomes these two restraining factors.Reduce the speed that fibre loss can slow down signal-to-noise ratio degradation, but for reducing nonlinear effect without any effect.And increase useful area, can reduce nonlinear effect and can reduce signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).Well-known silica core optical fiber attenuation minimum occurs in wavelength 1550nm, and modern long distance optical communication system is normally operated near 1550nm.Current usable range the most common G.652 optical fiber is less than 0.21dB/km in the loss of 1550nm, and its representative value is 0.19dB/km; Net sectional area at 1550nm is approximately 83 μ m
2; Dispersion is approximately 16ps/km/nm.And the following ideal fiber that is applied to long-distance optical communication should have than G.652 lower loss, larger useful area and the dispersion of Lve Gao.
The manufacture process of optical fiber generally includes 3 steps.The first step is plug manufacture.Plug is comprised of fibre core and inner cladding two parts conventionally.The manufacture method of plug mainly contains axial vapor deposition method (VAD), modified chemical vapor deposition process (MCVD) (MCVD, FCVD) gas ions chemical vapour deposition technique (PCVD) and pipe outer vapour deposition process (OVD).Second step is to add surrounding layer at mandrel outer.The most frequently used outsourcing manufacturing process has OVD outsourcing, plasma outsourcing (POD) and quartz socket tube.Quartz socket tube is also that the materials processing by OVD or the manufacture of POD method forms conventionally.The 3rd step is that optical fiber is manufactured in wire drawing.
The communication silica fibre of main flow forms by mixing germanium silica core and pure quartzy surrounding layer or fluorine-doped quartz surrounding layer two parts.In the design of silica fibre, the content that reduces germanium in fibre core is the main path that reduces optical fiber 1550nm and higher wavelength attenuation.The content that reduces germanium will reduce the refractive index of fibre core.In order to meet the refringence between fibre core and outsourcing and to guarantee enough low macrobending loss, in reducing fibre core, in Ge content, must reduce the refractive index of part or all of surrounding layer.In silica fibre manufacturing process, mixing fluorine is the Main Means that reduces quartzy refractive index.VAD and OVD technique have very high deposition rate.VAD rate of sedimentation is greater than 10g/min conventionally.The rate of sedimentation of outsourcing OVD technique single spraying lamp can surpass 10g/min.But be conventionally not less than-2.5x10 of the refringence of the fluorine-doped quartz of these two kinds of technique manufactures
-3.Although MCVD and PCVD can manufacture refringence lower than-5x10
-3fluorine-doped quartz, due to the restriction of its low deposition rate (1～3g/min) and technique, be not suitable for the manufacture of extensive prefabricated rods surrounding layer.In the covering manufacturing technology that is out at present, can realize the degree of depth mixes the practical art of fluorine and only has POD technique.But the rate of sedimentation of POD technique and production cost cannot be compared with OVD technique.
Since the eighties in last century, propose after the concept of pure silicon core ultra-low-loss fiber, each fiber manufacturers is being carried out a large amount of research work aspect the manufacturing process of ultra-low-loss fiber.At present commercial G.652 ultra-low-loss fiber is not mixed fluorine outsourcing two parts and is formed by mixing the fibre core of germanium and the degree of depth.Be worth should be mentioned that, aforementioned 4 kinds of mandrel process can be manufactured the plug of pure silicon, and owing to being subject to the degree of depth and mixing the restriction of fluorine surrounding layer technique, the production capacity of Pure Silica Core Fiber is low, and price is high, also cannot substitute in a short time traditional G.652 optical fiber.The Pure Silica Core Fiber of large effective area is only for non-relay undersea transmission system at present.
The design of the large effective area that list of references CN102959438A and CN102313924A provide is the optical fiber design for pure silicon core, in VAD and OVD technique, cannot realize simply.
The prefabricated rod mandrel of the described large effective area fiber of list of references CN1550508A can adopt VAD and the manufacture of OVD technique.But in order to take into account the application of 1310nm and two wavelength of 1550nm, fiber cut off wavelength is less than 1340nm in design, the macrobending loss (10mm-radius 1 circle) at 1625nm is much higher than 1dB simultaneously.In its several main designs, fibre core and irrigation canals and ditches are adjacent.The major defect of these designs is that the fluctuation of optical fiber irrigation canals and ditches district parameter will cause the variation that optical fiber major parameter is larger, makes in large-scale production, to be difficult to control the distribution range of optical fiber parameter.
The described large effective area fiber of list of references CN102313924A and US8467649B2 adopts narrow and dark irrigation canals and ditches design.The broadband of trench regions is greatly about 5 μ m left and right.And refringence is lower than-4.6X10
-3(0.31%).This design directly realizes and has very large difficulty on OVD or VAD equipment, conventionally adopts PCVD, POD outsourcing or the sleeve pipe technique of mixing fluorine, thus greatly increased process complexity and manufacturing cost.
Utility model content
The utility model object is to provide a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber for above-mentioned weak point, is that a kind of loss is low, useful area is large, the Single Mode Fiber Design that optical fiber parameter is stable.Its low cost of manufacture, be suitable for various technique, the particularly extensive manufacture of VAD technique.The application wavelength coverage of this optical fiber is 1550nm and longer wavelength.It is 100～185 μ m at the useful area of 1550nm
2; Dispersion at 1550nm is greater than 18ps/nm/km.Decay at 1550nm can be lower than 0.185dB/km; Cutoff wavelength (optical cable) is less than 1530 nm.At 1625nm, the macrobending loss that the macrobending loss of 10mm radius-1 circle is less than 5dB or is less than 1dB, 30mm radius-100 circle is less than 0.1dB or is less than 0.05dB.
A kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber is to realize by the following technical solutions:
A low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, it is 100～185 μ m at the useful area of 1550nm
2, cutoff wavelength is less than 1530nm.Optical fiber comprises successively core region from center to periphery, isolated area, 4 regions in irrigation canals and ditches district and outsourcing district.Wherein:
A) core region (11): therefrom the outward extending radius of the heart is R
1.R
1scope 4～9 μ m, its representative value is 5.7～8.2 μ m.Core region refringence have following relation with radius r optical fiber:
Wherein: 0≤r<R
1.
The scope of the refringence δ n (0) of fiber optic hub is 2.2x10
-3～5.8x10
-3, representative value is 2.6x10
-3～5.3x10
-3.Edge, core region refringence δ n (R
1) scope be δ n (R
1) < δ n (0), representative value is 0.5x10
-3～-0.5x10
-3.The scope of fibre core distribution exponential α is α >=1.5.
The refractive index of the core centre depressed area (15) that manufacturing process defect causes is usually less than design load.The difference of the refractive index of center reality and the refractive index of the centre of design is δ n
5, its scope is 0.005～-δ n (0).Its radius is R
5, R
5/ R
1scope be 0～0.5.
B) isolated area (12): from R
1stretch out, thickness is R
2.R
2scope be 2 ~ 21 μ m, representative value is 3 ~ 12 μ m.This areas diffract rate variance is constant normally.Refringence δ n
2scope be 0.5x10
-3～-0.5x10
-3.
C) irrigation canals and ditches district (13): from R
1+ R
2stretch out.Thickness is R
3, refringence δ n
3scope be δ n
3≤-0.7x10
-3, representative value is-1.0x10
-3～-2.2x10
-3.
D) outsourcing district (14): from R
1+ R
2+ R
3extend outwardly into optical fiber edge, thickness is R
4, the external diameter of optical fiber is R
1+ R
2+ R
3+ R
4, its value depends on the design of optical fiber.Representative value is 62.5 μ m.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, is characterized in that, optical fiber isolated area refractive index radially changes.The refringence of isolated area and the relation of fiber radius can be expressed as:
Wherein: R
1≤ r≤R
1+ R
2,
β is isolated area distribution exponential, and its scope is β >0.0.Representative value is β >0.5.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, is characterized in that, core region maximum refractive index is poor lower than 4x10
-3.Optical fiber is not more than 0.185dB/km in the decay of 1550nm.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, is characterized in that, core region maximum refractive index is poor lower than 3x10
-3.Optical fiber is not more than 0.175dB/km in the decay of 1550nm.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, is characterized in that the effective refractive index of optical fiber inner cladding:
.Wherein n (r) is Refractive Index Profile of Optical; R
c=R
0+ 15* λ, λ is the test wavelength of macrobending loss; R
0be datum radius, it satisfies condition: n (R
0)-n
c=0 and n (r<R
0)-n
c>0, n
cit is cladding refractive index.
Waveguide effective refractive index:
, wherein MFD is the mode field diameter of optical fiber.
Waveguide effective refractive index is poor:
.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, is characterized in that, waveguide effective refractive index is poor
>3.8x10
-3.At wavelength 1625nm, the macrobending loss of 30mm radius-100 circle is not more than 0.05dB, and the macrobending loss of 10mm radius-1 circle is not more than 1dB.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, is characterized in that, waveguide effective refractive index is poor
>3.25x10
-3.At wavelength 1625nm, the macrobending loss of 30mm radius-100 circle is not more than 0.1dB, and the macrobending loss of 10mm radius-1 circle is not more than 5dB.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, adopts the method for sedimentation manufacture plug in pipe as follows:
Employing is mixed the quartz ampoule of fluorine as deposition base tube, adopts SiCl
4as SiO
2raw material, GeCl
4as GeO
2raw material, SiF
4, SF
6or C
2f
6as the raw material of mixing fluorine.Deposition process divides 3 steps to complete, and the quartz that first deposition is mixed fluorine in base tube inside surface, as part irrigation canals and ditches district, then deposits isolated area, finally deposits core region.In the deposition process of core region, the doping content that changes layer by layer germanium realizes δ n (0) and the α value of design accurately.Finally at high temperature by the molten plug that shortens into of pipe.Deposited tube will become the part in irrigation canals and ditches district or irrigation canals and ditches district.If the sectional area of deposited tube is less than the sectional area in design desired irrigation canals and ditches district, can adds and mix fluorine sleeve pipe in plug outside.Plug and mix fluorine sleeve pipe and can adopt sleeve pipe to melt contracting method integrator.This method for making is suitable for MCVD, PCVD and FCVD technique.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, the method that adopts the VAD plug system of 2 sources material blowtorch to make is as follows:
Adopt SiCl
4as quartzy SiO
2raw material, GeCl
4as mixing germanium GeO
2raw material, the raw material of core region blowtorch is SiCl
4and GeCl
4, the raw material of isolated area blowtorch is SiCl
4.After deposition finishes, Powder Rod, by sintering, goes the techniques such as hydroxyl, finally makes plug.Irrigation canals and ditches district realizes by mixing fluorine sleeve pipe.Plug and sleeve pipe can adopt sleeve pipe to melt compression method and be made into one.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, the method that the VAD plug of 3 raw material blowtorch of employing is made is as follows:
Adopt SiCl
4as quartzy SiO
2raw material, GeCl
4as mixing germanium GeO
2raw material, SiF
4as the raw material of mixing fluorine.The raw material of core region blowtorch is SiCl
4and GeCl
4, the raw material of isolated area blowtorch is SiCl
4, the raw material of irrigation canals and ditches district blowtorch is SiCl
4and SiF
4.After deposition finishes, Powder Rod, by sintering, goes the techniques such as hydroxyl, finally makes plug.
Described a kind of low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, the method that the VAD plug of 4 raw material blowtorch of employing is made is as follows:
Core region and isolated area are made by 1 blowtorch respectively, and irrigation canals and ditches district is made by 2 raw material blowtorch.Adopt SiCl
4as quartzy SiO
2raw material, GeCl
4as mixing germanium GeO
2raw material, SiF
4as the raw material of mixing fluorine.The raw material of core region blowtorch is SiCl
4and GeCl
4, the raw material of isolated area blowtorch is SiCl
4, the raw material of irrigation canals and ditches district blowtorch is SiCl
4and SiF
4.After deposition finishes, Powder Rod, by sintering, goes the techniques such as hydroxyl, finally makes plug.
Term definition:
Refringence:
n wherein
cit is cladding refractive index.
The unit of the thickness of fiber radius and ingredient is: μ m
Refringence section: n (r) is the relation between refractive index and fiber radius.Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of typical index section.
Datum radius R
0: satisfy condition: n (R
0)-n
c=0 while n (r<a)-n
c>0.
Optical fiber effective area (A
eff): it is defined as:
wherein φ (r) is the radial distribution of LP01 mould electric field on optical fiber cross section.Optical fiber effective area all refers to the useful area of 1550nm wavelength herein.
Inner cladding effective refractive index:
.R wherein
c=R
0+ 15* λ.λ is the test wavelength of macrobending loss.λ=1.625 (μ m) in this manual.
Waveguide effective refractive index:
, wherein MFD is the mode field diameter of optical fiber.
Waveguide effective refractive index is poor:
.
1625BL10R-1: optical fiber around 1 before and after circle, changes in the loss of 1625nm wavelength measurement on the cylinder of 10mm radius.
1625BL30R-100: optical fiber on the cylinder of 30mm radius around 100 before and after circles, 1625nm wavelength measurement loss change.
Doping: the principal ingredient of optical fiber is quartzy (SiO
2).In order to change quartzy characteristic (refractive index, material dispersion etc.), need to be in quartz other a small amount of material of admixture.Two kinds of dopants main in single mode silica fibre are germanium (GeO
2) and fluorine (F).Germanium can increase quartzy refractive index, and fluorine can reduce quartzy refractive index.The optical fiber prefabricating plug manufacturing process of main flow adopts SiCl
4as raw material, OVD and VAD technique generally can pass into a large amount of chlorine in removing hydroxyl and sintering process, so inevitably contain a certain amount of chlorine in plug.
Optical fiber design is to consider the index of optical fiber, upper various to optical fiber in the basis such as the production technology of prefabricated rods and manufacturing cost
The process that parameter is optimized.In the design of large effective area fiber, reducing core region refractive index can increase optical fiber effective area and reduce optical fiber attenuation, but the macrobending loss characteristic variation of optical fiber will be made again simultaneously, and the radius that increases core region also can increase the useful area of optical fiber, and very little on the impact of optical fiber attenuation and macrobending loss characteristic.Deepen and (or) widen the macrobending loss that irrigation canals and ditches district can reduce optical fiber effectively, but will increase manufacture difficulty and production cost.
The utility model and prior art, design and product are compared, and the distinguishing feature having is: optical fiber macrobending loss is low; The variation of irrigation canals and ditches zone properties is very little on the main parameters impact of optical fiber; There are lower refractive index and the content of germanium in core region, can realize lower fibre loss; Low cost of manufacture, does not need the degree of depth to mix fluorine equipment, is suitable for various technique, particularly the large-scale production of VAD technique.
This optical fiber is suitable for operation window at the long-distance optical communication of 1550nm and higher wavelength coverage.This optical fiber is 100～185 μ m at the useful area of 1550nm wavelength
2; It is greater than 18ps/km/nm in the dispersion of 1550nm; It can be lower than 1dB at the macrobending loss (10mm radius-1 circle) of 1625nm.
It is low that this optical fiber has loss, and useful area is large, and its main parameters is for the physical dimension of trench regions and the characteristic such as the variation of refractive index is insensitive.It is suitable for the large-scale production of kinds of processes.
accompanying drawing explanation
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail:
Figure 1A: the utility model optical fiber design end view.
Figure 1B: the utility model optical fiber design refractive indices diagrammatic cross-section.
In figure: 11 core regions; 12 isolated areas; 13 irrigation canals and ditches districts; 14 outsourcing districts; 15 central concave.
Fig. 2: a kind of optical fiber example of making of MCVD plug+fluorine-doped quartz pipe+quartz socket tube.
Fig. 3: the schematic diagram that a kind of VAD plug is made.
In figure: 31 core region blowtorch; 32 isolated area blowtorch; 33 irrigation canals and ditches district blowtorch; 34 Powder Rods; 35 target rods; 36 suspension rods; 37 quartzy cavitys; 38 mechanical parts.
Fig. 4: a kind of example of the optical fiber of making of VAD plug+OVD outsourcing.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b, optical fiber therefrom mind-set comprises 4 parts outward:
1) core region 11: therefrom the outward extending radius of the heart is R
1.Main doping composition is germanium, also can have a small amount of fluorine.R
1scope be 4 ~ 9; Its representative value is 5.7～8.2.Core region refringence and fiber radius r have following relation:
。（?0?≤r?<?R
1）
Wherein δ n (0) is the refringence of fiber optic hub, and its scope is 2.2x10
-3～5.8x10
-3, representative value is 2.6x10
-3～5.3x10
-3.For optical fiber is decayed lower than 0.185dB/km at 1550nm, δ n (0) must be lower than 4.5x10
-3, preferably need to be lower than 4.0x10
-3.δ n (R
1) be the refringence at edge, core region, δ n (R
1) < δ n (0), representative value is 0.5x10
-3～-0.5x10
-3.α is fibre core distribution exponential, and its scope is α >=1.5.
Central concave area (15): due to the defect of manufacturing process, have certain deviation between fiber optic hub actual refractive index and design load.The refractive index of central concave area is usually less than design load.The refractive index of center reality and the specific refractivity of design are δ n
5, its scope is 0.005～-δ n (0).Its radius is R
5, R
5/ R
1scope be 0～0.5.
2) isolated area 12: from R
1stretch out, its thickness is R
2.R
2scope be 2～21, representative value is 3～12.Doping composition has germanium and (or) the fluorine of minute quantity.The refringence of separation layer is constant δ n normally
2, scope is 0.5x10
-3～-0.5x10
-3if isolated area and irrigation canals and ditches district are made by same technique (as OVD or VAD), due to the diffusion of dopant material, refractive index also can radially change.The refringence of isolated area and the relation of radius have and can be expressed as:
Wherein: R
1≤ r≤R
1+ R
2, δ n
3it is irrigation canals and ditches district refractive index.β is isolated area distribution exponential, and its scope is β >0.0, and representative value is β >0.5.
3) irrigation canals and ditches district 13: from R
1+ R
2stretch out.Its thickness is R
3, doping composition is fluorine.In the utility model, the effect in irrigation canals and ditches district is the macrobending loss that reduces optical fiber.Its effect depends on irrigation canals and ditches district refringence and sectional area.Refringence δ n
3≤ 0, representative value is-0.6 x10
-3～-2.2x10
-3.
4.) outsourcing district 14: from R
1+ R
2+ R
3extend outwardly into optical fiber edge, its thickness is R
4, normally unadulterated pure quartz.The external diameter of optical fiber is R
1+ R
2+ R
3+ R
4, its value depends on the design of optical fiber.Representative value is 62.5.
Although be subject to factors such as the impact such as tension force, coating material in drawing process, the macrobending loss of optical fiber depends primarily on the design of Refractive Index Profile of Optical.In order to guarantee that 1625BL10R-1 is less than 5dB while 1625BL30R-100 and is less than 0.1dB, waveguide effective refractive index is poor must satisfy condition:
>3.25x10
-3.In order to guarantee that 1625BL10R-1 is less than 1dB while 1625BL30R-100 and is less than 0.05dB, waveguide effective refractive index is poor must satisfy condition: > 3.8x10
-3.
The molecule trial of strength of fluorine element is little.At high temperature, the fluorine element mixing in quartz (particularly unsintered quartz powder) structure very easily spreads.Its result will produce two negative effects to optic fibre characteristic.Because fluorine can reduce quartzy refractive index, if a large amount of Fu Cong irrigation canals and ditches districts is diffused into core region, the refractive index of fibre core will be reduced.In order to arrive the refringence of design, must mix in core region more germanium to offset the impact of fluorine on fiber core refractive index.The Ge content that increases core region must cause the increase of optical fiber attenuation.Thereby the diffusion of fluorine also changes irrigation canals and ditches district index distribution by the concentration that reduces fluorine in irrigation canals and ditches district.Due to the diffusion of fluorine, in the manufacture process in irrigation canals and ditches district, conventionally cannot control accurately refractive index and section thereof and distribute.
The isolated area of selecting proper width is one of main difference of the utility model and other utility models.Isolated area has three critical functions: 1) prevent or reduce the fluorine diffusion of trench regions and be penetrated into core region.2) impact of the fluctuation that reduces irrigation canals and ditches district refractive index on optic fibre characteristic.In table I, Ex1 and Ex2 are the designs that has isolated area, and Ex3 and Ex4 are the designs without isolated area.When irrigation canals and ditches district refractive index is from-1.0x10
-3become-1.2x10
-3time, for the design without isolated area (Ex3 and Ex4), useful area decrease is 2.1 μ m
2, the variation of cutoff wavelength is 22nm.When same irrigation canals and ditches variations in refractive index occurs in the design of isolated area (Ex1 and Ex2), useful area decrease is 0.3 μ m only
2, cutoff wavelength changes only 7nm.) when isolated area is enough wide, the key property of optical fiber will be substantially subject to isolated area width, the width in irrigation canals and ditches district and the impact of the degree of depth and determined by the refractive index profile of fibre core and the refractive index of isolated area.
The core region of optical fiber prefabricated rod mandrel of the present utility model, isolated area and irrigation canals and ditches district can use two kinds of method manufactures below:
Deposition method for preparing in pipe: this method for making is suitable for MCVD, PCVD and FCVD technique.Although method technique can be manufactured and mix the quartz that fluorine concentration is higher, their deposition lower (<5g/min) in pipe.Because the irrigation canals and ditches district sectional area of optical fiber of the present utility model is large, in large-scale production, the quartz ampoule making irrigation canals and ditches district cost that fluorine is mixed in use is lower.In prefabricated rod mandrel is made, adopt the quartz ampoule of mixing fluorine as deposited tube, adopt SiCl
4as quartzy raw material, GeCl
4as the raw material of mixing germanium, SiF
4, C
2f
6or SF
6as the raw material of mixing fluorine.In Guan Zhongxian deposition isolated area, then deposit core region.In the deposition process of core region, the doping content that changes layer by layer germanium realizes δ n (0) and the α value of design.Finally at high temperature by the molten plug that shortens into of pipe.Deposited tube will become the part in irrigation canals and ditches district or irrigation canals and ditches district.If the sectional area of deposited tube is less than the area in design Suo Yao irrigation canals and ditches district, can adds and mix fluorine sleeve pipe in plug outside.Plug and mix fluorine sleeve pipe and can adopt sleeve pipe to melt contracting method integrator.Concrete method can be with reference to (CN203033890U).
Directly depositing (VAD): VAD is the manufacturing technology of current most popular single-mode fiber prefabricated rod mandrel.Fig. 3 is the ultimate principle of VAD technology.3 different regions are deposited and make simultaneously by 3 or 4 raw material blowtorch respectively.The raw material of core region blowtorch is SiCl
4and GeCl
4, the raw material of isolated area blowtorch is SiCl
4, the raw material of irrigation canals and ditches district blowtorch is SiCl
4and SiF
4.For the larger optical fiber design of irrigation canals and ditches district sectional area, irrigation canals and ditches district can be realized by 2 raw material blowtorch.After deposition finishes, Powder Rod, by sintering, goes the techniques such as hydroxyl, finally makes plug.Only have the plug of the VAD equipment made of two raw material blowtorch only to comprise sandwich layer district and isolated area.Irrigation canals and ditches district can realize by mixing fluorine sleeve pipe.Plug and sleeve pipe can adopt sleeve pipe to melt compression method and be made into one.Concrete grammar can be with reference to (CN203033890U).
Be worth mentioning, in VAD technique, the exponential α value of fiber core refractive index section being carried out to fine adjustments has larger difficulty, so VAD technique particularly has certain limitation in cutoff wavelength at adjustment optical fiber parameter.This limitation can necessarily be made up by the tension force when changing drawing optical fibers.
The prefabricated rod mandrel of being manufactured by above two kinds of methods is through extending, and after the necessary processing step such as outside surface is clean, carries out outsourcing, makes fiber geometries size arrive designing requirement.Then carry out wire drawing and make single-mode fiber.
With reference to Fig. 1, according to the requirement in technique scheme, realize low-loss large effective area Single Mode Fiber Design.Table I I has listed size and the refringence that meets multiple optical fiber design example of the present utility model.These examples all have following characteristic: optical fiber effective area>=100 μ m
2, cutoff wavelength scope 1340～1530nm.Example EX5 – EX14, waveguide effective refractive index is poor to satisfy condition:
> 3.8x10
-3, their 1625BL10R-1≤1dB, 1625BL30R-100≤0.05dB.Example EX15 – EX17, waveguide effective refractive index is poor to satisfy condition:
> 3.25x10
-3, their 1625BL10R-1≤5dB, 1625BL30R-100≤0.1dB
Ex5 is the example of useful area minimum.Its fiber core radius is minimum in various examples.Due to its higher fiber core refractive index, this example does not need irrigation canals and ditches district just can meet:
> 3.8x10
-3.Ex6 is the example of useful area maximum, and useful area reaches 184.5 μ m
2.Because its low-down fiber core refractive index is poor, optical fiber attenuation (1550nm) can reach 0.175dB/km.But in order to meet the requirement of macrobending loss, this example has adopted darker irrigation canals and ditches district.The fiber core refractive index of Ex7 and effective refractive index are all the highest in each example, have low-down macrobending loss.Although its fiber core radius is larger, due to high fiber core refractive index and low fibre core power exponent, its useful area only has 103 μ m
2.But EX8 has the design identical with EX7 has central concave area, and the characteristic of their optical fiber has very large difference.The useful area of Ex8-Ex12 is all at 125 μ m
2left and right.By these five example demonstrations and explanation, how to adopt different core parameters (radius, refractive index, power exponent) to realize very similarly optic fibre characteristic.In these five examples, Ex9 has maximum core region radius and minimum exponential, and Ex8 has central concave.EX12, EX13 and EX14 have identical fibre core and irrigation canals and ditches district parameter, but different isolated area parameters.When isolated area refringence approaches 0, reducing isolated area refractive index ratio increase isolated area refractive index has larger impact to the characteristic certificate of optical fiber.
EX15, EX16, EX17 respectively and EX6, EX9, EX12 has identical fibre core and isolated area optical fiber design parameter, but narrower or there is no an irrigation canals and ditches district.Their low cost of manufacture, but the macrobending loss of optical fiber is higher.
The listed various optical fiber designs of table I can be realized by MCVD technique.Below in conjunction with example, the methods for optical fiber manufacture that adopts MCVD technique to make plug is described further:
1. select Heraeus F320-08 quartz ampoule as deposition base tube.The external diameter 31.7mm of quartzy base tube, internal diameter 26.3mm, length 1200mm.Quartzy base tube is placed on MCVD lathe chuck.
2. by oxygen, SF
6, chlorine passes in quartzy base tube.In forward moves, under oxyhydrogen flame blowtorch (1850 ℃) effect, react with silica based inside pipe wall, blowtorch forward translational speed 100mm/min.Round trip, carries out flame polish and corrosion.
3. by SiCl
4, GeCl
4, POCl
3, oxygen, helium, chlorine and SF
6pass into base tube with flow according to a certain percentage.During forward moves, at 1885 ℃ of temperature, react, blowtorch forward translational speed 145mm/min, comes and goes 20 times.On quartzy base tube 34 inwalls, deposition vitrifacation form index dip layer.Rate of sedimentation 0.82g/min.
4. by SiCl
4, GeCl
4, oxygen, helium, chlorine and SF
6body passes into quartzy base tube with flow according to a certain percentage.During forward moves, at 1990 ℃ of temperature, react, blowtorch forward translational speed 145mm/min, comes and goes 13 times.On silica based inside pipe wall, deposition vitrifacation form separation layer.Rate of sedimentation 0.6g/min.
5. by SiCl
4, GeCl
4, oxygen, helium, chlorine passes into quartzy base tube with flow according to a certain percentage, at 2040 ℃ of temperature, reacts, blowtorch forward translational speed 145mm/min, comes and goes 14 times.On silica based inside pipe wall, deposition vitrifacation form sandwich layer.Rate of sedimentation 0.3g/min.
6. after deposition process completes, in quartzy base tube, pass into a certain amount of oxygen and chlorine, at 2200～2450 ℃ of high temperature, melt contracting and process.In order to prevent that base tube out-of-roundness from worsening, molten compression process divides and has come and gone for 5 times, controls nitrogen flow simultaneously and guarantees suitable pipe pressure (0～0.2Torr).The central concave forming due to the volatilization of germanium in order to reduce sandwich layer center, need to be retracted to (2mm) when very little at prefabricated plug center bore, passes into a certain amount of oxygen and SF
6, center hole wall is corroded 2 times, finally at 2450 ℃ of high temperature, melt and shorten solid optical fiber prefabricating plug into.
7., after plug completes, plug is corroded in hydrofluorite and within 8 hours, remove surperficial high hydroxyl layer.
8. selecting Heraeus F300 sleeve pipe is surrounding layer, after plug and sleeve pipe are assembled into preform, be placed on wire-drawing equipment, under the high temperature of 2050 ℃ of left and right, it is 125 μ m that its wire drawing is become to glass-clad diameter, internal coating diameter is 190 μ m, and external coating diameter is the optical fiber of 245 μ m.
Fig. 2 is the example by the optical fiber of MCVD technique and the making of fluorine-doped quartz pipe.The canonical parameter of the optical fiber that this example is made is listed in EX-MCVD a line in table I V, optical fiber in the decay of 1550nm wavelength at 0.180～0.185dB/km
Fig. 3 is the example that the utility model is implemented by VAD technique (4 blowtorch).The methods for optical fiber manufacture that adopts VAD technique to make plug below in conjunction with example is described further:
1. plug producing device is by reaction cavity 37, mechanical mechanism 38, and suspension rod 36 forms.Device is furnished with the raw material blowtorch 31 for core region, for the raw material blowtorch 32 of isolated area with for a pair of raw material blowtorch 33 in irrigation canals and ditches district.
2. the quartzy target rod 35 of long 450mm is installed on suspension rod and is placed in reaction cavity.Hydrogen and oxygen are passed into 4 blowtorch and lights in reaction chamber, and producing temperature is 900～1000
othe flame of C.
3. the SiCl that is 2.0g/min by flow
4, the GeCl of 0.2g/min
4raw material and 6slm argon gas, 2.5slm oxygen mix, sends in flame by blowtorch 31, makes it that hydrolysis reaction occurs.Oxidation generates SiO
2and GeO
2powder, is deposited on target rod lower end, forms core region.
4. the SiCl that is 4.0g/min by flow
4raw material and 5slm argon gas mix, and by blowtorch 32, send in flame.Make it that hydrolysis reaction occurs, oxidation generates SiO
2powder, is deposited on outside, core region, forms isolated area.
5. the SiCl that is 33.0g/min by flow
4, 600ml/minSiF
4raw material and 13slm argon gas mix, pass into burners set 33, make it that hydrolysis reaction occurs, oxidation generates fluorine-containing SiO
2powder, is deposited on isolated area outside, forms irrigation canals and ditches district.
6. in the deposition process excellent pulling speed that hits, be 0.75 mm/min, the rotational speed of target rod is 15RPM.
7. after having deposited, Powder Rod is put into sintering furnace, sintering temperature is 1100 degree.In sintering process, first pass into 400sccmCl
2remove the hydroxyl in Powder Rod, then pass into all bubbles in 5slmHe removal Powder Rod and make its transparence, vitrifacation.
8. by twice extension, plug is extended to 38.5 millimeters of thinner plugs of external diameter.
9. adopt OVD technique to add outsourcing in plug outside.The external diameter of last prefabricated rods is 80 millimeters.
10. prefabricated rods is placed on wire-drawing equipment, under the high temperature of 2050 ℃ of left and right, it is 125 μ m that its wire drawing is become to glass-clad diameter, and internal coating diameter is 190 μ m, and external coating diameter is the optical fiber of 245 μ m.
The canonical parameter of the optical fiber that this examples of implementation are made is listed in EX-VAD a line of table I V, optical fiber in 1550nm wavelength attenuation at 0.177～0.183dB/km.
Claims (7)
1. a low-loss large effective area single-mode fiber, is characterized in that, it is 100～185 μ m at the useful area of 1550nm
2, cutoff wavelength is less than 1530nm, and optical fiber comprises successively core region from center to periphery, isolated area, 4 regions in irrigation canals and ditches district and outsourcing district, wherein:
A) core region: therefrom the outward extending radius of the heart is R
1, R
1scope 4～9 μ m, its representative value is 5.7～8.2 μ m, core region refringence have following relation with radius r optical fiber:
，（0≤r<R
1）
The scope of the refringence δ n (0) of fiber optic hub is 2.2x10
-3～5.8x10
-3, representative value is 2.6x10
-3～5.3x10
-3, edge, core region refringence δ n (R
1) scope be δ n (R
1) < δ n (0), representative value is 0.5x10
-3～-0.5x10
-3, the scope of fibre core distribution exponential α is α>=1.5;
The refractive index of the core centre depressed area that manufacturing process defect causes is usually less than design load, and the difference of the refractive index of center reality and the refractive index of the centre of design is δ n
5, its scope is 0.005～-δ n (0), its radius is R
5, R
5/ R
1scope be 0～0.5;
B) isolated area: from R
1stretch out, thickness is R
2, R
2scope be 2～21 μ m, representative value is 3～12 μ m, this areas diffract rate variance is constant normally, refringence δ n
2scope be 0.5x10
-3～-0.5x10
-3;
Irrigation canals and ditches district: from R
1+ R
2stretch out, thickness is R
3, refringence δ n
3scope be δ n
3≤-0.7x10
-3, representative value is-1.0x10
-3～-2.2x10
-3;
Outsourcing district: from R
1+ R
2+ R
3extend outwardly into optical fiber edge, thickness is R
4, the external diameter of optical fiber is R
1+ R
2+ R
3+ R
4, its value depends on that the design of optical fiber, representative value are 62.5 μ m.
2. single-mode fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, optical fiber isolated area refractive index radially changes, and the refringence of isolated area and the relation of fiber radius can be expressed as:
（R
1≤r?≤R
1+R
2）
β is isolated area distribution exponential, and its scope is β >0.0, and representative value is β >0.5.
3. single-mode fiber according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, core region maximum refractive index is poor lower than 4x10
-3, optical fiber is not more than 0.185dB/km in the decay of 1550nm.
4. single-mode fiber according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, core region maximum refractive index is poor lower than 3x10
-3, optical fiber is not more than 0.175dB/km in the decay of 1550nm.
5. single-mode fiber according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the effective refractive index of optical fiber inner cladding:
, wherein n (r) is Refractive Index Profile of Optical; R
c=R
0+ 15* λ, λ is the test wavelength of macrobending loss; R
0be datum radius, it satisfies condition: n (R
0)-n
c=0 and n (r<R
0)-n
c>0, n
cit is cladding refractive index;
Waveguide effective refractive index:
, wherein MFD is the mode field diameter of optical fiber;
Waveguide effective refractive index is poor:
.
6. single-mode fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, waveguide effective refractive index is poor
>3.8x10
-3, at wavelength 1625nm, the macrobending loss of 30mm radius-100 circle is not more than 0.05dB, and the macrobending loss of 10mm radius-1 circle is not more than 1dB.
7. single-mode fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, waveguide effective refractive index is poor
>3.25x10
-3, at wavelength 1625nm, the macrobending loss of 30mm radius-100 circle is not more than 0.1dB, and the macrobending loss of 10mm radius-1 circle is not more than 5dB.
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|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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Owner name: ZHONGTIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO LTD, JIANGSU Z Effective date: 20150420 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20150420 Address after: 226009 Nantong economic and Technological Development Zone, Jiangsu Zhongtian Road, No. 3 Patentee after: Jiangsu Zhongtian Technology Precision Material Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Zhongtian Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Patentee after: Zhongtian Technologies Fiber Optics Co., Ltd. Address before: 226009 Nantong economic and Technological Development Zone, Jiangsu Zhongtian Road, No. 3 Patentee before: Jiangsu Zhongtian Technology Precision Material Co., Ltd. |