CN203807509U - Steel-smelting furnace - Google Patents

Steel-smelting furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203807509U
CN203807509U CN201420232391.5U CN201420232391U CN203807509U CN 203807509 U CN203807509 U CN 203807509U CN 201420232391 U CN201420232391 U CN 201420232391U CN 203807509 U CN203807509 U CN 203807509U
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steel
shaft
eccentric
cross
slag
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CN201420232391.5U
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潘宏涛
戴年建
张温永
李强
邱明罡
戈义彬
吕明
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Capital Engineering & Research Inc Ltd
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Capital Engineering & Research Inc Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model provides a steel-making furnace, including shaft (3) and eccentric stove bottom (4) in this steel-making furnace, shaft (3) are equipped with slag notch (7), and the focus of eccentric stove bottom (4) cross section is greater than the cross-sectional area of shaft (3) at the focus of the skew shaft (3) cross section of the projection of vertical direction at the focus of vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of eccentric stove bottom (4), and the bottom of eccentric stove bottom (4) is equipped with tapping hole (8). The smelting process can shorten the smelting time by 2-5 min, improve the steelmaking efficiency, realize less-slag smelting, reduce the consumption of slagging materials, reduce the consumption of deoxidizers, improve the metal yield, simultaneously avoid the slag taken away when the steel is tapped from the traditional steelmaking furnace from polluting molten steel, and meet the technical requirements of high-efficiency steelmaking.

Description

A kind of steel melting furnace
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and concrete is a kind of steel melting furnace.
Background technology
Converter steelmaking and Electric furnace steel making are topmost two kinds of method for making steel in the world at present, and wherein the ratio of converter steel accounts for more than 60%, and the ratio of electric steel accounts for 30% left and right.Steelmaking process adopts enhanced oxygen blowing technology, bottom blown gas strong mixing technology, and the rhythm that makes to blow is constantly accelerated, and has obtained good metallurgical effect.But in convertor steelmaking process, because tap hole is positioned at the top of round tube type shaft, smelt and finish rear slag and need pour out from fire door, therefore, tapping and deslagging process all need body of heater to carry out in various degree and the inclination of direction, increase energy consumption and extend smelting rhythm.When converter adopts less-slag melting technique low phosphorus steel by smelting, more than the dephosphorization end of term need to mention fire door position by oxygen rifle, the stove that falls is poured out part slag, extend smelting cycle, now, because dephosphorization slag foamed is serious, increased deslagging operation easier, and in the high phosphorus slag of pouring out, contain a large amount of iron loss, increased iron and steel stock consumption.
Traditional Electric furnace steel making power consumption and production cost are high, smelting cycle is long, in order to reduce energy consumption and production costs, Electric furnace steel making is blended into molten iron in a large number, the molten iron ratio of part electric furnace has met or exceeded 70%, substantially realized electric furnace to converterization operation, but because the freeboard of electric furnace body itself is little, oxygen supply intensity is low and slag making is comparatively difficult, therefore, in stove, molten bath velocity of flow is slow, the lack of homogeneity of molten bath composition and temperature, cause speed of reaction slow, duration of blast is long, splash is serious, recovery rate of iron is low and production cost is high, development and the popularization of Electric furnace steel making are seriously hindered.
Utility model content
In order to improve the working efficiency of existing steel melting furnace, the utility model provides a kind of steel melting furnace, this steel melting furnace is to improve the high-efficiency steel-smelting stove that steel-making is smelted rhythm, reduced production costs, can realize in the situation that of falling stove not fast slag tapping, slag free tapping and less-slag melting function, meet the technical need of high-efficiency steel-smelting.
The utility model is that the technical scheme that solves its technical problem employing is: a kind of steel melting furnace, comprise shaft and eccentric furnace bottom, shaft is provided with slag notch, the center of gravity of eccentric furnace bottom cross section departs from the center of gravity of shaft cross section in the projection of vertical direction in the projection of vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of eccentric furnace bottom is greater than the cross-sectional area of shaft, and the bottom of eccentric furnace bottom is provided with tap hole.
The liquid level of the molten metal that slag notch can be smelted higher than this steel melting furnace.
Tap hole departs from the projection of shaft cross section center of gravity at vertical direction in the projection of vertical direction, and the direction of eccentric furnace bottom cross section deviation of gravity center shaft cross section center of gravity is identical with the direction that tap hole departs from shaft cross section center of gravity.
The top of shaft is also connected with the furnace crown of cone barrel.
The top of described steel melting furnace is provided with top blow oxygen lance.
Top blow oxygen lance contains multiple jet holes, and the flow of each jet hole of top blow oxygen lance is all identical, or in top blow oxygen lance, is greater than the airshed of all the other jet holes towards the airshed of the jet hole of eccentric district one side-jetting.
The bottom of eccentric furnace bottom is provided with multiple bottom-blowing air feed elements.
The bottom blowing flow of each bottom-blowing air feed element is all identical, or the airshed that is positioned at the bottom-blowing air feed element of eccentric district one side is greater than the airshed of all the other bottom-blowing air feed elements.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: adopt that this steel melting furnace can realize that stove is slagged tap, slag free tapping and less-slag melting function, 2min-5min can shorten the heat, improve steel-making efficiency, reduce iron and steel stock and slag material consumption, reduce reductor consumption, improve recovery rate of iron, the slag of taking away can avoid traditional steel melting furnace tapping simultaneously time pollutes molten steel, is applicable to smelt high-quality steel grade.In addition, high-efficiency steel-smelting stove of the present utility model also can be used as special dephosphorization stove or vanadium extraction stove uses.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, steel melting furnace described in the utility model is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of this steel melting furnace.
Fig. 2 is the upward view of this steel melting furnace.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional cutaway view of this steel melting furnace.
Wherein 1. steel melting furnaces, 2. furnace crown, 3. shaft, 4. furnace bottom, 5. top blow oxygen lance, 6. bottom-blowing air feed element, 7. slag notch, 8. tap hole, 9. eccentric part, 10. molten metal.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, steel melting furnace described in the utility model is described in further detail.A kind of steel melting furnace, comprise shaft 3 and eccentric furnace bottom 4, shaft 3 is round shape, shaft 3 is provided with slag notch 7, the center of gravity of eccentric furnace bottom 4 cross sections departs from the center of gravity of shaft 3 cross sections in the projection of vertical direction in the projection of vertical direction, if the center of gravity of eccentric furnace bottom 4 cross sections is the center of gravity of the cam-shaped as shown in Fig. 2 in the projection of vertical direction, the center of gravity of shaft 3 cross sections is the center of circle of Fig. 2 convexity wheel shape left circles shape in the projection of vertical direction, the center of gravity of eccentric furnace bottom 4 cross sections departs from the center of gravity of shaft 3 cross sections to the right in the projection of vertical direction in the projection of vertical direction as shown in Figure 2, the cross-sectional area of eccentric furnace bottom 4 is greater than the cross-sectional area of shaft 3, the bottom of eccentric furnace bottom 4 is provided with tap hole 8, as Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
At the slag notch of shaft 3 one sides, the liquid level of the molten metal that slag notch can be smelted higher than this steel melting furnace,, in the time that described steel melting furnace contains metal liquid, slag notch 7 is higher than the liquid level of this metal liquid, and slag notch 7 places are provided with deslagging device.Can realize at the fast slag tapping of in the situation that of falling stove not, eccentric furnace bottom 4 is different from shaft (rounded section) for furnace bottom cross section, adopt non-circular arrangement mode, furnace bottom center of gravity is offset in a side (as right side in Fig. 2) direction, bias one side at furnace bottom arranges tap hole 8, can realize slag free tapping, in steelmaking process, utilize top blow oxygen lance 5 and bottom-blowing air feed element 6 to complete the top bottom blowing of steel melting furnace.Compared with traditional electric furnace, adopt furnace crown 3 and tall and thin type shaft 3, expand freeboard in stove, can improve winding-up intensity, strengthening melting bath stirring ability, improves efficiency; Compared with traditional converter, adopt this converter bottom and body to realize not stove and slag tap and slag free tapping and remaining slag operation, minimizing is tapped and deslagging process is fascinated required time of body of heater and energy consumption.
Tap hole 8 departs from the projection of shaft 3 cross section centers of gravity at vertical direction in the projection of vertical direction, and the direction of eccentric furnace bottom 4 cross section deviation of gravity center shaft 3 cross section centers of gravity is identical with the direction that tap hole 8 departs from shaft 3 cross section centers of gravity.To be eccentric furnace bottom 4 cross section centers of gravity depart from shaft 3 cross section centers of gravity in the projection of vertical direction, and to depart from shaft 3 cross section centers of gravity at the direction of the projection of vertical direction and tap hole 8 in the projection of vertical direction identical in the direction of the projection of vertical direction, as shown in Figure 2, eccentric furnace bottom 4 cross section centers of gravity are to right avertence, and tap hole 8 is also to right avertence.
The top of shaft 3 is also connected with the furnace crown 2 of cone barrel.The top of described steel melting furnace is provided with top blow oxygen lance 5.Top blow oxygen lance 5 enters in steel melting furnace through furnace crown 2.While adopting steel melting furnace of the present utility model to smelt, smelting process, by regulating the flow of top blow oxygen lance and the air supply intensity of rifle position and bottom-blowing air feed element to realize the high efficiency composition blowing of steel melting furnace, meets the requirement of terminal molten steel to composition, temperature.The air supply intensity of top blast oxygen jet is adjusted to 1.5N m 3/ min/t~4.5N m 3/ min/t, rifle position are 600mm~3000mm, and bottom blowing gas intensity is 0.03Nm 3/ min/t~0.30N m 3/ min/t.Utilize steel melting furnace of the present utility model under blow end point does not fall the condition of stove, to discharge slag, or deslagging and oxygen blast are carried out simultaneously in smelting process.
Top blow oxygen lance 5 contains multiple jet holes, the flow of each jet hole of top blow oxygen lance 5 is all identical, or in top blow oxygen lance 5, be greater than the airshed of all the other jet holes towards the airshed of the jet hole of eccentric district one side-jetting, in Fig. 2, eccentric furnace bottom 4 is divided into eccentric district one side (right side) and non-eccentricity district one side (left side) by diameter perpendicular to the shaft 3 of the line between the center of gravity of eccentric furnace bottom 4 and the center of gravity of shaft 3, and eccentric district one side also can be called eccentric part 9 (being the eccentric furnace bottom 4 on long and short dash line right side in Fig. 2).The top blow oxygen lance 5 of steel melting furnace adopts supersonic spray gun, spraying hole count is 3~6, the flow of each jet hole of spray gun can adopt the mode of uniformly distributing, or adopt the mode of non-homogeneous dispense flow rate, in the time adopting non-homogeneous dispense flow rate, the spray orifice oxygen flow of eccentric district one side is slightly larger than other holes, strengthens molten bath, eccentric district, realizes the object of even molten steel component and temperature.
The bottom of eccentric furnace bottom 4 is provided with multiple bottom-blowing air feed elements 6.The bottom blowing flow of each bottom-blowing air feed element 6 is all identical, or the airshed that is positioned at the bottom-blowing air feed element 6 of eccentric district one side is greater than the airshed of all the other bottom-blowing air feed elements 6.The bottom-blowing air feed element 6 of steel melting furnace adopts circular seam type or microporous, bottom-blowing air feed element has 3~20, be distributed on the position of 0.3~0.7 times of diameter of furnace bottom circumference, bottom blowing flow can adopt the mode of uniformly distributing, also can adopt non-homogeneous dispense flow rate, in the time adopting non-homogeneous dispense flow rate, the bottom blowing flow of eccentric district one side is slightly larger than other bottom blowing element, avoids the poor molten bath composition causing of eccentric district melting bath stirring power and non-uniform temperature phenomenon.
More than the deslagging device of steel melting furnace one side is positioned at the liquid level of molten metal 10, slag steel detector is installed in tapping process, the effect of slag steel detector is in tapping process, detects in slag whether bring a large amount of iron into, because in the tapping process prometaphase, pour out whole are slags, in the moment of slagging tap and closing to an end, there is a large amount of iron to exist if detect in slag, represent to slag tap complete, close immediately deslagging device, prevent the loss of metallic iron.After waiting to slag tap, close immediately.Steel melting furnace tap hole is positioned at furnace bottom eccentric region, avoids top-blown spray gun and the erosion of bottom blowing element air feed process to tap hole, and tap hole diameter is 80mm~260mm, be beneficial to realization fall stove tap fast without slag.Adopt that this steel melting furnace and smelting technology can realize that stove is slagged tap, slag free tapping and less-slag melting function, the 2min~5min that shortens the heat, reduces iron and steel stock and slag making materials consumption, improves recovery rate of iron.Bias one side at furnace bottom arranges tap hole, avoid top blast oxygen jet and molten bath the washing away tap hole of flowing, smelting finish rear first by deslagging device the in the situation that of falling stove, is not discharged slag, the tap hole that recycles eccentric furnace bottom is realized slag free tapping, and the utility model is applicable to a slagging process or twice slagging process smelted high-quality Low-phosphorus Steel.
Smelting technology described in the utility model, can adopt a slagging process or twice slagging process to smelt, one time slagging process is conducive to realize slag free tapping, twice slagging process is specially adapted to smelt the low-phosphorous steel grade of high-quality, solved traditional converter double slag process and smelted the large and time-consuming problem of dephosphorization end of term deslagging difficulty, iron loss.This smelting technology adopts above-mentioned steel melting furnace.Below with slagging process of case introduction and twice slagging process.
One, 100t high-efficiency steel-smelting stove smelting technology (twice slagging process), top blow oxygen lance is four hole supersonic spray guns, top blast oxygen supply intensity is 3.3Nm 3/ min/t, totally 6 of bottom-blowing air feed elements, air supply intensity is 0.06Nm 3/ min/t, this smelting technology comprises the following steps:
Step 1, blowing first stage: be blended into after molten iron and steel scrap, starting oxygen blast smelts, add slag making materials simultaneously, in the time that duration of blast is 5-6min, complete first stage dephosphorization and intensification task, stop oxygen blast, oxygen rifle is mentioned to fire door position, after finishing blowing, open slag notch 7 and discharge the high phosphorus slag of 50%-60% in the situation that of falling stove not, close slag notch 7; Make the foamy slag of good fluidity by oxygen blast, complete first stage dephosphorization and intensification task, after finishing blowing, open slag notch 7 discharge section high phosphorus slags in the situation that of falling stove not, close deslagging device and enter blowing subordinate phase.
Step 2, blowing subordinate phase: add second batch slag making materials oxygen decarburization, intensification, in the time that composition and temperature meet the smelting requirements of steel grade, stop oxygen blast; Continue oxygen blast and rejoin slag making materials, blowing slag making completes the smelting such as decarburization and intensification task.
Step 3, tapping stage: open tap hole 8 and tap, realize slag free tapping.
After step 4, tapping, close tap hole 8, high alkalinity, the low-melting-point slag of blowing subordinate phase are stayed in stove and used as the dephosphorized slag of next stove blowing first stage; Be after finishing blowing, to open tap hole 8 to realize tapping fast, after tapping, blowing subordinate phase phosphorus content decarbonized slag low, that basicity is high is continued to stay in steel melting furnace, realize remaining slag operation, for next stove initial smelting period slag making dephosphorization, reduce slag making materials consumption and metal loss, realize less-slag melting.
100t steel melting furnace adopts less-slag melting technique of the present utility model, can shorten smelting cycle 4min, and ton steel reduces metal charge and consumes 2kg, reduces lime consumption 10kg, reduces slag amount 25kg.
Two, 150t high-efficiency steel-smelting stove smelting technology (slagging process), 150t steel melting furnace adopts a slag making smelting technology, and top blow oxygen lance is five hole supersonic spray guns, and top blast oxygen supply intensity is 3.6Nm 3/ min/t, totally 8 of bottom-blowing air feed elements, air supply intensity is 0.08Nm 3/ min/t.This smelting technology comprises the following steps:
Step 1, blowing stage: be blended into after molten iron and steel scrap, start oxygen blast and smelt, in the time that molten steel composition and temperature meet the smelting requirements of steel grade, stop oxygen blast; The object that realizes the oxidation of steel-smelting furnace element, Impurity removal and intensification by oxygen blast, meets the requirement of terminal molten steel to composition, temperature.
Step 2, slag tap the stage: after finishing blowing, discharge slag by opening slag notch 7 in the situation that of falling stove not, then close slag notch 7; Be after finishing blowing by deslagging device 7 the in the situation that of falling stove, is not discharged whole slags.
Step 3, tapping stage: open tap hole 8, realize slag free tapping, after tapping, close tap hole and enter next stove and smelt, after slagging tap by steel melting furnace to eccentric lopsidedness, realize slag free tapping by the tap hole 8 that is positioned at eccentric furnace bottom.
150t steel melting furnace adopts a slagging process of the present utility model, can shorten smelting cycle 2min, and ton steel can reduce iron and steel stock and consume 1kg, reduces reductor consumption, improves recovery rate of iron.
Three, 300t high-efficiency steel-smelting stove smelting technology (slagging process), 300t steel melting furnace can be used as dephosphorization steel melting furnace, and top blow oxygen lance is six hole supersonic spray guns, and top blast oxygen supply intensity is 1.8Nm 3/ min/t, totally 16 of bottom-blowing air feed elements, air supply intensity is 0.20Nm 3/ min/t.This smelting technology comprises the following steps:
Step 1, blowing stage: be blended into after molten iron and steel scrap, start oxygen blast and smelt, add first slag making materials simultaneously, after first slag charge Completion is good, add second batch slag making materials, in the time that phosphorus content is less than 0.03%, when temperature is about 1360 DEG C, stop oxygen blast;
Step 2, slag tap the stage: open slag notch 7 and discharge whole dephosphorization slags in the situation that of falling stove not, then close slag notch 7;
Step 3, tapping stage: open tap hole 8, realize slag free tapping, after tapping, close tap hole and enter next stove smelting.
Adopt 300t steel melting furnace of the present utility model as dephosphorization stove, can shorten smelting cycle 2min, ton steel can reduce iron and steel stock and consume 1kg.
The above; be only specific embodiment of the utility model, can not limit the scope that utility model is implemented with it, so the displacement of its equivalent assemblies; or equivalent variations and the modification done according to the utility model scope of patent protection, all should still belong to the category that this patent is contained.In addition, between technical characterictic and technical characterictic in the utility model, between technical characterictic and technical scheme, all can use by independent assortment between technical scheme and technical scheme, the content after combination still belongs to this patent and records.

Claims (8)

1. a steel melting furnace, it is characterized in that, described steel melting furnace comprises shaft (3) and eccentric furnace bottom (4), shaft (3) is provided with slag notch (7), the center of gravity of eccentric furnace bottom (4) cross section departs from the center of gravity of shaft (3) cross section in the projection of vertical direction in the projection of vertical direction, the cross-sectional area of eccentric furnace bottom (4) is greater than the cross-sectional area of shaft (3), and the bottom of eccentric furnace bottom (4) is provided with tap hole (8).
2. steel melting furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the liquid level of the molten metal that slag notch (7) can be smelted higher than this steel melting furnace.
3. steel melting furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: tap hole (8) departs from the projection of shaft (3) cross section center of gravity at vertical direction in the projection of vertical direction, the direction of eccentric furnace bottom (4) cross section deviation of gravity center shaft (3) cross section center of gravity is identical with the direction that tap hole (8) departs from shaft (3) cross section center of gravity.
4. steel melting furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the top of shaft (3) is also connected with the furnace crown (2) of cone barrel.
5. steel melting furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the top of described steel melting furnace is provided with top blow oxygen lance (5).
6. steel melting furnace according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: top blow oxygen lance (5) contains multiple jet holes, the flow of each jet hole of top blow oxygen lance (5) is all identical, or in top blow oxygen lance (5), is greater than the airshed of all the other jet holes towards the airshed of the jet hole of eccentric district one side-jetting.
7. steel melting furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom of eccentric furnace bottom (4) is provided with multiple bottom-blowing air feed elements (6).
8. steel melting furnace according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the bottom blowing flow of each bottom-blowing air feed element (6) is all identical, or the airshed that is positioned at the bottom-blowing air feed element (6) of eccentric district one side is greater than the airshed of all the other bottom-blowing air feed elements (6).
CN201420232391.5U 2014-05-07 2014-05-07 Steel-smelting furnace Expired - Lifetime CN203807509U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103952510A (en) * 2014-05-07 2014-07-30 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Steel-making furnace and smelting process

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103952510A (en) * 2014-05-07 2014-07-30 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Steel-making furnace and smelting process

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