CN2034350U

CN2034350U - Energy-saving device for ac motor speed regulating

Info

Publication number: CN2034350U
Application number: CN88201045U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王恩俊; 王恩秀
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1988-01-29
Filing date: 1988-01-29
Publication date: 1989-03-15

Abstract

The utility model discloses an energy-saving device for ac motor speed regulating, belonging to the electronic instrument class. An electronic switch circuit is composed of a switch device, a thyristor, etc. The energy-saving device adopts the electronic switching circuit to be directly connected to each phase power supply wire of the motor and be simultaneously, alternately and repeatedly opened and closed to control the motor to be alternately and repeatedly driven to run under being connected to a power and be run through an inertia under being cut off the power, so the speed regulating work of the motor is in some one speed range, and therefore, the energy-saving device saves a great amount of energy and electric charge. The device also has phase interruption, wave lack and short circuit fault monitoring, alarming and indicating circuits when the motor regulates speed, a motor speed monitoring and controlling circuit, a motor speed regulating and non-regulating run sampling and converting circuit, the power automatic cutting mould circuit of the device, etc. The energy-saving device is in particular suitable for being used for the motor equipment with large inertia.

Description

Energy-saving device for ac motor speed regulating

The utility model relates to a kind of speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver of electronic switching circuit control, belongs to the electronic instruments class.

Alternating current machine uses in extensive fields, and alternating current machine needs the occasion of speed governing operation also a lot.AC voltage adjusting, friendship are arranged at present, and---alternation frequently,---directly---alternation waits the speed regualtion of AC motor device frequently in friendship.These speed regulating device advantages are the adjusting speed accuracy height, but the electronic circuit complexity of its speed regulating control, and speed regulating device cost height costs an arm and a leg, and is not easy to use and promote.

The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of alternating current machine switch governor device of saves energy, the alternating current switching circuit that switching devices such as its employing thyristor constitute, be connected in each phase power line of motor, control each synchronised of motor, replace, repeat to connect---turn-off, motor then correspondingly replaces, repeats energising---outage ground speed governing operation, save a large amount of electric energy, Figure of description 1. illustrates the situation of this switch governor.Also have the speed governing malfunction monitoring in the device, report to the police and indication, motor speed detects, monitoring, electric machine speed regulation and not speed governing conversion, and additional settings such as this device power supply automatic switchover have increased the reliability and the fail safe of electric machine speed regulation.

The concrete structure of speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver of the present utility model is: the housing of device and framework assembling are together, the housing antetheca is a panel, indicating instrument is housed on panel---ammeter, voltmeter, motor speed table, the indicator light of mains switch, electric motor starting and speed governing change over switch etc. and each switch work, the speed regulating control knob, speed governing knocking noise, light warning piece.The acoustic alarm parts can be loud speaker, electric bell etc., and the light warning piece can be indicator light or other light display unit.This device and power supply, motor are housed on the framework in housing, test the speed connectors such as speed control, connecting line, connector and their assembly and circuit board.Connector can be the connection lead that has patch bay, post or cable etc.Connector can be used the connector of the various multiterminal joints that are fit to.Circuit board can be provided with and install by the multilayer piecemeal.On circuit board, assembling various electronic devices and components and assembly thereof.Wherein be assembled with: switching device is the main alternating-current switch alignment circuit that constitutes, and identical three of structure are arranged, and inserts respectively in the motor three-phase power line.Switching device can be huge switching transistor (GTR), thyristor or bidirectional thyristor.Making input, switching device or switch module with photoelectronic coupler is the main alternating-current switch circuits for triggering that constitute, and identical three of structure are arranged, and each is respectively with resistance serial connection diode and an alternating-current switch alignment circuit commissure.Switching device is thyristor or bidirectional thyristor, and switch module can be the rectification of diode composition or triggers transformer etc.The RC that the works alone charging, the discharge loop that are connected in series diode and resistance formation with electric capacity have respectively been formed switching signal generation circuit jointly, the resistance that the electric capacity of this circuit is connected in series respectively is a moved end adjustable resistance, its moved end changes divides resistance, determine switch signaling switch duty ratio.Switching signal generation circuit is connecting that to use the IC sheet be the main switch signal generator that constitutes, and both have formed the switch governor control circuit, and the output of IC sheet divides three tunnel photoelectronic coupler inputs that respectively connect alternating-current switch circuits for triggering.The speed governing fault monitoring circuit is made up of three the identical phase failure, scarce ripple fault monitoring circuit and short trouble observation circuits of structure, and they constitute by failure detector circuit and failure discriminating circuit.Each failure detector circuit all is made of fault-signal sample circuit and treatment circuit.Three phases failure, the structure that lacks the skin failure detector circuit are: the solenoid identical with the number of turn, that winding is opposite is made fault-signal and is taken a sample, be arranged on each phase power line of motor, connect the AND circuit input that diode is formed respectively, the AND circuit output connects the OR circuit input that diode is formed, three failure discriminating circuit inputs of the corresponding connection of the output of three OR circuit.The structure of short trouble testing circuit is: an end of three sample resistances is connected on respectively on the motor one phase power line, the other end is connected in series an indicator light respectively, three one of indicator light parallel connected end serial connections detect resistance and receive on the zero-power line, detect a bridge rectifier filter circuit in parallel on the resistance, its output connects a failure discriminating circuit.Four circuit compositions that failure discriminating circuit is following structure and is linked in sequence: with triode is the main circuits for triggering that constitute, the delay circuit that Resistor-Capacitor Unit constitutes, the discriminator circuit that voltage-stabiliser tube constitutes, triode is the main drive circuit that constitutes, and drives the memory circuit of a normal open contact formation of load-relay assembly.Each normal open contact of the relay assembly of four failure discriminating circuits and connect into or input, connects one and is with the voicefrequency circuit of sound parts to constitute the knocking noise warning circuit.Four each normal open contacts of failure discriminating circuit relay assembly are connected in series an indicator light respectively and have constituted the fault optical alarm circuit jointly.Connect a current transformer that is arranged on each phase power line of motor respectively with three ammeters and constituted the electric current indicating circuit.Be attempted by appointing on the two-phase of motor three-phase power line with a voltmeter and constituted voltage indicating circuit.Electric motor starting and speed governing change-over circuit have been formed in three normal open contacts by the relay assembly of electric motor starting and speed governing change over switch and its Control work, and three normal open contacts are in parallel with an alternating-current switch alignment circuit respectively.Power circuit connects power supply to each circuit, it has an automatic switch-over circuit, the structure of power supply automatic switchover circuit is: be connected between power supply phase commonly used and mains switch by a normal open contact by the relay assembly of phase power supply powered operation commonly used, a normally open contact is connected in series a time-delay relay assembly by standby phase power supply powered operation.Receive between standby phase power supply and mains switch a normal open contact of time-delay relay assembly.The motor speed testing circuit is made up of speed sample circuit and treatment circuit.The speed sample circuit places the velocity transducer of machine shaft end gusset suitable position to constitute by one non-contactly.The treatment circuit of the following structure that is linked in sequence: conversion (electromagnetism or opto-electronic conversion), amplification, shaping, counting, decoding, demonstration or indicating circuit.The microsystem of also available velocity monitoring of velocity checking circuits, automatic processing, tracking Control replaces formation.Above-mentioned velocity transducer can be contactless velocity transducers such as electromagnetism, photoelectricity, all available known technology design of each circuit of speed monitoring circuit.This device can have air-cooled parts such as electric fan, fuse, device moves wheel etc., and they are installed on the suitable position of framework.Be assembled on the circuit board and be installed on the panel, each components and parts and assembly thereof on the framework couple together with group company lead, cable and assembly, connector and assembly respectively according to above-mentioned each circuit structure.

The advantage of this device is: one, the electronic control circuit of switch governor is simple, and cost is low; Two, motor is worked under power on/off, saves a large amount of electric energy and the electricity charge; Three, this device is provided with speed governing malfunction monitoring, warning, indication, speed monitoring, monitoring, and power supply automaticallyes switch, and circuit such as electric machine speed regulation and not speed governing conversion use reliable, safety.This device is specially adapted to the motor device that inertia is big, adjusting speed accuracy is not high and uses.

Figure of description 1. is an alternating current machine switch governor schematic diagram.Among the figure: I. represents electric current; U. represent speed; 1. the expression motor is opened "on" position, velocity variations when 3 of correspondence is represented electrical powers; 2. the expression motor cuts out off-position, velocity variations when 4 corresponding expression motors cut off the power supply; 5. a certain velocity amplitude of representing the motor switch speed governing.Fig. 2, Fig. 3. be speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver circuit block diagram.Fig. 4. be the speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver schematic diagram of the utility model non-limiting examples.Fig. 5 .a, b are speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver electrical block diagram shown in Figure 4.Below in conjunction with embodiment Fig. 2-Fig. 5 is illustrated.

The non-limiting examples of speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver described in the utility model is as follows:

The speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver of this embodiment as shown in Figure 4, Fig. 5 .a, b are its electrical block diagram.Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are electronic circuit block diagram in this example.Among each figure: 1. the original control system of motor.2. electric motor starting (or not speed governing) control circuit, by change over switch 163,164, and three normal open contacts 167 of relay 166 etc. form, three contacts such as 167 grades are attempted by respectively on the alternating-current switch alignment circuit.3. alternating-current switch alignment circuit, totally three structures are identical, and one of them is made of not level 18-25 components and parts and prime 31-45 components and parts, and 18,20 is thyristor, and 32 is bidirectional thyristor, 37 is photoelectronic coupler.In addition two respectively by level 26,27 and prime 46,53 do not constitute.Level 18-25,26,27 does not insert respectively in the motor three-phase power line.The two-stage commissure is resistance (as 31) and diode (as 19,21), the commissure end is respectively 24 and 25,47 and 48,54 and 55, power input is respectively 44 and 45,51 and 52,58 and 59, and the switching signal input is respectively 40 and 41,49 and 50,56 and 57.4. switch governor control circuit, its switching signal generation circuit is made up of the 63-68 components and parts.64,63,190-67,68 constitutes the RC charge circuits, 64,65,66,67-190 constitutes discharge loop, switch signal generator is made up of 60-62,60 is the IC sheet, resistance 67 is the adjustable resistances that drive end 190,61 divide three tunnel connections 40,49,56,69 for the switch governor control signal output ends connects power supply.5. be the speed governing malfunction monitoring, report to the police, indicating circuit, fault monitoring circuit has four, three phases failure, it is identical to lack ripple fault monitoring circuit structure, its three phases failure, lacking the ripple testing circuit is made up of components and parts such as 70-102,70-72 is two opposite solenoids of the identical winding of the number of turn and constitutes, be arranged on the motor three-phase power line, connect the AND circuit input that diode 73-84 forms respectively, be connected the OR circuit input that diode 97-102 forms respectively with gate output terminal 85-90, three or gate output terminal 103-105 connect three failure discriminating circuits that structure is identical respectively, and 91-96 is respectively biasing resistor.A failure discriminating circuit is formed with the 106-122 components and parts, its structure is: transistor 106,111 is the main circuits for triggering that constitute, the delay circuit that connects resistance 116, electric capacity 117 formations, connect the discriminator circuit that voltage-stabiliser tube 118 constitutes, connecting 119 again is the main drive circuit that constitutes, 121 for driving load-relay, and 122 have constituted memory circuit for its normal open contact, and other two failure discriminating circuits are 125,128; The failure detector circuit of short trouble observation circuit is made of components and parts such as 134-145,134,136,138 is sample resistance, be connected on respectively on each phase power line of motor, the other end respectively connects an indicator light 135,137,139, then and hold 140 to connect one and detect resistance 141 and receive on the zero line 13, the current rectifying and wave filtering circuit that parallel connection one is made up of 142-144 on 141, be defeated by 131, four failure discriminating circuit 106-122 of a failure discriminating circuit identical, 125,128,131 by 69 power supplies by 145,146 with the 106-122 structure; Each normal open contact 123,126,129,132 of the relay of four failure discriminating circuits is connected in series an indicator light 153-156 respectively and has formed the fault optical alarm circuit, and its power supply is 178 and 179; Each normal open contact 124,127,130,133 of the relay of four failure discriminating circuits also is unified into or input connects the voicefrequency circuit that 147-151 forms, and 150 is the IC sheet, and 152 is loud speaker, and feeder ear is 69; The electric current indicating circuit is made up of 167-162, and 157,159,161 is three current transformers, divides to be located at connecting three ammeters 158,160,162 on the motor three-phase power line again respectively; Voltage indicating circuit is attempted by by voltmeter 189 that motor three-phase power line wantonly two is alternate to be constituted.6. be that motor 191 is its rotating shaft.7. be the motor speed sample circuit, place the contactless electromagnetic speed sensor 187 of machine shaft end gusset suitable position to constitute 192 by one.Magnet, 193. solenoids.8. be the treatment circuit of motor speed detection, it is made of electromagnetic conversion, amplification, shaping, counting, decoding, demonstration or indicating circuit 188.For motor speed monitoring, handle automatically, the microprocessor system of tracking Control its do not illustrate in this embodiment.The electric machine speed regulation change over switch also comprises 163-165 in this example; Components and parts such as power circuit 169-180, wherein 170 is mains switch; Power supply is cut moding circuit 181-185 automatically, and wherein 181 is relay, and 182 for its normal open contact is connected in the phase power supply source line commonly used, and 183 is normally open contact, is connected in series with time-delay relay 184, and 185 is normal open contacts of 184, is connected in the standby phase power supply source line.Each components and parts and the assembly thereof of forming each circuit among the above-mentioned figure, all be assembled in the speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver as shown in Figure 4, ammeter 158 is installed on case panel, 160,162, voltmeter 189, change over switch 163-165, speed governing relay indicating light 186, start and not speed governing relay indicating light 14, switch 170 and power work indicator light 180, loud speaker 152, light alarm lamp 153-156, switch governor controlling resistance 67-190, regulation and control indicator light one light-emitting diode 38, short circuit indicator light 134,136 and 138, speed display line dial gauge 188 is being assembled electric power connection line 10-13 on framework, the connecting line 28-30 of motor 6, fuse 15-17, the connecting line or the cable of speed sampling 187, electric fan, circuit board and mobile wheel are being assembled all the other components and parts and assembly among the 10-191 on circuit board.Each components and parts, each circuit board connect lead, cable, connector and their assembly by circuit structure with group and couple together.

This routine speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver course of work is as follows: after original control circuit 1 work of motor, relay assembly 181 energising work, 182 normal open contacting power supplys, closed mains switch 170, transformer 171 connection work, 180 indicator lights are bright, 172-177 rectification, filtering voltage regulation are started working simultaneously, from 69 and 178-179 to the power supply of institute connection circuit, four failure discriminating circuit 106-122,125,128,131, knocking noise, optical alarm circuit 147-152,153-156, switch governor control circuit 60-69 all can work.Electric motor starting and speed governing change over switch 163 are placed 164 enable positions, 166 connection work, make its three normal open contacts 167 and be attempted by two normal open contacting three phase mains 10 in addition and 28,11 and 29,12 and 30 on the circuit 26,27 to motor 6, electric motor starting work.14 indicator lights are connected, the expression electric motor starting in another normal open contact 168 of 166.At this moment the phase failure, scarce ripple fault monitoring circuit 70-122,125,128 start working, meanwhile short trouble observation circuit 134-146,131 also starts working, and can begin to do knocking noise, light warning, electric current indicating circuit 157-162, voltage indicating circuit 189 are also started working.Motor speed testing circuit 187,188 is started working and is shown and the instant velocity amplitude of indication motor from 188.When motor speed reaches a certain set point value, change over switch 163 to 165 speed governing positions, 163 and 164 disconnect, 166 quit work, and normal open contact 168 controls, 14 indicator lights extinguish, and three normal open contacts such as 167 grades disconnect, meanwhile after 165 connections, 169 work, 186 indicator lights are bright, and indication motor is at speed governing operation.44-45,51-52,58-59 power supply, three alternating-current switch circuits for triggering 31-45,46,53 start working, the switching signal of switch governor control circuit was defeated by three photoelectronic couplers (as 37 in the 31-45 circuit) of three alternating-current switch circuits for triggering respectively through 40-41,49-50,56-57 through 61 minutes three the tunnel, it is disconnected for, repeat switch to be defeated by three alternating-current switch alignment circuit 18-25,26,27 timed delivery again, motor then alternately, repeat that energising---outage moves down.The electric machine speed regulation speed of service is also made speed by 187 simultaneously and is detected, 188 deal with, show or indicate, if finding the electric machine speed regulation speed of service and the selected velocity amplitude of transferring is not inconsistent, when maybe needing to change into following operation of accent velocity amplitude of alternative, adjust 190 ends of resistance 67, change its 67 fens resistances, change the switching signal duty cycle of switching, double 38 speed governing lamps and 188 speed seen detect demonstration or indication, electric machine speed regulation is operated in be fit under the velocity amplitude.If a certain moment behind electric motor starting or in the speed governing operation, suppose in A phase (10-28 power supply phase) and the phase failure or scarce ripple fault have occurred, this fault is by 70-72 coil sampling reaching or detecting with door through 73-102, being defeated by the 106-122 failure discriminating circuit by 103 differentiates, 121 work of 119 transistor driving, 122 memories of normal open contact, this fault makes the 153 bright fault light of doing report to the police through 121 normal open contacts 123,124 connect sound alarm circuit 147-151 work through the normal open contact, make 152 to do the knocking noise warning.Meanwhile, the phase failure of A phase or scarce ripple fault also by 162 indications of 157-162 electric current indicating circuit, are also indicated by 189 voltage indicating circuits simultaneously.Appear at B mutually or the situation of C phase for the phase failure or scarce ripple fault, also can do to analyze equally mutually and by knocking noise, light warning and electric current and voltage indication as A.If when motor operation a certain, carved short trouble, suppose that short trouble appears in A mutually, this fault makes resistance and indicator light 134-139 three tunnel disequilibriums, on the resistance 141 unbalance voltage will be arranged, this fault-signal detects through 142-144 rectification, filtering, is defeated by short trouble discriminator circuit 131 from 145-146, and this fault connects 132 makes 156 to do the warning of fault light, connect 133 and make sound alarm circuit work, 152 make knocking noise reports to the police.This fault is also indicated by the indication of 158-162 electric current indicating circuit with by 189 voltage indicating circuits.Appear at B mutually or C situation about going up mutually as short trouble, also can do to analyze equally mutually and by fault sound and light alarm and electric current, voltage indication as A.It is to be noted all to be provided with fault memory circuit as normal open contact 122 structures on four failure discriminating circuits, fault was remembered before this fault is got rid of once appearance always, uttered a word, light reports to the police always.And fault is started shooting again and also can and be indicated by each faulty circuit memory, warning without eliminating.If in a certain moment of this device work, the power supply commonly used of power supply is as open phase fault occurring, and then 181 circuit breakers quit work, 182 normal open contacts disconnect, 183 normally open contacts are connected, time-delay relay 184 energising work, and stand-by power supply is connected to device power supply automatic switchover power supply in its normal open contact 185.Above-mentioned this routine speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver each several part course of work of having analyzed.In the time of need shutting down as motor, power cutoff switch 170, motor promptly quits work.

Claims

1, a kind of speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver comprises motor speed detection, monitor portion and alternating-current switch speed governing and control section, it is characterized in that:

A. do that motor speed detects, the motor speed sensor of monitoring installs the suitable position at machine shaft end gusset non-contactly for one;

B. by same switching signal source synchronous control switch and be that the main not level that constitutes three identical alternating-current switch alignment circuits is serially connected in respectively in each phase power input line of motor by switching device;

2, speed regualtion of AC motor energy saver as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:

A. described motor speed sensor is the contactless velocity transducer of electromagnetism or photoelectricity:

The switching device of b. described three alternating-current switch alignment circuits is thyristors.