CN203434856U - Power-switching circuit and vehicle power supply - Google Patents

Power-switching circuit and vehicle power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203434856U
CN203434856U CN201320463091.3U CN201320463091U CN203434856U CN 203434856 U CN203434856 U CN 203434856U CN 201320463091 U CN201320463091 U CN 201320463091U CN 203434856 U CN203434856 U CN 203434856U
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China
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power
circuit
voltage
filter
switching circuit
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CN201320463091.3U
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Chinese (zh)
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龚复生
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Hisense Mobile Communications Technology Co Ltd
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Hisense Mobile Communications Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a power-switching circuit and a vehicle power supply, and the power-switching circuit comprises a filter circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit, and a direct-current converting circuit, and an input power supply is sequentially processed by the filter circuit, the overvoltage protection circuit, and the direct-current converting circuit. The overvoltage protection circuit is provided with a first voltage regulator tube and two transistors. A direct current, which is processed by the filter circuit, is transmitted to the cathode of the first voltage regulator tube and the control electrode of the first transistor. The anode of the first voltage regulator tube is connected to the control electrode of the second transistor. The switching circuit of the second transistor is connected between the control electrode of the first transistor and a system. The switching circuit of the first transistor is connected between the filter circuit and the direct-current converting circuit. The vehicle power supply, which is designed through employing the power-switching circuit, can convert a direct current, outputted from a storage battery inside a vehicle, into a stable 5V direct current which is not interfered by the circuit environment inside the vehicle, thereby supplying clean and stable power to a vehicle GPS navigator, a vehicle mobile station, and other small-signal circuit systems.

Description

A kind of power-switching circuit and vehicle power
Technical field
The utility model belongs to power circuit technical field, specifically, and the vehicle power that relates to a kind of DC-DC power-switching circuit and adopt described power supply switch technology design.
Background technology
Along with the widespread adoption of GPS navigation and vehicle-mounted mobile platform, vehicle electronic device is also more and more for the demand of vehicle power.Due to the temperature accommodation of lithium ion battery smaller (its operating ambient temperature is conventionally between 0 to 40 degree Celsius), and in particular cases may there is the fortuitous events such as on fire from explosion, therefore for security consideration, special-purpose car borne GPS navigation and vehicle-mounted mobile platform generally can built-in lithium ion batteries, but the 5V DC power supply that adopts vehicle power to export, for it provides working power.
Because vehicle power is used the storage battery in car, for it, provide power supply supply, by 12V or the 24V DC power supply of storage battery output are carried out after DC-DC decompression transformation, generate the required 5V DC power supply of some vehicle-mounted small-signal electronic equipment.And automobile is in the process of travelling, the power supply noise that exists power supply noise that engine spark plug causes, power supply noise that motor work causes and other vehicle electronics/motor devices to cause, these noises are all superimposed upon on the 12V or 24V power-supply system in car, can cause the interference of power-supply system in car very violent, overvoltage pulse is more intense, and the regular generation of this situation.Therefore, in this case, if 12V or the 24V DC power supply of storage battery output are not carried out to filtering and overvoltage protective treatment, but only adopt DC-DC conversion output 5V DC power supply, for small signal circuit system power supplies such as car borne GPS navigation and vehicle-mounted mobile platforms, can in the 5V DC power supply of output, introduce a large amount of power supply and disturb, finally cause these vehicle-mounted small signal circuit systems when work because Interference from current breaks down.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of power-switching circuit; by design special filter circuit and overvoltage crowbar in power-switching circuit; to eliminate the interference noise of introducing in power-supply system, and then for provide pure, stable power supply to supply with by electric loading.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:
, comprise filter circuit, overvoltage crowbar and DC converting circuit that input power is processed successively; In described overvoltage crowbar, be provided with the first voltage-stabiliser tube and two transistors; the DC power supply of processing output by filter circuit transfers to respectively the negative electrode of the first voltage-stabiliser tube and the control utmost point of the first transistor; the control utmost point of the anodic bonding transistor seconds of the first voltage-stabiliser tube; the switch ways of transistor seconds be connected to the control utmost point of the first transistor and systematically between; the switch ways of the first transistor is connected between filter circuit and DC converting circuit, to process the transmission path of the DC power supply of output by filter circuit, carries out break-make control.
For the conducting voltage of lifting the first transistor, the switch ways of described transistor seconds is connected to the anode of the second voltage-stabiliser tube, the negative electrode of the second voltage-stabiliser tube connects the control utmost point of the first transistor.
Preferably, described two transistors preferably adopt two NPN type triodes, the collector electrode of the one NPN type triode receives the DC power supply of processing output by filter circuit, emitter connects DC converting circuit, base stage connects the negative electrode of described the second voltage-stabiliser tube, the collector electrode of the anodic bonding of described the second voltage-stabiliser tube the 2nd NPN type triode, and by current-limiting resistance, connect the collector electrode of a NPN type triode; The emitter connected system ground of described the 2nd NPN type triode, base stage connects the anode of the first voltage-stabiliser tube.
Further, the anode of described the first voltage-stabiliser tube passes through divider resistance ground connection, and by another current-limiting resistance, connects the base stage of described the 2nd NPN type triode.
In order to prevent interference signal, by system ground wire, cross the use electric loading that described power-switching circuit has influence on rear class, by two inputs of described filter circuit respectively be connected corresponding with negative pole of positive pole of input power, cathode output end connects described overvoltage crowbar, cathode output end connected system ground; Cross-over connection isolation capacitance between the negative input of filter circuit and cathode output end, to realize the isolation of negative pole and the system ground wire of input power.
A kind of preferred circuit as described filter circuit is set up form; in described filter circuit, be provided with common-mode filter and differential mode filter; two inputs of described common-mode filter respectively be connected corresponding with negative pole of positive pole of input power; two outputs of common-mode filter connect differential mode filter; by described differential mode filter, connect described overvoltage crowbar, for the common mode disturbances and the differential mode interference that are incorporated in power-supply system are suppressed effectively.
Further, between two outputs of described differential mode filter, also cross-over connection has filter capacitor, the negative pole connected system ground of described filter capacitor.
In order to play the effect of electrostatic defending; between described overvoltage crowbar and DC converting circuit, be also provided with electrostatic discharge protection circuit; in described electrostatic discharge protection circuit, be provided be connected to transmitting DC circuit and systematically between Transient Voltage Suppressor or piezo-resistance, with the surge voltage of introducing in limiting circuitry.
Preferably, be provided with a DC-to-DC conversion chip in described DC converting circuit, described DC-to-DC conversion chip receives the DC power supply of overvoltage crowbar output, converts the required working power output of rear class load to.
Based on above-mentioned power-switching circuit, the utility model also provides a kind of vehicle power that adopts described power-switching circuit design, comprises filter circuit, overvoltage crowbar and DC converting circuit that input power is processed successively; In described overvoltage crowbar, be provided with the first voltage-stabiliser tube and two transistors, the DC power supply of processing output by filter circuit transfers to respectively the negative electrode of the first voltage-stabiliser tube and the control utmost point of the first transistor, the control utmost point of the anodic bonding transistor seconds of the first voltage-stabiliser tube, the switch ways of transistor seconds be connected to the control utmost point of the first transistor and systematically between, the switch ways of the first transistor is connected between filter circuit and DC converting circuit, to process the transmission path of the DC power supply of output by filter circuit, carries out break-make control; Wherein, described input power is the DC power supply of being exported by in-vehicle secondary battery.
Compared with prior art; advantage of the present utility model and good effect are: power-switching circuit of the present utility model is by the specific filter circuit of design and overvoltage crowbar; when meeting input power level conversion demand, can further to the interference noise of introducing in power-supply system, effectively suppress.Be applied in the circuit design of vehicle power, can carry out filtering and protective treatment to 12V or the 24V DC power supply of in-vehicle secondary battery output, and obtain a 5V DC power supply stable, that be not subject to circuit environmental interference in car by DC-DC decompression transformation, thereby for the small signal circuit systems such as vehicle-mounted GPS navigator and vehicle-mounted mobile platform provide pure, stable power supply supply, avoided vehicle-mounted small-signal electronic equipment because being subject to power supply to disturb the generation of the failure problems causing.
Read by reference to the accompanying drawings after the detailed description of the utility model execution mode, other feature of the present utility model and advantage will become clearer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic block circuit diagram of a kind of embodiment of the power-switching circuit that proposes of the utility model;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of a kind of embodiment of the power-switching circuit that proposes of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of a kind of embodiment of DC-DC change-over circuit in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail.
The present embodiment be take power-switching circuit is applied in vehicle power as example describes.
In order to meet the electricity consumption needs of the small signal circuit systems such as vehicle-mounted GPS navigator and vehicle-mounted mobile platform, need to be in vehicle power designing power supply change-over circuit, input power with amplitudes such as 12V that in-vehicle secondary battery is provided or 24V converts 5V DC supply to, for these vehicle-mounted small-signal electronic equipments provide supply of electric power.Consider vehicle environment relative complex, the interference signal that various noise sources produce can be incorporated in Vehicular power system in large quantities, finally causes the small signal circuit systems such as vehicle-mounted GPS navigator and vehicle-mounted mobile platform because being disturbed, to break down in the course of the work.
For a stable power supply supply being provided can to these vehicle-mounted small-signal electronic equipments, the present embodiment is when design vehicle power, except design DC converting circuit in power-switching circuit, DC-DC change-over circuit (being DC-to-DC change-over circuit) for example, for 12V or the 24V input power that in-vehicle secondary battery is produced, carry out level translation processing, with conversion, generate beyond the required 5V DC power supply of the small signal circuit system works such as vehicle-mounted GPS navigator and vehicle-mounted mobile platform, special filter circuit and overvoltage crowbar have also further been designed, for the interference signal of introducing in Vehicular power system is carried out to filtering and inhibition, and when the voltage magnitude of input power surpasses setting threshold, the output of blocking-up input power, avoiding that vehicle electronic device is produced to overvoltage impacts, guarantee the fail safe of vehicle electronic device electricity consumption.
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the power-switching circuit that proposes of the present embodiment, first the 12V exporting by storage battery or 24V direct-current input power supplying Vin are undertaken after filtering processing by filter circuit, transfer to overvoltage crowbar, to process the DC power supply of output by filter circuit, carry out the detection of voltage magnitude, if higher than setting threshold, cut off the transmission path of DC power supply, avoid it to transfer to follow-up DC converting circuit, cause the overvoltage of DC converting circuit and vehicle electronic device to damage; If lower than setting threshold, think safe voltage, through ESD protection circuit (electrostatic discharge protection circuit), transfer to DC converting circuit, to change, generate the required direct current 5V working power of vehicle electronic device, via the output end vo ut output of vehicle power.
As a kind of preferred design of the present embodiment, described filter circuit preferably adopts common-mode filter and differential mode filter Combination Design to realize, shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.Wherein, common-mode filter L7008 be by one group on same magnet ring, but the enameled wire loop of coiling opposite direction forms, and its effect is to utilize two rightabout coils to produce the magnetic field of opposite direction in magnet ring, thereby by the common mode interference signal filtering in input power Vin.By two inputs of common-mode filter L7008 respectively with the positive pole of input power Vin+with negative pole-corresponding connection, and on positive pole+line of input power Vin series diode D7004, guarantee the correct flow direction of input power electric current, simultaneously the positive pole of input power Vin+with negative pole-between distinguish shunt capacitance C7034, C7043, C7033, to play the effect of elementary filtering.On the line of two outputs of common-mode filter L7008, corresponding series connection two inductance coil L7011, L7010, form described differential mode filter, shown in Figure 2.These two inductance coil L7011, L7010 are called again annular choking-winding, are to realize by one group of enameled wire loop on annular magnet, and its effect is that the differential mode noise in input power Vin is suppressed.At the further cross-over connection filter capacitor C7037 of the output of two inductance coil L7011, L7010, the negative pole of described filter capacitor C7037 can connected system ground, common formation LC low-pass filter circuit, does further filtering to the interference signal in power-supply system and processes.
When vehicle power being carried out to pcb board design, that need to consider the negative pole of prime filter circuit and complete machine systematically carries out isolation design, be that power cathode before system ground wire and filter circuit need to be isolated, to prevent that power-switching circuit that interference signal is crossed the present embodiment by system ground wire from having influence on the work of rear class small signal circuit system.
In order to reach this purpose of design, the present embodiment is cross-over connection one isolation capacitance C7041 between the negative input of filter circuit (connect input power Vin negative pole-input) and cathode output end (being the output on connected system ground), shown in Figure 1, with realize the negative pole of input power Vin-with the isolation of system ground wire.For the filter circuit being formed by common-mode filter L7008 and differential mode filter L7011, L7010, can specifically described isolation capacitance C7041 be connected across to the one end on negative input and the differential mode filter L7010 connected system ground of common-mode filter L7008, shown in Figure 2, when playing buffer action, further meet the release design needs of path of ESD protection circuit.
Input power Vin carries out via filter circuit, after the filtering processing of interference signal, generating DC power supply Vdc and transferring to follow-up overvoltage crowbar, carries out overvoltage protective treatment.Shown in Figure 2, the overvoltage crowbar of the present embodiment is mainly called the first voltage-stabiliser tube D7007 by a voltage-stabiliser tube D7007() and two transistor Q7003, Q7002 set up and form.Wherein, utilize the characteristic of voltage-stabiliser tube D7007 conducting when its reverse voltage arrives its puncture voltage, the overvoltage protection threshold value of initialization circuit.The control utmost point of the negative electrode of voltage-stabiliser tube D7007 and the first transistor Q7003 is connected to DC power supply Vdc; by the control utmost point of the anodic bonding transistor seconds Q7002 of voltage-stabiliser tube D7007; when the DC power supply Vdc exporting by filter circuit lower than set overvoltage protection threshold value time; while being less than the reverse breakdown voltage value of voltage-stabiliser tube D7007; the first transistor Q7003 is saturation conduction under the effect of DC power supply Vdc, and the switch ways by DC power supply Vdc by the first transistor Q7003 transfers to follow-up ESD circuit and DC converting circuit.And when the DC power supply Vdc exporting by filter circuit higher than set overvoltage protection threshold value time; while being greater than the reverse breakdown voltage value of voltage-stabiliser tube D7007; voltage-stabiliser tube D7007 conducting; control transistor seconds Q7002 saturation conduction; the current potential of the control utmost point of the first transistor Q7003 is dragged down, control the first transistor Q7003 cut-off, and then the transmission path that cuts off DC power supply Vdc; avoid it to export DC converting circuit to, cause the overvoltage of subsequent conditioning circuit to damage.
As a kind of preferred design of the present embodiment, two described transistor Q7003, Q7002 preferably adopt two NPN type triodes to carry out circuit design, shown in Figure 2.The collector electrode of the one NPN type triode Q7003 is connected to DC power supply Vdc, and emitter connects ESD protection circuit and DC converting circuit, and base stage connects another voltage-stabiliser tube D7008(and is called the second voltage-stabiliser tube D7008) negative electrode.By the collector electrode of the anodic bonding of the second voltage-stabiliser tube D7008 the 2nd NPN type triode Q7002, and connect described DC power supply Vdc by current-limiting resistance R7022.By the grounded emitter of triode Q7002, base stage connects the anode of the first voltage-stabiliser tube D7007 by current-limiting resistance R7003, and by divider resistance R7001 ground connection.
The reverse breakdown voltage value of supposing the first voltage-stabiliser tube D7007 is 36V, when circuit works, the first voltage-stabiliser tube D7007 cut-off, the base voltage that makes triode Q7002 is low, enters cut-off state, and triode Q7003 saturation conduction, the DC power supply Vdc exporting by filter circuit is transferred to follow-up ESD protection circuit and DC converting circuit, after ESD protection and DC-DC conversion process, the 5V DC power supply of stable output, is vehicle-mounted small-signal electronic equipment power supply.Work as circuit abnormal, while making the DC power supply Vdc that exports by filter circuit surpass 36V, the first voltage-stabiliser tube D7007 conducting, draw high the base potential of triode Q7002, trigger triode Q7002 saturation conduction, and then the base potential of triode Q7003 is dragged down, make triode Q7003 cannot maintain conducting state, enter cut-off state, to cut off the transmission path of DC power supply Vdc, avoid follow-up DC converting circuit to cause overvoltage to impact.
The overvoltage crowbar that the present embodiment proposes; not that the overvoltage that coordinates fuse to realize disposable Fuse Type by simple power voltage-regulator diode is protected; but realize 100V by specific circuit design, do not damage below; the overvoltage protection of the above auto-breaking of 36V and renewable type, its design realizes has good practical value.In addition, owing to need to the base potential of the one NPN type triode Q7003 being dragged down by the conducting of the 2nd NPN type triode Q7002, realize the cut-off of a NPN type triode Q7003, therefore in order to guarantee that collection emitter-base bandgap grading saturation voltage drop under the 2nd NPN type triode Q7002 conducting state is lower than the base-on voltage of a NPN type triode Q7003, when design, increased by the second voltage-stabiliser tube D7008, carried out the needed voltage of lifting the one NPN type triode Q7003 base stage conducting.
Certainly, two described transistors also can adopt the controllable switch element such as field effect transistor, controllable silicon to carry out the specific design of circuit system, and the present embodiment is not limited in above giving an example.
The ability that suppresses surge voltage, opposing electrostatic impact for circuit system is had, the present embodiment has also further designed electrostatic discharge protection circuit between overvoltage crowbar and DC converting circuit, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.In described electrostatic discharge protection circuit, can specifically adopt Transient Voltage Suppressor (being TVS diode) D7005 or piezo-resistance RV7001 be connected to transmitting DC circuit and systematically between, with the surge voltage of introducing in limiting circuitry.Described TVS diode D7005 and piezo-resistance RV7001 can only select a kind of connection in the line.
After electrostatic discharge protection circuit, can further connect final stage filter capacitor C7038, shown in Figure 2, to play last power supply voltage stabilizing and rectified action.
Fig. 3 is a kind of preferred circuit design of the DC converting circuit that proposes of the present embodiment, specifically by a DC-to-DC conversion chip IC7002(or LDO voltage stabilizing chip) coordinate simple peripheral circuit to set up to form.The DC power supply V12 that processes output by filter circuit, overvoltage crowbar, ESD protection circuit and final stage filter capacitor C7038 is transferred to the input pin VIN3 of DC-to-DC conversion chip IC7002; via DC-to-DC conversion chip IC7002, convert thereof into 5V DC supply V5.0; output pin SW18 by chip IC 7002 exports; and then externally export via the output end vo ut of vehicle power, for the small-signal electronic equipment on vehicle-mounted provides working power.
In addition, the present embodiment has also designed fuse F1 in input power Vin side, shown in Figure 1.Described fuse F1 is designed on circuit board, but is placed on power line, adopts a fuse box to realize, and can be convenient to user and in needs, manually change fuse.
Certainly, the power-switching circuit of the present embodiment also can be applied in other power supply units except vehicle power, to for its required stable DC supply is provided by electric loading, guarantee each electricity consumption payload security electricity consumption.
Certainly; the above is only a kind of preferred implementation of the present utility model, for those skilled in the art, is not departing under the prerequisite of the utility model principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection range of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. a power-switching circuit, is characterized in that: comprise filter circuit, overvoltage crowbar and DC converting circuit that input power is processed successively; In described overvoltage crowbar, be provided with the first voltage-stabiliser tube and two transistors; the DC power supply of processing output by filter circuit transfers to respectively the negative electrode of the first voltage-stabiliser tube and the control utmost point of the first transistor; the control utmost point of the anodic bonding transistor seconds of the first voltage-stabiliser tube; the switch ways of transistor seconds be connected to the control utmost point of the first transistor and systematically between; the switch ways of the first transistor is connected between filter circuit and DC converting circuit, to process the transmission path of the DC power supply of output by filter circuit, carries out break-make control.
2. power-switching circuit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the switch ways of described transistor seconds connects the anode of the second voltage-stabiliser tube, and the negative electrode of the second voltage-stabiliser tube connects the control utmost point of the first transistor.
3. power-switching circuit according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: two described transistors are two NPN type triodes, the collector electrode of the one NPN type triode receives the DC power supply of processing output by filter circuit, emitter connects DC converting circuit, base stage connects the negative electrode of described the second voltage-stabiliser tube, the collector electrode of the anodic bonding of described the second voltage-stabiliser tube the 2nd NPN type triode, and by current-limiting resistance, connect the collector electrode of a NPN type triode; The emitter connected system ground of described the 2nd NPN type triode, base stage connects the anode of the first voltage-stabiliser tube.
4. power-switching circuit according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the anode of described the first voltage-stabiliser tube passes through divider resistance ground connection, and by another current-limiting resistance, connects the base stage of described the 2nd NPN type triode.
5. according to the power-switching circuit described in any one in claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: two inputs of described filter circuit respectively be connected corresponding with negative pole of positive pole of input power, cathode output end connects described overvoltage crowbar, cathode output end connected system ground; Between the negative input of filter circuit and cathode output end, cross-over connection has isolation capacitance.
6. power-switching circuit according to claim 5; it is characterized in that: in described filter circuit, be provided with common-mode filter and differential mode filter; two inputs of described common-mode filter respectively be connected corresponding with negative pole of positive pole of input power; two outputs of common-mode filter connect differential mode filter, by described differential mode filter, connect described overvoltage crowbar.
7. power-switching circuit according to claim 6, is characterized in that: between two outputs of described differential mode filter, cross-over connection has filter capacitor, the negative pole connected system ground of described filter capacitor.
8. power-switching circuit according to claim 5; it is characterized in that: between described overvoltage crowbar and DC converting circuit, be also provided with electrostatic discharge protection circuit, in described electrostatic discharge protection circuit, be provided be connected to transmitting DC circuit and systematically between Transient Voltage Suppressor or piezo-resistance.
9. power-switching circuit according to claim 5; it is characterized in that: in described DC converting circuit, be provided with a DC-to-DC conversion chip; described DC-to-DC conversion chip receives the DC power supply of overvoltage crowbar output, converts the required working power output of rear class load to.
10. a vehicle power, is characterized in that: in described vehicle power, be provided with the power-switching circuit as described in any one claim in claim 1 to 9, described input power is the DC power supply of being exported by in-vehicle secondary battery.
CN201320463091.3U 2013-07-31 2013-07-31 Power-switching circuit and vehicle power supply Expired - Lifetime CN203434856U (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108365768A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-08-03 北京知行新能科技有限公司 One kind being tethered at unmanned plane high voltage supply system
CN110147062A (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-08-20 天津恒天新能源汽车研究院有限公司 Car-mounted terminal and new-energy automobile with it
CN112382251A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-02-19 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 Time sequence control drive board, display panel and display device
CN113346749A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-09-03 湖南东嘉智能科技有限公司 Power supply voltage stabilization integrating circuit

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108365768A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-08-03 北京知行新能科技有限公司 One kind being tethered at unmanned plane high voltage supply system
CN110147062A (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-08-20 天津恒天新能源汽车研究院有限公司 Car-mounted terminal and new-energy automobile with it
CN112382251A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-02-19 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 Time sequence control drive board, display panel and display device
WO2022116309A1 (en) * 2020-12-01 2022-06-09 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 Timing control driving board, display panel, and display device
CN113346749A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-09-03 湖南东嘉智能科技有限公司 Power supply voltage stabilization integrating circuit

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Granted publication date: 20140212