CN203835324U - Long rubber cylinder compression type open hole packer - Google Patents
Long rubber cylinder compression type open hole packer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN203835324U CN203835324U CN201420121468.1U CN201420121468U CN203835324U CN 203835324 U CN203835324 U CN 203835324U CN 201420121468 U CN201420121468 U CN 201420121468U CN 203835324 U CN203835324 U CN 203835324U
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- Prior art keywords
- ring
- tube
- lock ring
- center tube
- open hole
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of multi-segment fracturing of an oil-gas well open hole horizontal well, in particular to a long rubber cylinder compression type open hole packer. The long rubber cylinder compression type open hole packer is mainly applied to open hole horizontal well multilayer fracturing and is provided with four rubber cylinders, two rubber cylinders are high in hardness, and two rubber cylinders are low in hardness. The packer is simple in structure and easy to set, and in the well descending process, the setting prevention design is achieved. In the setting process of the compression rubber cylinders, the sealing segments of the rubber cylinders are long, the sealing performance is reliable, the bearing pressure difference is large, it can be ensured that the packer resists high temperature and high pressure, the inner drift diameter is large, and it can be ensured that a plurality of fracturing balls reach the maximized number of fracturing layers.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to oil gas field open-hole horizontal well multistage fracturing technique field, particularly a kind of long packing element type compression type open hole packer.
Background technology
Open-hole horizontal well multiple fracturing technology is an advanced completion technique, is one of important well stimulation of low pressure, the exploitation of low-permeability oil gas reservoir, and it has the advantages such as plugging effect is good, downhole tool is few, operation is with strong points, construction cost is low.
Open-hole horizontal well multistage fracturing technology generally adopts open hole packer segmentation packing.According to the needs of shale gas reservoir exploitation, use packer that net horizontal section is separated into some sections, when fracturing construction, horizontal segment caudal end sliding sleeve is opened by pressure formula sliding sleeve, other sliding sleeve is opened by pitching, start pitching step by step from the horizontal segment tail end second level, carry out pressing crack construction targetedly.
At present, adopting open hole packer segmentation transformation is to solve the each interval of horizontal well all can fully be increased production the most effective a kind of measure, existing open hole packer mostly adopts inflatable seal element, mainly contains two kinds of structure typess, and one is to suppress in pipe, packing element expansion realizes the sealing setting, the poor ability of such packer pressure-bearing is lower, after the setting of lower brill, needs deblocking to trip out more difficult midway, therefore, this type is mainly used in the packing of the well cementing operation outside sleeve pipe; As the packing of volume increase transformation, the internal diameter setting due to packing element is relatively little, and the interval of packing is less, therefore can not meet a point packing for multistage volume increase transformation; Another kind is that after packing element soaks by wet goods medium, self-expanding realization sets sealing, and the construction technology of this mode is comparatively complicated, and the operating time is long, therefore can not meet the needs of construction.
Because horizontal well bore hole reservoir segment length, non-homogeneity are strong, conventional packer can not meet the needs of construction.For this reason, develop the long packing element type compression type open hole packer that is applicable to open-hole horizontal well, made it in the transformation of open-hole horizontal well staged fracturing, have more practicality.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, and a kind of long packing element type compression packer is provided, simple in structure, easily set, sealing segment length, pressure-bearing is poor large, ensure packer high temperature high voltage resistant, imperial palace latus rectum can ensure to reach the maximization of the pressure break number of plies by multiple pressure break balls.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, the scheme that the utility model provides is: a kind of long packing element type compression packer, comprise central tube and be arranged at the packing element on central tube, the upper end of described upper center tube is threaded with the lower end of top connection, and upper center tube lower end is connected with the upper end screw thread of transition joint; Top connection is threaded with upper centering ring, and fixes with holding screw; The entirety that upper center tube and transition joint are linked to be is equipped with back of the body cap, the ring set of locking, upper spring baffle ring, upper spring, upper lock ring, upper piston cylinder, ebonite cylinder, spacer ring, soft gum tube and "O"-ring from top to bottom successively; The groove of described upper back of the body cap coordinates transmitting torque with the projection of upper spring baffle ring; The described ring set of locking is threaded with upper spring baffle ring, and the ring set of locking is connected by shear pin with upper back of the body cap, and upper back of the body cap one end contacts with central tube step; The conical surface of described upper lock ring contacts with the inner conical surface of the ring set of locking, and the sawtooth of upper lock ring contacts with the sawtooth on upper center tube, between upper lock ring and upper spring baffle ring, packs upper spring into; Described upper piston cylinder is threaded with the ring set of locking, and seals upper center tube by "O"-ring; On described upper center tube, there are an ebonite cylinder and a soft gum tube, between ebonite cylinder and soft gum tube, separated by a spacer ring; Described lower center tube, soft gum tube, spacer ring, ebonite cylinder, lower piston cylinder, "O"-ring, lower lock ring cover, lower lock ring, lower spring, lower spring baffle ring, lower back cap and soft gum tube, spacer ring, ebonite cylinder, upper piston cylinder, "O"-ring, the ring set of locking, upper lock ring, upper spring, upper spring baffle ring, upper back of the body cap are arranged symmetrically with respect to transition joint; The groove fit transmitting torque of the projection of described lower spring baffle ring and lower back cap; Described lower contact is threaded with the lower end of lower center tube; Described lower centering ring is threaded with lower contact, and fixes with tightening pin.
And, on described upper center tube and lower center tube, respectively there is pressure transmission hole radially, the upper pressure transmission hole of upper center tube is on "O"-ring sealing place of upper piston cylinder and upper center tube between "O"-ring sealing place, and the lower pressure transmission hole of lower center tube is on "O"-ring sealing place of lower piston cylinder and lower center tube between "O"-ring sealing place.
And, described in lock ring set and the annular conical surface of locking coordinate, lower lock ring cover and lower lock ring cone match.
And described packing element divides packing element and the low packing element of hardness that hardness is high, is separated between two packing elements by spacer ring.
And, 0.5 meter, described upper ebonite cylinder, lower ebonite cylinder, upper soft gum tube, the each length of lower soft gum tube, group is grown into the seal section of two meters.
And the projection of described upper spring baffle ring inserts in the groove of upper back of the body cap, the projection of lower spring baffle ring inserts in the groove of lower back cap.
And, on described upper center tube, being provided with the descending zigzag screw thread of guiding lock ring with the part of the loop contacts of locking, the part of lower center tube up and down lock ring contact is provided with the up zigzag screw thread of guiding lock ring.
And, described upper lock ring and lower lock ring adopt the interior toothing of single otch, upper lock ring is against and is locked in ring set by upper spring, lower lock ring is against in lower lock ring cover by lower spring, upper lock ring is followed upper spring transmission of pressure, descending and Prssure lock is fixed on upper center tube, lower lock ring is followed lower spring transmission of pressure, up and Prssure lock is fixed on lower center tube.
And described upper lock ring and lower lock ring are the also multi-disc lock ring piece composition of assembling of mark in order.For example, described upper lock ring is cut into six, and every a slice of mark in order, forms one by six, when assembling, uses by sequence number assembling, and lower lock ring is the same with upper lock ring to be processed.
And described upper centering ring and lower centering ring are flow guiding type.
And described four packing elements are to middle extrusion expansion under the extruding of upper piston cylinder and lower piston cylinder, this seal form of being pushed to centre by two ends is more conducive to packing element sealing.
And, described in the shear pin quantity that ring set and lower lock ring put of locking can set voluntarily according to customer demand setting force.
Long packing element type compression bore hole hanging packer of the present utility model is provided with two hydraulic cylinders and two pistons, when packer is lowered into behind design level position, suppress by managing, drive two pistons to cut off lock ring and put shear pin simultaneously to transition joint campaign, crush seal packing element, lock ring locking pressure, realizes reliable grappling and sealing.This instrument ensures packer high temperature high voltage resistant, positiver sealing open hole well.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is A part enlarged drawing in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is B part enlarged drawing in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is C part enlarged drawing in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is D part enlarged drawing in Fig. 1.
Wherein, 1, top connection, 2, upper centering ring, 3, the first tightening pin, 4, upper center tube, 5, upper back of the body cap, 6, the first shear pin, 7, upper spring baffle ring, 8, the ring set of locking, 9, upper spring, 10, upper lock ring, 11, upper piston cylinder, 12, the first "O"-ring, 13, the second "O"-ring, 14, upper ebonite cylinder, 15, upper isolating ring, 16, upper soft gum tube, 17, transition joint, 18, lower soft gum tube, 19, lower isolating ring, 20, lower ebonite cylinder, 21, the 3rd "O"-ring, 22, the 4th "O"-ring, 23, lower piston cylinder, 24, lower lock ring, 25, lower spring, 26, lower lock ring cover, 27, lower spring baffle ring, 28, the second shear pin, 29, lower back cap, 30, lower center tube, 31, the second tightening pin, 32, lower centering ring, 33, lower contact, 34, upper pressure transmission hole, 35, lower pressure transmission hole.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is described in further detail.
The present embodiment provides a kind of long packing element type compression packer, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ 5, comprise central tube and be arranged at the packing element on central tube, the upper end of described upper center tube 4 is threaded with the lower end of top connection 1, and upper center tube 4 lower ends are connected with the upper end screw thread of transition joint 17, top connection 1 is threaded with upper centering ring 2, and fixing with the first holding screw 3, the entirety that upper center tube 4 and transition joint 17 are linked to be is equipped with back of the body cap 5 from top to bottom successively, the ring set 8 of locking, upper spring baffle ring 7, upper spring 9, upper lock ring 10, upper piston cylinder 11, upper ebonite cylinder 14, upper isolating ring 15, upper soft gum tube 16, the first "O"-ring 12 and the second "O"-ring 13, the groove of described upper back of the body cap 5 coordinates transmitting torque with the projection of upper spring baffle ring 7, the described ring set 8 of locking is threaded with upper spring baffle ring 7, and the ring set 8 of locking is connected by the first shear pin 6 with upper back of the body cap 5, and upper back of the body cap 5 one end contact with upper center tube 4 steps, the conical surface of described upper lock ring 10 contacts with the inner conical surface of the ring set 8 of locking, and the sawtooth of upper lock ring 10 contacts with the sawtooth on upper center tube 4, between upper lock ring 10 and upper spring baffle ring 7, packs upper spring 9 into, described upper piston cylinder 11 is threaded with the ring set 8 of locking, and by the first "O"-ring, the second "O"-ring sealing upper center tube 4, on described upper center tube 4, there are a upper ebonite cylinder 14 and a upper soft gum tube 16, between upper ebonite cylinder 14 and upper soft gum tube 16, separated by a upper isolating ring 15, described lower center tube 30, lower soft gum tube 18, lower isolating ring 19, lower ebonite cylinder 20, lower piston cylinder 23, the 3rd "O"-ring 21, the 4th "O"-ring 22, lower lock ring cover 26, lower lock ring 24, lower spring 25, lower spring baffle ring 27, lower back cap 29, the first shear pin 6 and the second shear pin 28, upper soft gum tube 16, upper isolating ring 15, upper ebonite cylinder 14, upper piston cylinder 11, the second "O"-ring 13, the first "O"-ring 12, the ring set 8 of locking, upper lock ring 10, upper spring 9, upper spring baffle ring 7, upper back of the body cap 5 is arranged symmetrically with respect to transition joint 17, the groove fit transmitting torque of the projection of described lower spring baffle ring 27 and lower back cap 29, described lower contact 33 is threaded with the lower end of lower center tube 30, described lower centering ring 32 is threaded with lower contact 33, and fixing with the second tightening pin 31.
Further, on described upper center tube 4 and lower center tube 30, respectively there is a pressure transmission hole radially, the upper pressure transmission hole 34 of upper center tube 4 is on 11 second "O"-ring 13 sealings place of upper piston cylinder and upper center tube 4 between the first "O"-ring 12 sealings place, and the lower pressure transmission hole 35 of lower center tube 30 is on the 3rd "O"-ring 21 sealings place of lower piston cylinder 23 and lower center tube 30 between the 4th "O"-ring 22 sealings place.
Further, described in lock ring set 8 and upper lock ring 10 cone match, lower lock ring cover 26 and lower lock ring 24 cone match, the coupling mechanism force after packing element sets is exactly these two conical surface transmission.
Further, described packing element divides upper soft gum tube 16, the lower soft gum tube 18 that the upper ebonite cylinder 14 that hardness is high, lower ebonite cylinder 20 and hardness are low, and upper ebonite cylinder 14 and upper soft gum tube 16 are separated by upper isolating ring 15, and lower ebonite cylinder 20 and lower soft gum tube 18 are separated by lower isolating ring 19.In beating, press while setting, along with the first crimp of two soft gum tubes of rising gradually of pressure, with the just crimp of latter two ebonite cylinder.
Further, 0.5 meter, described upper ebonite cylinder 14, lower ebonite cylinder 20, upper soft gum tube 16, the each length of lower soft gum tube 18, the seal section of composition reaches two meters, can effective sealing reservoir segment length, the open hole well borehole wall that non-homogeneity is strong.
Further, the projection of described upper spring baffle ring 7 inserts in the groove of upper back of the body cap 5, and the projection of lower spring baffle ring 27 inserts in the groove of lower back cap 29, and coordinating of projection and groove can transmitting torque, Compress Spring compression lock ring.
Further, the part contacting with upper lock ring 10 on described upper center tube 4 is provided with the descending zigzag screw thread of guiding lock ring, and the part that lower center tube 30 up and down lock rings 24 contact is provided with the up zigzag screw thread of guiding lock ring.
Further, described upper lock ring 10 and lower lock ring 24 adopt the interior toothing of single otch, upper lock ring 10 is against and is locked in ring set 8 by upper spring 9, lower lock ring 24 is against in lower lock ring cover 26 by lower spring 25, upper lock ring 10 is followed upper spring 9 transmission of pressures, descending and Prssure lock is fixed on upper center tube 4, lower lock ring 24 is followed lower spring 25 transmission of pressures, up and Prssure lock is fixed on lower center tube.Lock ring all can only single-way moving on central tube, can not oppositely move.
Further, described upper lock ring 10 is cut into six, and every a slice of mark in order, forms one by six, uses the processing the same as upper lock ring 10 of lower lock ring 24 when assembling by sequence number assembling.
Further, described upper centering ring 2 and lower centering ring 32 are flow guiding type, and centering ring can ensure the placed in the middle property of packer in well in the process of going into the well, and prevents the wearing and tearing of the parts such as packing element.Its specific spiral stream guidance groove structure not only can alleviate liquid to directly the washing away of this packer, and can also produce certain twisting force at connection of thread, prevents that screw thread from unclamping in the process of going into the well.
And described four packing elements are to transition joint 17 extrusion expansions under the extruding of upper piston cylinder 11 and lower piston cylinder 23, this seal form of being pushed to centre by two ends is more conducive to packing element sealing.
And, described in the shear pin quantity of locking on ring set 8 and lower lock ring cover 26 can set voluntarily according to customer demand setting force.
Operating principle of the present utility model is: utilize supporting intubate or ball seat to form sealing at packer endoporus place, in oil pipe, suppress, liquid produces axially downward thrust by the upper pressure transmission mouth 34 of long packing element type compression packer on upper piston cylinder 11, act on the ring set 8 of locking, reach starting pressure, shearing the first shear pin 6 on ring set 8 of locking, drive upper spring baffle ring 7 descending, upper spring baffle ring 7 compresses again upper spring 9 and promotes upper lock ring 10 in upper center tube 4 up-downgoings, ebonite cylinder 14 and upper soft gum tube 16 in upper piston cylinder 11 descending extruding simultaneously, upper soft gum tube 16 first starts to expand, after upper ebonite cylinder 14, start to expand, descending to a certain degree after, packing element seals up the bore hole borehole wall, at this moment go up lock ring 10 and pin the sawtooth on upper center tube 4, prevent ebonite cylinder 14 and 16 resiliences of upper soft gum tube, maintaining packing element sets.On liquid enters in pressure transmission mouth 34, another part liquid enters lower pressure transmission mouth 35 and on lower piston cylinder 23, produces axial thrust upwards, act on lower lock ring cover 26, reach starting pressure, shear the second shear pin 28 on lower lock ring cover 26, drive lower spring baffle ring 27 up, it is up on lower center tube 30 that lower spring baffle ring 27 compresses again the lower lock ring 24 of lower spring 25 promotion, ebonite cylinder 20 and lower soft gum tube 18 under lower piston cylinder 23 up extruding simultaneously, lower soft gum tube 18 first starts to expand, after lower ebonite cylinder 20, start to expand, up to a certain degree after, packing element seals up the bore hole borehole wall, this at present lock ring 24 pin the sawtooth on lower center tube 30, prevent lower ebonite cylinder 20 and lower soft gum tube 18 resiliences, maintaining packing element sets.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the utility model principle; can also make some improvement or distortion, these improvement or distortion also should be considered as protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. a long packing element type compression type open hole packer, comprise central tube and be arranged at the packing element on central tube, it is characterized in that: described central tube comprises upper center tube and lower center tube, the upper end of upper center tube is threaded with the lower end of top connection, and upper center tube lower end is connected with the upper end screw thread of transition joint; Top connection is threaded with upper centering ring, and fixes with holding screw; The entirety that upper center tube and transition joint are linked to be is equipped with back of the body cap, the ring set of locking, upper spring baffle ring, upper spring, upper lock ring, upper piston cylinder, ebonite cylinder, spacer ring, soft gum tube and "O"-ring from top to bottom successively; The groove of described upper back of the body cap coordinates transmitting torque with the projection of upper spring baffle ring; The described ring set of locking is threaded with upper spring baffle ring, and the ring set of locking is connected by shear pin with upper back of the body cap, and upper back of the body cap one end contacts with central tube step; The conical surface of described upper lock ring contacts with the inner conical surface of the ring set of locking, and the sawtooth of upper lock ring contacts with the sawtooth on upper center tube, between upper lock ring and upper spring baffle ring, packs upper spring into; Described upper piston cylinder is threaded with the ring set of locking, and seals upper center tube by "O"-ring; On described upper center tube, there are an ebonite cylinder and a soft gum tube, between ebonite cylinder and soft gum tube, separated by a spacer ring; Described lower center tube, soft gum tube, spacer ring, ebonite cylinder, lower piston cylinder, "O"-ring, lower lock ring cover, lower lock ring, lower spring, lower spring baffle ring, lower back cap and soft gum tube, spacer ring, ebonite cylinder, upper piston cylinder, "O"-ring, the ring set of locking, upper lock ring, upper spring, upper spring baffle ring, upper back of the body cap are arranged symmetrically with respect to transition joint; The groove fit transmitting torque of the projection of described lower spring baffle ring and lower back cap; The lower end of described lower center tube is threaded with lower contact; Described lower contact is threaded with lower centering ring, and fixes with tightening pin.
2. a kind of long packing element type compression type open hole packer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on described upper center tube and lower center tube, respectively there is pressure transmission hole radially, the upper pressure transmission hole of upper center tube is on "O"-ring sealing place of upper piston cylinder and upper center tube between "O"-ring sealing place, and the lower pressure transmission hole of lower center tube is on "O"-ring sealing place of lower piston cylinder and lower center tube between "O"-ring sealing place.
3. a kind of long packing element type compression type open hole packer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ebonite cylinder comprises ebonite cylinder and lower ebonite cylinder, described soft gum tube comprises soft gum tube and lower soft gum tube, 0.5 meter, upper ebonite cylinder, lower ebonite cylinder, upper soft gum tube, the each length of lower soft gum tube, group is grown into the seal section of two meters.
4. a kind of long packing element type compression type open hole packer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in lock ring set and the annular conical surface of locking coordinate, lower lock ring cover and lower lock ring cone match.
5. a kind of long packing element type compression type open hole packer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on described upper center tube, be provided with the descending zigzag screw thread of guiding lock ring with the part of the loop contacts of locking, the part of lower center tube up and down lock ring contact is provided with the up zigzag screw thread of guiding lock ring.
6. a kind of long packing element type compression type open hole packer according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described upper lock ring and lower lock ring adopt the interior toothing of single otch, upper lock ring is against and is locked in ring set by upper spring, and lower lock ring is against in lower lock ring cover by lower spring.
7. a kind of long packing element type compression type open hole packer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described upper lock ring and lower lock ring are the also multi-disc lock ring piece composition of assembling of mark in order.
8. a kind of long packing element type compression type open hole packer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described upper centering ring and lower centering ring are flow guiding type.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201420121468.1U CN203835324U (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2014-03-18 | Long rubber cylinder compression type open hole packer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201420121468.1U CN203835324U (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2014-03-18 | Long rubber cylinder compression type open hole packer |
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CN203835324U true CN203835324U (en) | 2014-09-17 |
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CN201420121468.1U Expired - Lifetime CN203835324U (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2014-03-18 | Long rubber cylinder compression type open hole packer |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103835675A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-04 | 四机赛瓦石油钻采设备有限公司 | Long-rubber-sleeve compression type open hole packer |
-
2014
- 2014-03-18 CN CN201420121468.1U patent/CN203835324U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103835675A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-04 | 四机赛瓦石油钻采设备有限公司 | Long-rubber-sleeve compression type open hole packer |
CN103835675B (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2017-01-25 | 四机赛瓦石油钻采设备有限公司 | Long-rubber-sleeve compression type open hole packer |
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