CN203519530U - Device for monitoring strength of hydraulic concrete based on piezoelectric ceramic smart module - Google Patents
Device for monitoring strength of hydraulic concrete based on piezoelectric ceramic smart module Download PDFInfo
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- CN203519530U CN203519530U CN201320561604.4U CN201320561604U CN203519530U CN 203519530 U CN203519530 U CN 203519530U CN 201320561604 U CN201320561604 U CN 201320561604U CN 203519530 U CN203519530 U CN 203519530U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for monitoring the strength of hydraulic concrete based on a piezoelectric ceramic smart module. The device comprises a waveform generator (1), a driver (2), a sensor (3), signal receiving equipment (4), a digital filter (5), a digital oscilloscope (6) and a fuzzy inference system (7), wherein a signal which is sent from the waveform generator (1) sequentially passes through the driver (2), the sensor (3), the signal receiving equipment (4), the digital filter (5), the digital oscilloscope (6) and the fuzzy inference system (7). On the basis of analysis of an associative relationship between the compressive strength of a concrete structure and the amplitude of stress waves, a principle and a method for indirectly monitoring the compressive strength of concrete through the piezoelectric ceramic smart module are researched, the feasibility and effectiveness of the device are demonstrated, and the device plays an important role in strength monitoring of a hydraulic concrete structure based on a piezoelectric ceramic material.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of proving installation of monitoring concrete for hydraulic structure intensity index, is specifically related to a kind of concrete for hydraulic structure intensity monitoring device based on piezoelectric ceramics smart module.
Background technology
Water retaining structure when bearing the huge water pressure in upstream, also to bear such as earthquake, weather cataclysm, concrete shrinkage destroy, the destruction of aging, corrosion etc.Large volume Hydro-concrete Structures can produce a large amount of hydration heat in casting process, As time goes on, the temperature of inside concrete can be reduced to a metastable value gradually, during this period, concrete strength is always in changing, if temperature is controlled improper generation and the development that very easily causes crack.For the monitoring of concrete for hydraulic structure intensity index, need in a hurry the introducing of new material and new technology, reach in real time, efficiently and accurately monitor and control.
Piezoelectric ceramics is having a wide range of applications aspect building, space flight, building and material science, scope contains the sensor field relevant to electricity to structure, the vibration field relevant with mechanics, have a extensive future, and piezoceramic transducer has, and Hz-KHz is wide, fast response time, simple in structure, power consumption is few, low cost and other advantages, and the induction monitoring that the structure monitoring system consisting of it can be sensitive is to the existence of structural damage and the situation of change of intensity.Piezoceramic material is for large volume Hydro-concrete Structures detection and diagnosis, there are many advantages such as with low cost, response is fast, energy consumption is low, sensitivity is high, but the many builds of Hydro-concrete Structures are huge, work progress is complicated, active time is long, and piezoelectric ceramic piece self material is more crisp, environment reaction is very responsive to external world, directly be embedded in monitored agent structure, very easily cause the damage of piezoelectric ceramic piece.Therefore, piezoelectric ceramics is applied in large volume Hydro-concrete Structures, the test of concrete for hydraulic structure intensity index is still to a blank.
Utility model content
Goal of the invention: the purpose of this utility model is for the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of concrete for hydraulic structure intensity monitoring device based on piezoelectric ceramics smart module that guarantees validity and the chronicity of structure monitoring is provided.
Technical scheme: the concrete for hydraulic structure intensity monitoring device based on piezoelectric ceramics smart module described in the utility model, comprises waveform generator, driver, sensor, signal receiver, digital filter, digital oscilloscope and fuzzy inference system; Waveform generator passes through driver, sensor, signal receiver, digital filter, digital oscilloscope and fuzzy inference system after sending signal successively;
Described driver and sensor are piezoelectric ceramics smart module (CPSM, Concrete PZT Smart Module), and described driver and described sensor are embedded in respectively the two ends of concrete for hydraulic structure test specimen to be measured;
Described piezoelectric ceramics smart module comprises piezoelectric ceramic piece, sulphurated siliastic layer, signal wire and external wrapping concrete, described sulphurated siliastic layer is coated on the periphery of described piezoelectric ceramic piece, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece that is coated with sulphurated siliastic layer is embedded in external wrapping concrete; One end of described signal wire is welded on piezoelectric ceramic piece, and the other end is connected with other components and parts through external wrapping concrete.
By the utility model device, by laying piezoelectric ceramics smart module to as driver and sensor in concrete for hydraulic structure test block, adopt Fluctuation Method, collect the stress wave amplitudes of concrete test block in casting process, the analysis of application fuzzy reasoning method has built the numerical relationship model of concrete test block strength and stress wave amplitude, thereby realizes the indirect monitoring of concrete strength.The utility model device is except concrete piezoelectric ceramics smart module, conventionally signal be need to be equipped with and equipment and signal collecting device etc. generated, itself and concrete piezoelectric ceramics smart module form a set of structure monitoring system, while making concrete piezoelectric ceramics smart module, inevitably there is leaky, in the signal receiving, may be mixed with the frequency of alternating current, therefore sensor is connected to digital filter; The signal of device can be measured the amplitude of the stress wave of receiving by oscillograph after filtering, with this, for concrete strength, monitors.
During preparation smart module, external wrapping concrete for piezoelectric ceramic piece, it only plays an effect of transmitting stress, and the main body of non-bearing, therefore in manufacturing process without adding the materials such as coarse aggregate and reinforcing bar, described external wrapping concrete is built by the sand-cement slurry of water, fine aggregate, can reduce like this stress raisers that coarse aggregate and reinforcing bar and the inhomogeneous batching of other property distribution produce on piezoelectric ceramic piece, the many factors such as application feature that need consider its character of easily destroying, the reception of piezoelectric ceramics smart module and transmit for piezoelectric ceramic piece, and, also to remove its surperficial oxide film, to guarantee that piezoelectric ceramics smart module has good electric charge transfer function, for signal wire, welding lead after dry tack free, pad guarantees enough little as far as possible, with guarantee surface the water barrier that is coated with enough thin, welded again and cleaned with alcohol, consider that piezoelectric ceramic piece self material is more crisp, and external wrapping concrete is a kind of many things phase composite materials of complexity, if do not do any processing just by the direct Transducers Embedded in Concrete module of piezoelectric ceramic piece, in concrete coagulation process, volume of concrete can dwindle gradually and produce differential contraction stress, cause imbedding and on piezoelectric ceramic piece wherein, form stress and concentrate, damage piezoelectric ceramic piece, and single component sulphurated siliastic quality is soft, good waterproof performance, and can avoid preferably the stress concentration phenomenon that may occur in piezoelectric ceramic piece Transducers Embedded in Concrete, factor based on above-mentioned two aspects covers one deck single component sulphurated siliastic to reach the effect of the piezoelectric ceramic piece in protection Transducers Embedded in Concrete in piezoelectric ceramic piece periphery, specifically see shown in accompanying drawing 3, stress, displacement from piezoelectric ceramic piece to outer concrete transmittance process along rounded equipotential surface in polarised direction, therefore the build of piezoelectric ceramics smart module is defined as cylindrical, piezoelectric ceramics smart module is placed on that in standard curing box for cement concrete, maintenance is after 28 days, and in piezoelectric ceramics smart module, piezoelectric ceramic piece external wrapping concrete reaches after some strength, can be used for intensity and the damage monitoring of follow-up Hydro-concrete Structures.
Concrete for hydraulic structure intensity monitoring device based on piezoelectric ceramics smart module carries out the method for concrete for hydraulic structure intensity monitoring, comprises the steps:
(1) set up stress wave amplitudes in concrete hydrating process and change the mapping relations with intensity; Concrete is cement, water, fine sand admixture, in the process of sclerosis or aquation, its intensity can become gradually along with the prolongation of time large, the fastest in the gain in strength of building initial period, after 28 days, concrete intensity starts to tend towards stability, the concrete strength f based on 28 days
c' design xoncrete structure.The propagation of stress wave in concrete can be regarded one dimension longitudinal propagation as along polarised direction, specifically sees accompanying drawing 4; The wave equation of small unit can be expressed as
in formula: σ is axial stress; U is axial displacement; A is small unit sectional area; ρ is concrete density;
characterize the stress difference of small unit;
characterize the inertial force between Microcell.Ignore the impact of rate of straining, establishing E is modulus of elasticity of concrete, and ε is axial strain, by Hooke's law, can be obtained
By above-mentioned two formula, can be obtained
In formula: u is element displacement; E is the elastic modulus of dielectric material; ρ is the density of dielectric material.In certain hour section, the energy of simple harmonic wave can be expressed as
in formula: the energy that p is simple harmonic wave, A is simple harmonic quantity wave amplitude, ω is angular frequency; Above formula can be expressed as
by this formula, can be found out, simple harmonic quantity wave amplitude is subject to the impact of medium elastic modulus.In course of hardening, As time goes on, concrete rigidity can increase gradually, and elastic modulus E is the reflection of concrete rigidity, and the increase of concrete rigidity must cause the reduction of simple harmonic wave amplitude.Therefore, by monitoring medium Elastic wave amplitude, can indirectly know the strength development situation of concrete in the aquation stage.
(2) by stress wave amplitudes, change with the mapping relations of intensity and build fuzzy inference system platform; Fuzzy inference system is the calculation block analysis tool being based upon on the bases such as fuzzy set theory, fuzzy rule and fuzzy reasoning, function, fuzzy inference system is mainly comprised of several parts of obfuscation, fuzzy rule base, fuzzy reasoning method and de-fuzzy, specifically sees accompanying drawing 5.Wherein, for obfuscation, during exact value input fuzzy inference system, generally will be by its fuzzy fuzzy set changing on given domain, in order to utilize fuzzy inference system, according to concrete stress wave-amplitude supposition in early stage later stage stress wave amplitude, adopt Gauss member function method to carry out Fuzzy processing.If x
*for exact value,
for the fuzzy set after conversion, Gauss member function method is expressed as:
in formula: μ is for being subordinate to functional value; X is input value; Parameter σ is for being subordinate to the width of function, and it has described the steepness of Gaussian function; For fuzzy rule base, the certain corresponding relation existing according to the stress wave wave amplitude of concrete intensity and wherein propagation, sets up fuzzy rule; De-fuzzy is called again sharpening, the average de-fuzzy method in use center, i.e. and the compromise of maximum membership degree method and gravity model appoach, if fuzzy reasoning result is comprised of N fuzzy set, order
be the center of i fuzzy set,
for the corresponding maximum membership degree of this fuzzy set, the clear value y obtaining by the average de-fuzzy method in center
*for
for the discrete domain that has N element, the center of fuzzy set
be exactly in fact fuzzy One-Point-Value y
i, maximum membership degree
be exactly in fact y
icorresponding degree of membership μ (y
i), the clear y that utilizes the average de-fuzzy method in center to obtain
*for
in formula, y
ifor fuzzy One-Point-Value, μ (y
i) be y
icorresponding maximum membership degree, y
*for output valve.
(3) by waveform generator, transmitted, encourage driver in concrete for hydraulic structure test specimen to be measured to produce stress wave, stress wave is propagated in concrete for hydraulic structure test specimen to be measured, and the sensor by the other end receives; Stress wave is after the elimination of signal receiver, digital filter low-frequency noise signal wherein, the amplitude of the stress wave that goes out to receive by oscilloscope measurement, the fuzzy inference system platform that the stress wave amplitude input of collection is trained, can obtain concrete Prediction of compressive strength value.
The utility model compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is: 1, the utility model is on the basis that compression strength of concrete structure and stress wave amplitudes correlationship are analyzed, principle, the method for utilizing piezoelectric ceramics smart module to realize concrete crushing strength indirect monitoring have been studied, proved feasibility of the present utility model and validity, significant for the Hydro-concrete Structures intensity monitoring based on piezoceramic material.2, intelligent, the driven nature of the utility model based on piezoceramic material and the mechanism of sensitivities, basic characteristics in conjunction with Hydraulic Structure Engineering, researched and developed the test platform for concrete for hydraulic structure intensity monitoring, significant to realizing Hydro-concrete Structures safety monitoring; Fast based on piezoelectric ceramics active sensing, response, can make different shapes, the comparatively simple and relatively cheap characteristic of application, make this test platform with respect to traditional test platform, there is the many merits such as precision is high, laying is simple, monitoring cost is low, work efficiency is high, engineering adaptability is strong, for it, in the utilization aspect dam safety monitor, have great importance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the structural strength monitoring system based on CPSM forms schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the basic composition schematic diagram of CPSM;
Fig. 3 is piezoelectric ceramic piece safeguard procedures schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is any unit of one-dimentional structure stressing conditions figure;
Fig. 5 is fuzzy reasoning process flow diagram;
Fig. 6 is model geometric size schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the upward view of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the left view of Fig. 6.
Embodiment
Below technical solutions of the utility model are elaborated, but protection domain of the present utility model is not limited to described embodiment.
Embodiment 1: below with reference to accompanying drawing, explain the technical solution of the utility model, shown in accompanying drawing 1～3, this concrete for hydraulic structure strength test platform is with formations such as the DS1103 system signal receptacle of Agilent33250A AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), the cylindrical concrete piezoelectric ceramics of Φ 25mm * (25～30) mm smart module, dSPACE company, digital filter, DSO7034B type digital oscilloscope, fuzzy inference system, detected concrete block structure bodies (82cm * 52cm * 40cm).PIC151 type piezoelectric ceramic piece, signal wire that is SD-5TC sulphurated siliastic, concrete sample and Transducers Embedded in Concrete test specimen ZhongPCB company by model for concrete piezoelectric ceramics smart module etc. forms.
Proving installation based on above-mentioned, the concrete for hydraulic structure strength test method based on piezoelectric smart module described in the utility model is as follows:
Step 1, design and prepare concrete piezoelectric smart module.Because piezoelectric ceramics smart module need to have the ability that transmits and receives ultrasonic signal concurrently, therefore must consider the factors such as emissive power and susceptibility while selecting piezoelectric ceramic piece, in the present embodiment, select the PIC151 type piezoelectric ceramic piece of PCB company, utilize glass cutter that piezoelectric ceramic piece is cut into the little piezoelectric ceramic piece that specification is length x width x thickness=10mm * 10mm * 1mm, with alcohol, remove surperficial oxide film, welding lead after dry tack free, welded again and cleaned with alcohol, with SD-5TC model single component sulphurated siliastic, protect the piezoelectric ceramic piece in Transducers Embedded in Concrete, adopt C32.5 portland cement, fine aggregate, with water, fine aggregate, the weight ratio of cement is that the sand-cement slurry of 1:2.9:2.09 is carried out building of smart module.Consider the supporting and comparative analysis of other instruments, in test, concrete piezoelectric ceramics smart module is cast into the right cylinder of Φ 25mm * (25～30) mm, piezoelectric ceramics smart module was placed in standard curing box for cement concrete to maintenance after 28 days, in piezoelectric ceramics smart module, piezoelectric ceramic piece external wrapping concrete reaches after some strength, can be used for the monitoring of the intensity of follow-up Hydro-concrete Structures and damage etc.
Step 2, design and make model to be monitored.In test, adopting label is the low-heat concrete of C32.5, does not add the materials such as coarse aggregate and reinforcing bar, and only used sand and cement in concrete model manufacturing process, and the weight ratio of water, fine sand and cement is still 1:2.9:2.09.Moulded dimension is 82cm * 52cm * 40cm, and the collection for concrete hydrating process stress wave amplitudes as driver and sensor respectively of three groups of piezoelectric ceramics smart module is set at model center place, and then realizes the indirect monitoring of concrete strength.They are between two at a distance of 10cm, and polarised direction is on same straight line; Between them, erect 4 steel pipes, so that by the situation of change of thermometer measure hydration heat.Moulded dimension and manufacturing process are shown in that shown in accompanying drawing 6,7,8, Tu Zhong unit is cm, and 13 is steel pipe, and 14 is piezoelectric ceramics smart module (CPSM).
Transmitting and the harvester platform of step 3, outfit signal.Adopt AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) Agilent33250A transmitting arbitrary signal, adopt DSO7034B oscillograph to obtain the relation of signal energy and frequency.AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) Agilent33250A is single channel waveform generator, and its transmit frequency range is 1 μ Hz～80MHz, and signal amplitude scope is 1mV～10V, and in same frequency situation, amplitude is larger, and energy is larger.The signal of transmitting is used for encouraging piezoelectric ceramics smart module to transmit, the signal of piezoelectric ceramics smart module transmitting is simultaneously received by other concrete piezoelectric ceramics smart module again, filtering through digital filter, finally shows on digital oscilloscope with digital form.In concrete hydrating process, utilize AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) transmitting different frequency signals, by oscillograph, obtain the received signal of CPSM under different frequency, according to the size cases of its amplitude, determine the frequency that adopts signal in follow-up test.The PZT-1-1 of the present embodiment plan design and PZT-1-2, PZT-2-1 and PZT-2-2, PZT-3-1 and PZT-3-2 are coaxial between two, and are 10cm apart; Using PZT-1-1, PZT-2-1 and PZT-3-1, respectively as driver, PZT-1-2, PZT-2-2 and PZT-3-2 are respectively as sensor sensing signal, as Fig. 6.
Step 4, based on embedding piezoelectric ceramics smart module, carry out large-size concrete testing experiment.Embedding three groups of piezoelectric ceramics smart module (numbering: PZT-1-1 and PZT-1-2, PZT-2-1 and PZT-2-2, PZT-3-1 and PZT-3-2) large-size concrete model, and this model is tested, in test, selecting frequency is that the ultrasonic signal of 22kHz is as transmission frequency.The driving voltage amplitude of Agilent AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) output is 10V.One end piezoelectric ceramics smart module transmitting ultrasonic signal that is excited, corresponding other end piezoelectric ceramics smart module receives owing to propagating the signal that causes decay, the concrete test block hydration process stress wave amplitude of utilizing piezoelectric ceramics smart module to collect in concrete.
The fuzzy inference system that step 5, utilization design can be realized the concrete strength indirect monitoring by piezoelectric ceramics smart module after training.Wherein for fuzzy rule base, the amplitude of stress wave reduces along with the increase of modulus of elasticity of concrete, stress wave amplitude and concrete elastic modulus direct proportion are in concrete intensity, be that concrete elastic modulus constantly increases along with the development of concrete strength in hydration process, therefore, specify following fuzzy rule, rule one: if stress wave amplitudes A is large, concrete crushing strength C is little; Rule two: if stress wave amplitudes A is for larger, concrete crushing strength C is for less; Rule three: if stress wave amplitudes A is general, concrete crushing strength C is general; Rule four: if stress wave amplitudes A is for less, concrete crushing strength C is for larger; Rule five: if stress wave amplitudes A is little, concrete crushing strength C is large.Select the 7th day～within the 12nd day, stress wave amplitude and the corresponding concrete strength measured value of totally 13 sample points (being spaced apart 12 hours) form training sample set, training fuzzy inference system.
As mentioned above, although represented and explained the utility model with reference to specific preferred embodiment, it shall not be construed as the restriction to the utility model self.Not departing under the spirit and scope prerequisite of the present utility model of claims definition, can make in the form and details various variations to it.
Claims (2)
1. the concrete for hydraulic structure intensity monitoring device based on piezoelectric ceramics smart module, is characterized in that: comprise waveform generator (1), driver (2), sensor (3), signal receiver (4), digital filter (5), digital oscilloscope (6) and fuzzy inference system (7); Waveform generator (1) passes through driver (2), sensor (3), signal receiver (4), digital filter (5), digital oscilloscope (6) and fuzzy inference system (7) after sending signal successively;
Described driver (2) and sensor (3) are piezoelectric ceramics smart module, and described driver (2) and described sensor (3) are embedded in respectively the two ends of concrete for hydraulic structure test specimen to be measured (8);
Described piezoelectric ceramics smart module comprises piezoelectric ceramic piece (10), sulphurated siliastic layer (12), signal wire (11) and external wrapping concrete (9), described sulphurated siliastic layer (12) is coated on the periphery of described piezoelectric ceramic piece (10), and the piezoelectric ceramic piece (10) that is coated with sulphurated siliastic layer (12) is embedded in external wrapping concrete (9); It is upper that one end of described signal wire (11) is welded on piezoelectric ceramic piece (10), and the other end is connected with other components and parts through external wrapping concrete (9).
2. the concrete for hydraulic structure intensity monitoring device based on piezoelectric ceramics smart module according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described piezoelectric ceramics smart module is cylindrical.
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| CN107091919A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-08-25 | 中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司 | Concreting process quality monitor |
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| CN107091919A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-08-25 | 中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司 | Concreting process quality monitor |
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Granted publication date: 20140402 Termination date: 20160910 |