CN203320113U - Alumetized steel - Google Patents
Alumetized steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN203320113U CN203320113U CN2013204030295U CN201320403029U CN203320113U CN 203320113 U CN203320113 U CN 203320113U CN 2013204030295 U CN2013204030295 U CN 2013204030295U CN 201320403029 U CN201320403029 U CN 201320403029U CN 203320113 U CN203320113 U CN 203320113U
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- alumetized
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Abstract
Alumetized steel comprises a steel workpiece. The surface layer of the steel workpiece sequentially comprises an aluminized coating and an aluminum layer from inside to outside, wherein the aluminized coating and the aluminum layer are of the same crystalline state, and the aluminized coating is 14-29 micrometers thick. A preparation method for the alumetized steel includes the following steps of burning and deoiling of the steel workpiece; acid pickling and rust removal; washing; surface excitation; infiltration supporting; drying; fast alumetizing through induction; immediately immersing the steel workpiece after being dried in an induction mode and heating the steel workpiece in molten aluminum with the temperature of 680-700DEG C for 2-3 min for infiltration. The alumetized steel is obtained through the steps. The alumetized steel has ultrastrong corrosion resistance, heat resistance, abrasive resistance and photothermal reflectivity, meanwhile the bending property of materials is improved, diffusion of surface fragility of the aluminized coating is eliminated, and heat shock resistance and heat fatigue performance are improved. According to the preparation method, the thickness of the aluminized coating can be effectively controlled, the preparation cycle of processes is shortened, efficiency is promoted, and the yield is increased.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the infiltration rings territory, particularly a kind of calorized steel in metal heat treatmet, further also comprises the preparation method of calorized steel.
Background technology
Aluminising is one of effective measure of steel protection, can significantly improve the overall wear resistance of solidity to corrosion, thermotolerance and the material of iron and steel in strong corrosive medium and oxidizing medium.If in steel, aluminum content is greater than 8%, can be at the Al of its Surface Creation densification
2O
3Oxide film, make it to have fabulous corrosion-resistant, resistance of oxidation.But so high aluminium amount will make steel become very crisp, be difficult to carry out cold and hot working and welding, can not withstand shocks and oscillating load.By the method for surface-coated aluminium, both can improve the aluminum content of steel workpieces upper layer, can keep again the good plasticity of heart section and toughness.Form at steel surface the method that applies aluminium lamination a lot, only have at present hot dip process, diffusion process and thermospray comparatively commonly used on producing.Hot dip aluminum plating is a kind of high efficient protected coating grown up after galvanizing.
Tradition hot-dip aluminized steel hot dipping temperature is many in 700 ℃ of intervals, and this temperature range, lower than the austenitizing temperature of steel, although retain the outermost layer aluminum layer, can not form eutectic ferroalloy parts up to standard, therefore multiplex at room temperature or low temperature corrosion environment; As the needs high ambient conditions, need to carry out the Diffusional aluminizing process (980 ℃ of left and right) of several hours of reaching after hot dip process, this process has consumed the solidity to corrosion aluminum layer of material outer layer, and makes the corrosion resistance of final material greatly reduce.The processing method of aluminising has solid alitizing method, Paste Aluminizing method, gas phase calorizing, dipped diffusion calorizing etc.The achievement in research of first three class calorizing is more, but output is lower, share of market little (only accounting for 15% left and right of aluminising product), and the calorizing can be mass mainly be take the dipped diffusion alumetizing process as main.
With regard to hot-dip aluminizing using equipment, the domestic resistive heating infiltration aluminium equipment generally used is mainly to rely on radiative transfer, have following shortcoming: the ferro-aluminum crucible life-span short (generally all in some months) is melted in rate of heating slow (being generally less than 10 ℃/secs), utilization rate of electrical low (40% below), furnace temperature wayward (easily string is warm up and down for burner hearth), hot dipping, the corrosion irony is easily polluted aluminium liquid etc., and these factors have restricted the development of aluminizing technology greatly and in the extensive popularization and application of every profession and trade.
As far back as the eighties, just there is the research of fast electric heating and high-frequency induction heating aluminising in China, Liu Xianshu, Fast Aluminizing overview [J]. metal heat treatmet, 1980(05), Cheng Shuhong etc., high-frequency induction heating aluminising [J]. mechanic, 1987/06, experimental result shows can obviously shorten aluminizing period, improve diffusion layer organization and properties by the method for electric current rapid heating aluminising.But these researchs are all that to take paste method or solid state process aluminising be prerequisite, and many places can't realize industrialization, benefit so far at laboratory stage, have also hindered the industrial applications of Fast Aluminizing technology.
The utility model patent CN1673406A in this patent utility model people Fei Xincheng early stage develop adopt the quick hot dipping alumetizing process of current flow heats, this technique has plurality of advantages than the conventional diffusion alumetizing process: as low as the hot aluminizing temperature (680 ℃ of left and right), aluminising process short (2-4 minute), eliminate infiltration layer and show brittle zone, improve thermal-shock resistance and thermal fatigue and promote more than 10%, can retain the outermost aluminium lamination of aluminising part etc.But the still existent defect of this technique: add hot melt aluminium and still adopt resistance furnace equipment, aluminum melting crucible adopts the iron pan of liner non-metallic material, and the Fast Aluminizing process relies on the additional power source generating unit.The resistance furnace heating efficiency is still relatively low, and the thermal conductivity of inner lining material iron pan is low, and when this causes producing in enormous quantities, temperature of aluminum liquid can not compensate and rise again in time, and therefore, the maximum annual production of production line is only in ten thousand tons of left and right of 1-1.2.In addition, the ferro-aluminium layer thickness of aluminising steel workpieces can not be effectively controlled (generally surpass 30 microns, the thickest reach 75 microns), and this final bending property to material, toughness, impact briquetting performance are damaged to some extent.
The steel workpieces pickling of pretreatment technique of aluminising industry, mostly be horizontal pickling tub at present, and acid strength is large, the gaseous volatilization environmental pollution is large, and the workpiece pickling time is long, and efficiency is low, and the pickling workpiece easily produces hydrogen embrittlement and causes the infiltration layer of final aluminising part to have crackle.The disclosed sulfuric acid concentration of Chinese patent CN1392283A is 20% ~ 25%, pickling time 15 ~ 20 minutes.The disclosed sulfuric acid concentration 15% of patent CN1673406A and concentration of hydrochloric acid 10% mixing acid washing lotion, pickling time also needs 15 minutes.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of calorized steel, when possessing the superpower solidity to corrosion of traditional hot dip alumin(i)um coating, photothermal reflectance, thermotolerance, the wear resistance that also can have both the dispersion pattern aluminized coating, and improve the brake forming performance of final material, eliminate the surface brittleness district of conventional diffusion aluminized coating, improve thermal-shock resistance and thermal fatigue.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the utility model adopts is: a kind of calorized steel, comprise steel workpieces, and described steel workpieces top layer is provided with aluminized coating and aluminium lamination from the inside to the outside successively, and described aluminized coating thickness is 14 ~ 29 μ m.
Described aluminized coating thickness is 15 ~ 28 μ m.
Described aluminized coating thickness is 15 ~ 24 μ m.
Described aluminized coating thickness is 15 ~ 20 μ m.
Also form pellumina outside aluminium lamination.
The ferroalloy parts that described aluminized coating is column eutectic state, the Surface Vertical of styloid and aluminium lamination.
Described calorized steel unit elongation reaches 25%.
Described calorized steel unit elongation reaches 27%.
Described calorized steel unit elongation reaches 29.5%.
A kind of preparation method who prepares above-mentioned calorized steel comprises the following steps:
One, steel workpieces is dried to burn off oil;
Two, acid pickling and rust removing;
Three, washing;
Four, surface active;
Five, help and ooze;
Six, dry;
Seven, induction Fast Aluminizing;
Steel workpieces after oven dry immerses immediately take induction mode and is heated in aluminium liquid that temperature is 680 ~ 700 ℃, and the infiltration time is 2 ~ 3min;
Obtain calorized steel by above-mentioned steps.
Described aluminium liquid is fine aluminium liquid, or the aluminium liquid that contains mass percent 0.5 ~ 0.8% lead, 0.04 ~ 0.08% antimony.
In step 1, by the steel workpieces chemical degreasing, in the temperature range of 400 ℃ ~ 450 ℃, dry burn off oil treatment 10min to surface clean without oil.
In step 2, the component of pickle solution is the wt98H that mass percent is 2 ~ 3%
2SO
4, 15 ~ 17% wt36HCl, surplus be water.
Acid pickling step carries out in being connected with the pickling tub of exchange current, and current value is 30-50A, and frequency is 8-10kHz, and pickling time is 2 ~ 3 min.
In step 4, the steel workpieces after flushing immerses immediately containing mass percent 1.6 ~ 2.0%Na
2B
4O
7, 1.8 ~ 2.2%NaNO
2, 27 ~ 33s in 27 ~ 33%NaOH, the surplus activation solution that is water.
The activation solution component is mass percent 1.8%Na
2B
4O
7, 2%NaNO
2, 30%NaOH, surplus be water, the immersion time is 30s.
In step 5, the workpiece after activation immerses immediately containing mass percent 0.2 ~ 0.4%ZrF
4, 0.1 ~ 0.15%Na
2ZrF
6, 0.04 ~ 0.06%ZrO
2, 0.04 ~ 0.06%KMnO
4, to be water help 2 ~ 3min in sepage to surplus.
Helping the sepage component is mass percent 0.3% ZrF
4, 0.12% Na
2ZrF
6, 0.05%ZrO
2, 0.05%KMnO
4, surplus is water.
The parameter of induction heating equipment is frequency 8 ~ 10kHz, power 300 ~ 500kw, and current value is 500-700A.
The parameter of induction heating equipment is frequency 10kHz, power 500kw, and current value is 700A.
In the utility model, the surface strengthen layer of calorized steel consists of aluminium lamination and aluminized coating, and aluminium lamination has determined the performances such as reflection of the weather-proof, anti-corrosion of steel and light (heat); Aluminized coating is the performances such as thermotolerance, high-temperature oxidation, wear resistance and machine-shaping that alloy layer has determined workpiece.
The contriver finds to adopt ultrasonic frequency induction heating method of the present utility model to coordinate quick pickling of the present utility model, activate and help the product obtained after cementation process, aluminized coating, the thickness that is ferroalloy parts is effectively controlled, through inferring, this may a part be that the surface action that can be produced by the outer field current applied causes, and another part is by quick pickling, activation solution component after improvement and the effect that helps the sepage component to play, for example pickling, due to time shorten, has also correspondingly been shortened the thickness of acid accumulator penetration fast.The final thickness of product iron aluminium alloy layer of the present utility model can be controlled at 14 ~ 29 μ m, preferably at 15 ~ 20 μ m, improve thus, cover No. 095 report of searching and show from mechanical industrial surface tectum product quality supervision inspection center's examining report (2013), in the utility model, the unit elongation of calorized steel has reached 29.5% the utility model from of the prior art 24%.
Adopt method of the present utility model, also have the following advantages:
1, adopt the mode of the quick acid pickling and rust removing of the utility model method, pickle solution concentration is low, by applying exchange current, can remove rapidly steel workpieces surface scale and corrosion, obviously accelerate pickling speed, eliminate the hydrogen embrittlement impact of steel workpieces surface, reduce acid consumption, improve the surface quality after pickling.Quick acid cleaning process efficient in the utility model method, energy-conservation, low toxicity not only can improve the production cycle of whole alumetizing process, also can obviously improve the surface quality of final aluminising product.
2, adopt the activation of the utility model method and help and ooze formula, can effectively prevent the secondary oxidation on steel workpieces surface, obviously improving the surface quality after the workpiece aluminising, reducing to leak and ooze incidence.
3, adopt the utilization rate of electrical of ultrasonic frequency induction heating mode can reach 60% ~ 70%, than the traditional resistor type of heating, can improve 20%.Adopt special non-metallic material, for example refractory materials is as molten aluminium crucible, and more than 1 year, solved the difficult problem that the life-span is short, the corrosion irony is polluted aluminium liquid of irony crucible work-ing life.
4, during hot aluminizing, the inductive loop that induction heating power produces on the steel workpieces surface, make the steel workpieces surface can form at short notice austenitizing, and complete the process of grain refining, the diffusion that this contributes to accelerate the aluminium atom, contribute in the short period of time to complete the structural transformation of eutectic ferro-aluminium.Simultaneously, the inductive loop that high frequency changes, produce surface action on the steel workpieces surface, and described surface action refers to for the alternating current in conductor, is greater than the phenomenon of conductor internal current density near the current density at conductive surface place.Along with the raising of power frequency, surface action increases the resistance of conductor, and inductance reduces.Can effectively control depth of penetration through inferring the surface action that induction heating produces.
The Diffusional aluminizing of steel workpieces carries out in the high temperature austenite district, the velocity of diffusion of aluminium atom, with temperature with and the evolving path in austenite relevant.When other conditions are identical, the velocity of diffusion of aluminium atoms along grain boundary is far above the velocity of diffusion in crystal grain inside.Austenite crystal is less, and in unit volume, the crystal boundary total length is larger, and the expanding of aluminium atom is just easier.Therefore, at the influence of high austenizing temp temperature, making steel matrix still keep tiny crystal grain is the key point of accelerating aluminising speed.Austenitic grain size is relevant with rate of heating, high-temperature residence time, superheating temperature △ T etc.Rate of heating is faster, and high-temperature residence time is shorter, and superheating temperature △ T is larger, and crystal grain is just more tiny.And the induced current heating just in time meets above-mentioned requirement.
Adopt high frequency induction current in the utility model, under this technique particular thermal infiltration aluminium, can make steel surface reach rapidly at short notice austenitizing temperature (980 ℃ of left and right), with current expanding type alumetizing process, compare, induction heating gained steel surface grain fineness number is wanted large 5 ~ 7 orders of magnitude.Simultaneously, faradic surface action, make the expanding degree of depth of aluminium atom be limited in again in tens microns, improved greatly bending property and the impact briquetting performance of calorized steel.During induction heating, thermograde be from steel workpieces to aluminium liquid direction, the sample skin temperature is higher than temperature of aluminum liquid, therefore infiltration layer all is comprised of the column crystal of vertical specimen surface, without the iron aluminide layer of fragility, there is no the surface brittleness district.And the resistance furnace type of heating, thermograde is above-mentioned contrary, and therefore, the aluminium atom is easily piled up at workpiece surface, forms brittle zone.
5, the calorized steel product that prepared by this technique had both retained aluminium lamination at the steel workpieces outermost layer, formed again the eutectic ferroalloy parts, and product has retained superpower solidity to corrosion and the photothermal reflectance of aluminium lamination, and superelevation thermotolerance and the wear resistance of eutectic ferroalloy parts.
6, adopt the utility model method to carry out aluminising production, whole process cycle is short, and efficiency is high, and energy consumption is low, and cost is low, easily realizes the industrial production of mass-producing, benefit.
Calorized steel material structure prepared by the utility model and performance are as following table:
Table 1 and Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are material property and the microtextures of common Q 235 hot-rolled angle steels after this technique hot-dip aluminizing using.Visible, after the aluminising of the utility model method Rapid Thermal, the aluminising diffusion layer degree of depth is effectively controlled, and the final mechanical property of material is not damaged, and has superpower sea water corrosion resistant and thermotolerance.
In addition, digital proof by experiment, aluminized coating prepared by this technique, than the conventional diffusion aluminized coating, when eliminating the surface brittleness district, improves thermal shocking stability and thermal fatigue property respectively more than 10%.
Structure property after the 235 angle steel induction aluminisings of table 1 common Q:
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is described in further detail:
The sectional schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is the utility model product structure.
Fig. 2 is the lower metallographic structure micro-structure diagrams of 500 times of the utility model product.
Fig. 3 is the lower ferroalloy parts thickness charts of 500 times of the utility model product.
In figure: steel workpieces 1, aluminized coating 2, aluminium lamination 3, pellumina 4.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1, a kind of calorized steel, comprise steel workpieces 1, and described steel workpieces 1 top layer is provided with aluminized coating 2 and aluminium lamination 3 from the inside to the outside successively, and described aluminized coating 2 thickness are 14 ~ 29 μ m.Microtexture thus, product of the present utility model, when still possessing superpower solidity to corrosion, thermotolerance, wear resistance and photothermal reflectance, improves the bending property of material, eliminates the surface brittleness of Diffusional aluminizing layer, improves thermal-shock resistance and thermal fatigue.
Preferably, described aluminized coating 2 thickness are 15 ~ 28 μ m.
Preferably, described aluminized coating 2 thickness are 15 ~ 24 μ m.
Preferably, described aluminized coating 2 thickness are 15 ~ 20 μ m.
Also form compact aluminum oxide film 4 outside aluminized coating 2.Structure, improved solidity to corrosion, thermotolerance, wear resistance thus.
The ferroalloy parts that described aluminized coating 2 is column eutectic state, the Surface Vertical of styloid and aluminium lamination.Microtexture thus, eliminated the surface brittleness district of product.
Preferably, described calorized steel unit elongation reaches 25%.
Preferably, described calorized steel unit elongation reaches 27%.
Preferably, described calorized steel unit elongation reaches 29.5%.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of preparation method who prepares above-mentioned calorized steel comprises the following steps:
One, steel workpieces is dried to burn off oil; By steel workpieces 1 chemical degreasing, in the temperature range of 400 ℃ ~ 450 ℃, dry burn off oil treatment 10min to surface clean without oil.
Two, acid pickling and rust removing; Steel workpieces 1 after oil removing immerses in pickle solution, and the pickle solution component is the wt98H that mass percent is 2 ~ 3%
2SO
4, 15 ~ 17% wt36HCl, surplus be water.
Preferably, acid pickling step carries out in being connected with the pickling tub of exchange current, and current value is 30-50A, and supply frequency is 8 ~ 10kHz, and pickling time is 2 ~ 3 min.Method thus, significantly shortened time of pickling, also reduced sour concentration.
Three, washing; The complete steel workpieces 1 that eliminates rust, with high pressure water washing 1 ~ 2 time.
Four, surface active; Steel workpieces 1 after flushing immerses immediately containing mass percent 1.6 ~ 2.0%Na
2B
4O
7, 1.8 ~ 2.2%NaNO
2, 27 ~ 33s in 27 ~ 33%NaOH, the surplus activation solution that is water.
Preferably, the activation solution component is mass percent 1.8%Na
2B
4O
7, 2%NaNO
2, 30%NaOH, surplus be water, the immersion time is 30s.
Five, help and ooze; Workpiece after activation immerses immediately containing mass percent 0.2 ~ 0.4%ZrF
4, 0.1 ~ 0.15%Na
2ZrF
6, 0.04 ~ 0.06%ZrO
2, 0.04 ~ 0.06%KMnO
4, to be water help 2 ~ 3min in sepage to surplus.
Preferably, helping the sepage component is mass percent 0.3% ZrF
4, 0.12% Na
2ZrF
6, 0.05%ZrO
2, 0.05%KMnO
4, surplus is water.
Six, dry; Help the workpiece after oozing to dry 3min at 300 ℃ of temperature.
Seven, induction Fast Aluminizing;
Steel workpieces after oven dry immerses immediately take induction mode and is heated in aluminium liquid that temperature is 700 ℃, and the infiltration time is 2 ~ 3min; Aluminium liquid described in this example is fine aluminium liquid.
Preferably, the parameter of induction heating equipment is frequency 8 ~ 10kHz, power 300 ~ 500kw, and current value is 500-700A.Further preferred, the parameter of induction heating equipment is frequency 10 kHz, power 500kw, and current value is 700A.
Obtain calorized steel by above-mentioned steps.Unlike the prior art, method of the present utility model has also been cancelled the step of solvent treatment in the prior art, has further improved production efficiency.
Embodiment 2:
Different from embodiment 1, the mode with induction heating in this example is heated to 680 ℃, the aluminium liquid of the aluminium fluid component in this example for containing mass percent 0.5 ~ 0.8% lead, 0.04 ~ 0.08% antimony.
Preferably, the aluminium fluid component is the aluminium liquid that contains mass percent 0.7% lead, 0.06% antimony.Adopt the aluminium liquid of this component, can reduce the temperature of heating.
Claims (5)
1. a calorized steel, comprise steel workpieces (1), it is characterized in that: described steel workpieces (1) top layer is provided with aluminized coating (2) and aluminium lamination (3) from the inside to the outside successively, and described aluminized coating (2) thickness is 14 ~ 29 μ m.
2. a kind of calorized steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described aluminized coating (2) thickness is 15 ~ 28 μ m.
3. a kind of calorized steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described aluminized coating (2) thickness is 15 ~ 24 μ m.
4. a kind of calorized steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described aluminized coating (2) thickness is 15 ~ 20 μ m.
5. according to the described a kind of calorized steel of claim 1 ~ 4 any one, it is characterized in that: also form pellumina (4) outside aluminium lamination (3).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013204030295U CN203320113U (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2013-07-08 | Alumetized steel |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013204030295U CN203320113U (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2013-07-08 | Alumetized steel |
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| CN203320113U true CN203320113U (en) | 2013-12-04 |
Family
ID=49659482
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107815630A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-03-20 | 三峡大学 | A kind of Q235 alumetized steels and preparation method thereof |
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2013
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107815630A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-03-20 | 三峡大学 | A kind of Q235 alumetized steels and preparation method thereof |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131204 Termination date: 20160708 |