CN203313435U - Transparent panel - Google Patents
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- CN203313435U CN203313435U CN2012204824581U CN201220482458U CN203313435U CN 203313435 U CN203313435 U CN 203313435U CN 2012204824581 U CN2012204824581 U CN 2012204824581U CN 201220482458 U CN201220482458 U CN 201220482458U CN 203313435 U CN203313435 U CN 203313435U
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Abstract
Provided is a transparent panel. The transparent panel has an electrically heatable coating which extends at least along a part of a panel surface and is electrically connected to at least two first electrodes in electrical connection to both poles of a voltage source. By applying a feed voltage, a heating current flows over a heating field formed between the two first electrodes. At least a second electrode in electrical connection with one pole of the voltage source is arranged; the second electrode has at least one feed line section disposed in a coating-free zone section by section, and one or more connection sections connected to the feed line section; the feed line section is composed of at least two mutually isolated feed line portions; the feed line portion has coupling sections electrically connected with the heatable coating; the two coupling sections are arranged to be coupled by DC current through the heatable coating; the first electrode and the second electrode are prepared through a printing paste for metal printing; the first coupling section is electrically connected with the first electrode for connection with one pole of the voltage source; and the second coupling section is connected with the one or the more connection sections.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of with transparent window plate that can electrically heated coating according to its type, this coating and at least two are arranged for the first electrode be electrically connected to two utmost points of voltage source and are electrically connected to, thereby the thermal treatment zone that makes heating current flow through and form between two the first electrodes by applying feed voltage, wherein at least one uncoated zone is contained in the thermal treatment zone, and uncoated zone is limited by the edges of regions consisted of heatable coating at least piecemeal.
Background technology
Transparent window plate with electric heating layer is known, and existing extensively record in patent documentation.Relatively only exemplarily referring to German laid-open document DE 102008018147 A1 and DE 102008029986 A1.Described luffer boards are typically used as transparent window plate in automobile, because the visible range of central authorities definitely mustn't have visual field restriction except heater strip due to legal provisions.Utilization can be removed wet steam, ice and the snow of condensation at short notice by the heat that zone of heating produces.This luffer boards in most cases are made into compound luffer boards, in compound luffer boards, have two single luffer boards to interconnect by the thermoplasticity adhesive linkage.It is upper that zone of heating can be placed in one of inner surface of these single luffer boards, but according to known structure, they also can be arranged on two supporting bodies between single luffer boards.
Zone of heating often is electrically connected to at least one pair of bar shaped or band shape bus electrode (busbar), and these bus electrodes are incorporated into heating current in coating as far as possible equably, and distribute on wider front.In order to obtain the luffer boards outward appearance of pleasant aesthetic feeling, with opaque covering bar, opaque bus electrode is hidden.
Usually, the heating power P of unit of heatable coating
SpecBy formula P
Spec=U
2/ (R
D
2) describe, wherein U is feed voltage, R
For the surface resistance of coating, D is two spacings between bus electrode.With regard at present with regard to material used in industrialized mass production, the surface resistance R of coating
Be in the order of magnitude of some ohm of per unit areas (Ω/).
In order to utilize in automobile, realize gratifying heating power for desirable purpose according to the vehicle-mounted voltage of the operational 12-24 volt of standard, bus electrode should have as far as possible little space D each other.In view of the resistance R of heatable coating increases along with current circuit length, and due to the vehicle luffer boards often width be greater than the height, bus electrode is usually along top and following luffer boards edge placement, thereby heating current can flowing than short path along the luffer boards height.
Nowadays, with the luffer boards of electric heating layer electromagnetic radiation shielding quite doughtily, thereby particularly in the automobile with heatable transparent window plate, can seriously affect Radio Data-transmission.Heatable transparent window plate thereby be typically provided with uncoated zone (" communication window or sensing window "), these zones can allow the electromagnetic spectrum of certain limit see through swimmingly at least, in order to realize in this way transfer of data smoothly.Electronic mechanism is such as sensor is usually located at these uncoated zones, and these zones arrange near superincumbent luffer boards edge usually, and it here can be hidden closely by top covering bar.
But uncoated zone can affect the electrical characteristics of zone of heating, this impacts the electric current distribution of the heating current of the zone of heating of flowing through at least partly.In fact it cause that the heating power distributed pole is inhomogeneous, causes heating power and obviously reduce below uncoated zone and on every side.The extra high position of current density (" focus ") occurred on the other hand, heating power obviously improves at these positions.As a result, very high temperature can appear in luffer boards partly, and this has formed the burning risk, makes luffer boards bear huge heat load.Bonding position is come off from mounting portion.
The utility model content
By contrast, the purpose of this utility model is, the luffer boards of described type are improved, and makes the heating power of heating luffer boards can be close at least distribution equably.To avoid reliably producing focus.According to proposal of the present utility model, described purpose and other purpose are achieved according to transparent window plate of the present utility model by a kind of.
The transparent window plate of described type comprises can electrically heated (conduction), transparent coating, and this coating is extended along the major part of luffer boards face at least, particularly along its field of vision, extends.Can electrically heated coating be electrically connected to at least two the first electrodes, thus the thermal treatment zone that makes heating current flow through and form between two the first electrodes by applying feed voltage, and these first electrodes are arranged for two utmost points of voltage source and are electrically connected to.Two the first electrodes are configured to respectively the form of bar shaped or strip electrode (bus electrode or bus-bar or busbar) according to common mode, for electric current being introduced and be distributed in with expanding heatable coating.The first electrode for example is connected with the zone of heating direct current for this reason.Concept " thermal treatment zone " this thereby mean can electrically heated coating heatable part, this part between two the first electrodes, thereby can introduce heating current.
In luffer boards of the present utility model, at least one uncoated zone is contained in the thermal treatment zone, does not have zone of heating in this uncoated zone.Uncoated zone is limited by the edges of regions consisted of heatable coating at least piecemeal.Uncoated zone particularly have around edges of regions, this edges of regions (fully) consists of heatable coating.Uncoated zone for example can be when being coated to zone of heating on substrate produces by covering, or is applying and can after electrically heated coating, for example adopt machinery or chemical removal method to produce by removing zone of heating.
According to proposal of the present utility model, the principal character of transparent luffer boards is, it has at least one and is arranged for the second electrode be electrically connected to a utmost point of voltage source, described the second electrode particularly only is arranged in uncoated zone with an electrode section at least piecemeal, and with can electrically heated coating be electrically connected to, thereby when applying feed voltage some heating current flow through the thermal treatment zone in the second electrode or uncoated zone and be arranged for zone or the section between the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source.
Here, the second electrode has at least one feed line section that at least piecemeal is arranged on uncoated intra-zone and one or more jointings that are connected with this feed line section, and wherein these jointings all extend past the edge section of edges of regions at least from uncoated zone.Here, this edge section forming in uncoated zone and the section that is arranged between the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source by the thermal treatment zone.Uncoated zone be arranged for the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source thereby the opposite side that is positioned at the described section of the thermal treatment zone.Jointing extends along the edge section of edges of regions, this edge section be arranged for the first electrode of being connected with another utmost point of voltage source toward each other or closely adjacent.The described edge section of edges of regions for example has the stroke that is close at least straight line, and the section that the trip is parallel at least almost straight line that is arranged for the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source stretches.If uncoated zone for example is close at least as rectangle, its edge is parallel to or perpendicular to the first arrangement of electrodes of straight line, heating current is incorporated in heatable coating via the edge section relative with the first electrode for this reason.This edge section is arranged for the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source apart and has the shortest spacing.
The common make of the second electrode is to make heating current (expansion ground) to be incorporated in heatable coating with distributing.The second electrode has one or preferred a plurality of jointing for this reason, these jointings extend along the edge that uncoated zone is limited of heatable coating, and with can electrically heated coating be electrically connected to (expansion ground) is incorporated in coating with distributing so that heating current.These jointings advantageously are configured to free end for this reason, particularly are configured to protruding form, and these projections are preferably towards being arranged for the first electrode projection be electrically connected to another utmost point of voltage source.These jointings are advantageously arranged evenly distributedly along described edge section, preferably with identical spacing, arrange abreast.These jointings for example can be as comb tooth or comb teeth-shaped ground arrange.Take this measure can realize especially equably heating current being incorporated in heatable coating.These jointings particularly can arrange perpendicular to edge section, and they stretch along this edge section.
According to favourable mode, in luffer boards of the present utility model, can regulate the second electrode in being arranged at uncoated zone and the electrical potential difference be arranged between the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source at least piecemeal, make the current density of heating current be close to equably and distribute at least in heatable coating.According to corresponding mode, can realize making heating power to distribute equably in heatable coating, wherein particularly can avoid having the position of less heating power or larger heating power (focus).
Utilize and be arranged on the second electrode in uncoated zone at least piecemeal, the heat that can affect targetedly in zone of heating distributes.The second electrode is arranged on uncoated intra-zone with an electrode section at least, thereby the heating current do not had there by two the first electrode feed-ins flow into the second electrode from zone of heating, obtains thus special advantage.Can avoid thus the risk of (for example partly) heating extraly of the second electrode undesirable ground and formation focus.On the other hand, when the second electrode for example is coated on zone of heating around uncoated zone, usually wish this effect.
The printing paste of for example metal is attached on the substrate of glass for example, this usually is better than and is attached on heatable coating, obtains thus being arranged on another advantage of the second electrode in uncoated zone at least piecemeal.This is particularly useful for the silver printing paste that adopts printing process to apply, and utilizes this silver printing paste can realize being attached to especially well on glass.The fastness that can obviously improve thus the second electrode sensitiveness of particularly swiping.
Utilization, at the heating effect of the second electrode of uncoated intra-zone, can obtain being arranged on another advantage of the second electrode in uncoated zone at least piecemeal.Correspondingly design the second electrode, can utilize the heat distributed by the second electrode to avoid ice or condensed water may be trapped in uncoated zone.
If already described, the second electrode is arranged for a utmost point of voltage source and is connected, wherein aspect this advantageously, the second electrode and the first electrode are electrically connected to, this first electrode is arranged for a utmost point of voltage source and is connected, thereby the second electrode is without the independent electric connection be connected with voltage source.But alternatively also feasible is that the second electrode has the independent joint be connected with voltage source.According to particularly advantageous mode, the second electrode and the form that is arranged for the first electrode be connected with a utmost point of voltage source and is configured to for this reason (single) common electrode, thus the second electrode consists of the electrode section of the first electrode.Take this measure to make luffer boards of the present utility model in simple especially mode technically, particularly by common or same method step, make.
According to the utility model, the feed line section be connected with jointing by least two (structurally) spaced but the feed line that mutually is electrically connected to partly form.Thus, the second electrode is partly located to disconnect at two feed lines of feed line section, that is to say, two feed line parts are contactless each other.
Here importantly, two feed line parts all have the section of coupling, and this couples section and is electrically connected to heatable coating, for example by being printed onto on heatable coating, connects.In addition, two couple section through suitably arranging, make them by heatable coating direct current ground, mutually couple.Couple section and with heatable coating, be electrically connected in this and one side of meaning afterwards two feed lines part of feed line section those zones that direct current ground on the other hand couples mutually.But this does not get rid of these feed lines part, can not have respectively other section yet, although these sections are electrically connected to heatable coating, not with another straight line portion direct current couple.
The second electrode thereby without the structure be connected, but by two of the feed line section spaced feed lines parts, couple can electrically heated coating form between section and one or more jointing at two.
Two of feed line part couple section for direct current ground couples (closely) adjacent or adjacency each other, wherein two couple section and relatively arrange, and with certain constant spacing abreast or relatively stretching, extension.Two couple spacings between section through preferably selecting, and make heating current can be close at least without loss via heatable coating, to couple section from one by charge carrier to flow to another and couple section.These couple section and for example have in the cm range that is in one digit number or following spacing for this reason.
Although the electrical loss power of electrode is less during with heating current, powering, particularly for the feed line section, have the situation of serpentine shape, still can't avoid the feed line section heating of the second electrode.Thereby local hot spot (focus) appears sometimes in the feed line segments area.Here propose the feed line section is divided into at least two spaced feed line parts, can effectively suppress in particularly advantageous mode the appearance of this focus thus, this is because heating current is distributed on larger face.
If already described, two couple section and arrange adjacent to each other, and wherein they particularly all can have and are close at least straight line, stroke that be parallel to each other, in order to utilize the coating that can conduct electricity to realize that effective especially direct current couples.
Especially, two couple the first electrode that one of section (" first couples section ") and being arranged for is connected with a utmost point of voltage source and connect, and another couples section (" second couples section ") and is connected with one or more jointings.This measure can realize realizing especially simply technically segmentation the second electrode.
The electrode of transparent luffer boards preferably adopt printing process for example method for printing screen make, realize thus making inexpensively and reliably simply especially technically the feed line part particularly coupled two but direct currents that separate.Alternatively also can make respectively independently electric assembly to two the first electrodes and/or the second electrode, and for example by soldering, be electrically connected to heatable coating.
The second electrode has at least one feed line section be connected with jointing, according to a kind of design of the present utility model, this feed line section is comprised of with the area part that (only) is arranged within uncoated zone the coating layer portion that (only) is arranged on outside uncoated zone.Alternatively, the feed line section can only consist of area part, thereby within the feed line section is arranged on uncoated zone fully.It is special that rear a kind of design has advantages of, namely in fact the second electrode can be coated on the substrate of glass for example fully, thereby the second electrode can be attached on substrate especially well.In addition, according to particularly advantageous mode, can avoid the electric current of the heatable coating of flowing through between the adjacent sections of feed line section.
The feed line section of the second electrode, particularly be arranged on the area part within uncoated zone, advantageously be matched with at least the edge section (or its profile) of edges of regions, jointing extends past this edges of regions, can realize thus heating current especially effectively be incorporated into heatable coating in uncoated zone with in being arranged for the section between the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source.
For above-mentioned heating effect particularly advantageously, feed line section particularly area part is matched with edges of regions around ground, thereby can in the zone of whole edges of regions, be disposed to uncoated zone to heat.According to a kind of particularly advantageous design in this respect, feed line section particularly area part is arranged along uncoated area distribution ground, concrete example is if be, give around area part be provided with horizontal jointing, thereby can utilize the second electrode especially effectively to heat uncoated zone.
In luffer boards of the present utility model, the second electrode also can have a plurality of feed line sections, and these feed line sections all have the area part that is arranged on uncoated intra-zone, and wherein each area part is connected with one or more jointings.This measure can realize making the feed line section only in certain edge section, to be matched with the profile in uncoated zone in simple especially mode, wherein for example saved certain edge section, such as because of them, having king-sized curvature, perhaps because be equipped with the first electrode of another utmost point of voltage source apart, have very little spacing, result causes between the second electrode and the first electrode and large electric current (heating power skewness) appears in undesirable ground.
Transparent luffer boards also can have a plurality of uncoated zones, and these zones all can be equipped with the second independent electrode.Alternatively, jointly set second a unique electrode can for a plurality of uncoated zones, so this second electrode thereby have a plurality of area parts, these area parts respectively have one or more jointings.
Can electrically heated coating can be by forming by electrically heated individual layer, or formed by the series of layers that contains this individual layer.In luffer boards of the present utility model, the resistance of heatable coating, through conventional design, makes when applying the feed voltage for example be in 12-24 volt scope, is produced and for example is in 300-1000 watt/m by the thermal treatment zone
2The heating power that is suitable for practical application in scope.Here, the resistance of heatable coating depends on for zone of heating material used, for example uses silver (Ag) for this reason.The resistance of heatable coating for example is in the scope of 0.5-4 Ω/.The coating of conduction contains the material that can conduct electricity, and is generally metal or metal oxide.It is for example metal that conductive capability is strong such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), aluminium (Al) or molybdenum (Mo), be metal alloy such as palladium (Pa) silver (Ag) alloy, and be the oxide (TCO=of transparent conduction
TRansparent
COnductive
OXides (oxide of transparent conduction)).TCO is the tin oxide of tin ash, tin zinc oxide or the antimony dopant of tin ash, the doped with boron of tin ash, the doped gallium of tin ash, the adulterated al of indium tin oxide, doped with fluorine preferably.Coating that can conduction for example consists of the metal alloy of metal level such as silver layer or argentiferous, and it is embedded between two coatings that the dielectric material by metallic oxide type forms at least.Metal oxide is such as containing zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silica, aluminium oxide etc. and by wherein one or more combinations that form.Dielectric material also can contain silicon nitride, carborundum or aluminium nitride.For example use the metal level system with a plurality of metal levels, wherein one deck at least of being consisted of dielectric material of each metal level separates.Both sides at silver layer also can be provided with the very thin metal level that particularly contains titanium or niobium.Following metal level is as adhesion layer or crystallizing layer.Top metal level is as protective layer or absorb layer (Getterschicht), in order in follow-up treatment step, prevent the silver variation.
Coating that can conduction is transparent coating preferably, and it can see through electromagnetic radiation, optimal wavelength is the electromagnetic radiation of 300-1300nm, particularly visible light.Term " can see through " means total transmittance at this, its particularly for visible light for example 70% especially 80%.The light transmittance of automobile transparent luffer boards for example is about 71%.The coating of transparent conduction is for example known by publication DE 202008017611 Ul and EP 0847965 Bl.
Series layer advantageously can bear high-temperature load, make it can tolerate for the glass luffer boards crooked essential usually above 600 ℃ temperature and can be not impaired, but also the series layer that the heat load ability is little can be set.This layer structure obtained by a series of deposition process usually.The conduction coating for example from the gas phase Direct precipitation to substrate, can adopt this known method such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD) (CVD=for this reason
CHemical
VApor
DEposition (chemical vapour deposition (CVD))) or physical vapour deposition (PVD) (PVD=
PHysical
VApor
DEposition (physical vapour deposition (PVD))).The coating of conduction preferably deposits on substrate by sputter (magnetron-cathodic sputtering).But also be contemplated that, the coating of conduction is coated to plastic film at least, and particularly PET film (PET=PETG) is upper, then by itself and substrate binding.
The thickness of the coating of conduction can change widely, and meets the requirement of concrete condition.Here importantly, for the electric structure on transparent plane, the thickness of the coating of conduction mustn't be so big, to such an extent as to its can't see through electromagnetic radiation, optimal wavelength is the electromagnetic radiation of 300-1300nm, particularly visible light.The thickness of the coating of conduction for example all is in the scope of 30nm-100 μ m at any position.In the situation that TCO, layer thickness for example is in the scope of 100nm-1.5 μ m, preferably is in the scope of 150nm-1 μ m, more preferably is in the scope of 200nm-500nm.On the other hand, two the first electrodes and the second electrode all have obviously little resistance than heatable coating.These electrodes for example all have and are in the 0.15-4 ohm/meter (resistance in the scope of Ω/m), can realize thus making the feed voltage applied mainly along heatable coating, to descend, thereby these electrodes are only slightly heating at work, thereby than loss power, produces the smaller operational heating power of share on electrode.But alternatively also can stipulate the obvious high loss power of the second electrode, in order to utilize the second electrode to realize being enough to heat the heating power in uncoated zone.
As electrode material, for example can adopt metal such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), tungsten (W) and zinc (Zn) or metal alloy, silver particularly is applied in printing process with the form of printing paste, and wherein these enumerate not limit.The printing paste for example contains silver-colored particle and glass sintering thing.For the electrode that the employing printing process for example consisted of silver (Ag) makes, layer thickness for example is in the scope of 2-25 micron (μ m), particularly is in the scope of 5-15 μ m, for example is in the scope of 7-15 μ m.
Especially can print to the printing paste of metal on the coating of conduction, make thus electrode.Alternatively also can be the thin metal film strips that for example contains copper and/or aluminium as electrode.For example can utilize the effect of heat and pressure by pressing thermal process (Autoklavprozess), between the coating of metal film strips and conduction, realize electrically contacting.But also can be by soldering, or bonding generation of being undertaken by the bonding agent that utilization is conducted electricity electrically contacts.
In a word, the resistance of the second electrode can design according to the specific requirement of respective application.According to the utility model advantageously, the second electrode has a resistance, make when applying feed voltage at the second electrode and be arranged between first utmost point be connected with another utmost point of voltage source electrical potential difference to occur, utilize this electrical potential difference to realize making the current density of heating current to be close to and to distribute equably at least in heatable coating.For this reason advantageously, the second electrode can have the feed line section for example piecemeal be positioned at outside uncoated zone, its length is for example measured by the stroke wriggled circuitously, (selectable) or the predetermined resistance that make the second electrode have can be scheduled to.Due to resistance along with length increases, so adopt this mode can by the length of feed line section, change very simply the resistance of the second electrode.For the current density that makes heating current, be close at least in heatable coating distribute equably advantageously, can be particularly length by the feed line section change to make the second electrode to have a resistance, this resistance equates with heatable coating has in a planar section resistance, and this planar section is onesize than uncoated zone.Take this measure can especially effectively make the electric current distribution homogenizing in zone of heating.
If already described, in luffer boards of the present utility model, uniform electric current distribution in the thermal treatment zone, advantageously, the second electrode is through appropriate structuring, makes heating current introduce along the edge distribution ground that uncoated zone is limited of heatable coating.Here, the second electrode for example can pass through appropriate structuring, make heating current along an edge section of the heatable coating ground that distributes, introduce at least, this edge section is arranged for the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source apart and has particularly the shortest vertical interval of the shortest spacing.For for example being close at least the uncoated zone of rectangle, heating current for this reason can be for example introduced along one of one of two long edge section or two shorter edge section, and this will be depending on which edge section with to be arranged for the first electrode be connected with another utmost point of voltage source relative.
Luffer boards of the present utility model can be for example the so-called single luffer boards safety glasses (ESG) that only has a substrate, or usually have two by the compound substrate of the interconnective substrate of thermoplasticity adhesive linkage.Substrate for example consists of glass material, such as float glass, quartz glass, silication boron glass, calcium-sodium acid carbonate-glass, cast glass or glass-ceramic, perhaps by non-glass materials for example plastics form, such as polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polyester (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Merlon (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMA) or PETG (PET) and/or its mixture.The example of suitable glass for example can be as can be known by European patent EP 0847965 Bl.Usually can use have enough chemical stabilities, suitable shape and big or small stability and any material that sometimes has enough light transmittances.Depending on applicable cases, the thickness of substrate can change widely.For heatable transparent vitrification, the thickness of substrate for example is in the scope of 1-25mm, wherein for transparent luffer boards, usually adopts the thickness of 1.4-2.1mm.Substrate is plane, or crooked on one or more direction in spaces.For compound luffer boards, heatable coating is arranged on the surface of interior luffer boards at least, for example be arranged on interior luffer boards on the surface of external window board, and/or be arranged on the surface that is arranged in two carriers between single luffer boards.Luffer boards of the present utility model for example are designed to the form of vehicle transparent window plate, wherein uncoated zone for example is adjacent to arrange with the luffer boards edge above being under installment state of transparent window plate, perhaps arrange in its vicinity, can utilize thus the opaque masking material that for example is designed to black silk screen printing edge to hide simply uncoated zone.
Self-evident, in the situation that do not depart from scope of the present utility model, below aforementioned feature reaches, also the feature of elaboration particularly can not only be adopted according to the combination provided, and can combine to adopt according to other, or adopt separately.
The accompanying drawing explanation
By embodiment in detail the utility model is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.In size these simplification, non-accurately in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of a kind of exemplary design of automobile transparent luffer boards of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional cutaway view of a part of the transparent window plate of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3-8 illustrate the various modification of the transparent window plate of Fig. 1;
Fig. 9 A-9B illustrates the another kind of modification of the transparent window plate of Fig. 1, and it is with the feed line section disconnected;
Figure 10-11 illustrate the modification of the transparent window plate of Fig. 9 A-9B;
Figure 12 illustrates a kind of modification of the transparent window plate of Fig. 7.
Embodiment
At first investigate Fig. 1 and 2, the integral body that wherein shows automobile indicates the transparent transparent window plate of Reference numeral 1.Fig. 1 shows transparent window plate 1 internally.Transparent window plate 1 is for example compound luffer boards at this, and its structure can be seen in three-dimensional cutaway view 2.
Accordingly, what transparent window plate 1 comprised two rigidity passes through thermoplasticity adhesive linkage 4 interconnective single luffer boards securely, be external window board 2 and interior luffer boards 3, this adhesive linkage is for example polyvinyl butyral film (PVB), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyurethane film (PU) at this.Two intimate size and shapes of single luffer boards 2,3 are all identical, and for example can have trapezoidal sinuous profile, and this is not shown specifically in the accompanying drawings.They are for example made by glass, but they equally also can be by non-glass materials such as plastics are made.For other purposes, such as transparent window plate, also can make two single luffer boards 2,3 with flexible material.Two single luffer boards 2,3 share a luffer boards edge 5, by this luffer boards edge, obtained the profile of transparent window plate 1, wherein transparent window plate 1 in the above with below have two relative first sides 6,6 ', and on the left side and the right side, have two relative second sides 7,7 '.
As shown in Figure 2, on interior luffer boards 3 and side that adhesive linkage 4 is connected, deposit transparent can electrically heated coating 8.Heatable coating 8 for example is coated on interior luffer boards 3 basically all sidedly at this, wherein in luffer boards 3 surrounding around edge strip 9 not coated, cause the coating edge 10 of heatable coating 8 inwardly to bounce back with respect to luffer boards edge 5.Make thus the external electric insulation of heatable coating 8.In addition, heatable coating 8 is protected, in case from the luffer boards edge 5 erosions of invading.
As shown in fig. 1, heatable coating 8 and two first sides 6,6 ' adjacently, be superincumbent and following 5 places, luffer boards edge, top bus electrode 11(busbar with band shape) and banded following bus electrode 11 ' (being called " the first electrode " at the specification the beginning part) be electrically connected to, for this reason with two bus electrodes, 11,11 ' for example direct currents couple.Above bus electrode 11 be arranged for a utmost point of (unshowned) voltage source and be connected, and following bus electrode 11 ' be arranged for another utmost point of this voltage source is connected.Opposite polarity two bus electrodes 11,11 ' for heating current being introduced equably and is distributed in heatable coating 8, wherein two bus electrodes 11,11 ' between surround heatable section or the thermal treatment zone 12.Two the first electrodes 11,11 ' for example be printed onto can electrically heated coating 8 on.Two bus electrodes 11,11 ' all stretch near linear ground at least.
Uncoated regional 14 for example have the approximate rectangular at least profile with the rounding drift angle at this, and are limited by the edges of regions 18 by can electrically heated coating 8 forming.Uncoated regional 14 can allow a part of electromagnetic spectrum (for example IR ripple, the radio wave in ultrashort wave, shortwave and long wave limit) see through at least, in order to realize, see through transparent window plate 1 and successfully carry out transfer of data.Uncoated regional 14 for example can make by prior coverage when being coated to heatable coating 8 on interior luffer boards 3.It alternatively also can adopt removal rule chemistry or machinery if by etching or with emery wheel, made after applying heatable coating 8.Uncoated regional 14 on 12 inside, the thermal treatment zone are positioned at bus electrode 11 near.
As shown in fig. 1, in transparent window plate 1, be provided with supplemantary electrode 15(and at the specification the beginning part, be called " the second electrode "), it for example is connected with top bus electrode 11 electricity ground (direct current ground) at this.Supplemantary electrode 15 can at least hypothetically be divided into different sections.Supplemantary electrode 15 thereby comprise the feed line section 16 be electrically connected to top bus electrode 11, originally this feed line section for example has the stroke of zigzag at this in coating layer portion 25, then transition be around the area part 17 of sub-circular at least.Coating layer portion 25 is arranged in the zone of heatable coating 8 fully, and area part 17 is arranged in uncoated regional 14 inside fully.The shape and structure of area part 17 for example is matched with the profile of edges of regions 18 at least approx at this.Thereby in the inside of the area part 17 of feed line section 16, formed the sky surrounded by area part 17 and stay face or electrode window through ray 26, thereby uncoated regional 14 function can not be subject to the impact of supplemantary electrode 15.
To uncoated regional 14 edges of regions that limit 18 by two respect to one another, at least near linear, with the first edge section 19,19 of the first side 6,6 of transparent window plate 1 ' parallel ' respect to one another with two, at least near linear, with the second edge section 20,20 of the second side 7,7 of transparent window plate 1 ' parallel ' form.Especially the bus electrode above following bus electrode 11 ' more close 11 is arranged by the first top edge section 19, and by the bus electrode 11 of the first following edge section 19 ' below top bus electrode 11 is more close ' layout.The first edge section 19 particularly ' be parallel to following bus electrode 11 ' stretching, extension, the bus electrode below this is arranged for another utmost point of voltage source and is connected.
The bus electrode 11,11 of two band shapes ' for example adopt method for printing screen to utilize the operplate printing paste such as silver printing paste for example makes by being printed onto on heatable coating 8 at this.Supplemantary electrode 15 can be used as equally band electrode and makes by being printed onto on heatable coating 8 and uncoated regional 14, wherein two bus electrodes 11,11 ' and supplemantary electrode 15 at this, for example in common (same) method step or print steps, make.Alternatively also feasiblely be, apply the prefabricated bonding jumper for example formed by copper or aluminium, then for example by soldering, it is electrically connected to heatable coating 8, make thus bus electrode 11,11 ' and/or supplemantary electrode 15.
Two bus electrodes 11,11 ' and supplemantary electrode 15 at this, for example have and be in the 0.15-4 ohm/meter (resistance in the scope of Ω/m).The bus electrode 11,11 particularly made for the employing printing process ', unit resistance for example is in the scope of 2-4 μ Ohmcm.The bus electrode 11,11 of two band shapes ' width be for example 10-15mm.The width of banded supplemantary electrode 15 for example is less than 10mm, is for example 1-10mm.Two bus electrodes 11,11 ' and the width of supplemantary electrode 15 for example through suitably design, make them all produce for example loss power of 5W/m of the preferred maximum 8W/m of maximum 10W/m.Two bus electrodes 11,11 ' and the thickness of supplemantary electrode 15 for example all be in the scope of 5-25 μ m, particularly be in the scope of 10-15 μ m.Two bus electrodes 11,11 ' and the cross-sectional area of supplemantary electrode 15 for example all be in 0.01-1mm
2Scope in, particularly be in 0.1-0.5mm
2Scope in.
For the bus electrode 11,11 of for example, band shape of prefabricated that form by copper (Cu) ' and the supplemantary electrode 15 of relative configurations, thickness for example is in the scope of 30-150 μ m, particularly is in the scope of 50-100 μ m.In this case, cross-sectional area for example is in 0.05-0.25mm
2Scope in.
The preferred resistance of the supplemantary electrode 15 in transparent window plate 1 should make and apply in the feed voltage situation, and the heating current of the thermal treatment zone 12 of flowing through has intimate at least uniform electric current distribution.Here, length by the particularly coating layer portion 25 of feed line section 16 is adjusted to resistance value that can be freely selectively predetermined or predetermined to the resistance of supplemantary electrode 15 in simple mode, for this reason, feed line section 16 for example stretches circuitously at this, but can realize equally stretching by other shape.
The surface resistance of heatable coating 8 for example, through suitably selecting, makes the size of the electric current of the thermal treatment zone 12 of flowing through be 5A to the maximum.The surface resistance of heatable coating 8 for example is in the scope of 0.1-4 Ω/, is for example 1 Ω/.
The surface towards interior luffer boards 3 of external window board 2 is provided with opaque color layer, this color layer be formed on 5 places, luffer boards edge be frame shape ground around coverage bar 13.In Fig. 1 only two first sides 6,6 of transparent window plate 1 ' zone shown in should cover bar 13.Covering bar 13 for example consists of electric insulation, the material of firing in external window board 2 black.Cover bar 13 and prevent from seeing for transparent window plate 1 being bonded to the adhesive strip (not shown) on automobile body on the one hand, it is as the UV fender of adhesives used on the other hand.Coverage bar 13 has also determined the visual field of transparent window plate 1.Another function of covering bar 13 be cover two bus electrodes 11,11 ', make and can't see from the outside these bus electrodes.5 places, superincumbent luffer boards edge, cover bar 13 and also have to cover uncoated regional 14 enclosing cover section 23.
Thereby, in the transparent window plate 1 with heatable coating 8, can give two bus electrodes 11,11 ' apply feed voltage, in the thermal treatment zone 12, produce heating current thus.By applying feed voltage, simultaneously supplemantary electrode 15 and below bus electrode 11 ' between produce electrical potential difference, thereby some heating current flow through supplemantary electrode 15 or uncoated regional 14 and below bus electrode 11 ' between the thermal treatment zone section 24 that surrounds.In uncoated regional 14 zone, heating current is along the first following edge section 19 ' be incorporated into evenly distributedly in heatable coating 8, described the first edge section with treat the bus electrode 11 be connected with another utmost point of voltage source ' closely adjacent.(inside) resistance of supplemantary electrode 15 apply in the feed voltage situation supplemantary electrode 15 and below bus electrode 11 ' between produce electrical potential difference, thereby the current density of heating current is close to equably and distributes at least in whole heatable coating 8.This can realize making heating power to distribute equably in heatable coating 8 in an advantageous manner.
It shown in Fig. 3-8, is the various modification of the transparent window plate 1 of Fig. 1.For fear of unnecessary repetition, the only difference of the transparent window plate 1 of introduction and Fig. 1, all the other aspects are referring to the explanation of doing for Fig. 1 and 2.For the ease of expressing, this part of upper area of transparent window plate 1 only is shown all in Fig. 3-8.
According to modification shown in Figure 3, the feed line section 16 of supplemantary electrode 15 wriggles circuitously, and consists of the area part 17 that is arranged on uncoated regional 14 inside fully.Uncoated regional 14 comprise circular first area section 28 and second area section 29 connected, rectangle, and this second area section extends to and is arranged for the bus electrode 11 be connected with a utmost point of voltage source.The track of the complications of area part 17 extends collecting between electrode 11 and circular first area section 28 respectively, and changes its direction of extension on perpendicular direction.Thereby except jointing 21, supplemantary electrode 15 is positioned at uncoated regional 14 inside fully, this jointing extends and is electrically connected to heatable coating 8 along edges of regions 18.Can realize making supplemantary electrode 15 for example to be attached to well on the interior luffer boards 3 of glass especially on the one hand thus.Can avoid on the other hand having electric current through heatable coating 8 between the adjacent part of feed line section 16.If supplemantary electrode 15 is applied on heatable coating 8, particularly when between the adjacent part at feed line section 16, relatively large voltage difference being arranged, there will be this electric current.This flexible program can also avoid by two bus electrodes 11,11 ' the be incorporated into electric current in heatable coating 8 flow on feed line section 16 and cause there and (sometimes partly) extraly heating of undesirable from heatable coating 8, and produces the focus risk.Area part 17 this not around loop configuration, but forming section ring only, this part ring particularly is complementary with the profile of uncoated regional 14 edges of regions 18 in circular edge section 27, this edge section consists of thermal treatment zone section 24, this thermal treatment zone section supplemantary electrode 15 or uncoated regional 14 ' and bus electrode 11 ' between, this bus electrode is arranged for another utmost point of voltage source and is connected.Transparent window plate 1 have other uncoated regional 14 ', 14 ", these uncoated zones are for example oval at this, they are not set supplemantary electrode 15 in this example, but can be provided with supplemantary electrode 15 yet.
Another modification has been shown in Fig. 4, and the difference of the modification of itself and Fig. 3 is, supplemantary electrode 15 have two feed line sections 16 ', 16 ", these feed line sections have a common area part 17.Common area part 17 particularly is complementary with the profile of edges of regions 18 in the edge section 27 of the circle consisted of thermal treatment zone section 24, this thermal treatment zone section supplemantary electrode 15 or uncoated regional 14 ' and bus electrode 11 ' between, this bus electrode is arranged for another utmost point of voltage source and is connected.Uncoated regional 14 only consist of circular first area section 28, make two feed line sections 16,16 ' piecemeal stretch on heatable coating 8.
The difference of the modification shown in the modification shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 4 only is, common area part 17 disconnects, thereby form two supplemantary electrodes 15,15 that disconnect each other ', these supplemantary electrodes all have independent feed line section 16,16 ' and connected jointing 21,21 '.Take this measure can realize only in the optional section of edges of regions 18, making heating current via supplemantary electrode 15,15 ' be incorporated in heatable coating 8.This for example work as the heating current introduced due at a distance of bus electrode 11 ' spacing very short and and undesirable ground be favourable when high.Can advantageously, via supplemantary electrode 15, not introduce heating current in higher (unshowned) zone of the ratio of curvature of edges of regions 18 equally.
The difference of the modification shown in the modification shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 4 is, uncoated regional 14 comprise circular first area section 28 and the second area section 29 of connected rectangle, and this second area section extends to and is arranged for the bus electrode 11 be connected with a utmost point of voltage source.The advantage of this design is set forth in the modification of Fig. 3.
The difference of the modification shown in the modification shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 3 is, uncoated regional 14 only consist of circular first area section 28.In addition, the tortuous track of area part 17 is respectively transverse to the extension that is connected between bus electrode 11 and circular first area section 28, then changes its direction of extension along the circuit between bus electrode 11 and circular first area section 28.Can realize thus the relatively large spacing between the adjacent area of feed line section 16, particularly, between the adjacent area at feed line section 16, having the situation of relatively high voltage, will avoid at the electric current via heatable coating 8 guiding between these zones.
The difference of the modification shown in the modification shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 6 is, uncoated regional 14 comprise circular first area section 28 and the second area section 29 of connected rectangle, and this second area section extends to and is arranged for the bus electrode 11 be connected with a utmost point of voltage source.The advantage of this design is set forth in the modification of Fig. 3.
Another modification of the transparent window plate of Fig. 1 has been shown in Fig. 9 A, wherein according to this modification, area part 17 is not around the ground sealing, but only (being arranged in the right side here) second edge section 20 ' with following the first edge section 19 ' zone be configured.Reality shows, and the coating layer portion 25 of the zigzag on the heatable coating 8 of being arranged in of feed line section 16 under certain conditions, can particularly exist than temperature high in the thermal treatment zone 12 in the zone that indicates " A ".This is especially and undesirable aspect customer requirement.
In Fig. 9 B, illustrated a kind of be used to avoiding the measure of this local overheating.Accordingly, supplemantary electrode 15 ' feed line section 16 disconnect, and be divided into two spatially (structurally) spaced apart from each other, namely by the interconnective zone of same electrode material.Feed line section 16 thereby comprise the first feed line part 30 and the second feed line section 31 be spaced from.The first feed line part 30 is connected with (top) first bus electrode 11, and this bus electrode is arranged for a utmost point of voltage source and is connected.The second feed line section 31 comprises area part 17, and jointing 21 protrudes from this area part.In addition, the first feed line part 30 comprises that first couples section 32, the second feed line parts 30 and comprise that second couples section 33, and these couple section and with the heatable coating 8 that can conduct electricity, are electrically connected to respectively, for example is printed onto on coating 8 and realizes being electrically connected to.Two each that couple in section 32,33 have and are close at least rectilinear stroke, and wherein two couple section 32,33 and along parallel direction, closely are adjacent to each other stretch side by side in coupling zone 34.Two centre portion B processes in coupling zone 34 that couple between section 32,33 are selected, and make two to couple section 32,33 by connecting (coupling) in electrically heated coating 8 direct current ground.If give, be arranged for (top) bus electrode 11 be connected with a utmost point of voltage source and apply heating voltage, heating current can couple between section 32,33 and transmit via the heatable coating 8 coupled between section 32,33 at two at two.Coating 8 thereby couple between section 32,33 and be formed for the current delivery zone 35 that couples delivered current between section 32,33 at two at two.Two spacing B that couple section 32,33, through preferably selecting, make electric current by charge carrier, to couple between section 32,33 and to transmit at two in fact without loss.This spacing B in this for example is in the cm range of one digit number or below.
In Figure 10 by schematic diagram illustrated the supplemantary electrode be subdivided 15 of Fig. 9 B be under installment state ', wherein except the supplemantary electrode 15 that is subdivided ', the structure of transparent window plate 1 is identical with the transparent window plate 1 shown in Fig. 1 and 2.For fear of unnecessary repetition, at this point referring to the explanation of doing there.Different from Fig. 9 B is, supplemantary electrode 15 ' the be included in area part 17 of the ring seal in feed line section 16.For the ease of expressing, jointing 21 is not shown.Two straight lines couple section 32,33 through arranging, make they have be close at least each other parallel, perpendicular to the bus electrode 11,11 of two straight lines ' stroke.
Figure 11 shows a kind of modification of Figure 10, wherein only two couple section 32,33 and relatively arrange, and in this case in parallel with each other and be parallel to the bus electrode 11,11 of two straight lines ' extension.
The difference of the modification shown in the modification shown in Figure 12 and Fig. 7 is, supplemantary electrode 15 ' feed line section 16 disconnect, and be divided into two spatially (structurally) spaced apart from each other, namely by the interconnective zone of same electrode material.Feed line section 16 comprises the first feed line part 30 and the second feed line section 31 be spaced from.The first feed line part 30 is connected with (top) first bus electrode 11, and this bus electrode is arranged for a utmost point of voltage source and is connected.The second feed line section 31 comprises area part 17, and jointing 21 protrudes from this area part.The first feed line part 30 comprises that first couples section 32, the second feed line parts 30 and comprise that second couples section 33, and these couple section and with the heatable coating 8 that can conduct electricity, are electrically connected to respectively.Two each that couple in section 32,33 have and are close at least rectilinear stroke, and wherein two couple section 32,33 and along parallel direction, closely are adjacent to each other stretch side by side in coupling zone 34.At this, two couple section 32,33 in coupling zone 34 by can be electrically heated coating 8 direct current ground connections (coupling).Coating 8 thereby couple between section 32,33 and be formed for the current delivery zone 35 that couples delivered current between section 32,33 at two at two.Two couple section 32,33 and relatively arrange, and are parallel to the bus electrode 11,11 of two straight lines ' extension.
List of numerals
1 transparent window plate
2 external window boards
3 interior luffer boards
4 adhesive linkages
5 luffer boards edges
6,6 ' first side
7,7 ' second side
8 coatings
9 edge strip
10 coating edges
11,11 ' bus electrode
12 thermals treatment zone
13 cover bar
14,14 ', 14 " uncoated zones
15,15 ' supplemantary electrode
16,16 ' feed line section
17,17 ' area part
18 edges of regions
19, the edge section of 19 ' the first straight lines
20, the edge section of 20 ' the second straight lines
21,21 ' jointing
22,22 ' angular zone
23 enclosing cover sections
24 thermal treatment zone sections
25 coating layer portions
26 electrode window through ray
The edge section of 27 circles
28 first area sections
29 second area sections
30 first feed line parts
31 second feed line parts
32 first couple section
33 second couple section
34 couple zone
35 current delivery zones.
Claims (11)
1. a transparent window plate (1), with can electrically heated coating (8), this coating and at least two are arranged for the first electrode (11 be electrically connected to two utmost points of voltage source, 11 ') be electrically connected to, thereby make heating current flow through at two the first electrodes (11 by applying feed voltage, 11 ') between the thermal treatment zone (12) that forms, wherein the thermal treatment zone (12) contain at least one uncoated zone (14, 14 ', 14 "), uncoated zone is limited by the edges of regions (18) consisted of heatable coating (8) at least piecemeal, it is characterized in that, at least one is arranged for the second electrode (15 be electrically connected to a utmost point of voltage source, 15 '), described the second electrode has at least one and is arranged on the feed line section (16 in uncoated zone (14) at least piecemeal, 16 ') and one or more and this feed line section (16, 16 ') jointing (21 that connects, 21 '), wherein said jointing (21, 21 ') all from uncoated zone (14), extend past edges of regions (18) edge section (19 ', 27), and all be configured to free end, wherein this edge section (19 ', 27) section (24) that is positioned at uncoated zone (14) and is arranged between the first electrode (11 ') be connected with another utmost point of voltage source by the thermal treatment zone (12) forms, wherein the feed line section (16, 16 ') by least two spaced feed line parts (30, 31) form, described feed line part all has the section of coupling (32, 33), this couples section and is electrically connected to heatable coating (8), wherein two couple section (32, 33) have and be close at least parallel stroke, and through suitably arranging, make they by heatable coating (8) direct current couple, the first electrode (11 wherein, 11 ') and the second electrode (15, 15 ') make by the printing paste of type metal, wherein first couple section (32) and be arranged for the first electrode (11) connection be connected with a utmost point of voltage source, and second couple section (33) and be connected with one or more jointings (21).
2. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 1 (1), is characterized in that, described jointing (21,21 ') is arranged evenly distributedly along the edge section of uncoated zone (14) (19 ', 27).
3. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 1 or 2 (1), it is characterized in that, feed line section (16,16 ') is comprised of the area part (17,17 ') that is arranged on the coating layer portion (25) outside uncoated zone (14) and be arranged within uncoated zone (14).
4. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 1 or 2 (1), is characterized in that, feed line section (16,16 ') is arranged on inside, uncoated zone (14) fully.
5. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 1 (1), is characterized in that, feed line section (16,16 ') is matched with the edge section (19 ', 27) of edges of regions (18) at least, and jointing (21) extends past this edges of regions.
6. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 1 (1), is characterized in that, feed line section (16,16 ') is matched with edges of regions (18) around ground.
7. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 1 (1), is characterized in that, feed line section (16,16 ') is arranged along uncoated zone (14) with distributing.
8. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 1 (1), is characterized in that, the second electrode (15,15 ') has at least two feed line sections (16,16 ') that all are connected with one or more jointings (21,21 ').
9. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 1 (1), is characterized in that, the length of feed line section (16) is determined, makes the second electrode (15,15 ') have the resistance that can be scheduled to.
10. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 2 (1), is characterized in that, described jointing (21,21 ') is configured to comb teeth-shaped.
11. transparent window plate as claimed in claim 9 (1), it is characterized in that, the length of described feed line section (16,16 ') is measured by the stroke wriggled circuitously, described resistance equal heatable coating (8) with uncoated zone (14) corresponding plane domain in planar resistor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012204824581U CN203313435U (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2012-08-08 | Transparent panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012204824581U CN203313435U (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2012-08-08 | Transparent panel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN203313435U true CN203313435U (en) | 2013-11-27 |
Family
ID=49619602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012204824581U Expired - Fee Related CN203313435U (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2012-08-08 | Transparent panel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN203313435U (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105338673A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-02-17 | 福建省万达汽车玻璃工业有限公司 | Electrically-heated automobile laminated glass equipped with communication window |
| CN105376883A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-03-02 | 福建省万达汽车玻璃工业有限公司 | Automobile laminated glass with communication window and function of film-free area uniform electric heating |
| CN106105387A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2016-11-09 | 皮尔金顿集团有限公司 | Glass pane |
| CN106797678A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2017-05-31 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | Clear sheet with heating coating |
-
2012
- 2012-08-08 CN CN2012204824581U patent/CN203313435U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106105387A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2016-11-09 | 皮尔金顿集团有限公司 | Glass pane |
| CN106797678A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2017-05-31 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | Clear sheet with heating coating |
| CN106797678B (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2020-09-01 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | Transparent sheet with heating coating, method for the production thereof and use thereof |
| CN105338673A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-02-17 | 福建省万达汽车玻璃工业有限公司 | Electrically-heated automobile laminated glass equipped with communication window |
| CN105376883A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-03-02 | 福建省万达汽车玻璃工业有限公司 | Automobile laminated glass with communication window and function of film-free area uniform electric heating |
| CN105376883B (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2018-08-17 | 福建省万达汽车玻璃工业有限公司 | It can uniform electrically heated automobile sandwich-glass without film layer area with communication window |
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