CN203587663U - Current sensor - Google Patents
Current sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN203587663U CN203587663U CN201320706404.3U CN201320706404U CN203587663U CN 203587663 U CN203587663 U CN 203587663U CN 201320706404 U CN201320706404 U CN 201320706404U CN 203587663 U CN203587663 U CN 203587663U
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- current
- conductor
- electrical conductor
- current sensor
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Abstract
Disclosed is a current sensor. The current sensor is characterized by comprising an electric conductor (1) and electrodes (2). Contact points between the two electrodes (2) and the electric conductor (1) are distributed on a plane vertical to the current direction and fixed to different positions away from the axis of the electric conductor (1). A voltage signal between the two electrodes (2) is led out from lead wires of the electrodes. An output voltage signal is proportional to the square of a current. The novel current sensor can measure DC, AC and transient current within a large range.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of current sensor; current measurement and controlling party mask at power supply and converting equipment have specific use; also current measurement, control, calibration and overcurrent protection and the monitoring of industrial products and equipment be can be widely used in, measurement, control and the protection of the large electric currents of industry such as a railway car momentary current detection and metal smelt and chemical industry comprised.
Background technology
Current sense and measurement are the research topics relating generally in engineering and scientific research, as current measurement and the control of power supply and converting equipment, the current measurement of industrial products and equipment, control, calibration and overcurrent protection and monitoring.Traditional current sensor has electric-resistivity method, the current sensor based on Hall effect and the fibre optic current sensor based on Faraday effect at present.Electric-resistivity method is used simple, is that a resistance is connected in circuit, and according to Ohm law (Ohm ' s law), the difference of the electromotive force that resistance in series two is disconnected is proportional to the electric current passing through.Adopt electric-resistivity method to need electrical conductor in series with a resistor, the in the situation that of large electric current because resistance heating produces large power consumption.Current sensor based on Hall effect simple in structure but temperature characterisitic is not good, is subject to large, the large electric current of impact of temperature drift to cause iron core magnetic saturation.Fibre optic current sensor based on Faraday effect is subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI) little but be subject to the impact of temperature drift large, and complex structure, and cost is higher, and existing market is the fibre optic current sensor of rare maturation also.Current sensor based on Hall effect and the fibre optic current sensor based on Faraday effect are active sensor, need power supply during work.The authorized a kind of piezoelectric current sensor (patent No.: 2001120038603.2) based on the deformation of electrical conductor pressurized of this technological invention people, adopt piezoelectric device to measure conductor deformation and electrical conductor electric current, there is simple in structure, high insulation isolation, be subject to that electromagnetic interference (EMI) is little, the feature of good temp characteristic, for a kind of passive electrical flow sensor, but this technology can not be for measuring DC current.The development of high power DC power transmission line great current sensor is still the problem that needs solution in electrical engineering.
The utility model provides a kind of passive electrical flow sensor, have simple in structure, without magnetically saturated feature, can in large scope, measure direct current, alternation and transient current.
Summary of the invention
The utility model provides a kind of current sensor, based on electric current, in conductor inside, produces the magnetic field perpendicular to direction of current.In conductor, the cultivation of motion stream is subject to the effect due to Lorentz (Lorentz) power that magnetic field causes, plants the electronic service guide surface of stream and moves, thereby form radial electric field in conductor.In the plane of vertical current direction, electrical conductor center radially to the difference of electromotive force between conductive surface be proportional to by conductor current square.
The utility model provides a kind of passive electrical flow sensor electrical conductor and electrode to form.The difference that is fixed on two interelectrode electromotive force in electrical conductor surface and conductor by measurement is determined the electric current by conductor.The measurement range of this New type of current sensor is wide, the response time is short, can detect conventional current sensor non-detectable large direct current and exchange current, for current measurement and the control of high power power supply and converting equipment provides a kind of robust techniques means.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following channels:
A kind of current sensor, it is characterized in that: current sensor is comprised of electrical conductor and electrode, the contact point of two electrodes and electrical conductor is distributed in the plane perpendicular to direction of current, and be fixed on from the position of the axis different distance of conductor, voltage signal between two electrodes is drawn by the lead-in wire on electrode, square being directly proportional of the voltage signal of output and electric current.
Further, electrical conductor can be respectively column, band shape and tubular.In the situation that electrical conductor is tubular, the contact point of two electrodes and electrical conductor is distributed in the inside and outside both sides of tubular electrical conductor.
Principle of the present utility model is as follows:
Principle of the present utility model is in the inner magnetic field producing perpendicular to direction of current of conductor based on electric current.The electronics of motion is subject to the effect of the Lorentz force that causes due to magnetic field in conductor, electronic service guide surface is moved, thereby form radial electric field.In the plane of vertical current direction, electrical conductor from axis radially to the difference of electromotive force between conductive surface be proportional to by conductor current square.
If electric current
iby a long conductor, loop
caround this conductive surface, the cross-sectional area of conductor of its encirclement amasss and is
s, and the normal direction in cross section is parallel with direction of current, as shown in Figure 1.Current density in wire
jequal
i/
s.According to Biot-Savart law (Biot-Savart law), electric current produces magnetic field in Inside and Outside of Conductor, and magnetic direction is perpendicular to direction of current.At conductive surface, magnetic induction density
b along loop
cintegration by Ampère circuital theorem (Ampere's circuital law), provided:
In formula
μ 0for permeability of vacuum.The scalar form of above formula is
In formula
αfor vector
b with
d
l between angle.Current density in wire
jwith electron concentration
nspeed with electronics
νrelevant, its relational expression is:
In formula
qelectric charge for electron institute band.Because magnetic direction is perpendicular to direction of current, the electronics therefore moving along direction of current is subject to Lorentz force
q ν Beffect, electronic service guide surface is moved, thereby forms radial electric field
e .Act on the electric field force on electronics
qEand Lorentz force
q ν Bopposite direction, under equilibrium condition, the equal and opposite in direction of two effects, that is:
qE=
q ν B, or:
e=
ν B.Equation (2) becomes with this understanding:
。(4)
Polar coordinates (
θ,
r) in system, differential
dlbe expressed as
r(
θ)
d θ, so equation (4) can be written as:
In integration item
er(
θ) cos (
α) representative Electromotive Difference Of Potential radially
u(
θ). associating equation (3), (5) and
j=
i/
s, we obtain:
。(6)
Each radially average Electromotive Difference Of Potential is
By formula (7), can be found out, electrical conductor from axis radially to the difference of electromotive force between conductive surface be proportional to by conductor current square.Electrode is fixed in electrical conductor surface and body, and the voltage between two electrodes is output after instrument amplifier signal amplifies.In this passive electrical flow sensor, by measuring radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential, can determine the electric current by conductor.
If energising is led as ferromagnetic material (Fe, Co, Ni and alloy thereof), its magnetic permeability
μmuch larger than permeability of vacuum (
μ=
μ 0 μ r,
μ rfor relative permeability).The relative permeability of common metal conductor is
μ r≈ 1.Due to the relative permeability of ferromagnetic material very high (for pure iron,
μ r≈ 5000), therefore under the condition of same current and conductor physical dimension, in ferromagnetic material radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential much larger than other conductor material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is Electric Field Distribution schematic diagram radially in electrical conductor;
Fig. 2 is radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential measurement mechanism structural representation of column electrical conductor;
Fig. 3 is radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential measurement mechanism structural representation of tubular electrical conductor;
Fig. 4 is radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential measurement mechanism structural representation of banded electrical conductor.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of passive electrical flow sensor is comprised of cylindric electrical conductor 1 and electrode 2, as shown in Figure 2, two electrodes 2 are distributed in the plane perpendicular to direction of current with the contact point of electrical conductor 1, and be fixed on the position of the axis different distance of conductor 1, the voltage signal between two electrodes 2 is drawn by the lead-in wire on electrode.The radius of cylindric electrical conductor 1 is
r.Tangential magnetic field on cylindrical conductor circumference is perpendicular to direction of current, and the size of magnetic induction density is
Radially the pass between Electromotive Difference Of Potential and electric current is
By a given current value, also measure with this understanding radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential, can demarcate
uwith
i 2between proportionality constant
μ 0/ (2 π
2 qnr 2).Complete after demarcation, by measuring radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential, can determine the electric current by conductor.In order to eliminate the interference of external magnetic field, can put in the position of electrode outlet line a ferrite core.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of passive electrical flow sensor is comprised of cylindric electrical conductor 1 and electrode 2, and as shown in Figure 3, two electrodes 2 and the contact point of electrical conductor 1 are distributed in the inside and outside both sides of tubular electrical conductor 1, and the voltage signal between two electrodes 2 is drawn by the lead-in wire on electrode.Internal diameter and the external diameter of cylindrical conductor 1 are respectively
r 1with
r 2.Voltage between two electrodes 2 and the pass between electrical current are
By a given current value, also measure with this understanding radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential, can demarcate
uwith
i 2between proportionality constant
μ 0/ [2 π
2 qn(
r 2 2-
r 1 2)].Complete after demarcation, by measuring radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential, can determine the electric current by conductor.In order to eliminate the interference of external magnetic field, can put in the position of electrode outlet line a ferrite core.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of passive electrical flow sensor is comprised of banded electrical conductor 1 and electrode 2, as shown in Figure 4, two electrodes 2 are distributed in the plane perpendicular to direction of current with the contact point of electrical conductor 1, and be fixed on the position of the axis different distance of conductor 1, the voltage signal between two electrodes 2 is drawn by the lead-in wire on electrode.By a given current value, also measure with this understanding radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential, can demarcate
uwith
i 2between proportionality constant.By measuring radially Electromotive Difference Of Potential, can determine the electric current by conductor.In order to eliminate the interference of external magnetic field, can put in the position of electrode outlet line a ferrite core.
A kind of current sensor that the utility model provides, have simple in structure, without magnetically saturated feature, can in large scope, measure direct current, alternation and transient current.
Claims (4)
1. a current sensor, it is characterized in that: current sensor is comprised of electrical conductor (1) and electrode (2), two electrodes (2) are distributed in the plane perpendicular to direction of current with the contact point of electrical conductor (1), and be fixed on the position of the axis different distance of conductor (1), the voltage signal between two electrodes (2) is drawn by the lead-in wire on electrode.
2. a kind of current sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: electrical conductor (1) is column.
3. a kind of current sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: electrical conductor (1) is for banded.
4. a kind of current sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: electrical conductor (1) is tubular, and the contact point of two electrodes (2) and electrical conductor (1) is distributed in the inside and outside both sides of tubular electrical conductor (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320706404.3U CN203587663U (en) | 2013-11-10 | 2013-11-10 | Current sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320706404.3U CN203587663U (en) | 2013-11-10 | 2013-11-10 | Current sensor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203587663U true CN203587663U (en) | 2014-05-07 |
Family
ID=50585563
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320706404.3U Withdrawn - After Issue CN203587663U (en) | 2013-11-10 | 2013-11-10 | Current sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN203587663U (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103558443A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-05 | 谭成忠 | Electric current transducer |
| CN104465057A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-03-25 | 谭成忠 | Drum-type conductor current transformer |
| CN104502689A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-08 | 谭成忠 | Current sensor without conductor connection |
-
2013
- 2013-11-10 CN CN201320706404.3U patent/CN203587663U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103558443A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-05 | 谭成忠 | Electric current transducer |
| CN103558443B (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2016-08-17 | 谭成忠 | A kind of current sensor |
| CN104465057A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-03-25 | 谭成忠 | Drum-type conductor current transformer |
| CN104465057B (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2016-06-22 | 谭成忠 | A kind of tubular conductor current transformer |
| CN104502689A (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-08 | 谭成忠 | Current sensor without conductor connection |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20140507 Effective date of abandoning: 20160817 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |