CN203626906U - Steam Rankine's cycle and low-temperature type organic Rankine's cycle cascaded high-efficiency power generation device - Google Patents
Steam Rankine's cycle and low-temperature type organic Rankine's cycle cascaded high-efficiency power generation device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a steam Rankine's cycle and low-temperature type organic Rankine's cycle cascaded high-efficiency power generation device which comprises a steam Rankine's cycling device and a low-temperature type organic Rankine's cycle device. The steam Rankine's cycle device comprises a high-pressure boiler, a first heat reactive power conversion machine, a condense evaporator and a water pump which are sequentially connected to a loop. The low-temperature type organic Rankine's cycle device comprises a fluid reservoir, a working medium pump, the condense evaporator, a second heat reactive power conversion machine and a condenser which are sequentially connected to another loop. The steam Rankine's cycle and low-temperature type organic Rankine's cycle cascaded high-efficiency power generation device is cascaded, heat in low-temperature exhaust steam of the steam Rankine's cycle device can be effectively utilized, and utilization efficiency of the heat is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to field of electrical equipment, particularly a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus.
Background technique
Power industry is the big power consumer of China's emphasis, and power industry energy consumption accounts for 1/3 of national total energy consumption, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions account for national half.Whole nation national generating capacity 4.7 trillion kilowatt hours in 2011, wherein thermoelectricity generated energy is 3.8 trillion kilowatt hours, because Chinese thermoelectricity is coal electricity substantially, coal electricity accounts for 80% of generating total amount.Within 2011, thermoelectricity consumes primary energy (standard coal) 1,900,000,000 tons, and the coal consumption amount in the whole nation is 35.7 hundred million tons, and the coal consumption of power industry accounts for the more than 50% of national coal consumption total amount.The efficiency that CHINESE COAL electricity changes into electric energy the heat energy of burning is lower, 333 grams of the electric consumption coals of every kilowatt hour of current China, and Denmark is only 269 grams.According to the statistics of International Energy Agency, 967 grams of the electricity discharge carbon dioxide of every kilowatt hour of CHINESE COAL electricity in 2010, with 958 grams of height of comparing of world average level.2010, global CO2 emissions was 302.76 hundred million tons, and China's (containing Hongkong) is 72.586 hundred million tons, accounts for 24% of world's CO2 emission total amount, taking the first place.Coal thermal power generation has not only caused a large amount of consumption of coal, has more caused serious ecological problem.At present, China's sulfur dioxide and CO2 emissions all occupy first place in the world, and east China area surroundings bearing capacity has approached the limit.Have data obvious, eastern and central regions PM2.5 severe overweight, higher than 5～8 times of safety values.How improving the efficiency of thermal power generation, reduce the energy consumption of generating, has been instant problem.
Traditional thermal power plant, take water vapor as working medium, utilizes the water vapour of High Temperature High Pressure that heat energy is transformed into mechanical energy, transforms mechanical energy into electricity again.The equipment of power station, is mainly made up of equipment such as boiler, steam turbine, vapour condenser, water pumps.Its working principle is: feedwater is first sent into boiler after feed water pump pressurization, the superheated vapor of the heated vaporization of water, formation High Temperature High Pressure in boiler, the superheated vapor acting of expanding in steam turbine, become the exhaust steam of low-temp low-pressure, finally enter vapour condenser and be condensed into condensed water, again through water pump, condensed water is sent into boiler and carry out new circulation.The weary gas of finishing merit in steam turbine directly enters into vapour condenser, completes the condensation process of exhaust by direct air cooling or water-cooling pattern.Conventionally exhaust steam in steam turbine is the wet saturated steam of low temperature (32-55 ℃) low pressure (0.005-0.016MPa), condensation latent heat is about 2400kJ/kg, exhaust steam condenses into water in vapour condenser, and be cooled water or air of a large amount of latent heats of vaporization carries, and is discharged in atmosphere environment.In water vapor Rankine cycle, middle pressure generatine set heat efficiency is no more than 40%, the supercritical unit thermal efficiency is no more than 50%, the basic reason that generating efficiency is not high is that acting part can only be utilized the sensible heat of water vapour, and the calorific potential (2400kJ/kg) of more than 50% weary gas that accounts for energy-output ratio as tow taste heat by hyperbola condensing tower diffusing in atmosphere in vain.Because the temperature of exhaust steam is at 32-55 ℃, belong to low grade residual heat, existing technology is difficult to reclaim and utilize, and causes a large amount of thermal loss of power plant.Therefore the more than 50% low-grade condensation latent heat that accounts for energy-output ratio discharging while how effectively utilizing steam condensation in vapour condenser, for improving generating efficiency, has conclusive effect.
Although low-grade latent heat wasting of resources is huge, to recycle and have larger difficulty, its main cause is: the quality of (1) heat of condensation is lower, does not find the method for effectively utilizing; (2) waste heat of recovery condenser, if the original thermal device of boiler is made to larger change, has certain risk; (3) thermal balance question is difficult to tissue, although the efficiency of utilization of cogeneration of heat and power is higher, but be difficult to inner all directly utilization digestion in power station, often need outwards to find suitable hot user, and hot user be only limited to cold period in winter by heat, thereby limited the utilization of recovering condensing heat, particularly in the south of China, owing to there is no the equipment of central heating, be difficult to carry out the enforcement of cogeneration of heat and power, cause the heat of condensation of a large amount of weary gas to slattern in vain.
Organic Rankine circulation (ORC) generating is by utilizing Low Temperature Thermal to heat the working medium that certain boiling point is lower, making it to become high pressure organic steam, and pushing turbine goes to drive generator generating.The same with conventional organic Rankine circulation, formed by condenser/evaporator, steam turbine, condenser and working medium pump, working medium is constantly carried out isobaric heating, adiabatic expansion, isobaric heat release and 4 processes of adiabatic compression in heat power equipment, make heat energy constantly be converted into mechanical energy, then by generator, mechanical energy is converted into the needed electric energy of people.ORC technology has many good qualities than conventional water vapour Rankine cycle, mainly to have higher efficiency aspect recovery Low Temperature Thermal, because sensible heat/condensation latent heat ratio in circulation is unequal, in ORC technology, the condensation latent heat of its working medium is less than the condensation latent heat of water from far away, therefore adopt ORC technology compared with water steam, when its low temperature, thermoelectric conversion efficiency is higher.But existing ORC technology also has its intrinsic shortcoming: in general, existing ORC technology is applicable to 100 ℃ of above Low Temperature Thermals, and 100 ℃ of following thermals source, almost seldom have and relate to.
Therefore, existing organic Rankine circulation (ORC) application of installation is generated electricity in existing thermoelectricity plant, the exhaust steam temperature of condenser need to be heated to more than 100 ℃ high temperature by existing low temperature 32-55 ℃, need to make larger change to original thermal device, need to change condensing steam turbine into back pressure turbine simultaneously, not only there is certain risk, and cause the significantly decline of the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of water vapour Rankine cycle, rising 6-7 ℃ as every in condensing engine temperature, steam turbine conversion efficiency of thermoelectric reduces 1%, if be raised to 100 ℃ from 30 ℃, steam turbine conversion efficiency of thermoelectric reduces by 10% left and right, and the efficiency of organic working medium generating is also approximately 10% left and right at this temperature, cause the efficiency of folded formula power cycle electricity generating device not almost to be greatly improved, this is that water vapor one organic Rankine superposition type power cycle electricity generating device is in the time reclaiming power plant's heat of condensation, the difficult problem that must solve is also that water vapor one organic Rankine superposition type power cycle electricity generating device cannot business-like reason.Therefore, how reasonably to utilize the heat of condensation in steam Rankine cycle thermal power plant, under the prerequisite of design that retains original thermal device, utilize the circulating technology of the ORC of the heat of condensation of the exhaust steam of (32-55 ℃) of low temperature, and then increasing substantially the thermal efficiency of thermodynamic cycle power plant, tool is of great significance undoubtedly.
Model utility content
Model utility object: the purpose of this utility model is to provide steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus that a kind of application is convenient, the thermal efficiency is high.
Technological scheme: a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus that the utility model provides, comprises water vapour Rankine cycle device and low form organic Rankine circulation means; Described water vapour Rankine cycle device comprises the high-pressure autoclave, the first hot merit power-converting machinery, condenser/evaporator and the water pump that are in turn connected into ring; Described low form organic Rankine circulation means comprises the liquid container, working medium pump, condenser/evaporator, the second hot merit power-converting machinery, the condenser that are in turn connected into ring.
As improvement, also comprise the first generator and the second generator, described the first generator is connected with the first hot merit power-converting machinery, and described the second generator is connected with the second hot merit power-converting machinery.
As preferably, the evaporating temperature of described condenser/evaporator is 30-55 ℃.
Preferred as another kind, described low form organic Rankine circulation means adopts that 100 ℃ of critical temperatures are following, the medium of boiling point below-40 ℃ be as cycle fluid.
As further preferably, in the circulation of low form organic Rankine, adopt propane (C
3h
8) or carbon dioxide (CO
2) or the mixture of propane and carbon dioxide as cycle fluid.Adopt such working medium to have advantages of not damage the ozone layer, chemical stabilization, such its setting temperature of working medium is less than the minimum setting temperature of working medium in all loops in equipment circulation simultaneously.
Preferred as another kind, described condenser is water-cooled condenser or air-cooled condenser.
Preferred as another kind, described the first hot merit power-converting machinery is steam turbine or decompressor, and described the second hot merit power-converting machinery is steam turbine or decompressor.
As further preferred, described decompressor is scroll expansion machine, screw type decompressor, centrifugal decompressor or piston expansion engine.
Beneficial effect: steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus that the utility model provides is by water vapor Rankine cycle device and low form organic Rankine circulation means overlapping, the heat of the first hot merit power-converting machinery exhaust of higher level's water vapor Rankine cycle device is not directly used water cooling, but the liquid low boiling working fluid of heating subordinate low form organic Rankine circulation means, produce the higher low boiling working fluid steam of pressure, at the second hot merit power-converting machinery expansion working of low form organic Rankine circulation means, thereby can effectively utilize the heat in water vapor Rankine cycle device low-temperature steam exhaust, greatly improve the utilization ratio of heat.
This device improves more than 10% than traditional thermal power generation efficiency.If the heat of condensation of the thermal power generation in the whole nation all can be recycled, the 4700 hundred million degree electricity that can generate electricity every year, save 1.9 hundred million tons of standard coals.
This device both can having been transformed existing thermal power generation unit, utilize the heat of condensation of existing various large, medium and small heat power stations to come for generating, to improve its generating efficiency, also can be used for design, the construction of newly-built low form organic Rankine circulation-steam Rankine cycle superposition type efficiency power generation unit, applied range, generating efficiency are high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus of the present utility model.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further illustrated.
Steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus, comprises water vapour Rankine cycle device 1 and low form organic Rankine circulation means 2; Water vapour Rankine cycle device 1 comprises the high-pressure autoclave 11, the first hot merit power-converting machinery 12, condenser/evaporator 13 and the water pump 14 that are in turn connected into ring; Low form organic Rankine circulation means 2 comprises the liquid container 21, working medium pump 22, condenser/evaporator 13, the second hot merit power-converting machinery 23, the condenser 24 that are in turn connected into ring; Also comprise that the first generator 15 and the second generator 25, the first generators 15 are connected with the first hot merit power-converting machinery 12, the second generator 25 is connected with the second hot merit power-converting machinery 23.
In the utility model, the evaporating temperature of condenser/evaporator 13 is controlled at 30-55 ℃ by the Choice and design of working medium.
The first hot merit power-converting machinery 12 is steam turbine; Alternatively, also can select the hot merit switch machine of any appropriate; Preferably, can select steam turbine or decompressor, wherein, decompressor includes but not limited to scroll expansion machine, screw type decompressor, centrifugal decompressor and piston expansion engine.
The second hot merit power-converting machinery 23 is steam turbine; Alternatively, also can select the hot merit switch machine of any appropriate; Preferably, can select steam turbine or decompressor, wherein, decompressor includes but not limited to scroll expansion machine, screw type decompressor, centrifugal decompressor and piston expansion engine.
The working principle of this device is: in water vapour Rankine cycle device 1, the superheated vapor of high-pressure autoclave (11) High Temperature High Pressure out, enters the first hot merit power-converting machinery 12 and drive the first generator 15 to generate electricity; The first hot merit power-converting machinery 12 exhaust steam is out by the road by being condensed into water of condensation by low-temperature receiver pipeline after the thermal source pipeline in condenser/evaporator 13, and water of condensation enters high-pressure autoclave (11) through feed water pump 14, completes water vapour Rankine cycle; In low form organic Rankine circulation means 2, liquid lower boiling cycle fluid is delivered to from liquid container 21 by working medium pump (22) after the low-temperature receiver pipeline of condenser/evaporator (13), be heated into cycle fluid steam by thermal source pipeline, in the second hot merit power-converting machinery 23, drive the second generator 25 to generate electricity, the exhaust steam of getting rid of from the second hot merit power-converting machinery 23 is through the liquid cycle fluid of the cooling formation of condenser and deliver to liquid container 21 and complete low temperature organic Rankine circulation.
This device has following characteristics:
(1) first carry out water vapor Rankine top circulating generation;
(2) under the prerequisite of design that retains original thermal device, the driving heat source that the heat of condensation of the weary gas of water vapor Rankine top circulation is directly circulated as organic Rankine;
(3) driving heat source is by condenser/evaporator, and the cycle fluid that heat is passed to organic Rankine circulation is low boiling working fluid, makes it produce high pressure steam and promotes hot merit power-converting machinery, drives generator generating.
Said apparatus is generated electricity under different condition.
Application example one, the evaporating temperature of condenser/evaporator 13 is 55 ℃, and it is 30 ℃ that condenser 24 adopts water-cooled condenser, condensing temperature, and low form organic Rankine circulation means adopts propane as cycle fluid.
Wherein the generating efficiency of water vapour Rankine cycle device 1 is 36%, and the generating efficiency of low form organic Rankine circulation means 2 is 10%, and the total generating efficiency of this device is 46%.
Application example two, the evaporating temperature of condenser/evaporator 13 is 40 ℃, it is 20 ℃ that condenser (24) adopts water-cooled condenser, condensing temperature, and the propane that low form organic Rankine circulation means employing volume ratio is 1:1 and the mixture of liquid carbon dioxide are as cycle fluid.
Wherein the generating efficiency of water vapour Rankine cycle device 1 is 38%, and the generating efficiency of low form organic Rankine circulation means 2 is 10%, and the total generating efficiency of this device is 48%.
Application example three, the evaporating temperature of condenser/evaporator 13 is 30 ℃, and it is 0 ℃ that condenser (24) adopts air-cooled condenser, condensing temperature, and low form organic Rankine circulation means adopts carbon dioxide as cycle fluid.
Wherein the generating efficiency of water vapour Rankine cycle device 1 is 40%, and the generating efficiency of low form organic Rankine circulation means 2 is 10%, and the total generating efficiency of this device is 50%; This device is suitable for northern cold area.
Above is only specific embodiment of the utility model, and temperature range in addition, can design working medium according to the height of the temperature of waste heat, adjusts the ratio of each component, to reach the highest hot merit conversion efficiency and heat recovery rate.In example, adopt the comparison of working medium and advise that applicable waste heat supply temperature is as table 1.
Table 1 low form organic Rankine follows the characteristic of working medium
Disclosed is above only specific embodiment of the utility model; but the utility model is not limited thereto; in addition; the utility model can also other modes be realized; do not departing under the prerequisite of the utility model design and model utility spirit, any apparent modification and replacement are all within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus, is characterized in that: comprise water vapour Rankine cycle device (1) and low form organic Rankine circulation means (2); Described water vapour Rankine cycle device (1) comprises the high-pressure autoclave (11), the first hot merit power-converting machinery (12), condenser/evaporator (13) and the water pump (14) that are in turn connected into ring; Described low form organic Rankine circulation means (2) comprises the liquid container (21), working medium pump (22), condenser/evaporator (13), the second hot merit power-converting machinery (23), the condenser (24) that are in turn connected into ring.
2. a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise the first generator (15) and the second generator (25), described the first generator (15) is connected with the first hot merit power-converting machinery (12), and described the second generator (25) is connected with the second hot merit power-converting machinery (23).
3. a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the evaporating temperature of described condenser/evaporator (13) is 30-55 ℃.
4. a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described low form organic Rankine circulation means (2) adopts that 100 ℃ of critical temperatures are following, the medium of boiling point below-40 ℃ be as cycle fluid.
5. a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described cycle fluid is selected from the one in propane and carbon dioxide.
6. a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described condenser (24) is water-cooled condenser or air-cooled condenser.
7. a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the first hot merit power-converting machinery (12) is steam turbine or decompressor, and described the second hot merit power-converting machinery (23) is steam turbine or decompressor.
8. a kind of steam Rankine cycle-low form organic Rankine circulation superposition type efficient generating apparatus according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described decompressor is scroll expansion machine, screw type decompressor, centrifugal decompressor or piston expansion engine.
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| CN104018901A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-03 | 中节能工业节能有限公司 | Natural gas, pressure energy and cold energy combined power generation system |
| CN106194302A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 航天晨光股份有限公司 | A kind of LNG cold energy utilization system and method |
| CN106224023A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-14 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of combined cycle indirect air cooling system |
| CN106285808A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 航天晨光股份有限公司 | A kind of cold energy of liquefied natural gas utilization system and method |
| CN106481376A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-08 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of device and method of utilization air cooling unit exhaust steam cogeneration |
| CN108343482A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-07-31 | 北京华清微拓节能技术股份公司 | Birotor expanding machine is connected the device for generating power by waste heat of organic Rankine cycle expansion machine |
| CN108412565A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-08-17 | 天津城建大学 | CO2Organic Rankine Cycle and combustion in IC engine natural gas coupled electricity-generation system |
| CN108603418A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-09-28 | 克里米昂股份公司 | Heat recovery system and using heat recovery system by hot-cast socket at the method for electric energy |
| CN110553240A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | 新疆北方建设集团有限公司 | Rankine cycle device and method thereof |
| CN114251141A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-03-29 | 成都佳灵绿色能源有限责任公司 | Zero-carbon cold power generator and power generation method thereof |
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| CN104018901B (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-07-08 | 中节能工业节能有限公司 | Natural gas, pressure energy and cold energy combined power generation system |
| CN104018901A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-03 | 中节能工业节能有限公司 | Natural gas, pressure energy and cold energy combined power generation system |
| CN108603418A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-09-28 | 克里米昂股份公司 | Heat recovery system and using heat recovery system by hot-cast socket at the method for electric energy |
| US10400634B2 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2019-09-03 | Climeon Ab | Heat recovery system and a method using a heat recovery system to convert heat into electrical energy |
| CN108603418B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2019-07-02 | 克里米昂股份公司 | Heat recovery system and using heat recovery system by hot-cast socket at the method for electric energy |
| CN106224023A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-14 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of combined cycle indirect air cooling system |
| CN106224023B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2019-02-05 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of combined cycle indirect air cooling system |
| CN106285808A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 航天晨光股份有限公司 | A kind of cold energy of liquefied natural gas utilization system and method |
| CN106194302B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-07-10 | 航天晨光股份有限公司 | A kind of LNG cold energy utilization system and method |
| CN106285808B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-09 | 航天晨光股份有限公司 | A kind of cold energy of liquefied natural gas utilization system and method |
| CN106194302A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 航天晨光股份有限公司 | A kind of LNG cold energy utilization system and method |
| CN106481376A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-08 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of device and method of utilization air cooling unit exhaust steam cogeneration |
| CN108343482A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-07-31 | 北京华清微拓节能技术股份公司 | Birotor expanding machine is connected the device for generating power by waste heat of organic Rankine cycle expansion machine |
| CN108412565A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-08-17 | 天津城建大学 | CO2Organic Rankine Cycle and combustion in IC engine natural gas coupled electricity-generation system |
| CN110553240A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | 新疆北方建设集团有限公司 | Rankine cycle device and method thereof |
| CN114251141A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-03-29 | 成都佳灵绿色能源有限责任公司 | Zero-carbon cold power generator and power generation method thereof |
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