CN203662778U - Digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device - Google Patents

Digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN203662778U
CN203662778U CN201320857166.6U CN201320857166U CN203662778U CN 203662778 U CN203662778 U CN 203662778U CN 201320857166 U CN201320857166 U CN 201320857166U CN 203662778 U CN203662778 U CN 203662778U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
fixed
wedge block
oral cavity
motor
imaging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201320857166.6U
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
何佳杰
王炉意
吴晟登
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HANGZHOU MEDNOVA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD
Original Assignee
HANGZHOU MEDNOVA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HANGZHOU MEDNOVA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD filed Critical HANGZHOU MEDNOVA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD
Priority to CN201320857166.6U priority Critical patent/CN203662778U/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN203662778U publication Critical patent/CN203662778U/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model discloses a digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device which comprises a longitudinal lifting stand column, a C-shaped arm, a cantilever movement mechanism, a patient supporting and positioning device, an imaging support, an imaging unit, a generator, a power module, a master control module and a control panel. The cantilever movement mechanism comprises a center shaft moving horizontally and rectilinearly and a center shaft rotating horizontally. The center shafts are respectively and correspondingly connected with a motor. The motors are controlled by the master control module, wherein the master control module is fixed into a longitudinal lifting stand column and connected with the control panel, and therefore horizontal moving and horizontal rotating are achieved. The patient supporting and positioning device is fixed to the lower end of the C-shaped arm. The middle of the imaging support is fixed to the portion below the center shaft rotating horizontally. The imaging support is in an inverted C shape. According to the digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device, the problem how to enable the cantilever movement mechanism to act on the image device in horizontal and rectilinear moving and synchronous rotating modes can be solved, and then the movement stroke range of the image device is reduced.

Description

Numeral oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device
Technical field
This utility model relates to medical instruments field, mainly refers to the digital oral cavity panorama equipment with x-ray imaging.Specifically a kind of armarium product that uses the surveyed area of narrow lengthwise and adopt orthopantomograph imaging.
Background technology
Oral cavity panoramic imagery is by custom-designed oral cavity curved surface panoramic shooting X-ray equipment, and the image of upper jaw bone, mandibular bone, temporomandibular joint, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity and denture is simultaneously displayed on to a camera work on photo.The application of oral cavity panoramic imagery in medical diagnosis is more and more extensive, it can be dentistry disease, correcting shape of tooth and alveolar bone, the various diseases such as the bone fracture and osteopathy of temporomandibular joint provide important information, and to child's deciduous teeth permanent teeth alternately, dental caries, upper mandible cysts or tumor, upper fracture of mandible etc. also have good diagnostic value.Numeral oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device is as state-of-the-art oral cavity panorama equipment in the world.It can realize real-time development, does not need film rinsing; Patient's image data can digitized storage etc. plurality of advantages.China's numeral oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device is entirely by import, expensive at present, is unfavorable for very much diagnosing the popularization of dental disorder.
Current imaging device mainly includes longitudinal lifting column, suspension movement mechanism, sufferer supporting and positioning device, image-generating unit, generator, power module, main control module and control panel, exposure handbrake; Be wherein mainly to adopt the mode that horizontally rotates swing to imaging device effect for the suspension movement mechanism of mobile and rotation tomography equipment, adopt the movement travel needing in this way in a big way, unavoidable like this patient is caused to certain inconvenience.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of digital oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device, solve how to make suspension movement mechanism how adopt horizontal linear to move and the mode of rotary synchronous to imaging device effect, and then shorten the movement travel scope of imaging device.
Numeral oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device, comprises longitudinal lifting column, C shape arm, cantilever motion, sufferer supporting and positioning device, imaging support, image-generating unit, generator, power module, main control module and control panel; C shape arm is movably fixed on longitudinal lifting column; Cantilever motion and power module are all fixed on the upper end of C shape arm, this cantilever motion comprises horizontal linear Mobility Center axle and horizontally rotates central shaft, what each central shaft was corresponding is connected with motor, and this motor is by the master control module controls being connected with control panel being fixed in longitudinal lifting column; Sufferer supporting and positioning device is fixed on the lower end of C shape arm; The middle part of imaging support is fixed on and horizontally rotates central shaft below, and this imaging support is inverted C shape; Image-generating unit is fixed on a side of imaging support, and generator is fixed on the opposite side of imaging support, and sufferer supporting and positioning device is arranged on image-generating unit machine transmitter centre position.
The described rotating range that horizontally rotates central shaft is positive and negative 110 °, and the translational displacement that moves horizontally central shaft is 60mm.
Described sufferer supporting and positioning device, comprise base, be fixed on base front end chin support, be fixed on clamping device on chin support, at the clamping device of chin support both sides, be fixed on the controller of the driving device of base rear end, actuating device, clamped position sensor, reseting sensor, accessory drive and above-mentioned two sensors between clamping device and driving device; Actuating device comprises a wedge block, and one coordinates and be fixed on the line slideway on base with wedge block; Wedge block middle part has groove; Driving device comprises a feed screw nut that can promote wedge block motion, and this feed screw nut is fixed in above-mentioned groove and is connected with a limit spring; Clamping device, comprises two symmetrical swingles, two symmetrical clamping elements that removably connect, and wherein, each clamping element is fixed on one end, preloading spring, two limited posts of swingle; Above-mentioned two swingles connect by preloading spring, and preloading spring is fixed in the axle construction of the swingle other end, and in the axle construction of swingle, cover has the bearing matching with it, and the inclined-plane, outside of wedge block contacts with the outer peripheral face of bearing outer ring; Clamped position sensor is positioned at feed screw nut front portion and is fixed on wedge block top; On reseting sensor firm banking and in wedge block afterbody rear.
Described driving device also comprises a motor, a trapezoidal screw being fixed on motor shaft; Above-mentioned motor is fixed on motor cabinet, and this motor cabinet is fixed on base.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: owing to adopting longitudinal lifting column, can carry out altitude mixture control according to the height of sufferer like this, make sufferer supporting and positioning device in place; Owing to adopting the cantilever motion that operation level moving machine horizontally rotates simultaneously, can realize panoramic imagery by the programming of setting like this time, image tomography and Buccodental camber line coincide, its anglec of rotation can reach positive and negative 110 °, and translation distance can be 60mm; Owing to being provided with sufferer supporting and positioning device, in this equipment use procedure, can support with the location of both sides ear clip and realize fixing sufferer position by chin.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the digital oral cavity panoramic x-ray apparatus schematic diagram in the present embodiment;
Fig. 2 is a side structure schematic diagram of cantilever motion;
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of cantilever motion;
Fig. 4 is the front view of image-generating unit;
Fig. 5 is the left view of image-generating unit;
Fig. 6 is the front view of generator.
1. longitudinal lifting columns in figure, 2. cantilever motion, 21. horizontal linear Mobility Center axles, 22. horizontally rotate central shaft, 3. exposure handbrake, 4. image-generating unit, 41. power port, 42. Ethernet interfaces, 43. imaging sensors, 5. generator, 51. high-voltage inverter circuit plates, 52. fuel tanks, 53. beam-defining clippers, 54. child's slits, 55. adult's slits, 56. slit mobile devices, 561. slit Mobility Center axles, 6. power module, 7. main control module, 8. control panel, 9. sufferer supporting and positioning device, 901. chin supports, 902. clamping device, 903. clamping element, 904. preloading spring, 905. clamped position sensors, 906. wedge block, 907. motor, 908. reseting sensor, 909. limit spring, 910. bearing, 911. base, 912. swingle, 913. line slideway, 914. trapezoidal screw, 915. feed screw nut, 916. motor cabinet, 917. limited post, 918. axle construction, 919. groove, 10. X ray, 11. sufferer patients, 12.C shape arm, 13. imaging supports.
The specific embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, digital oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device is divided into several mechanisms and module by the present embodiment, comprise a longitudinal lifting column 1, C shape arm 12, a cantilever motion 2,9, one imaging supports of a sufferer supporting and positioning device 13, image-generating unit 4, generator 5, power module 6, main control module 7 and control panel 8, an exposure handbrake 3.
Longitudinally the mechanism of lifting column 1 inside can carry out descending operation to C shape arm 12, can carry out altitude mixture control according to sufferer patient 11 height like this, makes sufferer supporting and positioning device 9 in place; Such mechanism very ripe prior art that belongs to now, therefore no longer too much describe.
The parts of C shape arm 12 for commonly using at present, also belong to prior art, therefore no longer too much describe, cantilever motion 2 and power module 6 are all fixed on the upper end of C shape arm 12, C shape arm 12 centre positions are provided with main control module 7 and control panel 8, and lower end is provided with sufferer supporting and positioning device 9.
Cantilever motion 2 comprises that a horizontal linear Mobility Center axle 21 and one horizontally rotate central shaft 22, and what each central shaft was corresponding is connected with motor, thereby this motor is controlled to realize by main control module 7 and moved horizontally and horizontally rotate.
Sufferer supporting and positioning device 9 comprises that a base 911, one are fixed on the chin support 901 of base 911 front ends, one and are fixed on actuating device between clamping device and driving device of driving device that clamping device on chin support 901 902, clamping device in chin support 901 both sides, one be fixed on base 911 rear ends,, clamped position sensor 905,908, one current common main control modules of reseting sensor; This main control module is owing to belonging to conventional components, therefore not shown in the diagram.This sufferer supporting and positioning device 9 can be realized the auxiliary positioning of the reasonable ornaments to sufferer patient 11 positions before shooting, and can realize in shooting process spacing to sufferer patient 11 heads, prevents the head movement of sufferer patient 11 in shooting process.
Above-mentioned base 911, chin support 901, clamping device 902 all can adopt existing parts, and in the present embodiment, emphasis is described driving device, actuating device and clamping device.Driving device comprises that one is fixed on motor on motor cabinet 916 907, one and is fixed on the supporting feed screw nut 915 of trapezoidal screw on motor shaft 914, and trapezoidal screw 914.In the time that motor 907 turns round, trapezoidal screw 914 just drives feed screw nut 915 to move.Actuating device comprises that 906, one of wedge blocks are used in conjunction with and are fixed on the line slideway 913 on base 911 with wedge block 906; Wedge block 906 middle parts have groove 919, feed screw nut 915 is fixed in groove 919 and is connected with a limit spring 909, this trapezoidal screw 914 can carry out rectilinear motion and slide with the front and back that drive wedge block 906 by limit spring 909 in groove 919, realizes effective connection the between driving device and actuating device.Clamping device, comprises that two symmetrical swingles 912, two the symmetrical clamping elements that removably connect 903, each clamping element 903 are fixed on one end of swingle 912, preloading spring 904, two limited posts 917; Above-mentioned two swingles 912 are connected clamping element 903 are kept relative stability under relaxation state by preloading spring 904, and preloading spring 904 is fixed in the integrated axle construction 918 of swingle 912 other ends.For realizing the gearing of actuating device and clamping device, in the axle construction 918 of swingle 912, cover has the bearing 910 matching with it, the inclined-plane, outside of wedge block 906 by motion contacts with the outer peripheral face of bearing 910 outer rings, carries out axle rotation by the bearing 910 driven rotary bars 912 that rotate.Clamped position sensor 905 is positioned at feed screw nut 915 front portions and is fixed on wedge block 906 tops, this sensor can be a travel switch, when clamping element 903 firm grip when patient's head, feed screw nut 915 also can continue orientation movements until touch clamped position sensor 905, at this moment closing driving device starts to take, after shooting completes, motor 907 in driving device will receive the end signal of controller, thereby drive stepping motor 907 reverse drive, clamping element 903 start mutually away from, thereby loosen patient's head, until the afterbody of wedge block 906 touches the reseting sensor 908 being fixed on base 911, this reseting sensor 908 can be equally also a travel switch, at this moment thereby reseting sensor 908 reaches controller by repositioning information and closes motor 907, so just can provide automatization to be fixedly clamped and loosen according to different head sizes, thereby increase work efficiency.
The work process of this positioner is: before shooting starts, patient is placed in chin on chin support 901, bites the groove on clamping device 902 with labial teeth simultaneously, if chin support 901 is improper with clamping device 902 spacing, can regulate clamping device 922, this utility model is in the time receiving the commencing signal of controller, motor 907 starts, the trapezoidal screw 914 rotating drives wedge block 906 to front slide, the contacts side surfaces friction of bearing 910 outer rings and wedge block 906, produce relative motion, under the gearing of bearing 910, left-right rotary bull stick 912 carries out take limited post 917 its front end close rotation mutually as the center of circle, be that clamping element 903 beginnings are close to the clamped condition that keeps clamping element 903, start to take, wait to take and finish, controller sends end signal, motor 907 rotates backward, wedge block 906 slides backward, left-right rotary bull stick 912 carries out take limited post 917 as the center of circle, its front end mutually away from rotation, be that clamping element 903 starts away from extremely resetting, reseting sensor 908 sends reset signal to controller, complete whole work.
The middle part of imaging support 13 is fixed on and horizontally rotates central shaft 22 belows, and this imaging support 13 is inverted C shape; Image-generating unit 4 is fixed on a side of imaging support 13, and generator 5 is fixed on the opposite side of imaging support 13, and this imaging support 13 mainly plays the effect of supporting other parts.
Image-generating unit 4 adopts TDI-CCD technology, X ray 10 is converted into digital signal and docks with computer by Ethernet interface 42, and power port 41, Ethernet interface 42, imaging sensor 43 are installed above it; Thereby power port 41 provides electric power energy for connecting power supply, Ethernet interface 42 is for transmitting data to computer, imaging sensor 43 is accepted X ray 10 and is converted digital signal to, the setting of its imaging region size and child's slit 54, adult's the selected of slit 55 are associated, and are that configuration is installed face-to-face.The imaging region of this sensor is narrow lengthwise; the movement locus, imaging sensor 43 imaging regions of image-generating unit 4 of the cantilever motion 2 of setting for child and adult and the exposure parameter of generator 5 are set and are all done corresponding adjustment by main control module 7, avoid unnecessary radiation dose with child protection to greatest extent.
Generator 5 is for generation of X ray 10, and it includes high-voltage inverter circuit plate 51, fuel tank 52, beam-defining clipper 53, child's slit 54, adult's slit 55, slit mobile device 56, slit Mobility Center axle 561.
Control panel 8 arranges dosimetry parameter and the exposure mode of X ray 10, sends corresponding data to main control module 7; Pressing exposure handbrake 3 is produced the X ray 10 of various dose and is controlled cantilever motion 2 and move according to different patterns by main control module 7 control generators 5; X ray 10 is imaged unit 4 through sufferer supporting and positioning device 9 and accepts, and sufferer supporting and positioning device 9 is between generator 5 and image-generating unit 4; Image-generating unit 4 is accepted X ray 10, according to specific frequency collection data, and sends data to computer by Ethernet interface 42; Generator 5 and image-generating unit 4 are fixed respectively in cantilever motion 2 two ends, and sufferer supporting and positioning device 9 is fixed on the bottom of cantilever motion 2, and power module 6, main control module 7, control panel 8 are fixed on the ad-hoc location of cantilever motion 2; Longitudinally lifting column 1 drives cantilever motion 2 to move up and down.X ray 10 is penetrated by X-ray tube, is limited the scope of X ray 10 and is presented on imaging sensor 43 by child's slit 54 or adult's slit 55.X-ray tube provides high voltagehigh frequency to trigger X ray by high-voltage inverter circuit plate 51, and carries out oil cooling by fuel tank 52.The slit mobile device 56 that the setting of child's slit 54 or adult's slit 55 is made up of motor etc. is controlled along the diverse location that moves horizontally beam-defining clipper 53 and is determined.By the beam-defining clipper 53 of configurable limit X ray scope, thereby can make the scattered quantum of X ray 10 reduce raising picture quality.

Claims (4)

1. digital oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device, comprises longitudinal lifting column, C shape arm, cantilever motion, sufferer supporting and positioning device, imaging support, image-generating unit, generator, power module, main control module and control panel; C shape arm is movably fixed on longitudinal lifting column; It is characterized in that: cantilever motion and power module are all fixed on the upper end of C shape arm, this cantilever motion comprises horizontal linear Mobility Center axle and horizontally rotates central shaft, what each central shaft was corresponding is connected with motor, and this motor is by the master control module controls being connected with control panel being fixed in longitudinal lifting column; Sufferer supporting and positioning device is fixed on the lower end of C shape arm; The middle part of imaging support is fixed on and horizontally rotates central shaft below, and this imaging support is inverted C shape; Image-generating unit is fixed on a side of imaging support, and generator is fixed on the opposite side of imaging support, and sufferer supporting and positioning device is arranged on image-generating unit machine transmitter centre position.
2. according to the digital oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in horizontally rotate central shaft rotating range be positive and negative 110 °, the translational displacement that moves horizontally central shaft is 60mm.
3. according to the digital oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sufferer supporting and positioning device, comprise base, be fixed on base front end chin support, be fixed on clamping device on chin support, at the clamping device of chin support both sides, be fixed on the controller of the driving device of base rear end, actuating device, clamped position sensor, reseting sensor, accessory drive and above-mentioned two sensors between clamping device and driving device; Actuating device comprises a wedge block, and one coordinates and be fixed on the line slideway on base with wedge block; Wedge block middle part has groove; Driving device comprises a feed screw nut that can promote wedge block motion, and this feed screw nut is fixed in above-mentioned groove and is connected with a limit spring; Clamping device, comprises two symmetrical swingles, two symmetrical clamping elements that removably connect, and wherein, each clamping element is fixed on one end, preloading spring, two limited posts of swingle; Above-mentioned two swingles connect by preloading spring, and preloading spring is fixed in the axle construction of the swingle other end, and in the axle construction of swingle, cover has the bearing matching with it, and the inclined-plane, outside of wedge block contacts with the outer peripheral face of bearing outer ring; Clamped position sensor is positioned at feed screw nut front portion and is fixed on wedge block top; On reseting sensor firm banking and in wedge block afterbody rear.
4. according to the digital oral cavity panoramic x-ray imaging device described in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described driving device also comprises a motor, a trapezoidal screw being fixed on motor shaft; Above-mentioned motor is fixed on motor cabinet, and this motor cabinet is fixed on base.
CN201320857166.6U 2013-12-24 2013-12-24 Digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device Expired - Fee Related CN203662778U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201320857166.6U CN203662778U (en) 2013-12-24 2013-12-24 Digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201320857166.6U CN203662778U (en) 2013-12-24 2013-12-24 Digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN203662778U true CN203662778U (en) 2014-06-25

Family

ID=50959120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201320857166.6U Expired - Fee Related CN203662778U (en) 2013-12-24 2013-12-24 Digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN203662778U (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3000400A3 (en) * 2014-09-29 2016-04-06 Cefla Societa' Cooperativa Apparatus for acquiring panoramic, optionally 3d volumetric cbct, optionally teleradiographic images
CN110573081A (en) * 2017-03-17 2019-12-13 普兰梅卡有限公司 X-ray imaging apparatus and patient support device
CN111419260A (en) * 2020-04-09 2020-07-17 上海汉缔医疗设备有限公司 CBCT equipment with digital X-ray image in mouth
CN114513605A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-17 重庆医药高等专科学校 Big data storage system for image shooting
CN114513593A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-17 重庆医药高等专科学校 Mass image acquisition working method

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3000400A3 (en) * 2014-09-29 2016-04-06 Cefla Societa' Cooperativa Apparatus for acquiring panoramic, optionally 3d volumetric cbct, optionally teleradiographic images
CN110573081A (en) * 2017-03-17 2019-12-13 普兰梅卡有限公司 X-ray imaging apparatus and patient support device
CN110573081B (en) * 2017-03-17 2023-09-26 普兰梅卡有限公司 X-ray imaging apparatus and patient support device
CN111419260A (en) * 2020-04-09 2020-07-17 上海汉缔医疗设备有限公司 CBCT equipment with digital X-ray image in mouth
CN114513605A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-17 重庆医药高等专科学校 Big data storage system for image shooting
CN114513593A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-05-17 重庆医药高等专科学校 Mass image acquisition working method
CN114513605B (en) * 2022-01-25 2024-03-05 重庆医药高等专科学校 Big data storage system for image shooting
CN114513593B (en) * 2022-01-25 2024-04-16 重庆医药高等专科学校 Mass picture acquisition working method

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103690182B (en) Digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device
CN203662778U (en) Digital oral cavity panoramic X-ray imaging device
KR100794563B1 (en) The combined panoramic and computed tomography photographing apparatus
KR100907821B1 (en) Composite image taking device for dental medical diagnosis
CN102626319B (en) Automatic adjusting system and method for patient ray irradiation position of CBCT
CN103908288B (en) Along the digitized dentistry surface fault panoramic X-ray machine of true dental arch track scanning
CN212415766U (en) Oral CBCT equipment
CN103750852A (en) Work table system of movable X-ray diagnosing device
CN203662793U (en) Automatic head locating device of X-ray oral cavity camera
CN111803016A (en) Probing type oral cavity internal scanning device based on three-dimensional modeling
CN201750894U (en) Digital X-ray apparatus
CN106963405B (en) Novel oral cavity cone beam CT
CN211511773U (en) Oral cavity scanning instrument
CN110772230A (en) Oral cavity scanning instrument
CN213189694U (en) Multifunctional CBCT jaw support lifting device
CN211723215U (en) Oral cavity CBCT equipment
CN212630786U (en) Multi-mode oral cavity CBCT equipment
CN213821456U (en) Intelligent positioning X-ray chest film frame
CN210044022U (en) Portable dental X-ray machine
CN210096708U (en) Private high-intensity focused ultrasound device
CN215227776U (en) Improved mandible positioning device for maxillofacial cone beam CT (computed tomography) projection
CN208388777U (en) Based on scanner in hand-held mouth
CN214596083U (en) Tooth articulator
CN219207011U (en) Oral cavity CT shoots positioning mechanism
CN218899502U (en) Novel sitting posture digital oral cavity CBCT device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20140625

Termination date: 20171224