CN203759281U - High dynamic range wireless intelligent pluviometer - Google Patents

High dynamic range wireless intelligent pluviometer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203759281U
CN203759281U CN201420137948.7U CN201420137948U CN203759281U CN 203759281 U CN203759281 U CN 203759281U CN 201420137948 U CN201420137948 U CN 201420137948U CN 203759281 U CN203759281 U CN 203759281U
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rain
rainfall
dynamic range
high dynamic
wireless intelligent
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潘冬宁
武斌
王新全
于军
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Qingdao Zhongke Zhifu Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
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Qingdao Academy for Opto-Electronics Engineering
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种高动态范围无线智能雨量计,由电源装置、翻斗式雨量传感器、称重式雨量传感器和双通道无线智能雨量控制器组成;两种雨量传感器分别通过数据线与双通道无线智能雨量控制器相连;电源装置包括太阳能电池板和与与双通道无线智能雨量控制器相连的充电线。本实用新型采用两种雨量传感器,可根据降雨量的大小自动切换传感器,增加了测量准确度和降雨量采集的动态范围;雨量计各个部件都设有状态检测,可实时监控其是否工作正常,保证测量的可靠性且易于及时定位排除故障;采用无线通信传输降雨量数据,具有低功耗,易施工,易扩展的特点;以锂电池供电,同时配备太阳能电池板充电,可实现长期无人值守。

The utility model discloses a wireless intelligent rain gauge with a high dynamic range, which is composed of a power supply device, a tipping bucket rain sensor, a weighing rain sensor and a dual-channel wireless intelligent rain gauge controller; The wireless intelligent rainfall controller is connected; the power supply unit includes a solar panel and a charging line connected with the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller. The utility model adopts two kinds of rainfall sensors, which can automatically switch sensors according to the amount of rainfall, which increases the measurement accuracy and the dynamic range of rainfall collection; each component of the rain gauge is equipped with state detection, which can monitor in real time whether it is working normally, Guarantee the reliability of measurement and easy to locate and troubleshoot in time; adopt wireless communication to transmit rainfall data, which has the characteristics of low power consumption, easy construction and easy expansion; powered by lithium battery, and equipped with solar panel charging at the same time, it can realize long-term unmanned on duty.

Description

一种高动态范围无线智能雨量计A high dynamic range wireless smart rain gauge

技术领域technical field

本实用新型涉及一种雨量计,具体涉及一种高动态范围无线智能雨量计,属于气象观测领域。The utility model relates to a rain gauge, in particular to a wireless intelligent rain gauge with a high dynamic range, which belongs to the field of meteorological observation.

背景技术Background technique

目前,各自动气象站采用的雨量计主要是单一的翻斗式雨量计,翻斗式雨量计的容量很小,一般允许的最大降雨强度为4mm/min,所以翻斗雨量计不适合计量强降雨过程;并且强降雨的水流势能很大,极容易将翻斗式雨量计的翻斗打翻,使其在未注满水时提前翻转,因此造成较大的测量误差。目前的雨量计,其本身的各个部件不具备状态监控和数据质量控制的能力,不能检测雨量计的各个部件是否工作正常,也就不能保证雨量计的可靠性和准确性。另外,虽然雨量计的通信方式可以是各式各样的,但现有的雨量计一般采用有线的方式传输降雨量数据,布线复杂,不易扩展。At present, the rain gauges used by automatic weather stations are mainly single tipping bucket rain gauges. The capacity of the tipping bucket rain gauge is very small, and the maximum allowable rainfall intensity is generally 4mm/min, so the tipping bucket rain gauge is not suitable for measuring heavy rainfall. Moreover, the potential energy of the water flow of heavy rainfall is very large, and it is very easy to overturn the tipping bucket of the tipping bucket rain gauge, causing it to turn over in advance when it is not filled with water, thus causing a large measurement error. The current rain gauge does not have the ability of status monitoring and data quality control for its various components, and cannot detect whether the various components of the rain gauge are working normally, so the reliability and accuracy of the rain gauge cannot be guaranteed. In addition, although the communication methods of rain gauges can be various, the existing rain gauges generally use wired methods to transmit rainfall data, and the wiring is complicated and difficult to expand.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了克服现有自动气象计量降雨量技术存在的不足,本实用新型的目的在于提供一种高动态范围无线智能雨量计,可根据降雨强度自动切换到不同量程的传感器,从而避免造成测量误差;智能雨量计具备对各部件的进行状态监控的能力,可通过无线通信方式将状态及数据信息实时的发送到主机端,保证雨量计的可靠性和准确性。In order to overcome the deficiencies in the existing automatic meteorological rainfall measurement technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a high dynamic range wireless intelligent rain gauge, which can automatically switch to sensors with different ranges according to the rainfall intensity, thereby avoiding measurement errors; intelligent The rain gauge has the ability to monitor the status of each component, and can send the status and data information to the host in real time through wireless communication to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the rain gauge.

基于上述见解,本实用新型是这样实现的:Based on above-mentioned opinion, the utility model is achieved in that:

一种高动态范围无线智能雨量计,由电源装置、翻斗式雨量传感器、称重式雨量传感器和双通道无线智能雨量控制器组成,其特征在于,所述的翻斗式雨量传感器位于翻斗雨量筒中,通过翻斗式雨量传感器数据线与双通道无线智能雨量控制器连接,翻斗雨量筒固定于翻斗雨量计支架上;所述称重式雨量传感器位于称重雨量筒中,通过称重式雨量传感器数据线与双通道无线智能雨量控制器连接,称重雨量筒固定于称重雨量计支架上;所述的双通道无线智能雨量控制器与电源装置相连。A high dynamic range wireless intelligent rain gauge is composed of a power supply unit, a tipping bucket rain sensor, a weighing type rain sensor and a dual-channel wireless intelligent rain gauge controller, characterized in that the tipping bucket rain sensor is located in the tipping bucket rain gauge, The tipping bucket rain sensor data line is connected to the dual-channel wireless intelligent rain gauge controller, and the tipping bucket rain gauge is fixed on the tipping bucket rain gauge bracket; The dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller is connected, and the weighing rain gauge cylinder is fixed on the weighing rain gauge bracket; the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller is connected with the power supply device.

上述的电源装置由充电线和太阳能电池板组成,太阳能电池板通过充电线与双通道无线智能雨量控制器相连。The above-mentioned power supply device is composed of a charging line and a solar panel, and the solar panel is connected to the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller through the charging line.

上述的双通道无线智能雨量控制器由信号转换接口、微处理器单元、Zigbee无线通信单元和电源管理单元组成。The above-mentioned dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller is composed of a signal conversion interface, a microprocessor unit, a Zigbee wireless communication unit and a power management unit.

上述的信号转换接口由位于其内部的光耦隔离器、滤波器、电压偏置器和脉冲整形器组成。The above-mentioned signal conversion interface is composed of an optocoupler isolator, a filter, a voltage biaser and a pulse shaper inside it.

上述的Zigbee无线通信单元由微处理器接口、Zigbee内核和天线组成。The above-mentioned Zigbee wireless communication unit is composed of a microprocessor interface, a Zigbee core and an antenna.

上述的电源管理单元由锂电池、充放电保护装置、AC/DC模块和DC/DC模块组成。The aforementioned power management unit is composed of a lithium battery, a charging and discharging protection device, an AC/DC module and a DC/DC module.

本实用新型高动态范围智能无线雨量计,采用两种不同量程的雨量传感器,可根据降雨量强弱自动切换传感器从而提高测量的准确性和采集的动态范围,适用于不同降雨环境;雨量传感器将降雨量的物理信号转换为电信号后输入到双通道无线智能雨量控制器的信号转换接口,信号转换接口具有状态反馈功能,将电信号转换为数字信号后输入到微处理器单元中,微处理器单元可实时监控各个部件的运行状态保证测量的可靠性同时易于及时定位排除故障,并进行数据采集及数据质量控制,处理后将数据存储到存储器,并通过Zigbee无线通信单元发送到气象中心站;Zigbee无线通信传输降雨量数据,具有低功耗,易施工,易扩展的优点;此智能雨量计的各个部件均采用低功耗的设计,以太阳能电池板为锂电池充电,可实现长期无人值守。The high dynamic range intelligent wireless rain gauge of the utility model adopts two kinds of rain sensors with different ranges, which can automatically switch sensors according to the intensity of rainfall to improve the accuracy of measurement and the dynamic range of collection, and is suitable for different rainfall environments; the rain sensor will The physical signal of rainfall is converted into an electrical signal and then input to the signal conversion interface of the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller. The signal conversion interface has a state feedback function, and the electrical signal is converted into a digital signal and then input into the microprocessor unit. The controller unit can monitor the running status of each component in real time to ensure the reliability of the measurement, and at the same time, it is easy to locate and troubleshoot in time, and perform data collection and data quality control. After processing, the data is stored in the memory and sent to the meteorological central station through the Zigbee wireless communication unit ; Zigbee wireless communication transmits rainfall data, which has the advantages of low power consumption, easy construction, and easy expansion; all components of this smart rain gauge are designed with low power consumption, and the solar panel is used to charge the lithium battery, which can realize long-term wireless monitoring. man on duty.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1:本实用新型整体结构示意图;Figure 1: a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

图2:本实用新型双通道无线智能雨量控制器的简易图;Figure 2: A simple diagram of the utility model dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller;

其中,1、翻斗式雨量传感器,2、称重式雨量传感器,3、翻斗雨量筒,4、称重雨量筒,5、翻斗式雨量传感器数据线,6、称重式雨量传感器数据线,7、双通道无线智能雨量控制器,8、翻斗雨量计支架,9、称重雨量计支架,10、充电线,11、太阳能电池板,12、信号转换接口,13、微处理器单元,14、Zigbee无线通信单元,15、电源管理单元;箭头表示电路及状态监控图。Among them, 1. Tipping bucket rain sensor, 2. Weighing rain sensor, 3. Tipping bucket rain gauge, 4. Weighing rain gauge, 5. Tipping bucket rain sensor data line, 6. Weighing rain sensor data line, 7 , dual-channel wireless intelligent rain gauge controller, 8, tipping bucket rain gauge bracket, 9, weighing rain gauge bracket, 10, charging cable, 11, solar panel, 12, signal conversion interface, 13, microprocessor unit, 14, Zigbee wireless communication unit, 15, power management unit; Arrow indicates circuit and status monitoring diagram.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型高动态范围智能无线雨量计做进一步详细说明。The following is a further detailed description of the high dynamic range intelligent wireless rain gauge of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

如图1所示,一种高动态范围无线智能雨量计,由电源装置、翻斗式雨量传感器1、称重式雨量传感器2和双通道无线智能雨量控制器7组成;其中,所述的翻斗式雨量传感器1位于翻斗雨量筒3中,通过翻斗式雨量传感器数据线5与双通道无线智能雨量控制器连接,翻斗雨量筒3固定于翻斗雨量计支架8上方;所述称重式雨量传感器2位于称重雨量筒4中,通过称重式雨量传感器数据线6与双通道无线智能雨量控制器连接,称重雨量筒4固定于称重雨量计支架9上方。电源装置由充电线10和太阳能电池板11组成,太阳能电池板11通过充电线10与双通道无线智能雨量控制器7相连,太阳能电池板可以为装置提供源源不断的电力供应。As shown in Figure 1, a high dynamic range wireless intelligent rain gauge is composed of a power supply unit, a tipping bucket rain sensor 1, a weighing type rain sensor 2 and a dual-channel wireless intelligent rain gauge controller 7; wherein, the tipping bucket The rain sensor 1 is located in the tipping bucket rain gauge 3, and is connected to the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller through the tipping bucket rain sensor data line 5, and the tipping bucket rain gauge 3 is fixed above the tipping bucket rain gauge bracket 8; the weighing rain gauge 2 is located in The weighing rain gauge 4 is connected to the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller through the weighing rain sensor data line 6, and the weighing rain gauge 4 is fixed above the weighing rain gauge support 9. The power supply device is composed of a charging cable 10 and a solar panel 11. The solar panel 11 is connected to the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller 7 through the charging cable 10. The solar panel can provide a continuous power supply for the device.

如图2所示,双通道无线智能雨量控制器7由信号转换接口12、微处理器单元13、Zigbee无线通信单元14和电源管理单元15组成。As shown in FIG. 2 , the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller 7 is composed of a signal conversion interface 12 , a microprocessor unit 13 , a Zigbee wireless communication unit 14 and a power management unit 15 .

使用本实用新型时,将雨量传感器置于雨量计支架上方的雨量筒内,将雨量传感器通过数据线、太阳能电池板通过充电线与双通道无线智能雨量控制器连接。其中,翻斗式雨量传感器1可采用但并不限定于天津气象仪器厂生产的DSC1型雨量传感器,其优点是在降雨量小于4mm/min时,具有较高的灵敏度和分辨率,缺点是强降雨的情况下会产生较大的误差;称重式雨量传感器2可采用但并不限定于天津气象仪器厂生产的DSC3型雨量传感器,其优点是强降雨情况下,测量稳定,误差小,可测量降雨量达10mm/min,缺点是在降雨量较小的情况下,灵敏度不高,误差较大。翻斗雨量计与称重式雨量计具有互补的特点,同时使用两种传感器,可测量在不同降雨情况下的雨量,大大提高了降雨量测量的精确度及动态范围。When using the utility model, the rain sensor is placed in the rain gauge cylinder above the rain gauge support, and the rain sensor is connected to the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller through the data line and the solar panel through the charging line. Among them, the tipping bucket rain sensor 1 can be used but is not limited to the DSC1 rain sensor produced by Tianjin Meteorological Instrument Factory. Its advantage is that it has high sensitivity and resolution when the rainfall is less than 4mm/min. The disadvantage is heavy rainfall. In the case of heavy rainfall, a large error will be generated; the weighing rain sensor 2 can be used but is not limited to the DSC3 rain sensor produced by Tianjin Meteorological Instrument Factory. The rainfall is up to 10mm/min. The disadvantage is that the sensitivity is not high and the error is large when the rainfall is small. The tipping bucket rain gauge and the weighing rain gauge have complementary features. Using two sensors at the same time can measure the rainfall under different rainfall conditions, which greatly improves the accuracy and dynamic range of rainfall measurement.

测量雨量时,雨量传感器将降雨量物理信号转换为电信号,输入给双通道无线智能雨量控制器7的信号转换接口12(如图2所示);信号转换接口12由位于其内部的光耦隔离器、滤波器、电压偏置器和脉冲整形器组成;其中,光耦隔离对信号进行隔离,滤波器对信号进行滤波,电压偏置对信号进行电平转换,脉冲整形把脉冲信号整理成理想的方波信号;各部分均有状态反馈功能,并且将不同的电信号转换为微处理器单元可以接收的数字信号。When measuring rainfall, the rainfall sensor converts the physical rainfall signal into an electrical signal, which is input to the signal conversion interface 12 of the dual-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller 7 (as shown in Figure 2); the signal conversion interface 12 is controlled by an optocoupler located inside it. It is composed of isolator, filter, voltage bias and pulse shaper; among them, the optocoupler isolates the signal, the filter filters the signal, the voltage bias converts the signal level, and the pulse shaper organizes the pulse signal into Ideal square wave signal; each part has a state feedback function, and converts different electrical signals into digital signals that the microprocessor unit can receive.

如图2所示,信号转换接口12输出的数字信号,作为微处理器单元13的输入信息;微处理器单元13优选为以MSP430为核心处理器,主要功能是监控各个部件状态并进行数据采集及数据质量控制处理。微处理器单元13采样数据后通过质量控制算法选择可信度较高的数据,存储到存储器,并通过Zigbee无线通信单元14发送到气象中心站;Zigbee无线通信器单元14包括与MSP430进行通信的微处理器接口、将数据进行打包的Zigbee内核和天线。电源管理单元15由锂电池、充放电保护装置、AC/DC模块和DC/DC模块组成;如图2所示,电源的功能是为雨量计的各个部件提供源源不断的电力供应。As shown in Figure 2, the digital signal output by the signal conversion interface 12 is used as the input information of the microprocessor unit 13; the microprocessor unit 13 is preferably a core processor with MSP430, and the main function is to monitor the status of each component and perform data acquisition and data quality control. After the microprocessor unit 13 samples the data, select the data with higher reliability by the quality control algorithm, store it in the memory, and send it to the meteorological central station by the Zigbee wireless communication unit 14; Microprocessor interface, Zigbee core to pack data and antenna. The power management unit 15 is composed of a lithium battery, a charging and discharging protection device, an AC/DC module and a DC/DC module; as shown in FIG. 2 , the function of the power supply is to provide continuous power supply for each component of the rain gauge.

本实用新型高动态范围无线智能雨量计,可根据降雨强度自动切换到不同量程的传感器,从而避免造成测量误差;智能雨量计具备对各部件的进行状态监控的能力,可通过无线通信方式将状态及数据信息实时的发送到主机端,保证雨量计的可靠性和准确性。The wireless intelligent rain gauge with high dynamic range of the utility model can automatically switch to sensors with different ranges according to the rainfall intensity, thereby avoiding measurement errors; And data information is sent to the host in real time to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the rain gauge.

上述实例只是为说明本实用新型的技术构思以及技术特点,并不能以此限制本实用新型的保护范围。凡根据本实用新型的实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应该涵盖在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above examples are just to illustrate the technical concept and technical characteristics of the present utility model, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present utility model. All equivalent transformations or modifications made according to the essence of the present utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (6)

1. a high dynamic range intelligent wireless rain gage, formed by supply unit, tipping bucket rain gauge (1), Weighing type rain sensor (2) and two-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller (7), it is characterized in that, described tipping bucket rain gauge (1) is arranged in tipping bucket rain gage bucket (3), be connected with two-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller (7) by tipping bucket rain gauge data line (5), tipping bucket rain gage bucket (3) is fixed on tilting bucket rain support (8); Described Weighing type rain sensor (2) is arranged in the rain gage bucket of weighing (4), is connected with two-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller (7) by Weighing type rain sensor data line (6), and the rain gage bucket of weighing (4) is fixed on weighing rain gauge support (9); Described two-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller (7) is connected with supply unit.
2. high dynamic range intelligent wireless rain gage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described supply unit is made up of charging wire (10) and solar panel (11), and solar panel (11) is connected with two-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller (7) by charging wire (10).
3. high dynamic range intelligent wireless rain gage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described two-channel wireless intelligent rainfall controller (7) is made up of signal translation interface (12), microprocessor unit (13), Zigbee wireless communication unit (14) and Power Management Unit (15).
4. high dynamic range intelligent wireless rain gage according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described signal translation interface (12) forms by being positioned at its inner optical coupling isolator, wave filter, voltage bias device and pulse shaper.
5. high dynamic range intelligent wireless rain gage according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described Zigbee wireless communication unit (14) is made up of Microprocessor Interface, Zigbee kernel and antenna.
6. high dynamic range intelligent wireless rain gage according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described Power Management Unit 15 is made up of lithium battery, charging and discharging protection device, AC/DC module and DC/DC module.
CN201420137948.7U 2014-03-25 2014-03-25 High dynamic range wireless intelligent pluviometer Expired - Fee Related CN203759281U (en)

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CN105549127A (en) * 2016-01-08 2016-05-04 河海大学 Atomization rainfall intensity measurement apparatus for hydraulic model, and measurement method
CN107144893A (en) * 2017-07-07 2017-09-08 辽宁省大连水文局 A kind of self-draining Weighing type telemetering rain ga(u)ge
CN107688209A (en) * 2017-10-09 2018-02-13 辽宁省大连水文局 One kind is based on the self-draining Weighing type telemetering rain ga(u)ge of twin-tub
CN111103636A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-05-05 江西武大扬帆科技有限公司 Automatic rain condition measuring and reporting system
CN114325881A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-12 甘肃省气象信息与技术装备保障中心 Intelligent tipping bucket type rainfall monitoring system and measuring instrument

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105549127A (en) * 2016-01-08 2016-05-04 河海大学 Atomization rainfall intensity measurement apparatus for hydraulic model, and measurement method
CN107144893A (en) * 2017-07-07 2017-09-08 辽宁省大连水文局 A kind of self-draining Weighing type telemetering rain ga(u)ge
CN107688209A (en) * 2017-10-09 2018-02-13 辽宁省大连水文局 One kind is based on the self-draining Weighing type telemetering rain ga(u)ge of twin-tub
CN111103636A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-05-05 江西武大扬帆科技有限公司 Automatic rain condition measuring and reporting system
CN114325881A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-12 甘肃省气象信息与技术装备保障中心 Intelligent tipping bucket type rainfall monitoring system and measuring instrument
CN114325881B (en) * 2021-12-15 2024-05-31 甘肃省气象信息与技术装备保障中心 Intelligent tipping bucket type rainfall monitoring system and measuring instrument

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