CN203402992U - Integrated two-stage membrane bioreactor - Google Patents
Integrated two-stage membrane bioreactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN203402992U CN203402992U CN201320475374.XU CN201320475374U CN203402992U CN 203402992 U CN203402992 U CN 203402992U CN 201320475374 U CN201320475374 U CN 201320475374U CN 203402992 U CN203402992 U CN 203402992U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the field of the sewage disposal technology and the membrane separation technology of environmental protection, and provides a novel integrated two-stage membrane bioreactor, wherein the novel integrated two-stage membrane bioreactor aims to solve the problems that as membrane components in a membrane bioreactor in the prior art are prone to pollution, the water yield of the membrane bioreactor is reduced, the cleaning process is complex and membrane assembles are short in service life. The novel integrated two-stage membrane bioreactor comprises at least one biological reaction pool, wherein a primary filter and a membrane separation device are arranged in the biological reaction pool, the membrane separation device is arranged inside the primary filter, and the primary filter forms an isolated inner pool between the biological reaction pool and the membrane separation device. After being decomposed in the biological reaction pool through microorganisms, sewage can enter the inner pool only after being filtered by the primary filter, and then the sewage enters the membrane separation device to be separated. According to the integrated two-stage membrane bioreactor, the primary filter system is additionally arranged before membrane separation, sludge flocculating constituents with large grain sizes and particulate matter are blocked in the biological reaction pool, pollution to the membrane components is reduced remarkably, the service life of the membrane components is prolonged, membrane flux and the water yield in the using process are improved, and aeration for washing the membrane components and energy and water needed by back wash can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sewage disposal technology and the membrane separation technique field of environment protection, particularly a kind of integral type film biological reactor, and the method for using this membrane bioreactor purifying treatment sewage.
Background technology
Membrane bioreactor (Membrane Bio-Reactor, MBR) be by the Novel waste water treatment system of membrane separation technique and biologic treating technique combination, the membrane module of usining replaces the secondary sedimentation basins in traditional biological treatment technology as mud-water separation unit, has the advantages such as floor space is little, effluent quality good, operational management is simple.Membrane bioreactor utilizes membrane separation plant that active sludge and larger molecular organics are trapped in bio-reactor, realization response device hydraulic detention time (HRT) is complete separated with sludge age (SRT), in bio-reactor, keep high reactivity sludge concentration, improve biological treatment organic loading, thereby reduce sewage treatment facility floor space, and by keeping low sludge loading to reduce surplus sludge volume.
Active sludge intermixture is complicated and serious to the pollution of membrane module, solid particulate in waste water, organic macromolecule, dissolved matter and microorganism species and metabolite thereof form flocs unit and deposit and be adsorbed on film surface, form the very strong gel coat of adhesion, and constantly accumulate and form obstruction.Film pollution not only increases filtration resistance, has reduced membrane flux, thereby has reduced water production rate; Further, need gas and the hydrodynamic cleaning device of increase for controlling diaphragm pollutes, cause equipment energy consumption very large, operation and maintenance expense is high, becomes the major obstacle of restriction membrane Bio-reactor Technology commercial applications development.
The research of Cabassud etc. shows, traditional active sludge treatment process is different from the distribution of sizes of the flocs unit of mud in membrane bioreactor, in traditional active sludge treatment process, the average particle size particle size of activated sludge floc is approximately 160 microns, and the average particle size particle size of activated sludge floc is about 240 microns of (Submerged membrane bioreactors:Interactions between membrane filtration and biological activity in membrane bioreactor, Proceedings of Water Environment-Membrane Technology Conference, Seoul, Korea, 2004).Further,, there is Double-peak Phenomenon at 5～20 microns and 240 microns of annexes in the size distribution of activated sludge floc in membrane bioreactor.The research of Bae etc. shows, in membrane bioreactor, the distribution of sizes of activated sludge floc is in 10～40 micrometer ranges, median size is about 25 microns of (Interpretation of fouling characteristics of ultrafiltration membrane during the filtration of membrane bioreactor mixed liquor, J.Membrane Sci., 2005, Vol.264).
Therefore, to existing membrane biological reactor process, if increased primary filter system before membrane sepn, the activated sludge floc of greater particle size and particulate matter are stopped, make it can not enter membrane separation assemblies, just can greatly reduce the pollution to membrane module, thereby increase the life-span of water production rate, membrane component and prolong, reduce operation and maintenance cost.
Chinese patent " film filter of double filtration " (201210052668.1), " film filter of pasture and water formula double filtration " (201210052670.9) propose the film filter of double filtration; many capillaries film is crossed the protection of filter ruffle parcel by a screen cloth, to solve the problem of capillary membranes root fragility.The key distinction of these two patents is only that whether one end is sealed, and all points out in specification sheets: screen cloth cross filter ruffle return circular diameter to be greater than 50mm time its internal membrane silk between pollutent be difficult to remove by backwash; When crossing filter ruffle and/or surperficial dirty the blocking up of capillary membranes, screen cloth can recover filtration efficiency by backwash or matting.As can be seen here, although this screen cloth is crossed the effect that filter ruffle also plays primary filter, energy filter fiber material is to avoid contacting winding with capillary membranes; But as this film filter is used for to submerged membrane bio-reactor, not only biological sludge can not be trapped within biological reaction tank, can, after entering screen cloth and crossing in filter ruffle, because screen cloth is crossed the resistance of filter ruffle and cannot be removed by backwash, thereby increase the pollution to film surface on the contrary.
Chinese patent " a kind of method of preventing separated type MBR flat sheet membrane to pollute " (201210027325.X) proposes a kind of method of preventing separated type MBR flat sheet membrane to pollute, in membrane module case, increase bottom and top mesh, between screen cloth, add granular filler, make its stirring that circulates in membrane module.Although this scheme is provided with screen cloth outward at membrane module, but mesh size is 2mm, therefore can not stop contacting of activated sludge floc and particulate matter and film surface, its object is to make up common aeration for the deficiency of film surface shear power by the stirring of granular filler, improves the cleanup action for film surface.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is that the membrane module that overcomes integral type in prior art (also claiming immersion, submerged) membrane bioreactor easily pollutes, thereby cause the reduction of membrane reactor water production rate, cleaning process complexity, short problem of membrane module life-span, a kind of technical scheme of novel twin-stage membrane bioreactor is provided, by prime filter, biological reaction tank and membrane sepn pond are separated, to reduce the pollution of biological sludge to membrane module.
For solving above technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A membrane bioreactor, comprises at least one biological reaction tank, it is characterized in that: in (1) described biological reaction tank, be provided with prime filter and membrane sepn device; (2) described membrane sepn device is placed in the inside of described prime filter; (3) sewage is after biological reaction tank is by microorganism disaggregating treatment, after prime filter filters, then enters membrane sepn device and carries out separation.Through the filtration of prime filter, activated sludge floc and particulate matter are trapped in biological reaction tank, do not enter membrane sepn pond, thereby avoid or reduced the pollution of biological sludge to membrane module.
Preferably, described prime filter is the housing of being located at described membrane sepn device outside, it is characterized in that, the side of described housing and/or end face, bottom surface are provided with primary filter net.Particularly, described prime filter is the housing of being located at described membrane sepn device outside, and the side of described housing and end face seal, in the bottom surface of housing, are provided with primary filter net; Or the end face of described housing and bottom surface sealing, be provided with primary filter net in the side of housing.
Preferably, described prime filter is the cylindrical shell of being located at described membrane sepn device outside, it is characterized in that: the 1) open top of described cylindrical shell, and aperture position is higher than the liquid level of biological reaction tank; 2) side of described housing and/or bottom surface are provided with primary filter net.This structure is convenient to dismounting and is changed primary filter net, and cylindrical shell top communicates with outside air, is convenient to air purge.
Described Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor, is provided with the washing unit of prime filter, it is characterized in that, described washing unit is gas purging device, or hydrodynamic cleaning device, or mechanical scrub device, or vibration washing device.Washing unit can reduce the pollution of biological sludge to prime filter.Even if prime filter stops up and causes pressure reduction increase, aquifer yield to reduce because of chronic pollution, in the time of can not regenerating by on-line cleaning device again, as long as prime filter is pulled down by off-line and cleaned or changed, just can recover rapidly the sewage disposal performance of membrane bioreactor.
Preferably, described Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor is provided with gas purging device in the side of primary filter net, and the distance of gas purging device shower nozzle and primary filter net is 0～1.0cm.
Preferably, described Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor is provided with movable gas purging device, it is characterized in that: 1) described gas purging device comprises shower nozzle, connecting hose, guide rail and drive unit, 2) one end of connecting hose communicates with shower nozzle, and the other end communicates with gas blower or topping-up pump; 3) drive unit can drive shower nozzle along guide rail movement; 4) open top of described prime filter, or be provided with vapor pipe.
Preferably, described Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor, be provided with movable mechanical scrub device, it is characterized in that: 1) described mechanical scrub device comprises brush, guide rail and drive unit, 2) described drive unit can drive brush along guide rail movement, screen surface to described prime filter is scrubbed, and can more effectively reduce the pollution of biological sludge to prime filter.
Further, described mechanical cleaning device and aforementioned gas purging device or hydrodynamic cleaning device are become one, can more effectively remove the tamper of primary filter net surface, reduce the pollution of primary filter net.
Preferably, described Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor, is characterized in that, the filtering accuracy of described membrane sepn device is between 0.01～1 micron, and the filtering accuracy of described prime filter is between 5～50 microns.Further, 1) when the filtering accuracy of membrane sepn device is between 0.01～0.1 micron, the filtering accuracy of prime filter is between 5～25 microns; 2) when the filtering accuracy of membrane sepn device is between 0.1～1 micron, the filtering accuracy of prime filter is between 10～50 microns.
The effect of prime filter is filter and hold back biological sludge, and prime filter can be millipore filter, and filter material is made by metal screen, nylon leaching net, ceramic element, microfiltration membrane or non-woven fabrics, so prime filter more easily cleans than membrane module.
The technical scheme of Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor provided by the invention, by prime filter, the membrane module in integral bio reaction tank and large particle diameter pollutent are separated, to be rich in microbic activity mud and macromole is trapped in outside prime filter, significantly reduced the pollution of biological sludge to membrane module, work-ing life that not only can membrane component and prolong, improve membrane flux and water production rate in use procedure, and can reduce aeration and required energy and the water purification of back flushing of rinsing membrane module.
With reference to appended accompanying drawing, and the explanation of following embodiment, be appreciated that object of the present invention, feature and effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that a kind of schematic diagram of integral type film biological reactor of prior art.
Figure 2 shows that a kind of schematic diagram of Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor.
Figure 3 shows that the schematic diagram of another kind of Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-:
A kind of schematic diagram of integral type film biological reactor of prior art as shown in Figure 1.
In membrane bioreactor 101, be provided with membrane sepn device 102 and the active sludge that is rich in aerobic microbiological.Pending sewage, from water-in 103 enters membrane bioreactor 101 and carries out a biological disposal upon, is discharged from water outlet 105 under the suction function of production fluid pump 104.In membrane bioreactor 101, be also provided with aeration plate 107, air pumps into membrane bioreactor by aeration plate 107 under the effect of gas blower 106, decomposes the speed of response of dirty water pollutant to improve aerobic microbiological.
In engineering practice membrane bioreactor, be also provided with reverse aeration or the counterflush system of membrane sepn device, to reduce the pollution of active sludge to film surface.
Embodiment bis-:
Accompanying drawing 2 is schematic diagrams of a kind of Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor of implementing according to technical scheme provided by the invention.
A membrane bioreactor, comprises biological reaction tank 201, is provided with prime filter 208 and membrane sepn device 202 in biological reaction tank 201.Prime filter 208 is housings of being located at membrane sepn device 202 outsides, and the side of housing and end face sealing, be provided with primary filter net 209 in the bottom surface of housing.Membrane sepn device 202 is placed in the inside of prime filter 208.Prime filter forms the housing of an airtight isolation between biological reaction tank and membrane sepn device, and the sewage in biological reaction tank must just can enter enclosure interior by primary filter net.Sewage from water-in 203 enter biological reaction tank 201 by microorganism disaggregating treatment, after primary filter net 209 filters, under the suction function of production fluid pump 204, from water outlet 205, discharge.
In the present embodiment, the side of prime filter housing and end face sealing, only establish primary filter net in bottom surface, makes mud be not easy to stop up in primary filter net deposition, and can improve the residence time distribution of bioreactor sewage water.But according to design needs, in the side of prime filter housing and/or end face, bottom surface can be provided with primary filter net, also can be by the end face of housing and bottom surface sealing, in the side of housing, be provided with primary filter net.
Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor is also provided with the washing unit of primary filter net, can reduce the pollution of biological sludge to prime filter.Described washing unit is gas purging device, or hydrodynamic cleaning device, or mechanical scrub device, or vibration washing device.
In the present embodiment, at the downside of biological reaction tank 201, primary filter net 209, be provided with gas purging device 307.Air, under the effect of gas blower 206, sprays to primary filter net 209 by gas purging device 207 and purges, and the top of prime filter is provided with vapor pipe.In biological reaction tank, be also provided with aerating apparatus, for aerobic microbiological provides oxygen, to improve aerobic microbiological, decompose the speed of response of dirty water pollutant.Further, described Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor can arrange movable mechanical scrub device (this mechanism does not represent in accompanying drawing 2), it is characterized in that: 1) described mechanical scrub device comprises brush, guide rail and drive unit, 2) described drive unit can drive brush along guide rail movement, and the screen surface of described prime filter is scrubbed.
The filtering accuracy of described membrane sepn device is between 0.01～1 micron, and preferred value is the microfiltration membrane in 0.2～0.5 micron, aperture or the ultra-filtration membrane that aperture is 0.04～0.1 micron.
The effect of described prime filter is filter and hold back biological sludge, and filter material is made by metal screen, nylon leaching net, ceramic element, microfiltration membrane or non-woven fabrics, and filtering accuracy is conventionally between 1～100 micron.
Hydrokinetics rule in Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor is completely different from external placed type, combined film bioreactor, and it is also very large that it pollutes the difference forming with control mechanism.The filtering accuracy of prime filter is very large for the performance impact of Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor.For Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor, experimental study shows: 1) when the filtering accuracy of prime filter is less than 5 microns, impact for membrane module water production rate and water quality is very limited, show that film surface contamination degree is lower, but the now pollution of prime filter and obstruction are comparatively serious, and pressure reduction raises very fast; 2) when the filtering accuracy of prime filter is greater than 50 microns, although macrobead activated sludge floc is stopped, but the colloid that some particle diameters are less, macromole still can pass through, this is the principal pollutant of membrane module just also, therefore film surface still can be polluted gradually, but the speed that transmembrane pressure increases slows down while also prime filter not being installed.Based on experimental study, preferably, the filtering accuracy of described prime filter is between 5～50 microns.
Further, consider the filtering accuracy of prime filter and the filtering accuracy of membrane sepn device is studied and optimizes, test period and workload are very large, and its result is also very complicated.In general, when membrane sepn device aperture reduces, the filtering accuracy of prime filter also will suitably improve, and the aperture of prime filter also will suitably reduce, but this also bring the obstruction of prime filter serious, pressure reduction increases.And when using ultra-filtration membrane as membrane sepn device, when the filtering accuracy of prime filter changes between 3～30 microns, on the impact of ultra-filtration membrane surface contamination little.
Through the screening of lot of experiments, the membrane sepn device for filtering accuracy between 0.1～1 micron, the filtering accuracy of supporting prime filter is that the effect of 10～50 microns is better; And for filtering accuracy the membrane sepn device between 0.01～0.1 micron, the filtering accuracy of supporting prime filter is that the effect of 5～25 microns is better.Obviously, dissimilar sewage, pre-treating technology and microorganism type are very large on the impact of this conclusion, but meaningfully, as long as timely and effective for the cleaning of prime filter, mainly the relation based on hydromeehanics impact is just relatively rationally and effectively for this.And the relatively cleaning of membrane module in conventional membrane bioreactor is even changed and is wanted easy to be many for the cleaning of prime filter.
The can type prime filter that the present embodiment proposes, is particularly suitable for the integral type film biological reactor of plate type membrane assembly, tubular membrane component.
Embodiment tri-:
Accompanying drawing 3 is schematic diagrams of another kind of Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor.
A membrane bioreactor, comprises biological reaction tank 301, is provided with prime filter 308 and membrane sepn device 302 in biological reaction tank 301.Prime filter 308 is cylindrical shells of being located at membrane sepn device 302 outsides, the open top of cylindrical shell, and aperture position is higher than the liquid level of biological reaction tank.Side and bottom surface at described cylindrical shell are provided with primary filter net 309.Membrane sepn device 302 is placed in the inside of prime filter 308.Prime filter forms the interior pond of an isolation between biological reaction tank and membrane sepn device, and the sewage in biological reaction tank must just can enter inner barrel by primary filter net.Sewage from water-in 303 enter biological reaction tank 301 by microorganism disaggregating treatment, after primary filter net 309 filters, under the suction function of production fluid pump 304, from water outlet 305, discharge.
Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor is also provided with the washing unit of primary filter net, can reduce the pollution of biological sludge to prime filter.Described washing unit is gas purging device, or hydrodynamic cleaning device, or mechanical scrub device, or vibration washing device.In the present embodiment, in the side of biological reaction tank 301, primary filter net 309 (downside), be provided with gas purging device 307.Test shows, when shower nozzle contacts with the surface of filtering net, developing result is best; When the surface of shower nozzle and filtering net is during at a distance of 1cm, the impulse force on filtering net surface has been declined to 20%; When the surface of shower nozzle and filtering net is during at a distance of 3cm, the impulse force on filtering net surface has been declined to 50%.Therefore, shower nozzle will try one's best the surface of filtering net, preferred value is 0～1cm.Air, under the effect of gas blower 306, sprays to primary filter net 309 by gas purging device 307 and purges.In biological reaction tank, be also provided with aerating apparatus, for aerobic microbiological provides oxygen, to improve aerobic microbiological, decompose the speed of response of dirty water pollutant.For simplifying technique, aerating apparatus and gas purging device and aerating apparatus can become one.
Further, described gas purging device can be provided with running gear, comprises shower nozzle, connecting hose, guide rail and drive unit, and one end of connecting hose communicates with shower nozzle, the other end communicates with gas blower.The open top of prime filter, or be provided with vapor pipe.Drive unit drives shower nozzle along guide rail movement, and primary filter net is purged to cleaning, can more effectively remove the pollutent on filtering net surface.
The filtering accuracy of described membrane sepn device is between 0.01～1 micron, and preferred value is the microfiltration membrane in 0.2～0.5 micron, aperture or the ultra-filtration membrane that aperture is 0.04～0.1 micron.
The effect of described prime filter is filter and hold back biological sludge, and filter material is made by metal screen, nylon leaching net, ceramic element, microfiltration membrane or non-woven fabrics, and filtering accuracy is conventionally between 1～100 micron.Preferably, the filtering accuracy of described prime filter is between 10～50 microns.
The cartridge type prime filter that the present embodiment proposes, is particularly suitable for the integral type film biological reactor of tubular fibre formula, disc type membrane module and the technological transformation to existing membrane bioreactor.
To apply Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor of the present invention, carry out simultaneous test with the membrane bioreactor of prior art, adopt identical reactor design and operational conditions (production fluid pump constant-pressure operation), difference is only, between biological reaction tank and membrane sepn pond, whether primary filter net and clearing apparatus are installed.Test-results is as follows:
1) if membrane module is not carried out to aeration cleaning and water backwashing: after 30 days, the water production rate of the membrane bioreactor of prior art has reduced by 41.7%, and the water production rate of the membrane bioreactor of the present embodiment has only reduced by 3.6%; After 90 days, the water production rate of the membrane bioreactor of prior art has reduced by 73.0%, and the water production rate of the membrane bioreactor of the present embodiment has only reduced by 5.8%
2) if membrane module is carried out to aeration cleaning and water backwashing: after 30 days, the water production rate of the membrane bioreactor of prior art has reduced by 16.2%, and the water production rate of the membrane bioreactor of the present embodiment has only reduced by 3.1%; After 90 days, the water production rate of the membrane bioreactor of prior art has reduced by 25.4%, and the water production rate of the membrane bioreactor of the present embodiment has only reduced by 4.9%.
Test-results shows, Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor provided by the invention increased primary filter system before membrane sepn, activated sludge floc and the particulate matter of greater particle size have effectively been stopped, significantly reduced the pollution of membrane module, work-ing life that not only can membrane component and prolong, improve membrane flux and water production rate in use procedure, and can reduce aeration and required energy and the water purification of back flushing of rinsing membrane module.
Claims (10)
1. an Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor, comprises at least one biological reaction tank, it is characterized in that:
(1) in described biological reaction tank, be provided with prime filter and membrane sepn device;
(2) described membrane sepn device is placed in the inside of described prime filter;
(3) sewage is after biological reaction tank is by microorganism disaggregating treatment, after prime filter filters, then enters membrane sepn device and carries out separation.
2. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 1, described prime filter is the housing of being located at described membrane sepn device outside, it is characterized in that, the side of described housing and/or end face, bottom surface are provided with primary filter net.
3. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 2, described prime filter is the housing of being located at described membrane sepn device outside, it is characterized in that: the side of described housing and end face seal, in the bottom surface of housing, are provided with primary filter net, or the end face of described housing and bottom surface sealing, be provided with primary filter net in the side of housing.
4. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 1, described prime filter is the cylindrical shell of being located at described membrane sepn device outside, it is characterized in that: the 1) open top of described cylindrical shell, and aperture position is higher than the liquid level of biological reaction tank; 2) side of described cylindrical shell and/or bottom surface are provided with primary filter net.
5. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 1, is provided with the washing unit of described prime filter, it is characterized in that, described washing unit is gas purging device, or hydrodynamic cleaning device, or mechanical scrub device, or vibration washing device.
6. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 5, be provided with movable gas purging device, it is characterized in that: 1) described gas purging device device comprises shower nozzle, connecting hose, guide rail and drive unit, 2) one end of connecting hose communicates with shower nozzle, and the other end communicates with gas blower; 3) drive unit can drive shower nozzle along guide rail movement; 4) open top of described prime filter, or be provided with vapor pipe.
7. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 5, be provided with movable mechanical scrub device, it is characterized in that: 1) described mechanical scrub device comprises brush, guide rail and drive unit, 2) described drive unit can drive brush along guide rail movement, and the screen surface of described prime filter is scrubbed.
8. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the filtering accuracy of described membrane sepn device is between 0.01～1 micron, and the filtering accuracy of prime filter is between 5～50 microns.
9. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 1, is characterized in that 1) when the filtering accuracy of membrane sepn device is between 0.01～0.1 micron, the filtering accuracy of prime filter is between 5～25 microns; 2) when the filtering accuracy of membrane sepn device is between 0.1～1 micron, the filtering accuracy of prime filter is between 10～50 microns.
10. Integral double-stage membrane bioreactor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the filter material of described prime filter is made by metal screen, nylon leaching net, ceramic element, microfiltration membrane, felt-cloth or non-woven fabrics.
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