CN203054128U - Electric power parameter detection system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型公开一种电力参数检测系统,其包括:连接电力系统的传感器模块;依次连接在所述传感器模块输出端的模拟开关电路、放大电路和低通滤波电路;用于采集电力系统各相电压、电流数据的数据采集电路,所述数据采集电路连接在所述低通滤波电路的输出端;用于根据各相电压、电流数据计算电力系统的各项电力参数的计算机,所述计算机连接所述数据采集电路。本实用新型通过一块数据采集卡采集由电压互感器及电流互感器采集的各相电压、电流信号,并由计算机根据各相电压、电流信号计算出电力系统的各个电力参数,电力参数检测精确,为衡量电力系统的电能质量提供了客观的依据,且具有结构简单、实用性强等优点。
The utility model discloses a power parameter detection system, which comprises: a sensor module connected to the power system; an analog switch circuit, an amplifying circuit and a low-pass filter circuit sequentially connected to the output end of the sensor module; used for collecting the voltage of each phase of the power system , a data acquisition circuit for current data, the data acquisition circuit is connected to the output end of the low-pass filter circuit; a computer for calculating various power parameters of the power system according to the voltage and current data of each phase, the computer is connected to the The data acquisition circuit described above. The utility model collects the voltage and current signals of each phase collected by the voltage transformer and the current transformer through a data acquisition card, and the computer calculates each power parameter of the power system according to the voltage and current signal of each phase, and the detection of the power parameter is accurate. It provides an objective basis for measuring the power quality of the power system, and has the advantages of simple structure and strong practicability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种检测系统,尤其是涉及一种用于衡量电能质量的电力参数检测系统。The utility model relates to a detection system, in particular to a power parameter detection system for measuring power quality.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会发展,电能质量问题越来越受到电力企业和用户的共同关注,电能质量问题关系到各方的利益,因此,对电能质量进行实时在线检测是必然趋势。With the development of society, power quality issues are more and more concerned by power companies and users. Power quality issues are related to the interests of all parties. Therefore, real-time online detection of power quality is an inevitable trend.
衡量电能质量优劣及电能和质量改善的前提是电力参数指标的检测。传统的电力参数指标检测装置是采用模拟信号分析,不同的电力参数指标检测使用不同的仪器仪表,如:传统的电流电压表、功率表、频率表、谐波表、三相不平衡度计、电压波动和闪变仪等,这类检测装置不足之处是测量烦琐,仪器通用性差,自动化程度低。The premise of measuring the quality of electric energy and the improvement of electric energy and quality is the detection of electric parameter indicators. The traditional power parameter index detection device uses analog signal analysis. Different power parameter index detection uses different instruments and meters, such as: traditional current and voltage meters, power meters, frequency meters, harmonic meters, three-phase unbalance meters, Voltage fluctuation and flicker, etc., the disadvantages of this kind of detection device are that the measurement is cumbersome, the instrument has poor versatility, and the degree of automation is low.
随着微处理器和DSP为核心的新一代数字式仪表被广泛开发使用,国内许多电能质量检测装置也采用这种方式设计开发。这类检测仪器器件固定,所以在信号处理、数据存储等方面都受到硬件的处理速度及容量的限制。该类检测仪的缺点是数据交换性及共享性不强、灵活性差、分析算法简单、数据存储量小、升级比较困难。With the widespread development and use of a new generation of digital instruments with microprocessors and DSP as the core, many domestic power quality detection devices are also designed and developed in this way. This type of detection instrument is fixed, so it is limited by the processing speed and capacity of the hardware in terms of signal processing and data storage. The disadvantages of this type of detector are that the data exchange and sharing are not strong, the flexibility is poor, the analysis algorithm is simple, the data storage is small, and the upgrade is difficult.
实用新型内容Utility model content
为克服现有技术的缺陷,本实用新型提出一种检测精确、实用性较强的用于衡量电能质量的电力参数检测系统。In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model proposes a power parameter detection system for measuring power quality with accurate detection and strong practicability.
本实用新型采用如下技术方案实现:一种电力参数检测系统,其包括:连接电力系统的传感器模块;依次连接在所述传感器模块输出端的模拟开关电路、放大电路和低通滤波电路;用于采集电力系统各相电压、电流数据的数据采集电路,所述数据采集电路连接在所述低通滤波电路的输出端;用于根据各相电压、电流数据计算电力系统的各项电力参数的计算机,所述计算机连接所述数据采集电路。The utility model is realized by adopting the following technical solutions: a power parameter detection system, which includes: a sensor module connected to the power system; an analog switch circuit, an amplifying circuit and a low-pass filter circuit sequentially connected to the output end of the sensor module; A data acquisition circuit for the voltage and current data of each phase of the power system, the data acquisition circuit is connected to the output end of the low-pass filter circuit; a computer for calculating various power parameters of the power system according to the voltage and current data of each phase, The computer is connected to the data acquisition circuit.
其中,所述传感器模块包括分别连接电力系统的电压互感器及电流互感器。Wherein, the sensor module includes a voltage transformer and a current transformer respectively connected to the power system.
其中,所述模拟开关电路为16通道/双8通道的模拟多路复用器,所述模拟多路复用器的四个控制端口连接所述数据采集电路。Wherein, the analog switch circuit is a 16-channel/dual 8-channel analog multiplexer, and four control ports of the analog multiplexer are connected to the data acquisition circuit.
其中,所述低通滤波电路为截止频率可程控的四阶巴特沃兹低通滤波器。Wherein, the low-pass filter circuit is a fourth-order Butterworth low-pass filter with programmable cut-off frequency.
其中,所述数据采集电路通过PCI总线接口连接所述计算机。Wherein, the data acquisition circuit is connected to the computer through a PCI bus interface.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型具有如下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
本实用新型通过一块数据采集卡即可采集由电压互感器及电流互感器采集的各相电压、电流信号,由计算机根据各相电压、电流信号计算出电力系统的各个电力参数指标,电力参数检测精确,为衡量电力系统的电能质量提供了客观的依据,且具有结构简单、实用性强等优点。The utility model can collect the voltage and current signals of each phase collected by the voltage transformer and the current transformer through a data acquisition card, and the computer can calculate each power parameter index of the power system according to the voltage and current signals of each phase, and detect the power parameters. Accurate, it provides an objective basis for measuring the power quality of the power system, and has the advantages of simple structure and strong practicability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.
图2是电流互感器的电路示意图Figure 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a current transformer
图3是模拟开关的电路示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an analog switch.
图4是放大电路的电路示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the amplifying circuit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示,本实用新型提出一种检测精确、实用性较强的用于衡量电能质量的电力参数检测系统,其包括:连接电力系统的传感器模块1,包括电压互感器11及电流互感器12(电流互感器12的电路图如图2所示);依次连接电压互感器11的输出端及电流互感器12的输出端的模拟开关电路2、放大电路3、低通滤波电路4及数据采集电路5;以及连接数据采集电路5的计算机6。As shown in Figure 1, the utility model proposes a power parameter detection system for measuring power quality with accurate detection and strong practicability, which includes: a sensor module 1 connected to the power system, including a
电力系统电力参数经电压互感器11及电流互感器12变换放大后的六路小电压信号输入至双通道16路/双8路的模拟开关电路2将各路信号两两输出,由放大电路3进行增益放大处理、由低通滤波电路4进行低通滤波处理后传输给数据采集电路5。The power parameters of the power system are converted and amplified by the
其中,模拟开关电路2采用用美国AD公司生产的16通道/双8通道、低泄漏、CMOS模拟多路复用器AD7507实现,将传感器模块1输出的电压信号两两输出至放大电路3。模拟开关电路2的电路图如图3所示,由三个通道选择端和一个使能端控制Ua、Ub、Uc,Ia、Ib、Ic等两两信号的采集,因此,共需从数据采集电路5引入四个控制端口D0、D1、D2和D3。Among them, the
如图4所示,放大电路3是一个能够自动调整放大倍数的高精度、高性能的程控增益放大电路,采用美国AD公司生产的性能优良的软件可编程增益放大器(SPGA,Software Programmable Gain Amplifier)芯片AD526CD实现程控增益控制。AD526CD芯片的A2端口、A1端口和A0端口连接数据采集电路5,由计算机6通过数据采集电路5确定AD526CD芯片的A2端口、A1端口和A0端口的不同数值来确定AD526CD芯片的放大倍数。As shown in Figure 4, the
而低通滤波电路4采用截止频率可程控的四阶巴特沃兹(Butterworth)低通滤波器,通过计算机6向数据采集电路5发出信号,这个信号被数据采集电路5的数字输出端口送出,控制低通滤波器4完成不同截至频率大小的控制,以满足更多检测需要。And the low-
数据采集电路5是基于PCI总线的数据采集模块,直接插接在计算机6的PCI总线接口上,实现将现场数据采集到计算机6以及将计算机6的控制数据通过数据采集电路5输出给前端受控对象。The
在一个优选实施例中,数据采集电路5采用ADLINK公司的DAQ-2010型多功能4通道同步数据采集卡,具有14位A/D分辨率,最高采样频率可达2MHz。根据电网质量的国家标准,A级仪器频率测量范围为0~2500Hz,即采样信号最高次谐波为50次,由Nyquist采样定理可知,数据采集电路5的最高采样频率大于5kHz即可。因此,DAQ-2010完全能够满足三相电压、电流电能质量A级检测要求。In a preferred embodiment, the
计算机6从数据采集电路5获取到电力系统的A相、B相和C相的电压和电流后,计算各相电压、电流的有效值,并在各相电压、电流的有效值的基础上计算出有功功率、视在功率、功率因数等。After the
由电路理论知,对随时间变化的电压信号u(t)、电流信号i(t),其相电压、相电流及有功功率有效值定义为:According to the circuit theory, for the voltage signal u(t) and current signal i(t) changing with time, the effective values of phase voltage, phase current and active power are defined as:
对被测交流信号一个周期进行N次采样,uk、ik为第k个时间间隔电压、电流采样瞬时值,ΔTk为相邻的两次采样时间间隔,则离散情况下的相电压、电流及单相有功功率有效值分别为:The measured AC signal is sampled N times in one cycle, u k and ik are the instantaneous values of voltage and current sampling at the kth time interval, and ΔT k is the time interval between two adjacent sampling times, then the phase voltage, The effective values of current and single-phase active power are:
在采样时采用频率跟踪技术,使得一个周期内采样点点数为N个,相邻两次采样的时间间隔相等,及ΔTk为时间常数ΔT,则:The frequency tracking technology is used in sampling, so that the number of sampling points in one cycle is N, and the time interval between two adjacent samples is equal, and ΔT k is the time constant ΔT, but:
单相功率因数为: The single-phase power factor is:
三相总有功功率为:
三相总视在功率为:S=UAIA+UBIB+UCIC The total apparent power of the three phases is: S=U A I A +U B I B +U C I C
三相总功率因数为: The three-phase total power factor is:
而电力系统的采样频率虽无法事先确定,但是电力系统惯性较大,相邻两个或几个周波的频率变化却很小,因此可用要采样的周波相邻的前一个(或几个)周波的频率来代替正在采样的周波的基波频率,进而确定采样信号频率。Although the sampling frequency of the power system cannot be determined in advance, the inertia of the power system is large, and the frequency of two or several adjacent cycles changes very little, so the previous (or several) cycles adjacent to the cycle to be sampled can be used The frequency of the frequency is used to replace the fundamental frequency of the cycle being sampled to determine the frequency of the sampled signal.
当三相电量中不含零序分量如三相线电压、无中线的三相线电流时,国标给出了三相不平衡度的准确算式:When the three-phase electricity does not contain zero-sequence components such as three-phase line voltage and three-phase line current without a neutral line, the national standard gives an accurate calculation formula for the three-phase unbalance:
其中,A、B、C分别为三相线电压(电流)的幅值,如:Uab、Ubc、Uca或Ia、Ib、Ic Among them, A, B, C are the amplitudes of the three-phase line voltage (current), such as: U ab , U bc , U ca or I a , I b , I c
利用两同频正弦信号的延时z=0时的互相关函数值与其相位差的余弦值成正比的原理获得相位差。由于噪声信号通常与有效信号相关性很小,因此该方法具有很好的噪声抑制能力。The phase difference is obtained by using the principle that the value of the cross-correlation function when the time delay z=0 of two sinusoidal signals of the same frequency is proportional to the cosine value of the phase difference. Since the noise signal usually has little correlation with the effective signal, this method has good noise suppression ability.
通常,电压波动的测量采用以下方式:在固定时间内测量各个周波(20ms)的有效值,然后对上述有效值进行比较,取最大的差值ΔU(Umax-Umin)除以标称电压UN(额定电压UN)的百分数表示其相对百分值,即电压波动率d的大小,即电压波动率:Usually, the measurement of voltage fluctuation adopts the following method: measure the effective value of each cycle (20ms) within a fixed time, and then compare the above effective values, and divide the maximum difference ΔU(U max -U min ) by the nominal voltage The percentage of U N (rated voltage U N ) represents its relative percentage value, that is, the magnitude of the voltage fluctuation rate d, that is, the voltage fluctuation rate:
从上述分析可知,计算机6通过从从数据采集电路5获取到电力系统的A相、B相和C相的电压和电流后,通过计算可以得到各相电压有效值、各项电流有效值、有功功率、视在功率、功率因数、电网频率、三相不平衡度及相位差等电力参数。因此,本申请提出的检测系统能够较好地完成基本电力参数的测量并根据GB实现电能质量检测。From the above analysis, it can be seen that after the
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103344343A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-10-09 | 国家电网公司 | Non-contact type infrared temperature detecting system based on micromachine thermopile |
CN103852637A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-11 | 唐山紫光智能电子有限公司 | Intelligent electric meter with fundamental wave metering function and measurement method thereof |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103344343A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-10-09 | 国家电网公司 | Non-contact type infrared temperature detecting system based on micromachine thermopile |
CN103852637A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-11 | 唐山紫光智能电子有限公司 | Intelligent electric meter with fundamental wave metering function and measurement method thereof |
CN103852637B (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2015-07-01 | 唐山紫光智能电子有限公司 | Intelligent electric meter with fundamental wave metering function and measurement method thereof |
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