CN203639430U - Terrace type pulverized coal fluidized bed high-efficiency gasification furnace - Google Patents
Terrace type pulverized coal fluidized bed high-efficiency gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN203639430U CN203639430U CN201320866974.9U CN201320866974U CN203639430U CN 203639430 U CN203639430 U CN 203639430U CN 201320866974 U CN201320866974 U CN 201320866974U CN 203639430 U CN203639430 U CN 203639430U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a terrace type pulverized coal fluidized bed high-efficiency gasification furnace. The terrace type pulverized coal fluidized bed high-efficiency gasification furnace is characterized in that the gasification furnace is of an inverted terrace type structure, the top of the gasification furnace is a circular end socket, a furnace body is cylindrical, the lower end of the gasification furnace is of a frustum structure, the frustum structure is a primary reaction zone and is provided with a plurality of coal adding ports and one dust return port, and an ash discharge port is formed in the lower part of the frustum structure; a coal gas outlet is formed in the top of the furnace body; the middle of the furnace body is a secondary reaction zone, and a gasifying agent nozzle is arranged in the middle of the furnace body and is of a low-pressure nozzle and middle-pressure nozzle composite structure, so that uniform, high-efficiency and complete gasification reaction is achieved, thus the content of carbon in dust and the concentration of residual methane are reduced, and the content of CO and H2 are increased. The terrace type pulverized coal fluidized bed high-efficiency gasification furnace can be used for improving gasification efficiency and productivity.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to Coal Gasification Technology field, relates to a kind of fluidized-bed gasification furnace.
Background technology
Coal, oil, Sweet natural gas are world's main energy sources, the China of oil starvation weak breath, coal indispensable main energy sources especially, an important way rationally utilizing coal is extensively to utilize after gasification is become to coal gas again, reaches the green energy resource policy requirements that Filter Tuber For Clean Coal that country proposes utilizes.
Coal Gasification Technology is rationally to utilize coal, one of technology of clean utilization coal.The research of Coal Gasification Technology is extensively carried out in countries in the world, and the coal gasification method of having developed up to now and equipment are a lot, and wherein the key equipment of Coal Gasification Technology is gas gasification stove, is commonly called as vapourizing furnace.Press the flow mechanics condition of material in gas gasification stove, vapourizing furnace is divided into fixing (movement) bed gasification furnace, ebullated bed (fluidized-bed) vapourizing furnace, air flow bed (melting) vapourizing furnace etc.
Fluidized-bed gasification furnace is ebullated bed vapourizing furnace, be characterized in utilizing vaporized chemical (air, oxygen, water vapor) seethe with excitement fine coal and cause oxidation and reduction reaction, contain the effective gas (CO+H of high density to produce
2) coal gas.Thereby how to use in this process, fine coal balances the boiling with vaporized chemical uniform contact, evenly gasification is crucial.What existing fluidized-bed gasification furnace had possesses fire grate or vaporized chemical grid distributor (with holes), borrows vaporized chemical that fine coal is seethed with excitement, but this kind equipment generally gas ability processed is low, and need to safeguard equipment in stove and frequent blowing out.Developed into afterwards and cancelled the internals such as fire grate, but adopt jet pipe to carry out cloth wind (eddy current), expanded vaporization ability and minimizing stops repairing to realize, to increase runtime, just had HTW, GUS, a grace stove etc. as what used both at home and abroad.
So that nowadays the good technology of domestic application (patent No.: ZL-972020187.7) is as example, its feature, for realizing nozzle cloth wind, has solved the shortcoming of the easy slagging scorification of blast cap cloth wind on former sieve plate, extends running period, has improved productive rate.Output can reach 40000Nm
3(dry gas)/h. platform; Its shortcoming is for only having place's solid fine coal opening for feed; Because stove footpath is large, cause cloth inequality in close phase layer.Efficiency is not high, and in stove exit coal gas, carry over quantity is more.Current published data shows, this producer gas composition effective constituent CO+H
2content between 68%～70%, CH
4content is 4% left and right, in slag carbon content 10%, dust carbon content approximately 30%; The dust quantity of taking out of in coal gas accounts for 60～70% of total grey deal in feed coal, and bottom slag only has 30%～40%.In other gasification technology, above-mentioned data may be slightly different.Can find out by above-mentioned data, still there is following weak point in these vapourizing furnaces:
1, in slag and coal gas, carry carbon content in dust secretly still higher;
2, in coal gas, carry the large and thoroughly dedusting of dust quantity secretly, to follow-up equipment, use leaves hidden danger;
3, because carbon content in slag and dust is high, furnace shell appearance heat waste is also larger, and comprehensive carbon utilisation rate, the gasification efficiency of making reduces (with the comparison of air flow bed high-temperature gasification);
4, CO in coal gas
2and CH
4content is high, and unwanted composition when this is synthetic gas production, should be more low better;
5, the vapourizing furnace having has second gasification district, utilizes secondary nozzle to strengthen gasification intensity and improve gasification result, but huge because of equipment, designs improper and is not effective and design requirements, and methane residual volume is also higher.
Summary of the invention
The deficiency existing for above-mentioned prior art, contriver finds by analysis, removes chemical reaction velocity and balance external, and the major cause that causes vapourizing furnace inefficiency is the ununiformity of reaction, and concrete reason is as follows:
1. the gas-solid reaction of ebullated bed is affected by gasification agent temperature (can not change) and the granularity of solid materials coal; The distribution of granularity, moving condition make granularity at the same bed of material skewness of reactor, and especially single place adds coal to be transported to far point by eddy current from the near point of ingress, and form close phase layer.Different in distance near point to far point, the time needing is different.From gasification furnace structure figure, can find out, in the same plane of reactor reaction zone, get a micro unit from the bed of material, in its solids distribution, granularity and quantity are different; From facade, solids distribution is also differentiated, the vaporized chemical of equivalent amount consumes inconsistent in each micro unit, the reaction that likely indivedual bed thickness granularities are large is incomplete, as shown in Figure 1, when the charging of single place, in the micro unit that enters coal entrance near point and far point, there are concentration difference and granularity poor, required oxygen consumed amount is different, has influence on speed and the chemical reaction equilibrium of chemical reaction process.
2. be provided with secondary nozzle and carry out second gasification when reaction, reaction ununiformity shows as: from concentric(al) circles cross section, reaction zone, by the vaporized chemical at periphery directive center due to pressure is low cannot be deeply to central reaction district, and only stay in periphery reaction, flame is shorter.Simultaneously because stove footpath is larger, though solid materials with the air-flow distribution uniform that rises, vaporized chemical distributes still inhomogeneous, as shown in Figure 2.
For above-mentioned reason, can adopt following measure to improve:
1. change the structure accessory of gas gasification stove, during in the hope of gas-solid reaction in primary first-order equation district, the homogeneity of solids distribution, thus gasification reaction uniform high-efficiency in reaction zone is carried out, make remaining CH in coal gas
4amount reduces; In slag and dust, carbon content reduces, and improves efficiency of carbon conversion.
2. change vaporized chemical (O in secondary reaction district
2) distribution, make O
2can be deep into central zone.Make the reaction of second gasification district evenly, carbon residue fully burns and gasification reaction in second gasification district, causes carbon content in dust and also reduces.Reduce dust carry-over quantity, to reduce dust-removal system difficulty as far as possible.
By contriver's analysis, the problem existing for solving prior art problem, the technique means that the utility model is taked is: terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace, it is characterized in that, described vapourizing furnace is inverted trapezoidal formula structure, and top is circular head, body of heater is tubular, lower end is frustum structure, and described frustum structure is provided with multiple coal filling holes and a dust return port, and the below of described frustum structure is provided with ash discharging hole; Body of heater top is provided with gas exit.
Further, between described frustum structure and ash discharging hole, be provided with jet pipe, described jet pipe is 4～8.
Further, the number of described coal filling hole is 3, and 90 ° each other.
Further, in the middle of described vapourizing furnace body of heater, be secondary reaction district, described secondary reaction district periphery is provided with nozzle, and described nozzle comprises low-pressure nozzle and middle pressure nozzle.
Further, described low-pressure nozzle accounts for 2/3 of the total nozzle number of second gasification Qu, and middle pressure nozzle accounts for 1/3 of the total nozzle number of second gasification Qu, and the two all distributes along even circumferential.Low-pressure nozzle makes periphery one enclose flammule reaction, and middle pressure nozzle can be ejected into center circle district is evenly distributed vaporized chemical, and the two is uniform in conjunction with reaching secondary, reacts completely, and carbon content in flying dust is reduced.
Further, nozzle and the body of heater in described secondary reaction district are in 90 °.
Further, described furnace lining has flame retardant coating, and body of heater is provided with box hat outward, and described flame retardant coating comprises refractory brick, refractory castable and thermofin.
Terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace described in the utility model, its principle of work is: standby coal measures system is processed qualified fine coal (granularity≤10mm, moisture 8～12%) by the air conveying fine coal funnel that is pumped into, and reenters coal bunker; Enter gas gasification stove by screw-type coal distributor and inlet short pipe.And vaporized chemical (water vapor and oxygen mixture) total amount 80% enter vapourizing furnace by lower nozzle with certain speed and pressure.Vaporized chemical from bottom to top seethes with excitement with whirlpool wind and fine coal, constantly fine coal is mixed with ash, deliver to far point from coal entrance near point and mix, heat up, burn in reaction zone, and generating gasification reaction simultaneously, form the high temperature reaction zone of 930～980 DEG C, unburnt superfine pulverized coal is in company with running into the vaporized chemical from upper spray nozzle in coal gas uphill process, and gasification burns away, make the furnace temperature in the secondary reaction district on upper spray nozzle top arrive 1000～1050 DEG C, simultaneously water vapor, the CO in upstream
2react with unburnt carbon dust generation decomposition-reduction, make stove upper temp drop to 950～930 DEG C (containing thermosteresis).According to the difference of vapourizing furnace volume and the residence time, part can make reaction be continued until in gas-solid separator, and gas temperature continues decline (comprising thermosteresis).
The ash and the fine coal dust that are created in gas gasification stove will enter gas-solid separator (cyclonic separator) with coal gas, heavy granularity dust is wiped and is fallen inwall and fall in the dust tube of bottom under cyclonic separator centrifugation, and turn back in vapourizing furnace through return line, contact with vaporized chemical again and carry out secondary response again, the dust not falling enters next equipment with coal gas through separator outlet.
The boiler ash sediment producing in vapourizing furnace utilizes the special eddy effect of vaporized chemical, and the decline space and the wall effect that in vapourizing furnace, are formed centrally are fallen to the bottom of lower nozzle and form grieshoch.
Maintain certain grey layer height according to pressure reduction and grieshoch temperature between pressure and the furnace top pressure of lower nozzle top.The spiral ash discharger that utilization is connected under ash discharge short tube carries out ash discharge.
In vapourizing furnace operation, sixty-four dollar question is how to avoid fire partially, and makes each point in stove maintain uniformly furnace temperature.Make solid materials and the vaporized chemical that will try one's best in design can even balanced adding in stove.In operation, to control well and add quantity to ensure even furnace temperature, in actually operating, can find to utilize quantity of steam in coal supply amount levelling (frequency modulation motor) and vaporized chemical automatically to control furnace temperature, and oxygen be stablized (being often also subject to quantity limitation) as far as possible.
Terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace described in the utility model, with respect to prior art, its advantage is:
1, for fine coal in stove is balanced the boiling (fine coal evenly mixes and contacts with vaporized chemical), change the way of the single import of feeding-in solid body, make into add fine coal from three directions (each distribution in 90 °) Fen Sanlu, discharged producer gas isolated dust in cyclonic separator adds from remaining a direction by return line.Allow coal dust mix more fast, more uniformly and to contact with vaporized chemical with dust, reach being uniformly distributed of thickness, granularity in the each micro unit of close phase layer, the degree of carrying out to change gasification reaction, reach the object that is uniformly distributed, reacts completely, prevent the generation of anoxic among a certain micro unit or peroxide phenomenon.Solid materials enters in stove from four sides, and eight directions of vaporized chemical enter in stove, reaches even mixing, equal material refining layer, homogeneous reaction, thereby improves gasification efficiency.
2,, in secondary reaction district, in the nozzle that all round edges are arranged, have 2/3 to be that low pressure is for vaporized chemical, in a circle periphery short-flame reaction.Separately having 1/3 nozzle is that medium-pressure type supplies vaporized chemical (oxygen and water vapor), and pressure is slightly high, sprays into speed large, allow gas velocity be bigger than combustion of hydrogen speed, flame is long, can be deep into center circle district, make in center circle district also aerobic pneumatic transmission enter, overcome the little drawback of single low-pressure nozzle reaction range.Reacted dust can downward landing due to action of gravity and wall effect, and drag-out reduces.
3, for making boiling reach uniform distribution and balanced reaction, and ashes can not take away and sink to furnace bottom with coal gas, must determine that the vertical of nozzle and angle, reaction cross-section that level is installed amass diameter, vaporized chemical flow velocity etc.The vertical angle of nozzle must have inclination alpha, and the level angle of nozzle is oblique angle β, could form so effective eddy current.These parameters change with structure and production capacity.
4, for extending the reaction times and reducing gas flow rate, reduce carry-over quantity, strengthen the intensity of equipment and reduce brickwork work difficulty, furnace binding of the present invention is inverted trapezoidal formula structure, and it is crucial selecting suitable device geometry and gas flow rate.As shown.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the bottom construction schematic diagram of traditional single charging vapourizing furnace;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of short flame kernel dead zone, traditional vapourizing furnace second gasification district;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of vapourizing furnace of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of vapourizing furnace of the present invention along A-A section;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of vapourizing furnace of the present invention along B-B section;
Wherein: 1. vapourizing furnace, 2. gas exit, 3. dust return port, 4. flame retardant coating, 5. box hat, 6. coal filling hole, 7. jet pipe, 8. nozzle, 9. thermometer boss, 10. ash discharging hole, 11 low-pressure nozzles, press nozzle in 12,13. thermometer bosses, 14 thermometer bosses, 15. pressure taps, 16 pressure taps.
Embodiment
The terrace PC-FB high-effective gas of one vapourizing furnace as shown in Figure 3, described vapourizing furnace 1 is inverted trapezoidal formula structure, top is circular head, on body of heater, middle part is all cylinder type, diameter is different, and upper diameter is larger, and this is mainly to provide the adequate reaction time and reduces gas flow rate, reduce carry-over quantity, bottom is frustum structure; Described frustum structure is provided with 3 coal filling hole 6 and dust return ports 3 of 90 ° each other, the short port tube of coal filling hole 6 connects with three screw-type coal distributors and feed, the ash that the dust of dust return port 3 is discharged from coal gas separator, by constantly dividing the big dust particle getting off to return in stove, again participate in gasification reaction; Between described frustum structure and ash discharging hole 10, be provided with 8 jet pipes 7, add entrance as vaporized chemical, vaporized chemical is that this 8 jet pipes 7 of flowing through after being mixed in mixing tank by oxygen and water vapor enter in stove, forms eddy current, makes dust boiling fluidisation, produces gasification reaction.Jet pipe 7 becomes an oblique angle and inclination angle that (seeing A-A section) is installed with centrum wall, different and different from kinds of gas (as air gas, water-gas etc.) according to production capacity, as shown in Figure 4; The below of described frustum structure is provided with two ash discharging holes 10, is connected hot ash is sent in grey storage tank with ash ejector, and its below is provided with cold slag machine ash is cooled to <100 DEG C, then sends into slag storehouse; Body of heater top is provided with gas exit 2.In the middle of described vapourizing furnace 1 body of heater, be secondary reaction district, described secondary reaction district periphery is provided with nozzle 8, and nozzle quantity is determined according to production capacity, and described nozzle comprises low-pressure nozzle 11 and middle pressure nozzle 12.Described low-pressure nozzle 11 accounts for 2/3 of the total nozzle number of second gasification Qu, and middle pressure nozzle 12 accounts for 1/3 of the total nozzle number of second gasification Qu, and the two all distributes along even circumferential, as shown in Figure 5.Low-pressure nozzle 11 makes periphery one enclose flammule reaction, and middle pressure nozzle 12 can be ejected into center circle district is evenly distributed vaporized chemical, and the two is uniform in conjunction with reaching secondary, reacts completely, and carbon content in flying dust is reduced.The nozzle 8 in described secondary reaction district is in 90 ° with body of heater.Described furnace lining has flame retardant coating 4, and body of heater is provided with box hat 5 outward, and described flame retardant coating 4 comprises refractory brick, refractory castable and thermofin, and body of heater is protected.Described vapourizing furnace top and bottom are all connected with thermometer boss, and as 9,13,14 as point for measuring temperature, and pressure tap, as 15 and 16 as pressure tap, to adapt to technique needs.
The terrace PC-FB high-effective gas of one vapourizing furnace described in the present embodiment, can not only reach object of the present invention, can also improve production capacity.
1, due to even mixing, the result reacting completely, effectively gas composition CO+H
2content is 71%～74%, respectively increases on year-on-year basis more than 1% remaining CH
4quantity will be down to 2% left and right (originally in 3.5%～4.5% left and right)
2, due to the result of homogeneous reaction, the quantity of slag is increased to 60% left and right from 40% of the total ash amount of accounting for of past.The quantity of its flying dust will more than 60% be kept to 40% left and right from the total ash amount of accounting for of past.The carbon content of slag is down to below 8% from 10% left and right.Carbon content in flying dust is down to below 14% from 30%.Therefore, carbon utilisation rate has improved 3% left and right.
3, because burner quantity increases, furnace space strengthens, and production capacity increases by 20% on year-on-year basis.
This stove vaporization ability can reach 50000Nm
3(dry gas)/h. platform, coal gas effective constituent CO+H
2can reach 74%, CH
4in 2% left and right, carbon content <8% in slag, carbon utilisation rate 94%, in coal gas, carry-over quantity reduces, and only has 40% left and right of coal ash content, and carry-over reduces, and for follow-up dedusting lightens the load, easily realizes the production of clean gas.Owing to being all beneficial to environmental protection without factors such as carbon content reductions in oil content, slag ash in uniform distribution, strengthening boiling condition and gasification reaction, evenly high-temperature operation, coal gas.In addition, the vaporized chemical difference (for example oxygen enrichment or air) that this stove adds can obtain the coal gas of different calorific values, realizes multi-use, facilitates user to select and broadened application scope.
Terrace PC-FB high-effective gas vapourizing furnace described in the present embodiment, is with the difference of embodiment 1, jet pipe 7 numbers between frustum structure and ash discharging hole 10 are 8.
Claims (8)
1. terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace, is characterized in that, described vapourizing furnace is inverted trapezoidal formula structure, top is circular head, and body of heater is tubular, and lower end is frustum structure, described frustum structure is provided with multiple coal filling holes and a dust return port, and the below of described frustum structure is provided with ash discharging hole; Body of heater top is provided with gas exit.
2. terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that, between described frustum structure and ash discharging hole, is provided with jet pipe, and described jet pipe is 4～8.
3. terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the number of described coal filling hole is 3, and 90 ° each other.
4. terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the middle of described vapourizing furnace body of heater, is secondary reaction district, and described secondary reaction district periphery is provided with nozzle, and described nozzle comprises low-pressure nozzle and middle pressure nozzle.
5. terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described low-pressure nozzle accounts for 2/3 of the total nozzle number of second gasification Qu, and middle pressure nozzle accounts for 1/3 of the total nozzle number of second gasification Qu, and the two all distributes along even circumferential.
6. terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that, nozzle and the body of heater in described secondary reaction district are in 90 °.
7. terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described furnace lining has flame retardant coating, and body of heater is provided with box hat outward.
8. terrace PC-FB efficient gasification furnace according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described flame retardant coating comprises refractory brick, refractory castable and thermofin.
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| CN201320866974.9U CN203639430U (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2013-12-26 | Terrace type pulverized coal fluidized bed high-efficiency gasification furnace |
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| CN201320866974.9U CN203639430U (en) | 2013-12-26 | 2013-12-26 | Terrace type pulverized coal fluidized bed high-efficiency gasification furnace |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104762108A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-07-08 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Fluidized bed gasification furnace and gasification system |
| CN112745966A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-05-04 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Circulating fluidized bed gasification device and circulating fluidized bed gasification method |
-
2013
- 2013-12-26 CN CN201320866974.9U patent/CN203639430U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104762108A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-07-08 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Fluidized bed gasification furnace and gasification system |
| CN112745966A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-05-04 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Circulating fluidized bed gasification device and circulating fluidized bed gasification method |
| CN112760136A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-05-07 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Circulating fluidized bed gasification device and circulating fluidized bed gasification method |
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| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: 210023 No. 6 Wenlan Road, Xianlin University City, Qixia District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: CHINA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIAL & ENERGY ENGINEERING GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 210046 No. 9 Yaohua Menyaojia Road, Qixia District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: China Construction Installation Engineering Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20140611 Termination date: 20211226 |