CN203822474U - Energy-saving engine with variable compression ratio - Google Patents
Energy-saving engine with variable compression ratio Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN203822474U CN203822474U CN201420111120.4U CN201420111120U CN203822474U CN 203822474 U CN203822474 U CN 203822474U CN 201420111120 U CN201420111120 U CN 201420111120U CN 203822474 U CN203822474 U CN 203822474U
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- cylinder
- cylinder head
- energy
- cylinder body
- cam
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an energy-saving engine with a variable compression ratio. The energy-saving engine comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder barrel, a cylinder cover, a cylinder cover hood, a connecting rod, a crank, a crankshaft and a piston, wherein a guide device is arranged between the cylinder cover and the cylinder body and comprises guide rods, guide sleeves and springs; the guide rods are fixedly arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom end of the cylinder cover; the guide sleeves are fixedly arranged on the cylinder body; each spring is arranged outside the corresponding guide sleeve; each guide rod is matched with the corresponding guide sleeve; a pushing device is arranged above the cylinder cover and comprises a cam, an upper rotating wheel, a lower rotating wheel and a triangular frame; an endpoint of the triangular frame is arranged on the cylinder cover hood, and the upper rotating wheel and the lower rotating wheel are arranged at the other two endpoints of the triangular frame respectively; the upper rotating wheel is in contact with the cam, and the lower rotating wheel is in contact with the top end of the cylinder cover. The energy-saving engine has the characteristics of good acting force output effect, controllability in cylinder size, high efficiency and convenience in use, has the advantages of ingenious design, simplicity in manufacturing and remarkable effect, and is widely applicable to various vehicle types.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of engines, relates in particular to a kind of energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio.
Background technique
At present, traditional four stroke engine mainly comprises cylinder, crank, piston and connecting rod, motor produces heat energy by the air in cylinder and oil firing, high temperature and high pressure gas acts on piston head, promotion piston does reciprocating linear motion, and piston acting promotes link motion, thereby promotes crankshaft rotating acting, engine crank rotation 2 use complete once circulation, and each circulation comprises suction stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke and exhaust stroke.
When motor completes compression stroke, piston arrives top dead center, gas while now burning in cylinder has the highest swelling pressure, but because piston, connecting rod, crank and main journal can not form effective moment to the rotating center of bent axle nearly all point-blank, therefore while causing the highest swelling pressure, the action effect of power is poor, and mechanical efficiency is lower.
The applicant's: Chinese patent: application number 201310076040.X, notification number CN103147855 A, day for announcing 2013.06.12, this disclosure of the invention a kind of energy-saving engine, comprise cylinder body, cylinder head, cylinder head cover, crank, connecting rod and piston, it is characterized in that: the center on cylinder head top is provided with groove, in groove, be provided with wheel, wheel central hole is also connected with lateral pin by bearing, and lateral pin two ends are connected with groove inner side; The top of wheel is provided with cam, and cam is fixedly connected on camshaft, and camshaft one end is provided with gear, and gear is driven by driving component by the crank gear of crank one end; The upper of cylinder head is connected by upper rubber sleeve along periphery with the lower of cylinder head cover along periphery, and the lower of cylinder head is connected by lower rubber sleeve along periphery with the upper of cylinder body along periphery; Mian He bottom right, cylinder head lower-left face is arranged with two pins, and Mian He upper right, the upper left face of cylinder body is provided with the sleeve being slidably matched with pin, and the outside cover of pin and sleeve has spring.The not good effect of the output of the active force of this invention, the volume of cylinder cannot be realized control.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is the deficiency for available engine, provides a kind of output effect of active force good, and the volume of cylinder can be realized control, the effect energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio high, easy to use.
To achieve these goals, the utility model has adopted following technological scheme:
An energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio, comprises cylinder body, cylinder barrel, cylinder head, valve mechanism cover, connecting rod, crank, crankshaft and piston; Between described cylinder head and cylinder body, be provided with guiding device, described guiding device comprise be fixedly mounted on cylinder head bottom the right and left guide rod, be fixedly mounted on the guide sleeve on cylinder body and be arranged on the spring outside guide sleeve; Described guide rod and guide sleeve are used in conjunction with; Wherein: described cylinder head top is provided with a pressing device, and described pressing device comprises cam, upper runner, lower runner and tripod; An end points of described tripod is arranged in valve mechanism cover, and two other end points is installed respectively runner and lower runner; Described upper runner contacts with cam, and described lower runner contacts with the top of cylinder head; Described cam is arranged on camshaft; On described camshaft, bent axle, be separately installed with camshaft sprocket, crankshaft sprocket, and camshaft sprocket is connected by chain with crankshaft sprocket.
In the utility model, by cam, control cylinder head or cylinder head and cylinder barrel and move up and down and can change the combustion volume in when acting cylinder barrel, moment the maximum firing pressure that burns act on the most appropriate position, can play a multiplier effect.By tripod, upper runner and lower runner are fixed, made, when upper runner is subject to knock over cam, left and right displacement can not occur, can only move down, improve the stressing conditions of cylinder head.
Between above-described camshaft sprocket and crankshaft sprocket, be provided with arrangements for speed regulation, described arrangements for speed regulation comprise motor, concentric cylinder gear, kinematic link and are arranged on the speed governing sprocket wheel at kinematic link two ends; Described concentric cylinder gear comprises small gear and gearwheel; Intermediate portion at kinematic link is provided with tooth, and is meshed with the small gear of concentric cylinder gear; The gearwheel of described concentric cylinder gear is meshed with the worm screw of motor; Described speed governing sprocket wheel contacts with the chain that camshaft sprocket is connected with crankshaft sprocket, makes chain in tightening up state.
In the utility model, thereby set up the speed that arrangements for speed regulation just can regulating and controlling cam, realize the volume while controlling cylinder acting, thereby reach energy-conservation effect.
When above-described cylinder barrel and cylinder body are fixedly installed togather, the intermediate portion of described cylinder head bottom is provided with toroidal lug boss, and lug boss embeds in cylinder barrel; Between lug boss and cylinder barrel, be provided with seal ring.
Above-described cylinder barrel is fixedly connected with cylinder head, and cylinder barrel moves up and down together with cylinder head.
Above-described cylinder body and cylinder barrel are tilting, make motor when entering expansion stroke, and the piston in cylinder body and connecting rod are in center line coincidence status.
In the utility model, make motor in the moment that enters expansion stroke, piston in cylinder body and connecting rod are in center line coincidence status, thereby when the masterpiece that motor is produced when burning is used on piston, piston and connecting rod are in center line coincidence status, the crunch that can make piston produce vertically acts on connecting rod, make connecting rod obtain larger power and promote bent axle acting, the power therefore more producing when the energy that burns the same more strengthens, and has arrived energy-conservation object.
The bottom sidewall of above-described cylinder body and cylinder barrel is provided with a breach, and the position of described breach is corresponding with the movement locus of connecting rod.
In the utility model, due to cylinder body and cylinder barrel banking, the bottom of cylinder body, cylinder barrel is more close connecting rod on one side, another side is away from connecting rod, so have a perpendicular rectangular openning in the bottom of cylinder body banking and cylinder barrel, can make connecting rod row, can not encounter cylinder body and cylinder barrel while calming the anger stroke, this rectangular openning can not affect piston sealing in the bottom of cylinder body and cylinder barrel can allow again connecting rod pass through smoothly.
The upper of the above cylinder head is connected by telescopic upper rubber sleeve along periphery with the lower of cylinder head cover along periphery, and the lower of cylinder head is connected by telescopic lower rubber sleeve along periphery with the upper of cylinder body along periphery.
In the process moving up and down at cylinder head, can not have influence on being connected of cylinder head and cylinder body and cylinder head cover.
Working principle:
By bent axle, rotated, drive crankshaft gear, by chain-driving camshaft gear wheel, rotate, make camshaft rotate the rotation of band moving cam, and bent axle takes two turns, cam turns around, be that motor completes four strokes, cam revolves and turns around, its transmission principle and crankshaft gear drive intake cam shaftgear and exhaust cam shaftgear, thereby the spinning movement that completes intake cam and exhaust cam with drive admission cam shaft and exhaust cam shaft rotation is identical, and by being located at the middle arrangements for speed regulation of crankshaft gear and camshaft gear wheel, thereby can adjust chain reaches adjustment camshaft gear wheel and reaches adjustment cam speed, and finally reach the volume of adjusting cylinder, thereby reach the target that changes the effect of cylinder expansion stroke acting according to different road conditions.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
1, cylinder body of the present utility model and cylinder head, cylinder barrel etc. adopt setting banking, make pressure maximum that instancy of combustion produces act on piston (piston is parallel with connecting rod solid) with on the same shaft axis of connecting rod time, the crunch that can make piston produce vertically acts on connecting rod, makes connecting rod obtain larger power and carrys out throw crank acting; Due to cylinder body and cylinder barrel banking, the bottom of cylinder body, cylinder barrel is more close connecting rod on one side, another side is away from connecting rod, so have a perpendicular rectangular openning in the bottom of cylinder body banking and cylinder barrel, can make connecting rod row, can not encounter cylinder body and cylinder barrel while calming the anger stroke, this rectangular openning can not affect piston sealing in the bottom of cylinder body and cylinder barrel can allow again connecting rod pass through smoothly.
2, the utility model adopts and above cylinder cap, is provided with pressing device, make cylinder cap or cylinder cap and cylinder barrel energy up and down, thereby make to obtain at the volley larger, the firing pressure of instancy of combustion maximum acts on the most appropriate position, can play a multiplier effect, upper runner moves on the convex surface of cam, so when piston runs down to lower dead center, cylinder head or cylinder head and cylinder barrel are all as you were at same position, go up subsequently runner the inclined-plane along cam is run to curved surface, and spring is with being about to the jack-up playback that makes progress of cylinder head or cylinder head and cylinder barrel, enter immediately lower one-stroke.Motor when operation cylinder head is bob always, so suction port is connected with a changeover portion with outlet pipe with suction tude with relief opening, this changeover portion can be along with bob elongation or the contraction of cylinder head; By vehicle-mounted computer, according to different road conditions, control actuating motor simultaneously, actuating motor is controlled the rotational velocity of cam again, control the time that cylinder head or cylinder head and cylinder barrel move up and down, thereby reach the volume of control combustion moment cylinder operation, make working efficiency reach optimum effect, the effect of energy saving.
3, the utility model have design ingenious, manufacture simple, the significant advantage of effect, be adapted at various vehicles and use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is embodiment's integral cylinder head assembly structure cross-sectional schematic;
Accompanying drawing 2 is split type cylinder cap assembly structure cross-sectional schematic of embodiment;
Accompanying drawing 3 is structural representations of embodiment's left view;
Accompanying drawing 4 is structural representations of embodiment's control transmission.
In figure, identify: cylinder body-1, cylinder barrel-2, piston-3, guiding device-4, lower rubber sleeve-5, cylinder head-6, upper rubber sleeve-7, intake cam-8, tripod-9, lower runner-10, upper runner-11, cylinder head cover-12, cam-13, camshaft-14, exhaust cam-15, seal ring-16, connecting rod-17, crank-18, bent axle-19, crankshaft sprocket-20, chain-21, speed governing sprocket wheel-22, kinematic link-23, camshaft sprocket-24, exhaust sprocket-25, air inlet sprocket wheel-26, worm screw-27, gearwheel-28, small gear-29.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiment of the present utility model is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio, comprise cylinder body 1, cylinder barrel 2, cylinder head 6, valve mechanism cover, connecting rod 17, crank 18, bent axle 19 and piston 3, cylinder barrel 2 is fixedly installed togather with cylinder body 1, the intermediate portion of cylinder head 6 bottoms is provided with toroidal lug boss, lug boss embeds in cylinder barrel 2, between lug boss and cylinder barrel 2, is provided with seal ring 16; Cylinder body 1 is tilting with cylinder barrel 2, makes motor when acting, and the piston 3 in cylinder body 1 is with connecting rod 17 in center line coincidence status, and the bottom sidewall of cylinder body 1 and cylinder barrel 2 is provided with a breach, and the position of breach is corresponding with the movement locus of connecting rod 17; The upper of cylinder head 6 is connected by telescopic upper rubber sleeve 7 along periphery with the lower of cylinder head cover 12 along periphery, and the lower of cylinder head 6 is connected by telescopic lower rubber sleeve 5 along periphery with the upper of cylinder body 1 along periphery.Between cylinder head 6 and cylinder body 1, be provided with guiding device, guiding device comprise be fixedly mounted on cylinder head 6 bottom the right and lefts guide rod, be fixedly mounted on the guide sleeve on cylinder body 1 and be arranged on the spring outside guide sleeve, guide rod and guide sleeve are used in conjunction with, cylinder head 6 tops are provided with a pressing device, pressing device comprises cam 13, upper runner 11, lower runner 10 and tripod 9, an end points of tripod 9 is arranged in valve mechanism cover, two other end points is installed respectively runner 11 and lower runner 10, upper runner 11 contacts with cam 13, lower runner 10 contacts with the top of cylinder head 6, cam 13 is arranged on camshaft 14, camshaft 14, on bent axle 19, be separately installed with camshaft sprocket 24, crankshaft sprocket 20, and camshaft sprocket 24 is connected by chain 21 with crankshaft sprocket 20, between camshaft sprocket 24 and crankshaft sprocket 20, be provided with arrangements for speed regulation, arrangements for speed regulation comprise motor, concentric cylinder gear (comprising small gear 29 and gearwheel 28), vehicle-mounted computer, kinematic link 23 and the speed governing sprocket wheel 22 that is arranged on kinematic link 23 two ends, intermediate portion at kinematic link 23 is provided with tooth, motor is actuating motor, actuating motor connects vehicle-mounted computer, and be meshed with the small gear 29 of concentric cylinder gear, the gearwheel 28 of concentric cylinder gear is meshed with the worm screw 27 of motor, and speed governing sprocket wheel 22 contacts with the chain 21 that camshaft sprocket 24 is connected with crankshaft sprocket 20, makes chain 21 in tightening up state.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio, comprise cylinder body 1, cylinder barrel 2, cylinder head 6, valve mechanism cover, connecting rod 17, crank 18, bent axle 19 and piston 3, cylinder barrel 2 is fixedly connected with cylinder head 6, and cylinder barrel 2 moves up and down together with cylinder head 6, and cylinder body 1 is tilting with cylinder barrel 2; Cylinder body 1 is tilting with cylinder barrel 2, makes motor when acting, and the piston 3 in cylinder body 1 is with connecting rod 17 in center line coincidence status, and the bottom sidewall of cylinder body 1 and cylinder barrel 2 is provided with a breach, and the position of breach is corresponding with the movement locus of connecting rod 17; The upper of cylinder head 6 is connected by telescopic upper rubber sleeve 7 along periphery with the lower of cylinder head cover 12 along periphery, and the lower of cylinder head 6 is connected by telescopic lower rubber sleeve 5 along periphery with the upper of cylinder body 1 along periphery.Between cylinder head 6 and cylinder body 1, be provided with guiding device, guiding device comprise be fixedly mounted on cylinder head 6 bottom the right and lefts guide rod, be fixedly mounted on the guide sleeve on cylinder body 1 and be arranged on the spring outside guide sleeve, guide rod and guide sleeve are used in conjunction with, cylinder head 6 tops are provided with a pressing device, pressing device comprises cam 13, upper runner 11, lower runner 10 and tripod 9, an end points of tripod 9 is arranged in valve mechanism cover, two other end points is installed respectively runner 11 and lower runner 10, upper runner 11 contacts with cam 13, lower runner 10 contacts with the top of cylinder head 6, cam 13 is arranged on camshaft 14, camshaft 14, on bent axle 19, be separately installed with camshaft sprocket 24, crankshaft sprocket 20, and camshaft sprocket 24 is connected by chain 21 with crankshaft sprocket 20, between camshaft sprocket 24 and crankshaft sprocket 20, be provided with arrangements for speed regulation, arrangements for speed regulation comprise motor, concentric cylinder gear (comprising small gear 29 and gearwheel 28), vehicle-mounted computer, kinematic link 23 and the speed governing sprocket wheel 22 that is arranged on kinematic link 23 two ends, intermediate portion at kinematic link 23 is provided with tooth, motor is actuating motor, actuating motor connects vehicle-mounted computer, and be meshed with the small gear 29 of concentric cylinder gear, the gearwheel 28 of concentric cylinder gear is meshed with the worm screw 27 of motor, and speed governing sprocket wheel 22 contacts with the chain 21 that camshaft sprocket 24 is connected with crankshaft sprocket 20, makes chain 21 in tightening up state.
During work:
Aspirating stroke: intake cam 8 promotes IO Intake Valve Opens, gas enters from suction port, piston 3 moves to lower dead center from top dead center and sucks gas, the bump of this one-stroke cam 13 is rotated in the upside of cam 13, cylinder head 6 does not change with the relative position of intake cam 8, so the control of 8 pairs of intake valves of intake cam is unaffected.
Compression stroke: IC Intake Valve Closes, piston 3 moves to top dead center from lower dead center, and the bump of this one-stroke cam 13 is rotated in the right side of cam 13.
Expansion stroke: piston 3 moves downward from top dead center, when the bump arc-shaped side of cam 13 has just rotated to directly over runner time, bump promotes runner downwards, cylinder head 6 or cylinder head 6 and cylinder barrel 2 are moved downward, the compressed pressure and temperature of air in cylinder barrel 2 has reached the requirement of oil spout or igniting, now igniting or spray pool, the maximum pressure that instancy of combustion produces acts on by handle, on piston 3 and the same line of connecting rod 17, again because connecting rod 17 is not with by handle point-blank, and shape has a certain degree, can form more effective moment, the transmission of exerting all one's strength is more scientific, piston 3 continues to run down to lower dead center, in this process, the bump of cam 13 still rotates on wheel, also mean that cylinder head 6 does not have change at same position in this course.Meanwhile, vehicle-mounted computer can be controlled actuating motor according to different road conditions, thereby allows kinematic link 23 move left and right, and reaches and controls cam 13 rotating speeds, and while controlling expansion stroke, the volume size of cylinder, finally reaches energy-conservation effect.
Exhaust stroke: piston 3 moves to top dead center from lower dead center, oneself rotates the bump of cam 13 to its left side, and cylinder head 6 and cylinder barrel 2 reset under the effect of spring, the upwards compression of upper rubber sleeve 7, exhaust cam 15 promotes exhaust valve and opens, and remainder of exhaust gas is discharged from relief opening.
Above-described embodiment, is more preferably one of concrete mode of the present utility model, and the common variation that those skilled in the art carry out within the scope of technical solutions of the utility model and replacement all should be included in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. an energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio, comprises cylinder body (1), cylinder barrel (2), cylinder head (6), valve mechanism cover (12), connecting rod (17), crank (18), bent axle (19) and piston (3); Between described cylinder head (6) and cylinder body (1), be provided with guiding device, described guiding device comprise be fixedly mounted on cylinder head (6) bottom the right and left guide rod, be fixedly mounted on guide sleeve on cylinder body (1) and be arranged on the spring outside guide sleeve; Described guide rod and guide sleeve are used in conjunction with; It is characterized in that: described cylinder head (6) top is provided with a pressing device, and described pressing device comprises cam (13), upper runner (11), lower runner (10) and tripod (9); An end points of described tripod (9) is arranged in valve mechanism cover, and two other end points is installed respectively runner (11) and lower runner (10); Described upper runner (11) contacts with cam (13), and described lower runner (10) contacts with the top of cylinder head (6); Described cam (13) is arranged on camshaft (14); On described camshaft (14), bent axle (19), be separately installed with camshaft sprocket (24), crankshaft sprocket (20), and camshaft sprocket (24) is connected by chain (21) with crankshaft sprocket (20).
2. the energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between described camshaft sprocket (24) and crankshaft sprocket (20), be provided with arrangements for speed regulation, described arrangements for speed regulation comprise motor, concentric cylinder gear, kinematic link (23) and are arranged on the speed governing sprocket wheel (22) at kinematic link (23) two ends; Described concentric cylinder gear comprises small gear (29) and gearwheel (28); Intermediate portion at kinematic link (23) is provided with tooth, and is meshed with the small gear (29) of concentric cylinder gear; The gearwheel of described concentric cylinder gear (28) is meshed with the worm screw (27) of motor; Described speed governing sprocket wheel (22) contacts with the chain (21) that camshaft sprocket (24) is connected with crankshaft sprocket (20), makes chain (21) in tightening up state.
3. the energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: when described cylinder barrel (2) is fixedly installed togather with cylinder body (1), the intermediate portion of described cylinder head (6) bottom is provided with toroidal lug boss, and lug boss embeds in cylinder barrel (2); Between lug boss and cylinder barrel (2), be provided with seal ring (16).
4. the energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described cylinder barrel (2) is fixedly connected with cylinder head (6), and cylinder barrel (2) moves up and down together with cylinder head (6).
5. the energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described cylinder body (1) is tilting with cylinder barrel (2), make motor when entering expansion stroke, the piston (3) in cylinder body (1) and connecting rod (17) are in center line coincidence status.
6. the energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the bottom sidewall of described cylinder body (1) and cylinder barrel (2) is provided with a breach, and the position of described breach is corresponding with the movement locus of connecting rod (17).
7. the energy-saving motor with variable compression ratio according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper of described cylinder head (6) is connected by telescopic upper rubber sleeve (7) along periphery with the lower of cylinder head cover (12) along periphery, the lower of cylinder head (6) is connected by telescopic lower rubber sleeve (5) along periphery with the upper of cylinder body (1) along periphery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420111120.4U CN203822474U (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2014-03-13 | Energy-saving engine with variable compression ratio |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420111120.4U CN203822474U (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2014-03-13 | Energy-saving engine with variable compression ratio |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203822474U true CN203822474U (en) | 2014-09-10 |
Family
ID=51477986
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420111120.4U Withdrawn - After Issue CN203822474U (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2014-03-13 | Energy-saving engine with variable compression ratio |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN203822474U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103807013A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-05-21 | 范伟俊 | Energy-saving engine with variable compression ratio |
| CN105604728A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-05-25 | 吉林大学 | Motor-driven sliding block type compression ratio piston |
-
2014
- 2014-03-13 CN CN201420111120.4U patent/CN203822474U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103807013A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-05-21 | 范伟俊 | Energy-saving engine with variable compression ratio |
| CN103807013B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2016-04-06 | 范伟俊 | There is the energy-saving motor of variable compression ratio |
| CN105604728A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-05-25 | 吉林大学 | Motor-driven sliding block type compression ratio piston |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20140910 Effective date of abandoning: 20160406 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |