CN203838924U - Experiment apparatus for measuring conservation of mechanical energy - Google Patents
Experiment apparatus for measuring conservation of mechanical energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN203838924U CN203838924U CN201420284526.2U CN201420284526U CN203838924U CN 203838924 U CN203838924 U CN 203838924U CN 201420284526 U CN201420284526 U CN 201420284526U CN 203838924 U CN203838924 U CN 203838924U
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- circuit
- mechanical energy
- photoelectricity door
- interface
- pendulum
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Abstract
An experiment apparatus for measuring conservation of mechanical energy comprises a pedestal, a column, a scale board and a control circuit. The column is arranged on the pedestal. A swing rod is arranged on the column. The lower end of the swing rod is connected with a pendulum bob which is equipped with a photogate sensor. The scale board is fixedly disposed on a side surface of the pedestal. The upper side of the scale board is arc-shaped, and at least two light-blocking sheets are arranged at the edge of the arc-shaped upper side. A release device and a reception device are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the arc-shaped upper side of the scale board respectively. The control circuit includes a main control circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a photogate acquisition circuit. The photogate sensor is connected with the photogate acquisition circuit. The photogate acquisition circuit is connected with the main control circuit. The main control circuit is connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit. The experiment apparatus has a simple structure, only needs to be equipped with one photogate sensor, and is convenient to operate. Light-blocking data can be acquired many times as long as the photogate sensor only falls once by being driven by the pendulum bob, therefore, more direct and visual effects are exhibited and better teaching effects are achieved. The pendulum bob is more stable in swing.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of tester for measurement mechanical energy conservation, belongs to middle school physical experiment technical field.
Background technology
Conservation of mechanical energy is a very important part in physics teaching in secondary school content.Traditional conservation of mechanical energy experiment adopts the demonstration of swing ball method, but can not carry out quantitative test, can only be illustrated from principle.What also have tests with dotted timer, affected by each side factor, and the error between first and second point is larger, thereby whole experimental error is strengthened or the failure of an experiment, and the success ratio of experiment is not high.Along with the development of informationization technology, photoelectricity door sensor is progressively applied in experimental teaching, for quantitative test provides good basis.But, want to give full play to the effect of sensor, need to there is comparatively desirable physical model to support the use with it.
Therefore, the tester that utilizes photoelectric sensor to carry out conservation of mechanical energy experiment arises at the historic moment, as disclosed in Chinese patent literature CN201007867 " mechanical energy conservation experimental device ", comprise support, mainboard, subplate, cylindrical pendulum, photoelectric sensor fixed arm, photoelectric sensor and magnetic catch fixed arm, locating stop piece is installed on support; Mainboard and subplate are arranged on respectively the left and right sides of support; One end of one end of photoelectric sensor fixed arm and magnetic catch fixed arm is installed in support top and installation shaft on same axis, and photoelectric sensor fixed arm is after mainboard, and magnetic catch fixed arm is before mainboard; The other end of photoelectric sensor fixed arm is provided with photoelectric sensor; The other end of magnetic catch fixed arm is with magnetic catch, and pendulum is connected in the installation shaft of magnetic catch fixed arm and support by pendulum line.CN200979765 disclosed " demonstration mechanical energy conservation experiment instrument ", at least include a base, one fixed support, also has a flat board that is fixed on support upper end, above flat board, center is connected to a drop wire, under line, be fixed with a steel swing ball, above at least one side of flat board, be provided with one and can inhale the magnetic release of putting steel swing ball, and be provided with at least two photoelectricity door sensors on the flat board at the swinging track edge of steel swing ball.
Although above-mentioned experiment equipment has solved the problem existing in traditional instrument, but respectively there is drawback, as disclosed in Chinese patent literature CN201007867 " mechanical energy conservation experimental device ", to measure pendulum in the movement velocity of coordination not by moving photoconductor door sensor, so, when experiment, need to repeatedly measure, cause conventional efficient not high.CN200979765 disclosed " demonstration mechanical energy conservation experiment instrument " need to arrange multiple photoelectricity doors, the maximum restrictions of this type of tester can only be measured four group data, and because there is measuring error between photoelectricity door, cause that experimental data is inaccurate, experiment equipment high cost.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency that the utility model exists for existing machinery energy conservation experimental technique, provides a kind of simple to operate, stable, with low cost, high effective mechanical energy conservation experimental device of conventional efficient.
Mechanical energy conservation experimental device of the present utility model, by the following technical solutions:
This mechanical energy conservation experimental device, comprises base, column, scaleplate and control circuit; Column is installed on base, column top is provided with fork, the lower end of fork is connected with pendulum, a photoelectricity door sensor is installed on pendulum, scaleplate is fixedly mounted on base side, the upside of scaleplate is circular arc, and the edge of this circular arc upside is distributed with at least two light barriers, and the two ends up and down of scaleplate upside circular arc are respectively arranged with releasing means and receiving trap; Control circuit comprises governor circuit, mu balanced circuit and photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit, and photoelectricity door sensor is connected with photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit, and photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit is connected with governor circuit, and governor circuit is connected with mu balanced circuit.
Releasing means comprises upper and lower two intermediate plates, and two intermediate plates are arranged in a rotating shaft relatively, are provided with torsion spring in rotating shaft, and torsion spring two ends are pressed in respectively on two intermediate plates, and the outer end of upper clip is provided with end hook.End hook can hook pendulum, presses the inner end of upper clip, and end hook lifts, and can discharge pendulum.
Receiving trap is a stopper, in the time that pendulum swings to this position, stops pendulum and continues to fall to swinging, and makes it to be stuck in herein.
Governor circuit, comprises single-chip microcomputer U1 and download interface, and download interface is connected with single-chip microcomputer U1.
Photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit, comprises interface J3, resistance R 3, resistance R 4 and capacitor C 8, and interface J3 is connected with the power pins of download interface in governor circuit with resistance R 4 by resistance R 3 respectively; Capacitor C 8 one end are connected with the power pins of download interface in governor circuit, one end ground connection; Interface J3 is connected with photoelectricity door sensor, and the 3rd pin of interface J3 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1 in governor circuit.
When experiment, governor circuit is connected with computing machine, pendulum is fixed on releasing means, discharge pendulum and make its whereabouts, photoelectricity door sensor on it is successively by each light barrier on scaleplate, the signal that is in the light of photoelectricity door sensor transfers to governor circuit, governor circuit carries out data processing, and by digital data transmission to computing machine, the speed when time of being in the light of photoelectricity door sensor is converted to photoelectricity door by light barrier by computing machine, and calculate kinetic energy, potential energy and the mechanical energy of pendulum, and can show by curve.
The utility model is simple in structure, only needs to be equipped with a photoelectricity door sensor; Easy to operate, pendulum drives photoelectricity door sensor as long as fall once, just can gather the data that are repeatedly in the light, and so once experiment just can replace six experiments of traditional experiment device; Can automatically calculate kinetic energy, potential energy, the mechanical energy of pendulum, and three curves that can demonstrate kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical energy contrast, more directly perceived, teaching efficiency more; Adopt the carbon fiber bar of rigidity to replace the line in traditional experiment device, pendulum, in the time swinging, moves more stable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model mechanical energy conservation experimental device.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of scaleplate in the utility model mechanical energy conservation experimental device.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of releasing means in the utility model mechanical energy conservation experimental device.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of receiving trap in the utility model mechanical energy conservation experimental device.
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of governor circuit in the utility model.
Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of interface circuit in the utility model.
Fig. 7 is the circuit theory diagrams of mu balanced circuit in the utility model.
Fig. 8 is the circuit theory diagrams of interface protective circuit in the utility model.
Fig. 9 is the circuit theory diagrams of photoelectricity Acquisition Circuit in the utility model.
Wherein: 1, side seal mouth, 2, base, 3, scaleplate, 4, bolt, 5, self-tapping screw, 6, releasing means, 7, control enclosure, 8, stationary shaft, 9, fork, 10, pendulum, 11, receiving trap, 12, column, 13, bolt.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, mechanical energy conservation experimental device of the present utility model mainly comprises base 2, column 12, scaleplate 3 and control circuit.Base 2 is made for aluminium alloy extrusions, and side seal mouth 1 is equipped with at its two ends, and column 12 is installed on base 2.The top of column 12 is installed with control enclosure 7 by bolt 13, on control enclosure 7, by stationary shaft 8, the fork 9 that carbon fibre material is made is installed, and the lower end of fork 9 is fixed with pendulum 10.Photoelectricity door is installed on pendulum 10.Scaleplate 3 is fixedly mounted on the side of base 2 by bolt 4.As shown in Figure 2, the upside of scaleplate 3 is circular arc, and circular arc edge is distributed with at least two light barriers (black patch place is provided with six light barriers in Fig. 2), highly be respectively 15cm, 12cm, 9cm, 6cm, 3cm, 0cm, the width of light barrier is 1cm.The two ends of scaleplate 3 upside circular arcs are respectively arranged with releasing means 6 and receiving trap 11, releasing means 6 is for being fixed on pendulum scaleplate upper end, press pressing handle and just can discharging pendulum and make it to fall of releasing means 6, releasing means 6 is fixed on the upper end of scaleplate 3 circular arcs by self-tapping screw 5.Receiving trap 11 can stop the pendulum that receives swing.
Control circuit is arranged in control enclosure 7, comprise governor circuit, mu balanced circuit and photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit, photoelectricity door is connected (both lines are hidden in the endoporus of fork 9) with photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit, photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit is connected with governor circuit, and governor circuit is connected with mu balanced circuit.Governor circuit be connected with computing machine by USB interface, carry out data processing by computing machine.
As shown in Figure 2, be distributed with the light barrier of 6 black in scaleplate 3 upper edges, 6 light barriers are uniformly distributed in the vertical direction, are highly respectively 15,12,9,6,3,0cm.When pendulum falls, the photoelectricity door on pendulum 10 is successively by 6 light barriers.
As shown in Figure 3, releasing means 6 is clip structure to the structure of releasing means 6, comprises upper and lower two intermediate plates, two intermediate plates are arranged in a rotating shaft relatively, in rotating shaft, be provided with torsion spring, torsion spring two ends are pressed in respectively on two intermediate plates, and lower clamping piece is fixed on the upper end of scaleplate 3 by self-tapping screw 5.The outer end of upper clip is provided with end hook, and end hook can hook pendulum 10, presses the inner end of upper clip, and end hook lifts, and can discharge pendulum 10.
The structure of receiving trap 11 as shown in Figure 4, is a stopper, and receiving trap 11 and scaleplate 3 can splice as a whole, and in the time that pendulum 10 swings to this position, receiving trap 11 can stop pendulum 10, makes it to be stuck in herein.
Governor circuit as shown in Figure 5, comprises single-chip microcomputer U1 (STM32F103R8T6) and download interface, and download interface is connected with single-chip microcomputer U1.The output signal of the photoelectricity door sensor on pendulum 10 is connected to the 38th pin of single-chip microcomputer U1, and the low and high level of this pin of single-chip microcomputer U1 periodic monitor judges whether photoelectricity door is in the light.Y1 is 8MHz crystal oscillator, coordinates provide system clock for single-chip microcomputer U1 with ceramic disc capacitor C1, C2.
As shown in Figure 6, J2 is USB interface to download interface circuit, is connected to 44,45 pins of single-chip microcomputer U1 by resistance R 9 and R10.Q1 is metal-oxide-semiconductor AO3401, and single-chip microcomputer U1 is by the break-make of 51 foot control Q1 processed, and the break-make of Q1 can be controlled connection and the disconnection of usb communication.
Mu balanced circuit as shown in Figure 7, comprises voltage stabilizing chip U5, tantalum electrode electric capacity E1, ceramic disc capacitor C15 and ceramic disc capacitor C16.Voltage stabilizing chip U5 output 3.3V voltage is governor circuit power supply.
Interface protective circuit as shown in Figure 8, comprises Transient Suppression Diode chip U6, and 4 pin of chip and 6 pin are connected to D+, the D-signal wire of USB, causes the USB of single-chip microcomputer U1 to damage while preventing the plug of USB line.
Photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit as shown in Figure 9, comprises interface J3, resistance R 3, resistance R 4 and capacitor C 8.Interface J3 is connected with photoelectricity door, and the 3rd pin of J3 is connected to the 38th pin of single-chip microcomputer U1, and the 38th pin of single-chip microcomputer U1, transfers to single-chip microcomputer by the low and high level signal of photoelectricity door.The 1st pin of J3 is connected with the power supply V_USB that the USB in download interface interface circuit provides by resistance R 3 simultaneously, the 3rd pin of J3 by resistance R 4 with in download interface interface circuit the power supply V_USB that provides of USB be connected, the power supply V_USB that capacitor C 8 one end provide with USB is connected, one end ground connection.
When experiment, the governor circuit in control enclosure 7 is connected with computing machine with USB line, pendulum 10 is fixed on releasing means 6, discharge pendulum 10, pendulum 10 falls, and the photoelectricity door on it is successively by six light barriers on scaleplate 3.The signal that is in the light of photoelectricity door transfers to the governor circuit in control enclosure 7 by the line in fork 9 endoporus by the signal that is in the light, and the single-chip microcomputer U1 in governor circuit carries out data processing, and digital signal is transferred to computing machine by download interface circuit and USB line.The time of being in the light of photoelectricity door is converted to the speed of photoelectricity door when the light barrier by computing machine, and calculate kinetic energy, potential energy and the mechanical energy of pendulum, and can show by curve.
The utlity model has following feature:
1. simple to operate: pendulum, as long as fall once, just can gather the data that are in the light six times, so once experiment just can replace six experiments of traditional experiment device.
2. can automatically calculate kinetic energy, potential energy, the mechanical energy of pendulum, and three curves that can demonstrate kinetic energy, potential energy, mechanical energy contrast, more directly perceived, teaching efficiency is better.
3. Stability Analysis of Structures: adopt rigid carbon-fiber bar to replace the line in conventional fixtures, pendulum, in the time swinging, moves more stable.
Claims (5)
1. a mechanical energy conservation experimental device, comprises base, column, scaleplate and control circuit; It is characterized in that: column is installed on base, column top is provided with fork, the lower end of fork is connected with pendulum, a photoelectricity door sensor is installed on pendulum, scaleplate is fixedly mounted on base side, the upside of scaleplate is circular arc, and the edge of this circular arc upside is distributed with at least two light barriers, and the two ends up and down of scaleplate upside circular arc are respectively arranged with releasing means and receiving trap; Control circuit comprises governor circuit, mu balanced circuit and photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit, and photoelectricity door sensor is connected with photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit, and photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit is connected with governor circuit, and governor circuit is connected with mu balanced circuit.
2. mechanical energy conservation experimental device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described releasing means comprises upper and lower two intermediate plates, two intermediate plates are arranged in a rotating shaft relatively, are provided with torsion spring in rotating shaft, torsion spring two ends are pressed in respectively on two intermediate plates, and the outer end of upper clip is provided with end hook.
3. mechanical energy conservation experimental device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described receiving trap is a stopper.
4. mechanical energy conservation experimental device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described governor circuit comprises single-chip microcomputer U1 and download interface, and download interface is connected with single-chip microcomputer U1.
5. mechanical energy conservation experimental device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described photoelectricity door Acquisition Circuit, comprise interface J3, resistance R 3, resistance R 4 and capacitor C 8, interface J3 is connected with the power pins of download interface in governor circuit with resistance R 4 by resistance R 3 respectively; Capacitor C 8 one end are connected with the power pins of download interface in governor circuit, one end ground connection; Interface J3 is connected with photoelectricity door sensor, and the 3rd pin of interface J3 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1 in governor circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420284526.2U CN203838924U (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Experiment apparatus for measuring conservation of mechanical energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420284526.2U CN203838924U (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Experiment apparatus for measuring conservation of mechanical energy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203838924U true CN203838924U (en) | 2014-09-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420284526.2U Withdrawn - After Issue CN203838924U (en) | 2014-05-29 | 2014-05-29 | Experiment apparatus for measuring conservation of mechanical energy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN203838924U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103971565A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-06 | 山东省远大网络多媒体股份有限公司 | Experimental apparatus for conservation of mechanical energy |
-
2014
- 2014-05-29 CN CN201420284526.2U patent/CN203838924U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103971565A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-06 | 山东省远大网络多媒体股份有限公司 | Experimental apparatus for conservation of mechanical energy |
| CN103971565B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-05-11 | 山东省远大网络多媒体股份有限公司 | Mechanical energy conservation experimental device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20140917 Effective date of abandoning: 20160511 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |