CN203218375U - Lithium ion battery pole piece and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery pole piece and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203218375U
CN203218375U CN2013202038517U CN201320203851U CN203218375U CN 203218375 U CN203218375 U CN 203218375U CN 2013202038517 U CN2013202038517 U CN 2013202038517U CN 201320203851 U CN201320203851 U CN 201320203851U CN 203218375 U CN203218375 U CN 203218375U
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China
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ptc
lithium ion
ion battery
pole piece
coating
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN2013202038517U
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邹武元
陈小平
迟庆魁
刘典英
姚万浩
金婧
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The utility model provides a lithium ion battery pole piece and a lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery pole piece comprises a current collector, an electrode active substance layer with active substances, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) bottom-layer material coating arranged between the current collector and the electrode active substance layer, and a PTC top-layer material coating arranged on the electrode active substance layer, wherein the PTC bottom-layer material coating and the PTC top-layer material coating comprise a PTC material, a conductive agent and a binding agent, wherein the coating areas of the PTC bottom-layer material coating and the PTC top-layer material coating are both greater than or equal to the coating area of the electrode active substance layer. When the lithium ion battery employs the lithium ion battery pole piece, a path is prevented from being formed between a battery active material layer and an external circuit when the battery is subjected to external circuit abuse, the external short circuit is prevented, and the battery is free from internal short circuit when dust or metal grains left on the surface of the battery pole piece puncture(s) a diaphragm or tests of acupuncture, extrusion and the like are carried out; the lithium ion battery pole piece is simple in structure and easy to manufacture.

Description

Electrodes of lithium-ion batteries and lithium ion battery
Technical field
The utility model relates to the lithium ion battery field, relates in particular to a kind of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries and lithium ion battery.
Background technology
The security performance of lithium ion battery is one of commercial greatest factor of restriction battery always, especially for the battery that is applied to electric automobile.The requirement of lithium-ions battery and method of testing etc. have been provided among the used for electric vehicle lithium-ions battery standard QCT743-2006.Wherein the test of lithium-ions battery security performance challenge maximum is comprised overcharge, acupuncture and extruding.Electrolyte adopts organic electrolyte mostly in the current business-like lithium ion battery.Because organic electrolyte is inflammable, when battery causes that under abuse condition battery temperature raises, certainly will increase the potential safety hazard that lithium ion battery uses greatly.
About the cell safety problem, the insider has done a lot of work, except having done a series of research work in the outside batteries management system, inside battery also there is research, be mainly reflected in two aspects: at first in electrolyte, add anti-overcharge additive or flame-retardant additive etc.; Secondly the PTC resistive element is set and connect with battery in battery, utilize the PTC element to reduce with the characteristics of temperature increase sudden change of resistivity in addition cut-off loop in electric current play the purpose of protecting battery.As between electric core negative pole and baffle, connecting for example Chinese patent CN201466143U of self-healing fuse PTC(); For example Chinese patent CN2762362Y of PTC(is set in rectangular lithium ion battery inside), do the negative pole drainage with PTC, ptc material is coated on the metal tabs, place outside be connected with external circuit (for example Chinese patent CN101887960A) of electric core.Mostly other patent is that the PTC element is placed outside batteries also, overcharges but the technique effect of these patents is embodied in improvement mostly, utilizes the increase suddenly of PTC component resistance to cut off electric current and prevents from overcharging the continuation generation; Yet when battery generation internal short-circuit, as when carrying out test such as acupuncture, extruding, those PTC elements just can not in time or can't play a protective role.
The utility model content
In view of the problem that exists in the background technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries and lithium ion battery, the safety problem that it causes in the time of preventing lithium ion battery outside and inner being short-circuited.
In order to realize the purpose of this utility model, in first aspect, the utility model provides a kind of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries, and it comprises: collector; Electrode active material layer contains active material; PTC primer coating is arranged between collector and the electrode active material layer; And PTC quilting material coating, be arranged on the electrode active material layer; Wherein, PTC primer coating and PTC quilting material coating comprise ptc material, conductive agent and binding agent; Wherein, the spreading area of PTC primer coating and PTC quilting material coating is all more than or equal to the spreading area of electrode active material layer.
In second aspect, the utility model provides a kind of lithium ion battery, and it comprises anode pole piece, cathode pole piece, is arranged at anode pole piece, barrier film and electrolyte between the cathode pole piece; Wherein positive level pole piece and/or cathode pole piece adopt the described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the utility model first aspect.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
Adopt use battery pole piece described in the utility model, not only when battery generation external circuit abuse (for example overcharging), can stop battery active material layer and external circuit to form path, prevent the generation of external short circuit, simultaneously when the dust of battery pole piece remained on surface or metallic particles punctures barrier film or during in tests such as acupuncture, extruding, electrodes of lithium-ion batteries can stop the generation of battery internal short-circuit.
Electrodes of lithium-ion batteries described in the utility model is simple in structure and be easy to make.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cut-away view according to electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present utility model.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
1 collector, 2 electrode active material layers
3PTC primer coating 4PTC quilting material coating
Embodiment
Describe in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings according to electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present utility model and lithium ion battery.
Electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to the utility model first aspect at first is described.
As shown in Figure 1, comprise according to electrodes of lithium-ion batteries described in the utility model: collector 1; Electrode active material layer 2 contains active material; PTC primer coating 3 is arranged between collector 1 and the electrode active material layer 2; And PTC quilting material coating 4, be arranged on the electrode active material layer 2; Wherein, PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 comprise ptc material, conductive agent and binding agent; Wherein, the spreading area of PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 is all more than or equal to the spreading area of electrode active material layer 2.Here be noted that, spreading area is based on projection relation, wherein, the spreading area of PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 all mean electrode active material layer 2 more than or equal to the spreading area of electrode active material layer 2 the coating scope in the coating scope of PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 or the coating scope of electrode active material layer 2 identical with the coating scope of PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4.Because ptc material is a kind of resistance that typically has temperature sensitivity, when surpassing certain temperature (Curie temperature), the resistance value of this ptc material is the increase of phase step type along with the rising of temperature.When abuse takes place by external circuit in lithium ion battery, battery heats up when reaching the Curie temperature of ptc material, PTC primer coating 3 will form the electronic isolation layer, can't form the loop between the feasible electrode active material layer 2 that is attached thereto and the collector 1, disconnection is connected with external circuit, stops because abuse takes place external circuit to wait the safety problem that causes.
In addition, PTC quilting material coating 4 can avoid lithium ion battery itself because the safety problems such as the blast of catching fire that internal short-circuit causes take place; Because anode pole piece contacts with cathode pole piece and will emit a large amount of heat during internal short-circuit; when reaching Curie temperature; the PTC quilting material coating 4 that is positioned at the pole piece top layer will form the electronic isolation layer; blocking-up is anodal to continue discharge with negative pole; as conductor and insulator short circuit; stop short circuit to continue to worsen, therefore play the purpose of protection lithium ion battery.
In according to electrodes of lithium-ion batteries described in the utility model, preferably, the thickness of PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 is 6~20 μ m.PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 can not enough cover corresponding collector and electrode activity layer when thickness was lower than 6 μ m, can not play complete insulating effect when reaching Curie temperature; Because of the normal temperature resistance of PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 slightly high than the material of electrode activity layer 2, when the thickness of PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 surpasses 20 μ m, the normal temperature resistance of PTC primer coating 3 and PTC quilting material coating 4 will have influence on the normal use of battery.
In according to electrodes of lithium-ion batteries described in the utility model, described ptc material can be at least a in the compound ptc material of organic polymer or the inorganic, metal oxide ptc material.Preferably, the compound ptc material of organic polymer can be polyethylene and acetylene black compound.Preferably, the inorganic, metal oxide ptc material can be the vanadium trioxide that rare earth element yttrium mixes.Preferably, the normal temperature resistance of described ptc material is 0.005~1 Ω .cm, and Curie temperature is 90~120 ℃.Need to prove that at this described ptc material is the well known materials that can be purchased.
In according to electrodes of lithium-ion batteries described in the utility model, described conductive agent can be one or more in conductive carbon, conductive carbon fibre or the electrically conductive graphite.
In according to electrodes of lithium-ion batteries described in the utility model, described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries can be anode pole piece or cathode pole piece.
Secondly explanation is according to the lithium ion battery of the utility model second aspect.
Comprise anode pole piece, cathode pole piece, be arranged at barrier film and electrolyte between anode pole piece and the cathode pole piece according to lithium ion battery of the present utility model, wherein positive level pole piece and/or cathode pole piece adopt the described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the utility model first aspect.
Next embodiment, Comparative Examples and test result according to electrodes of lithium-ion batteries described in the utility model and lithium ion battery are described.
Embodiment 1
Anode slice of lithium ion battery:
At first preparation contains the slurry of ptc material: ptc material is selected polyethylene and acetylene black compound (its resistivity at room temperature is 0.06 Ω .cm, but when temperature surpassed 90 ℃, resistivity reached 5000 Ω .cm) for use.This ptc material of ball milling 3.5h at first is that 89:3:8 and solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone NMP mix and make the slurry that contains ptc material with the PTC behind the ball milling, conductive agent conductive carbon fibre VGCF, polyfluortetraethylene of binding element PVDF according to the PTC:VGCF:PVDF mass ratio; The slurry that will contain ptc material is coated on the aluminium foil of the collector 1 that has welded lug, and therefore the baking desolventizing forms PTC primer coating 3 at collector 1, and thickness is 10 μ m; Reverse side applies the slurry of the ptc material of same thickness equally, the baking desolventizing.
Next prepares the active substance of lithium ion battery anode layer: be that 95:2.8:2.2 and solvent NMP mix and make active substance of lithium ion battery anode layer slurry with ternary material NCM, conductive carbon SP, polytetrafluoroethylene PVDF according to the NCM:SP:PVDF mass ratio, the positive electrode active material layer slurry is coated on the PTC primer coating 3 that is formed on the collector 1, spreading area is consistent with the spreading area of the PTC backsheet bed of material 3, through the baking desolventizing, form electrode active material layer 2 in PTC primer coating 3; Reverse side preparation technology is identical.
Apply again on the electrode active material layer 2 that contains active material then that (spreading area is consistent with the spreading area of the PTC backsheet bed of material 3 with the slurry that contains ptc material identical in the PTC primer coating 3, namely form PTC quilting material coating 4 at electrode active material layer 2, positive and negative preparation technology is identical, spreading area is identical with PTC primer coating with thickness, through the baking desolventizing, coating with " sandwich " sandwich structure obtains anode slice of lithium ion battery after colding pressing.
Lithium ion battery negative pole piece: be coated on the Copper Foil that has welded lug Delanium FSNC, conductive carbon SP, styrene butadiene rubber sbr and sodium carboxymethylcellulose CMC made slurry according to the FSNC:SP:SBR:CMC mass ratio for the 95:1.5:2.1:1.4 deionized water mixes after, through the baking desolventizing, obtain the lithium ion battery negative pole piece through colding pressing.
Preparation lithium ion battery: anode slice of lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery negative pole piece and 20 μ m individual layer PE membrane coil around obtaining treating fluid injection electricity core, are injected with 1MLiPF 6Be the electrolyte of solvent for solute, with volume ratio=1:1:1 of ethylene carbonate EC, methyl ethyl carbonate EMC, diethyl carbonate DEC, through welded seal, change into that deairing step is made the lithium ion battery of 22Ah.
Embodiment 2
Anode slice of lithium ion battery: the slurry with preparation lithium ion cell positive diaphragm among the embodiment 1 is identical, then slurry is coated on aluminium foil;
The lithium ion battery negative pole piece:
At first preparation contains the slurry of ptc material: with embodiment 1
The slurry that will contain ptc material is coated on the Copper Foil of the collector 1 that has welded lug, and therefore the baking desolventizing forms PTC primer coating 3 at collector 1; Coating thickness is 10 μ m, and reverse side applies the slurry that contains ptc material of same thickness equally, the baking desolventizing.
Next prepares the lithium ion battery negative diaphragm: will prepare the slurry of lithium ion battery negative pole piece among the embodiment 1 as the slurry of negative electrode active material layer, the slurry of negative electrode active material layer is coated on the PTC primer coating 3 that is formed on the collector 1, spreading area is identical with PTC primer coating 3, through the baking desolventizing, form electrode active material layer 2 in PTC primer coating 3; Reverse side preparation technology is identical.
On the electrode active material layer 2 that contains active material, apply again with the slurry that contains ptc material identical in the PTC primer coating 3 then, namely form PTC quilting material coating 4 at electrode active material layer 2, coating thickness is consistent with coating thickness and the area of area and PTC primer coating 3, positive and negative preparation technology is identical, through the baking desolventizing, coating with " sandwich " sandwich structure obtains the lithium ion battery negative pole piece after colding pressing.
Preparation lithium ion battery: with embodiment 1
Embodiment 3
Anode slice of lithium ion battery: with embodiment 1
Lithium ion battery negative pole piece: with embodiment 2
Preparation lithium ion battery: with embodiment 1
Embodiment 4
Anode slice of lithium ion battery:
At first preparation contains the slurry of ptc material: the vanadium trioxide (its resistivity at room temperature is 0.09 Ω .cm, and when temperature surpassed 95 ℃, its resistivity reached 5000 Ω .cm) that ptc material selects for use rare earth element yttrium to mix
Vanadium trioxide, the conductive agent that rare earth element yttrium is mixed is that conductive carbon SP and conductive carbon fibre VGCF, polyfluortetraethylene of binding element PVDF mix with mass ratio 85:2:3:10 and solvent NMP and make the slurry that contains ptc material; The slurry that will contain ptc material is coated on the aluminium foil of the collector 1 that has welded lug, and therefore the baking desolventizing forms PTC primer coating 3 at collector 1; Thickness is 6 μ m, and reverse side applies the slurry of the ptc material of same thickness equally, the baking desolventizing.
All the other steps are with the corresponding step of anode slice of lithium ion battery among the embodiment 1, and wherein the slurry that contains ptc material that adopts in the PTC quilting material coating 4 is identical with the slurry that contains ptc material of employing in the PTC primer coating 3, and coating thickness is also consistent with area.
Lithium ion battery negative pole piece: with embodiment 1
Preparation lithium ion battery: with embodiment 1
Embodiment 5
Anode slice of lithium ion battery:
At first preparation contains the slurry of ptc material: ptc material is selected the mixture of organic polymer composite material (polyethylene and acetylene black compound) and inorganic, metal oxide composite material (vanadium trioxide that rare earth element yttrium mixes) for use, these two kinds of PTC functional materials mix the back electrical conductivity at room temperature and slightly raise, about 0.11 Ω .cm, after temperature reached 90 degree, resistance can reach more than the 5000 Ω .cm.Vanadium trioxide, conductive agent conductive carbon SP, polyfluortetraethylene of binding element PVDF that polyethylene and acetylene black compound, rare earth element yttrium are mixed mix with mass ratio 55:30:5:10 and solvent NMP and make the slurry that contains ptc material; The slurry that will contain ptc material is coated on the aluminium foil of the collector 1 that has welded lug, and therefore the baking desolventizing forms PTC primer coating 3 at collector 1; Coating layer thickness is 20 μ m, and reverse side applies the slurry of the ptc material of same thickness equally, the baking desolventizing.
All the other steps are with the corresponding step of anode slice of lithium ion battery among the embodiment 1, wherein the slurry that contains ptc material that adopts in the PTC quilting material coating 4 is identical with the slurry that contains ptc material of employing in the PTC primer coating 3, and coating thickness and area also are consistent.
Lithium ion battery negative pole piece: with embodiment 1
Preparation lithium ion battery: with embodiment 1
Comparative Examples
Anode slice of lithium ion battery: with embodiment 2
Lithium ion battery negative pole piece: with embodiment 1
Preparation lithium ion battery: with embodiment 1.
Provide the testing result of embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples at last.
The lithium ion battery of embodiment 1-5 and Comparative Examples is carried out safety test according to QCT743-2006, and each embodiment carries out 5 parallel sample tests with Comparative Examples.
(1) overcharge: earlier lithium ion battery completely is charged to 4.1V by 1C, constant voltage is to 0.05C, crosses according to 3C then to be charged to 10V and to stop, and observes the battery blast of whether catching fire in 2h; And stick the battery surface temperature of temp.-sensing wire monitoring battery when overcharging in the battery main body center
(2) acupuncture: earlier battery completely is charged to 4.1V with 1C, constant voltage is to 0.05C, runs through the centre in lithium ion battery front with the steel nail of diameter 8mm with the speed of 20mm/s, and steel nail rests on inside lithium ion cell, the blast of whether catching fire of observation battery; And stick the temperature rise of temp.-sensing wire monitoring acupuncture position at 1~2cm place, battery acupuncture position.
(3) extruding: earlier battery completely is charged to 4.1V with 1C, constant voltage is pushed in the middle of the main body to battery to 0.05C, final extrusion deformation degree is 50% of battery original dimension, the diameter 75mm of semicolumn extrusion head, spacing is 30mm, observes the battery blast of whether catching fire;
Table 1 for embodiment 1-5 and contrast 1 lithium ion battery security can test result, all are tested to catch fire or explodes and are considered as safety test and do not pass through the lithium ion battery quantity that n passes through for test among the percent of pass n/m, the lithium ion battery quantity of m for testing.
Table 1 for embodiment 1-5 and contrast 1 lithium ion battery security can test result
As can be seen from Table 1, adopt the lithium ion battery of electrodes of lithium-ion batteries assembling of the present utility model, its security performance is greatly improved.In overcharging test, the lithium ion battery surface temperature of embodiment 1-5 all is lower than 70 ℃.Overcharge, in the acupuncture, embodiment 1-5 all passes through, no on fire from explosion, explosion-proof valve is intact; Comparative Examples the time is not all passed through overcharging test, in the acupuncture experiment 5 batteries have 4 on fire, spray a large amount of Mars and powder, the maximum temperature mean value of battery acupuncture position is at 180 ℃.In the extruding test, though small part (accounting for 20%) embodiment does not pass through, improved the percent of pass of extruding test greatly.As seen electrodes of lithium-ion batteries of the present utility model has played the safety problem that the protection battery causes because of external circuit and the own internal short-circuit of battery etc.

Claims (5)

1. electrodes of lithium-ion batteries comprises:
Collector (1); And
Electrode active material layer (2) contains active material;
It is characterized in that described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries also comprises:
PTC primer coating (3) is arranged between collector (1) and the electrode active material layer (2); And
PTC quilting material coating (4) is arranged on the electrode active material layer (2);
Wherein, PTC primer coating (3) and PTC quilting material coating (4) comprise ptc material, conductive agent and binding agent; Wherein, the spreading area of described PTC primer coating (3) and PTC quilting material coating (4) is all more than or equal to the spreading area of electrode active material layer (2).
2. electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of described PTC primer coating (3) and PTC quilting material coating (4) is between 6~20 μ m.
3. electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the normal temperature resistance of described ptc material is 0.005~1 Ω .cm, and Curie temperature is 90~120 ℃.
4. electrodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is anode pole piece or cathode pole piece.
5. lithium ion battery, comprise anode pole piece, cathode pole piece, be arranged at barrier film and electrolyte between anode pole piece and the cathode pole piece, it is characterized in that described anode pole piece and/or cathode pole piece adopt each described electrodes of lithium-ion batteries among the claim 1-3.
CN2013202038517U 2013-04-19 2013-04-19 Lithium ion battery pole piece and lithium ion battery Expired - Lifetime CN203218375U (en)

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CN103956499A (en) * 2014-04-15 2014-07-30 洛阳月星新能源科技有限公司 Preparation method of safety coating for positive current collector in lithium ion battery
CN104409681A (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-03-11 上海航天电源技术有限责任公司 Preparation method of lithium ion battery pole piece containing PTC coating
CN105470523A (en) * 2015-01-16 2016-04-06 万向A一二三系统有限公司 Lithium ion power battery with high safety performance
CN106654358A (en) * 2016-12-15 2017-05-10 东莞力朗电池科技有限公司 High-safety lithium ion power battery
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CN103956499A (en) * 2014-04-15 2014-07-30 洛阳月星新能源科技有限公司 Preparation method of safety coating for positive current collector in lithium ion battery
CN104409681A (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-03-11 上海航天电源技术有限责任公司 Preparation method of lithium ion battery pole piece containing PTC coating
CN105470523B (en) * 2015-01-16 2018-08-31 万向一二三股份公司 A kind of high safety performance lithium-ion-power cell
CN105470523A (en) * 2015-01-16 2016-04-06 万向A一二三系统有限公司 Lithium ion power battery with high safety performance
CN106654358A (en) * 2016-12-15 2017-05-10 东莞力朗电池科技有限公司 High-safety lithium ion power battery
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CN108539252A (en) * 2017-03-05 2018-09-14 谷涛 A kind of high security lithium ion battery
CN106898730A (en) * 2017-04-12 2017-06-27 深圳市斯盛能源股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of lithium rechargeable battery positive/negative plate
CN109004219A (en) * 2017-06-07 2018-12-14 银隆新能源股份有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery comprising rare earth modified barium titanium composite oxide
CN107565137A (en) * 2017-07-03 2018-01-09 北京卫蓝新能源科技有限公司 A kind of collector and pole piece, solid state battery containing the collector
CN107768597A (en) * 2017-10-10 2018-03-06 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 A kind of battery pole piece and preparation method thereof, battery
CN107768597B (en) * 2017-10-10 2023-10-20 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Battery pole piece, preparation method thereof and battery
CN109755465A (en) * 2017-11-08 2019-05-14 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Electrode pole piece, electrochemical device and safety coating
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