CN203561516U - IK grade and manipulator detection platform for low voltage metering box - Google Patents
IK grade and manipulator detection platform for low voltage metering box Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN203561516U CN203561516U CN201320724912.4U CN201320724912U CN203561516U CN 203561516 U CN203561516 U CN 203561516U CN 201320724912 U CN201320724912 U CN 201320724912U CN 203561516 U CN203561516 U CN 203561516U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- metering box
- low
- support
- pressure metering
- mechanical arm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002789 length control Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides an IK grade and manipulator detection platform for a low voltage metering box. The IK grade and manipulator detection platform comprises a fixing platform, an impact support, a telescoping supporting rod and a steel angular object, the fixing platform comprises a rectangular flat plate parallel to the ground, the impact support is a support of a portal frame structure fixed on the fixing platform and vertical to the fixing platform, one end of the telescoping supporting rod is connected with the support at the upper end of the impact support with the portal frame structure and parallel to the ground, the other end of the telescoping supporting rod is connected with the steel angular object, the low voltage metering box is fixed on the fixing platform and arranged parallel to the impact support with the portal frame structure, one end of the telescoping supporting rod is fixed on the impact support, and when the other end of the telescoping supporting rod moves, the steel angular object hits on the low voltage metering box according to the operation track of the telescoping supporting rod so that an IK grade test for the low voltage metering box is performed. The detection platform can accomplish IK grade tests, impact load tests, door performance tests, lock performance tests and electrical switch service lifetime tests of the low voltage metering box.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of low-temperature measurement boxes detecting device, specifically relates to a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade and mechanical arm detection platform.
Background technology
Low-pressure metering box running environment is complicated, general exposed outdoor, affected by Changes in weather larger, affects its stable, safe operation.This batch meter is different from again general low voltage complete set, and it is not only the first line of defence of New Generation of Intelligent electricity meter, is also while being short-circuited the accidents such as fault, propagation of flame, guarantees the first line of defence of user's life, property safety.Under hot environment, the low-pressure metering box of long-term work breaks down because of aging contactor, the earth leakage protective device of easily causing; the batch meter causing because the selection of material is improper gets rusty; the batch meter that short trouble causes burns and electric leakage accident happens occasionally; not only brought directly, economic loss indirectly, but also there is potential safety hazard.
Although existing low-voltage complete switch equipment and opertaing device standard GB7251 series: as GB7251.1 < < low-voltage complete Ji is closed equipment and opertaing device part 1: type approval test and part type approval test set of equipments > >, GB7251.3 < < low-voltage complete switch equipment and opertaing device the 3rd part: the specific (special) requirements > > of low-voltage complete switch equipment and the opertaing device that can enter place to layman---panel and GB7251.5 < < low-voltage complete switch equipment and opertaing device the 5th part: to all having stipulated the mechanical property that low-pressure metering box need to carry out in the specific (special) requirements > > of utility network electric distribution set of equipments, material property, the detailed content of the test such as electric property and electric switch performance, and mechanical test content device is advised and illustrated, the utility model people finds that through long-term a large amount of observation being badly in need of at present a kind of mechanical property to low-pressure metering box carries out fast, accurately, simply, automatic and intelligent monitoring device.
Utility model content
For meeting the needs of prior art, the utility model provides a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade and mechanical arm detection platform, and described detection platform comprises stationary platform, impacts support, telescopic support struts and steel horn;
Described stationary platform comprises the rectangular flat plate that is parallel to ground, described impact support is the support that is fixed on gantry structure vertical with described stationary platform in described stationary platform, described telescopic support struts one end connects described gantry structure and impacts support upper end support parallel to the ground, and the other end connects described steel horn;
Described low-pressure metering box is fixed in described stationary platform, impacting support with described gantry structure be arranged in parallel, described telescopic support struts one end is fixed on described impact support, described in other end when motion, steel horn strikes on described low-pressure metering box according to the running orbit of described telescopic support struts, and described low-pressure metering box carried out to the test of IK grade.
In the first preferred embodiment that the utility model provides: described stationary platform is utilized industrial die support, processes U-shaped groove with industrial milling machine, adopt fixedly low-pressure metering box of nut or expansion bolt simulated hanging formula;
Described impact support is processed by industrial square steel, according to rigidity support structure designs gantry structure;
Described telescopic support struts is used and is embraced latch mechanism.
In the second preferred embodiment that the utility model provides: described steel horn is anterior is the cone shape of hemispherical back for being connected with this semisphere coupling, and hemispheric diameter is 2.5mm, and the drift angle of cone is 22 °.
In the 3rd preferred embodiment that the utility model provides: described detection platform also comprises a performance mechanical arm, lock performance mechanical arm, switch life mechanical arm, and described low-pressure metering box is carried out to a performance test, lock performance test and switch life test;
Described door performance mechanical arm adopts stepper motor, single-chip microcomputer and stainless steel support member to form the operation that intelligence opens and closes the chamber door of described low-pressure metering box;
Described lock performance mechanical arm is realized low-pressure metering box lock performance test by controlling the torsion of the lock of described low-pressure metering box;
Described switch life manipulator control air pressure pump and pushing ram are realized the disjunction of low-pressure metering box electric switch and are connected Performance Detection.
In the 4th preferred embodiment that the utility model provides: described detection platform comprises angle orientation guide rail;
Described angle orientation guide rail is arranged on the junction of described telescopic support struts and described impact support, by controlling described angle orientation guide rail, realizes the movement locus of controlling described telescopic support struts, realizes differing heights point and clashes into low-pressure metering box.
In the 5th preferred embodiment that the utility model provides: described detection platform comprises electric control operation cabinet;
Described electric control operation cabinet comprises impact telescopic support struts angle initialization unit, frequency and number of times control module, telescopic support struts length control module and the display unit of microprocessor and described microprocessor control linkage;
Described in described electric control operation cabinet control linkage, impact support, telescopic support struts, angle orientation guide rail and door performance mechanical arm, lock performance mechanical arm and switch life mechanical arm.
A kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade that the utility model provides and the beneficial effect of mechanical arm detection platform comprise:
1, the utility model provides a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade and mechanical arm detection platform, can complete the test of low-pressure metering box IK grade and door, lock, switch performance detection test etc., comprise and can complete low-pressure metering box scragging, door performance test, lock performance test and electric switch durability test.
2, the fixing low-pressure metering box of rigidity supporting mechanism, farthest adapts to the low-pressure metering box of different size.Automatic telescopic link, angle locater etc. can complete applying of impact energy, the personnel's that greatly simplify the operation work accurately, automatically simultaneously.
3, by electric cabinet, operate pendulum and play pendulum, locking and put pendulum, strengthened the security of scragging, smooth, the safety of warranty test process are carried out.The operate miss that can avoid misoperation to bring, strengthens the standard row of testing simultaneously.
4, use mechanical arm to complete the durability test of low-temperature measurement chamber door, lock and electric switch, avoided operating personnel to carry out repetitive operation, the running time and the personnel that have greatly reduced test drop into, and also strengthen operability and the reliability of test.
5, adopt advanced Long-distance Control mode, strengthened the automaticity of low-pressure metering box mechanical test, the danger and the personnel that reduce test drop into.There is higher reliability and economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Be illustrated in figure 1 a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade that the utility model provides and the structural representation of mechanical arm detection platform;
Be illustrated in figure 2 the structural representation of the steel horn of a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade that the utility model provides and mechanical arm detection platform;
Be illustrated in figure 3 the structural representation of the electric control operation cabinet of a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade that the utility model provides and mechanical arm detection platform;
Be illustrated in figure 4 a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade that the utility model provides and the course of work process flow diagram of mechanical arm detection platform.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail below.
The utility model provides a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade and mechanical arm detection platform, can complete the test of low-pressure metering box IK grade and door, lock, switch performance etc. and detect test.Be illustrated in figure 1 the structural representation of this detection platform, as shown in Figure 1, this detection platform comprises stationary platform, impacts support, telescopic support struts and steel horn.
Stationary platform comprises the rectangular flat plate that is parallel to ground, impacting support is the support that is fixed on gantry structure vertical with stationary platform in stationary platform, telescopic support struts one end connects gantry structure and impacts support upper end support parallel to the ground, and the other end connects steel horn.
Low-pressure metering box is fixed in stationary platform, impacting support with gantry structure be arranged in parallel, telescopic support struts one end is fixed on this steel horn while impacting on support other end motion and strikes on low-pressure metering box according to the running orbit of telescopic support struts, and this low-pressure metering box carried out to the test of IK grade.
Further, stationary platform is utilized industrial die support, adopts fixedly low-pressure metering box of nut or expansion bolt simulated hanging formula, with industrial milling machine, processes U-shaped groove, farthest adapts to the low-pressure metering box fixed form of different size.
Impact support and processed by industrial square steel, according to rigidity support structure designs gantry structure, meet absorption and the buffering of impact energy, farthest avoid rocking and swinging generation, thus impact applying low-pressure metering box impulsive force.
Telescopic support struts use to be embraced a latch mechanism, must demand regulates the length of pole, guarantees to meet the different shock point demands that IK impulse test requires.
The structure of steel horn as shown in Figure 2, as shown in Figure 2, this steel horn anterior for hemispherical back be to mate with this semisphere the cone shape being connected, hemispheric diameter is 2.5mm, the drift angle of cone is 22 °, this steel horn is according to standard-required, meets the rammer of angle and quality requirements, can guarantee that applying with impact effect of impulsive force meets national standard.
The test of low-pressure metering box IK grade is that batch meter housing is fixed on rigid support, selects anti-collision level IK10 (grade code is shown in IK), to each structure position of shell, applies respective impact load.Each exposed face that full-size is no more than to the normal use of 1m impacts three times; Each exposed face that full-size is surpassed to the normal use of 1m impacts five times, and the minimum jolt capacity that can bear is 20J.
Relation between table 1IK code and Impact energy
The steel horn that is 5kg by quality makes it fall while rising to the height of 0.4m again, each face of impactometer measuring tank, and energy is 20J.
This detection platform also comprises a performance mechanical arm, lock performance mechanical arm, switch life mechanical arm, and low-pressure metering box is carried out to a performance test, lock performance test and switch life test.
Door performance mechanical arm adopts stepper motor, single-chip microcomputer and stainless steel support member to form intelligence and the operation such as opens, cuts out, and meets standard-required, realizes the adjustable door automatic open-close test of angle.
Lock performance mechanical arm adopts Based Intelligent Control, realizes the torsion function of lock, realizes low-pressure metering box lock performance test.
Switch life mechanical arm uses air pressure pump and pushing ram, realizes the disjunction of low-pressure metering box electric switch and connects performance test, can, by demand gauge tap number of times, complete the opening/closing frequency of standard-required.
The door performance test of low-pressure metering box and lock performance test, be with reference to standard GB/T 10963, GB/T25293-2010, and twisting resistance and the number of torsions of test lock, comprise by mechanical arm the contact engaging and separating force of key is tested, the angled switching test of opposite house etc.In test, locking bolt (tongue) should have enough intensity, while normally using, must not be out of shape or damage; When key operated and locking, should be flexible, without catching phenomenon; Axial static pulling force when key is extracted is not more than 5N, and after door, lock, switching manipulation 50 times, it is normal that its function maintains.
Table 2 locking bolt hole dimension contrasts with torsional forces
Preferably, a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade and mechanical arm detection platform that the utility model provides also comprise angle orientation guide rail and electric control operation cabinet, angle orientation guide rail is arranged on telescopic support struts and the junction of impacting support, by controlling this angle orientation guide rail, can control the movement locus of telescopic support struts, realize differing heights point and clash into low-pressure metering box.
The structural representation of electric control operation cabinet as shown in Figure 3, as shown in Figure 3, this electric control operation cabinet comprises impact telescopic support struts angle initialization unit, frequency and number of times control module, telescopic support struts length control module and the display unit of microprocessor and microprocessor control linkage, and this electric control operation cabinet control linkage is impacted support, telescopic support struts, angle orientation guide rail and door performance mechanical arm, lock performance mechanical arm and switch life mechanical arm.
Concrete, be illustrated in figure 4 a kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade that the utility model provides and the course of work process flow diagram of mechanical arm detection platform, as shown in Figure 4, the method comprises:
Step 1, is placed in stationary platform by low-pressure metering box.
For coordinating low-pressure metering box position microprocessor to control impact support, in stationary platform, move horizontally if desired.
Step 2, microprocessor receives the test type that user selects, if test type is door performance test, lock performance test and switch life test, performs step 3, if test type is the test of IK grade, performs step 5.
Step 3, according to test type, microprocessor control gate performance mechanical arm, lock performance mechanical arm or switch life mechanical arm, display module selects prompting, lock number of torsions and operating frequency to select prompting or switch disjunction number of times operating frequency to select prompting to user's show gate angle and operating frequency under the control of microprocessor, microprocessor receives the result that user selects, execution step 4.
Step 4, the result of selecting according to user is carried out a performance test, lock performance test or switch life test, the next test operation order of wait after completing to low-pressure metering box.
Step 5, display module shows that to user length of telescopic bar is selected to point out, impact energy is selected prompting and frequency and selection of times prompting under the control of microprocessor, microprocessor receives user's the selection of demonstration impact energy and frequency and selection of times selection result, execution step 6.
Concrete, user can select length of telescopic bar and angle according to the specification of detected low-pressure metering box, determines impact energy and shock point.Each test should comprise the once shock at the position that is considered to the weakest on each vertical plane that can see when the normal use location set of equipments.Available different shell is clashed in each test.
Step 6, the impact energy selection result that microprocessor is selected according to user is calculated telescopic support struts angle, and frequency and the selection of times result according to user, selected are carried out the test of IK grade, the next test operation order of wait after completing.
Concrete, the angle of telescopic support struts is the angle of telescopic support struts direction perpendicular to the ground, the telescopic support struts angle initialization unit of electric control operation cabinet comprises interconnective angle controller and motor, motor is connected with telescopic support struts, angle controller arranges angle orientation guide rail according to the telescopic support struts angle calculating, and motor is realized rising the locking after arriving set angle of telescopic support struts according to angle orientation guide rail.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that the technical solution of the utility model is not intended to limit, although the utility model is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify or be equal to replacement embodiment of the present utility model, and do not depart from any modification of the utility model spirit and scope or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. low-pressure metering box IK grade and a mechanical arm detection platform, is characterized in that, described detection platform comprises stationary platform, impacts support, telescopic support struts and steel horn;
Described stationary platform comprises the rectangular flat plate that is parallel to ground, described impact support is the support that is fixed on gantry structure vertical with described stationary platform in described stationary platform, described telescopic support struts one end connects described gantry structure and impacts support upper end support parallel to the ground, and the other end connects described steel horn;
Described low-pressure metering box is fixed in described stationary platform, be arranged in parallel with the impact support of described gantry structure, described telescopic support struts one end is fixed on described impact support, described in other end when motion, steel horn strikes on described low-pressure metering box according to the running orbit of described telescopic support struts, and described low-pressure metering box carried out to the test of IK grade.
2. detection platform as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described stationary platform is utilized industrial die support, with industrial milling machine, processes U-shaped groove, adopts fixedly low-pressure metering box of nut or expansion bolt simulated hanging formula;
Described impact support is processed by industrial square steel, according to rigidity support structure designs gantry structure;
Described telescopic support struts is used and is embraced latch mechanism.
3. detection platform as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described steel horn is anterior, and for hemispherical back is the cone shape being connected with described semisphere coupling, the diameter of described hemisphere is 2.5mm, and the drift angle of cone is 22 °.
4. detection platform as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described detection platform comprises a performance mechanical arm, lock performance mechanical arm, switch life mechanical arm, and described low-pressure metering box is carried out to a performance test, lock performance test and switch life test;
Described door performance mechanical arm adopts stepper motor, single-chip microcomputer and stainless steel support member to form, and carries out the operation of the chamber door that opens and closes described low-pressure metering box;
Described lock performance mechanical arm is realized low-pressure metering box lock performance test by controlling the torsion of the lock of described low-pressure metering box;
Described switch life manipulator control air pressure pump and pushing ram are realized the disjunction of described low-pressure metering box electric switch and are connected Performance Detection.
5. detection platform as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described detection platform comprises angle orientation guide rail;
Described angle orientation guide rail is arranged on the junction of described telescopic support struts and described impact support, by controlling described angle orientation guide rail, realizes the movement locus of controlling described telescopic support struts, realizes differing heights point and clashes into low-pressure metering box.
6. detection platform as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described detection platform comprises electric control operation cabinet;
Described electric control operation cabinet comprises impact telescopic support struts angle initialization unit, frequency and number of times control module, telescopic support struts length control module and the display unit of microprocessor and described microprocessor control linkage;
Described in described electric control operation cabinet control linkage, impact support, telescopic support struts, angle orientation guide rail and door performance mechanical arm, lock performance mechanical arm and switch life mechanical arm.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201320724912.4U CN203561516U (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | IK grade and manipulator detection platform for low voltage metering box |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201320724912.4U CN203561516U (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | IK grade and manipulator detection platform for low voltage metering box |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN203561516U true CN203561516U (en) | 2014-04-23 |
Family
ID=50511231
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201320724912.4U Expired - Lifetime CN203561516U (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | IK grade and manipulator detection platform for low voltage metering box |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN203561516U (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103712810A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-04-09 | 国家电网公司 | Low voltage metering box IK level and manipulator detection platform |
CN107677415A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-02-09 | 郑州拽亘电子科技有限公司 | A kind of torque wrench device |
CN107764469A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-03-06 | 郑州东辰科技有限公司 | Torque spanner calibrating installation and its bolt simulator |
-
2013
- 2013-11-18 CN CN201320724912.4U patent/CN203561516U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103712810A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-04-09 | 国家电网公司 | Low voltage metering box IK level and manipulator detection platform |
CN107677415A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-02-09 | 郑州拽亘电子科技有限公司 | A kind of torque wrench device |
CN107764469A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-03-06 | 郑州东辰科技有限公司 | Torque spanner calibrating installation and its bolt simulator |
CN107764469B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2023-11-14 | 河南鑫亮建设工程有限公司 | Torque spanner calibrating device and bolt simulator thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN203561516U (en) | IK grade and manipulator detection platform for low voltage metering box | |
CN204088113U (en) | Closing locking device | |
CN109887368A (en) | Medium Voltage Switchgear secondary control loop simulation training platform and its programmable logic controller (PLC) logic judging method | |
CN206162923U (en) | Power cable fault simulates training set | |
CN111260989A (en) | Practical training platform for automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression device | |
CN202210022U (en) | Device for testing lithium ion battery safety performance | |
CN103712856A (en) | Mechanical static load performance testing platform of low pressure metering box | |
CN104009409B (en) | Portable unlatching 10kV trolley baffle plate device | |
CN206834527U (en) | A kind of intelligent high-pressure power distribution cabinet | |
CN109490066A (en) | A kind of electric-power safe instruments mechanical property test equipment | |
CN202330183U (en) | Low-temperature automatic impact test device for cable | |
CN201793294U (en) | Bolt for elevator | |
CN103712810A (en) | Low voltage metering box IK level and manipulator detection platform | |
CN103712810B (en) | A kind of low-pressure metering box IK grade and mechanical hand detection platform | |
CN203561556U (en) | Mechanical static load property detecting platform of low-temperature measuring box | |
CN207504350U (en) | The closed guard mechanism and electroscopic device of a kind of switch cabinet bus room | |
CN203929513U (en) | A kind of low-pressure metering box metal insert axial load pick-up unit | |
CN202909333U (en) | Fire escape pipe | |
CN206930438U (en) | Floor spring actuation test machine repeatedly | |
CN213580490U (en) | Metal product impact detection device | |
CN205490609U (en) | Power consumption information collection system trouble analogue means | |
CN104048878A (en) | Device and method for detecting axial load of low-pressure metering tank metal insert | |
CN202940497U (en) | Valve mechanism of high-voltage switch cabinet | |
CN205620239U (en) | Test device is pressed to resistant hitting of cable insulation | |
CN116449140B (en) | Distribution box line detection device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CX01 | Expiry of patent term | ||
CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20140423 |