CN203798963U - Fault locating system of power distribution network - Google Patents
Fault locating system of power distribution network Download PDFInfo
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- CN203798963U CN203798963U CN201420140406.5U CN201420140406U CN203798963U CN 203798963 U CN203798963 U CN 203798963U CN 201420140406 U CN201420140406 U CN 201420140406U CN 203798963 U CN203798963 U CN 203798963U
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- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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- Locating Faults (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a fault locating system of a power distribution network. The fault locating system comprises a substation terminal, multiple line terminals and a main station, wherein the substation terminal is mounted on a bus, and used for detecting transient zero-sequence voltage, determining transient zero-sequence voltage direction and transmitting detection results to the main station; the multiple line terminals are respectively mounted on different branches of the power distribution network, and used for detecting transient zero-sequence current, determining transient zero-sequence current direction and transmitting detection results to the main station; the main station compares the received transient zero-sequence voltage direction with the received transient zero-sequence current direction to determine a line section with earth fault; and the substation terminal and the line terminals are wirelessly communicated with the main station. The fault locating system is high in the determining accuracy of fault location, and suitable for power distribution networks in different neutral-point grounding manners; the line terminals on different branches are easy and convenient to install; and it is only required to mount one zero-sequence mutual inductor and one communication device, and the power-off time is short.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to fault detection technique field power ground, be specifically related to a kind of based on residual voltage and the prominent nyctitropic Distribution Fault Location System of zero-sequence current, be applicable to 3～60kV neutral non-effective grounding electrical network, can, when singlephase earth fault occurs, carry out the accurate location of earth fault.
Background technology
China 3～60kV power distribution network extensively adopts neutral non-effective grounding mode, is divided into again isolated neutral and neutral by arc extinction coil grounding system, and the fault overwhelming majority of system with non-effectively earthed neutral is singlephase earth fault.While there is singlephase earth fault, ground current is very little, can under failure condition, continue operation 1～2 hour, but must find as early as possible trouble spot, in case charged power supply causes larger fault and destruction.
The online orientation problem of earth fault is not well solved for a long time, and artificial line walking has not only expended a large amount of manpower and materials, and has extended power off time, affects power supply safety.In earth fault line selection and location technology, conventional technological means has colony amplitude comparison phase comparing method at present, harmonic analysis method, Wavelet Transform, head does the methods such as ripple method, and the whole bag of tricks has its relative merits, complicacy due to distribution network branched line, said method all can not be grounded the entirely accurate judgement of fault, and the method equipment having is complicated, expensive, can not in the branch of distribution line, install comprehensively.Therefore on-the-spot in the urgent need to practical, online locating device accurately, improve reliability and the economy of power distribution network power supply.
For system with non-effectively earthed neutral, because single-phase-to-ground current is much smaller than load current, therefore positive and negative order steady-state current is all unavailable, only has zero-sequence current can be used for carrying out localization of fault.For isolated neutral system, stable status zero-sequence current amplitude and phase difference before and after trouble spot are obvious, can carry out localization of fault according to stable status zero-sequence current.But for neutral by arc extinction coil grounding system, due to the compensating action of arc suppression coil, stable status zero-sequence current amplitude and phase place before and after trouble spot almost do not have difference, cannot carry out localization of fault.
Transient zero-sequence current and transient state residual voltage after occurring according to fault carry out the calculating at phasing degree, then according to the hysteresis at faulty line and non-fault line phasing degree with can determine faulty line in advance.But this method needs each terminal device to gather zero-sequence current and two parameters of zero-sequence current simultaneously.For distribution line, the acquisition of residual voltage parameter need to be installed zero-sequence transformer, and distribution line branch is numerous, zero sequential potential transformer is all installed very difficult at each fault detecting point place, and cost is also very high, is not easy to the operation maintenance of circuit.Therefore on-the-spot in the urgent need to simple and easy, practical, online locating device accurately, improve reliability and economy that power distribution network is powered.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is exactly in order to address the above problem, a kind of Distribution Fault Location System has been proposed, the sudden change direction of this system based on residual voltage and zero-sequence current, the localization of faults quickly and accurately of this locating device, and be applicable to metallic earthing, through arcing ground, through various faults situations such as transition resistance eutral groundings.
To achieve these goals, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:
A Distribution Fault Location System, is characterized in that, comprising:
Transformer station's terminal: be arranged on bus, for realizing the detection of transient state residual voltage and the judgement of transient state residual voltage direction, and testing result is sent to line terminal everywhere.
Some line terminals: be arranged on each branched line of power distribution network, for realizing the detection of transient zero-sequence current and the judgement of transient zero-sequence current direction, and judge according to the transient state residual voltage direction receiving and the direction of the transient zero-sequence current detecting whether it is on faulty line, and testing result is sent to main website.
Main website: for by the judged result of receiving lines terminal, determine the position of earth fault branched line.
Transformer station's terminal and line terminal radio communication, described transformer station terminal and line terminal respectively with main website radio communication.
Described transformer station terminal comprises: small voltage mutual inductor, ratio totalizer and CPU are connected in series successively, and CPU is also connected respectively with power supply unit with mobile communication module, GPS module.
Described line terminal comprises: small current mutual inductor, ratio totalizer and CPU are connected in series successively, and CPU is also connected respectively with power supply unit with mobile communication module, GPS module.
Described ratio totalizer comprises: No. 3 pins that access operational amplifier OP07 after small voltage mutual inductor secondary side winding resistance in series R2, ground connection after No. 2 pin resistance in series R1 of operational amplifier OP07, No. 4 pins of operational amplifier OP07 connect respectively positive-negative power with No. 6 pins, No. 5 pins are connected with the I/O interface of CPU, and No. 2 pins and No. 5 pins of operational amplifier OP07 are received respectively at the two ends of resistance R _ f.
No. 3 pins, the other end that one end of resistance R 3 is connected to operational amplifier OP07 are connected respectively with No. 2 pins for No. 1 with reference voltage source AD584's, No. 8 pins of reference voltage source AD584 connect power supply, No. 4 pin ground connection, No. 3 of reference voltage source AD584 and No. 5 pins are unsettled, connect capacitor C between No. 6 and No. 7 pins.
The localization method of Distribution Fault Location System, comprising:
(1) transformer station's terminal detects transformer station's outlet line top voltage transformer pt secondary side residual voltage value in real time.
(2) line terminal is detected the zero-sequence current value of zero sequence current mutual inductor on each branched line in real time.
(3) detected voltage transformer pt secondary side residual voltage value surpasses after default startup value, and transformer station's terminal records the transient state residual voltage value in setting-up time.
(4) detected Current Transmit secondary side zero-sequence current value surpasses after default startup value, and the transient zero-sequence current value in setting-up time is recorded in line terminal.
(5) transformer station's terminal is by the summation that adds up of the transient state residual voltage data in setting-up time, if cumulative sum is more than or equal to 0, mark transient state residual voltage direction is 1; If cumulative sum is less than 0, mark transient state residual voltage direction is 0; And residual voltage direction is transferred to line terminal everywhere.
(6) line terminal is by the summation that adds up of the transient zero-sequence current data in setting-up time, if cumulative sum is more than or equal to 0, mark zero-sequence current direction is 1; If cumulative sum is less than 0, mark zero-sequence current direction is 0.
(7) each line terminal judges whether to be positioned on failure path according to the direction of transient zero-sequence current, transient state residual voltage, if transient state residual voltage is different from transient zero-sequence current direction, and on failure path, if identical, not on failure path; And judged result remote transmission is arrived to main website, by main website, determine fault section.
(8) described main website receives transient zero-sequence current and the transient state residual voltage directional data of each line terminal, detects successively transient zero-sequence current and the transient state residual voltage direction of each line terminal along distribution line topological diagram:
If the transient zero-sequence current of line terminal is identical with transient state residual voltage direction, judge that this line terminal is positioned on non-fault line; If the transient zero-sequence current of n line terminal and transient state residual voltage opposite direction, continue to detect, until it is identical with transient state residual voltage direction the transient zero-sequence current of m line terminal to be detected, judge that n line terminal is fault section to m line terminal.
Main website carries out differential staining according to testing result to distribution line topological diagram, red to fault zone mark, accurately distinguishes He Fei fault zone, fault zone.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
1. adopt based on transient state residual voltage and the prominent online positioning system of nyctitropic earth fault of transient zero-sequence current, localization of fault judgment accuracy is high, is applicable to the distribution network of different grounding modes.
2. transient state residual voltage and transient zero-sequence current direction adopt simple cumulative sum to calculate, and computing method are simple, need not carry out complicated phasor calculation and try to achieve phasing degree.
3. whole system only need to be installed a set of transformer station terminal and just can be realized the calculating of residual voltage direction, has greatly reduced the difficulty of cost and installation, operation maintenance.
4. system adopts moment that residual voltage and zero-sequence current undergo mutation as the starting point of direction calculating data, when noting be used in like this circuit and normally moving, also carries out the detection of voltage and current parameter, greatly reduces the power consumption of terminal checkout equipment.
5. failure message and fault section are painted can show in main website, without manually along line inspection.
6. by the difference of each line terminal place's residual voltage and zero-sequence current direction relatively, judge whether to be positioned on failure path, and by judged result remote transmission to main website, finally by main website, determine fault section.The calculating of fault judgement has been dispersed in to main website and two equipment execution of terminal, has greatly reduced the workload of main website, there is stronger practical application effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the utility model Distribution Fault Location System structural representation;
Tu2Shi transformer station terminal schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is line terminal schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1. transformer station's terminal, 2. line terminal, 3. main website.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the utility model is described further:
A kind of new Distribution Fault Location System and the method that the utility model proposes, its principle is when circuit generation singlephase earth fault, the transient zero-sequence current of faulty line is contrary with transient state residual voltage polarity, and hysteresis residual voltage 90 degree; And non-fault line transient zero-sequence current is identical with transient state residual voltage polarity, and leading residual voltage 90 degree.
The result of calculation of transformer station's terminal 1 is transferred to each line terminal 2, and each line terminal 2 has just obtained the directional data 0 or 1 of transient zero-sequence current and transient state residual voltage simultaneously like this, this directional data and residual voltage, and the polarity of electric current is corresponding.Each line terminal 2 judges according to the directional data of residual voltage, zero-sequence current whether line terminal 2 is positioned on failure path, and judged result remote transmission is arrived to main website 3.Finally by main website 3, determine fault section.
As shown in Figure 1, Distribution Fault Location System is comprised of main website 3, transformer station's terminal 1, line terminal 2.
The detection of transient zero-sequence current and the judgement of transient zero-sequence current direction are realized in line terminal 2.
When circuit normally moves, due to the over-compensation effect of arc suppression coil, non-zero-sequence current or only have very little zero-sequence current to flow through in circuit is very little without residual voltage or residual voltage in corresponding circuit.
When earth fault occurs, before arc suppression coil does not drop into, in circuit, zero-sequence current and the residual voltage that unexpected change is large will be detected, residual voltage and zero-sequence current comparator circuit detect this sudden change and using now as the starting point of parameter sampling, from now starting to detect transient state residual voltage and the transient zero-sequence current data of 1 semiperiod, carry out the calculating of residual voltage and zero-sequence current direction, and the direction calculating is represented with state 1 or 0, direction state is received to each line terminal 2 by wireless GPRS remote transmission simultaneously.Line terminal 2 contrasts the transient state residual voltage receiving and transient zero-sequence current direction, the line terminal 2 that all zero-sequence current directions are identical with residual voltage direction is all positioned at non-fault line, each line terminal is according to residual voltage like this, the direction of zero-sequence current judges whether to be positioned on failure path, and judged result remote transmission is arrived to main website 3, finally by main website 3, according to the similarities and differences of each terminal transient state residual voltage and direction of current on faulty line, determine fault section, along faulty line topological diagram, the transient state residual voltage and the zero-sequence current opposite direction that when first line terminal, detect, if the transient state residual voltage of second terminal and zero-sequence current direction are also contrary, continue to find, until the transient state residual voltage that on this faulty line, n terminal detects is identical with zero-sequence current direction, now first terminal is fault section to n terminal, the transient state residual voltage detecting when first line terminal is identical with zero-sequence current direction, if the transient state residual voltage of second terminal and zero-sequence current direction are also identical, first terminal to the second terminal is non-fault section, if the transient state residual voltage of second terminal and zero-sequence current opposite direction, first terminal to the second terminal is fault section.Main website carries out differential staining according to the distribution line figure of storage, red to fault zone mark, accurately distinguishes He Fei fault zone, fault zone.
Before earth fault occurs, due to the compensating action of arc suppression coil, residual voltage and zero-sequence current amplitude are very little, residual voltage, current waveform same-phase.When there is earth fault, the zero-sequence current of non-fault line and residual voltage same-phase, leading 90 degree, the zero-sequence current of faulty line and residual voltage antiphase, quadrature lagging.The simplification after filtering is processed of the transient state residual voltage detecting and transient zero-sequence current thinks that it is sinusoidal wave.
When the limit value that residual voltage or zero-sequence current amplitude (absolute value) surpass to set being detected, now as the starting point of data recording, get after front 10 sampled datas of starting point and starting point the summation that adds up of 20 sampled datas, eliminate the error that sampling is inaccurate caused.
For faulty line, its residual voltage cumulative sum is greater than zero, and mark transient state residual voltage direction is 1, and its zero-sequence current cumulative sum is less than zero, and marking its transient zero-sequence current direction is 0, shows that residual voltage is contrary with zero-sequence current polarity; And for non-fault line, its transient zero-sequence current cumulative sum is less than zero, be labeled as 0, transient state residual voltage cumulative sum is less than zero, is labeled as 0, shows that the polarity of residual voltage and zero-sequence current is identical.So, can calculate by this simple cumulative sum, distinguish faulty line and non-fault line.
Transformer station of the present utility model terminal 1 is arranged on bus, be used for measuring residual voltage signal, the GPS module of transformer station's terminal 1 target when obtaining is sent pps pulse per second signal simultaneously, at each whole second time trigger A/D, residual voltage signal is sampled, CPU adopts fft algorithm to calculate sampled value, obtain the amplitude of residual voltage signal, then utilize mobile communication that the amplitude of residual voltage and corresponding time scale information are sent to each line terminal 2.
Line terminal 2 of the present utility model is arranged on branch node, be used for measuring zero sequence current signal, the GPS module of line terminal 2 target when obtaining is sent pps pulse per second signal simultaneously, at each whole second time trigger A/D, the electric current of zero sequence signal is sampled, CPU adopts fft algorithm to calculate sampled value, obtains the amplitude of zero sequence current signal.
Each line terminal 2 judges whether to be positioned on failure path according to the direction of residual voltage, zero-sequence current, and judged result remote transmission, to main website, is finally determined to the section of earth fault by main website.
Transformer station's terminal 1 schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2, is comprised of small voltage mutual inductor, ratio totalizer, CPU, mobile communication module, GPS module.Small voltage mutual inductor connects the secondary side open delta winding of transformer station's zero sequential potential transformer, the voltage transformation of the interchange of transformer substation voltage mutual inductor PT output 0 to 100V is arrived to 5V signal for exchanging 0, exchange 0 to 5V signal and be input in input operational amplifier OP07, OP07, reference voltage source AD584 and resistance R 1, R2, Rf composition totalizer.Input operational amplifier OP07 exports on the P1.0 pin of the 8051F120 that receives CPU, and 8051F120 contains inside as the ADC converter of A/D modular converter and additional reference voltage source.8051F120 by the P4.0-P4.7 in these two I/O mouths of P4 and P5 and P5.0-P5.6 contact respectively with 15 contacts of the Sub HD Pin15 port of mobile communication module M1206 corresponding being connected one by one, be used for driving mobile communication module M1206, the residual voltage amplitude of collection, phase data are transferred to everywhere in line terminal 2 by mobile communication module M1206.8051F120 is corresponding connected with port TXA, RXA, RXB, the 1PPS of the GPS module M-87 of GPS module by P6.1, P6.2, P6.3, P6.4, for receiving pulse per second (PPS) and standard time clock data; Power supply unit is for exchanging civil power 220 to be converted to the required low-voltage dc power supply of other parts of device.
Line terminal 2 schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3, are comprised of small current mutual inductor, ratio totalizer, CPU, mobile communication module, GPS module.The small current mutual inductor resistance R z in parallel with secondary side formed current/voltage converter jointly, for the electric current in measuring circuit.The secondary side output current of the zero sequence current mutual inductor in line side is received the primary side of small current mutual inductor, and current/voltage converter output AC 0 is to 5V signal.Exchange 0 to 5V signal and be input in input operational amplifier OP07, OP07, reference voltage source AD584 and resistance R 1, R2, Rf composition totalizer.Input operational amplifier OP07 exports on the P1.0 pin of the 8051F120 that receives CPU, and 8051F120 contains inside as the ADC of A/D module and additional reference voltage source.8051F120 by the P4.0-P4.7 in these two I/O mouths of P4 and P5 and P5.0-P5.6 contact respectively with 15 contacts of the Sub HD Pin15 port of mobile communication module M1206 corresponding being connected one by one, be used for driving mobile communication module M1206, the current signal amplitude phase data of collection is transferred in main website by mobile communication module M1206.8051F120 is corresponding connected with port TXA, RXA, RXB, the 1PPS of the GPS module M-87 of GPS module by P6.1, P6.2, P6.3, P6.4, for receiving pulse per second (PPS) and standard time clock data.Power supply unit is for exchanging civil power 220 to be converted to the required low-voltage dc power supply of other parts of device.
Although above-mentioned, by reference to the accompanying drawings embodiment of the present utility model is described; but the not restriction to the utility model protection domain; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of the technical solution of the utility model, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (4)
1. a Distribution Fault Location System, is characterized in that, comprising:
Transformer station's terminal: be arranged on bus, for realizing the detection of transient state residual voltage and the judgement of transient state residual voltage direction, and testing result is sent to line terminal everywhere;
Some line terminals: be arranged on each branched line of power distribution network, for realizing the detection of transient zero-sequence current and the judgement of transient zero-sequence current direction, and judge according to the transient state residual voltage direction receiving and the direction of the transient zero-sequence current detecting whether it is on faulty line, and testing result is sent to main website;
Main website: for the judged result of receiving lines terminal, determine earth fault line section, and faulty line and non-fault line are distinguished;
Transformer station's terminal and line terminal radio communication, described transformer station terminal and line terminal respectively with main website radio communication.
2. a kind of Distribution Fault Location System as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transformer station terminal comprises: small voltage mutual inductor, ratio totalizer and CPU are connected in series successively, and CPU is also connected respectively with power supply unit with mobile communication module, GPS module.
3. a kind of Distribution Fault Location System as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described line terminal comprises: small current mutual inductor, ratio totalizer and CPU are connected in series successively, and CPU is also connected respectively with power supply unit with mobile communication module, GPS module.
4. a kind of Distribution Fault Location System as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that, described ratio totalizer comprises: No. 3 pins that access operational amplifier OP07 after small voltage mutual inductor secondary side winding resistance in series R2, ground connection after No. 2 pin resistance in series R1 of operational amplifier OP07, No. 4 pins of operational amplifier OP07 connect respectively positive-negative power with No. 6 pins, No. 5 pins are connected with the I/O interface of CPU, and No. 2 pins and No. 5 pins of operational amplifier OP07 are received respectively at the two ends of resistance R _ f;
No. 3 pins, the other end that one end of resistance R 3 is connected to operational amplifier OP07 are connected respectively with No. 2 pins for No. 1 with reference voltage source AD584's, No. 8 pins of reference voltage source AD584 connect power supply, No. 4 pin ground connection, No. 3 of reference voltage source AD584 and No. 5 pins are unsettled, connect capacitor C between No. 6 and No. 7 pins.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201420140406.5U CN203798963U (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2014-03-26 | Fault locating system of power distribution network |
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| CN201420140406.5U CN203798963U (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2014-03-26 | Fault locating system of power distribution network |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103837801A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-06-04 | 国家电网公司 | Power distribution network fault locating system and method |
| CN105759105A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-13 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Transient voltage monitoring device and method for direct-current field of high-voltage convertor station |
| CN106771855A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 国网河南省电力公司安阳供电公司 | A kind of electrified locating device for single-phase earth fault of electric distribution network based on smart machine |
| CN108205090A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-26 | 山东鲁能智能技术有限公司 | A kind of configurable module substation load branch detection method and device |
-
2014
- 2014-03-26 CN CN201420140406.5U patent/CN203798963U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103837801A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-06-04 | 国家电网公司 | Power distribution network fault locating system and method |
| CN105759105A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-13 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Transient voltage monitoring device and method for direct-current field of high-voltage convertor station |
| CN106771855A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 国网河南省电力公司安阳供电公司 | A kind of electrified locating device for single-phase earth fault of electric distribution network based on smart machine |
| CN108205090A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-26 | 山东鲁能智能技术有限公司 | A kind of configurable module substation load branch detection method and device |
| CN108205090B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-07-03 | 国网智能科技股份有限公司 | Configurable module transformer substation load branch detection method and device |
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Granted publication date: 20140827 |